专题 08---定语从句专题-备战2022年艺术类高考英语语法冲刺宝典

这是一份专题 08---定语从句专题-备战2022年艺术类高考英语语法冲刺宝典，共12页。
            LESSON 8 定语从句                【课前练习】（4minutes)一．单句语法填空1.[2020全国Ⅲ,61]In ancient China lived an artist________ paintings were almost lifelike.2.[2020江苏,21]Many lessons are now available online,from___________students can choose for free.3.[2019 天津,11]Their child is at the stage _________she can say individual words but not full sentences.4.[2018 全国I,66]Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.5.[2018浙江,57]Many westerners___________come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.6.[2017乙卷(全国I),70]Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,__________is not good for the health.二．单句填空1.Yesterday she sold her car,__she bought a month ago.A.whom     B.where     C. that      D.which 2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week._the weather may be better.A.that      B.where       C.which         D.when 3.I walked in our garden,_Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A.which      B.when      C.where           D. that 4.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.          A.whom     B.which     C.them      D.those 5.Gun control is a subject____Americans have argued for a long time.A.of   which     B.with which       C. about which        D.into which三．划出下列句子中的定语从句1.The exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2019安徽) 2.Among the many dangers, which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(2014江西)一．判断定语从句1.识别和划出定语从句(1)识别定语a clever/handsome boy       the polluted water           fallen leaves the cat behind the door    the girl standing under the tree   stories in the Long March二．概念定语从句:在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代询的从句叫定语从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。Eg:The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Poter.关系词:连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。注意:关系词指代先行词，并在句子起连接作用，连接主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分(主、宾、表、状等)关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为:关系代词:在从句中做主、宾表、定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)【过关检测】画出定语从句并翻译(8mins)  We’ll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the beginning of the year.  After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.3.A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. 4.English a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which use it differently5.It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year.二、定语从句分类限定性定语从句VS非限定性定语从句(1)分类与辨别定语从句分为:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。辨别:限定性定语从句的关系词和先行词之间没有逗号，而非限定性定语从句则有逗号分开。如:The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.(限制性定语从句)The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. (非限制性定语从句)【过关检测】同义句转换①That is his father,and he works in Shanghai That is his father,_______works in Shanghai.②I like the boy,who is very lovely.I like the boy,___________he is very lovely.③He told me a story yesterday, and I thought it was very interesting.He told me a story yesterday,_________I thought was very interesting.三.定语从句各类关系词及用法(i)关系代词代词先行词在从句中成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语that人/物主语/宾语which事/物主语/宾语as人/事/物主语/宾语whose人/物定语   who/whom(先行词指人，who在从句中做主语、whom在从句中做宾语)She is the girl who( that)lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。Do you know the boy who(that)is standing there? 你认识正站在那里的那个男孩吗?That's the girl(whom/who that)Iteach.那就是我教的女孩。This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.(=This is the scientist,ofwhom the achievements are well known.)这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。That is the book(that/which) I want to read.那就是我想要读的那本书He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了，这使得他的历史不高兴。b.只用that不用which的几种情况:1.先行词既有人又有物时如:Ann talked about the people and things that moved her greatly during her stay there.(2019北京高二检测)2.先行词是不定代词:all,little,much,none,one,复合不定代词(或被不定代词修饰)如:1 refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault(2019全国) That is the one that you know I used to work for years. (2015福建)  先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或the only,the very,the right 等修饰.如:This is the only thin g that I want to knowc.which(先行词指事/物，在从句中做主语/宾语)如，You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family (2019上海)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.(2018全国) The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn't expect(20i9北京春) d.as(先行词指事物、人，在从句中做主语)1.as 的固定搭配 such...as...These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(2000上海春) the same...as...He is not the same man as he was so/as...as...American women usually identify their best friend as someone as they can talk frequently(2014上海)2.as引导非限制性定语从句As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrivedThe air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two monthsE.whose(先行词指人或物，在从句中做定语)"whose +名词”在从句中作主语或宾语Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive e-mails.【过关检测】(3mins)1.The house ________windows face north belongs to him. 2.The man ________you met just now is my brother.3.The man ________is walking in the playground is my old friend.4.Take the book_________is lying on the table.5.She is such a girl________ is always finding fault with other people.6.The famous basketballer,_______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention7..John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,___was true.8.1 live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京春)9.The little problems________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京春)1o._________is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (2)关系副词(when,where,why)关系副词先行词在从句中成分When 表示时间的词状语where表示地点的词状语why表示原因的词状语 (1)  when的用法:在从句中做时间状语，先行词是表时间的名词如day,year,time 等.如: We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.(2018 北京春)(2)where的用法:在从句中做地点/语，其先行词是表示地点或抽象地点概念的名词，如 place,houses,situation,case,activity,point 等.如:We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.(3)why的用法:在从句中做原因/语，先行词是reason 等表示原因的名词。如: This is the reason why he was absent【过关检测】(2mins)单句填空1.He wrote a letter___________he explained what had happened in the accident.2.Sales director is a position_________communication ability is just as important as sales skills. （3)“介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面形成“介词+关系代词”结构,该结构中的关系代词可用which，whose ，who 但不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定。e.g.This is the house of which 1 spoke(根据动词 speak的搭配而定)This is the camera with which he often takes photos(根据先行词的搭配而定)This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(根据句子的意义来确定)注:有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for,look after,call on 等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。That is the book which I am looking for那就是我要找的书。【过关检测】(3mins)1.American women usually identify their best friend as someone_______they can talk frequently.(2014上海)A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom 2.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________ people were eaten by the tiger. (2015广东)A.in which B.by which C.which D.that 3.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,____ we gave some bells and glasses. (2016湖南) A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 4.She was educated at Beijing University._she went on to have her advanced study abroad.(2016陕西)A.after which B.from which C.from that D. after that 5.The English play my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success(2014全国)A. for which B.at which C.in which D.on which 4)     定语从句中主谓一致的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。当先行词是one of+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.②.当先行词是the only+one of+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.(5)  way后接定语从句的用法当先行词是way（方式，方法）时,如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。The way which/ that /不填he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少(方式)状语，则引导词用that/in which/不填。The way that/不填/ in which he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。[过关检测}1.单句填空1.After living in Australia for many years,Louise finally returned to the country________she was born.2.His interest started a few years ago,________ he was in college and studying wildlife science.3.Another saying which has come from the fable is“God helps those_________ help themselves." 4.Then Needham began his lifelong research,________ended up creating the greatest work-Science and Civilization in China.5.There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis players and countless ordinary people ________play less seriously.6.Dragon Heads-raising Day,_________falls each year on the second day of the second lunar month, is one of the Chinese traditional festivals.7.There is a phrase ___________describes the noodle- making process.二、运用定语从句的方法解题1.定语从句的解题方法:判-找-代-选判:去掉划出的从句，剩余句子成分完整，且从句修饰前面的名词、代词或句子，则判定为定语从句;找:找先行词;代:把先行词代入从句中，看在从句中所做成分选:依据表格，选关系词。2运用定语从句的方法在各题型中解题依据判-找-代-选的去独立完成单项选择，语法填空和短文改错。【过关检测】(10mins)A单句填空1.「2020 新高考I(山东),39]The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum____opened in 1759.2.[2020 天津,6]Dr.Rowan,_______secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.3.[2019 全国Ⅱ,62]Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,______she opened with her late husband Les.4.[2019 浙江,58]On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth____gives off light in the dark.5.[2019 江苏,21]We have entered into an age__________dreams have the best chance of coming true.6.[2019 天津,11]Their child is at the stage_________she can say individual words but not full sentences.7.[2019北京,9]The students benefitting most from college are those______are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源)8.[2018 全国Ⅱ,69]The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.9.[2018 江苏,23]Self-driving is an area ________China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.10.[2018天津,2]Kate,_______sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.11.[2017 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),64]But Sarah,_______has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.12.[2017 江苏,28]In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.13.[2017 浙江11月,57]Like many things in life, it's an ongoing process , and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, __________means you'll just keep getting better and better.B.单句改错1.[2020全国Ⅱ改错]Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.2.[2019 全国改错]One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.3.[2018 全国改错]They also had a small pond which they raised fish.4.[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]Around me in this picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.5.[2016四川改错]The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.[基础练习】 The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people.many of_________left their homes for better life in the city2.Many countries are now setting up national parks____ animals and plants can be protected3.Happiness and success often come to those___are good at recognizing their own strengths4.1 was born in New Orleans, Louistana,a city______name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind 5.We have launched another man-made satellite.________is announced in today's newspaper6.Luckily, we'd brought a road map without _________   we would have lost our way.7.She'll never forget her stay there_______she found her son who had gone missing two years before(2019四川)8.I can think of many cases_______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay9.Gun control is a subject_________Americans have argued for a long time. (2019陕西)10.Creating an atmosphere_________employees feel part of a ream is a big challenge(2015浙江)[巩固练习】1.There is a phrase describes the noodle-making process.2.Contrary to popular belief,there is a great degree of personal freedom in this country,_______it's relatively easy to set up a business and it's extremely safe.              3.In reality.FIFA rules the new cup as a mobile prize, _______means no matter which team wins the championshup,it cannot occupy the cup forever4.A diet that lacks vitamin B12 or iron can cause a condition in ______your blood doesn't supply your body with enough oxygen.5..In 2019. its average weekly circulation was reported to be 1.5 million copies. half of______were sold in the United States.6.It is increasingly clear that China._______is no longer copying western ideas, is leading in many new ways.7.Written Chinese has also become an important means by_______ China's present is connected with its past.8.In mid-September ,__________their seedless grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes to be transported to cler parts of the country-1.单句改错1.This is a place where I am always dreaming about:2.Later,my teacher,she realized my problem,had a face- to-face talk with me.3.About two years ago,I worked hard and entered a local key school, which my parents were proud of it. 4.One day in the restaurant which I worked, I was serving a table of four and each person had ordered a different kind of fish.5.What's more, years of experience of being monitor makes me a brilliant organizer, who will help a lot to keep the class in order.6.Then we expressed our thanks to our parents they had gone through hardships to bring us up and our teachers who had been educating us patiently.7.One day I happened to find a chatting room in my QQ. there people were chatting in English.【拔高练习】单句填空1.[2021 河北衡水四校联考,67]Architects in ancient China. ______paid special attention to decoration , used different colors or paintings according to particular building functions or local customs.2.[2021四省八校开学考,67]He called artificial light a pollutant________threatens nocturnal(夜间活动的)animals and affects plants. and microorganisms,3.[2021 山西太原质量监测,61]Even young people tend to take their leftovers home when dining out,most of_______ would pack the dish in a doggie bag( 给剩饭打的包)if the leftovers are still in good shape.4.[2021四川绵阳-诊,62]Today,with the help of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)______is entirely built by Chinese engineers, we Chinese can easily find our way.5.[2021江苏盐城统一考试,56]The city of Flagstaff is dealing with that confusion through its Master Recycler program,________  goal is to shed light on the connection between personal consumption and climate change.6.[2021 山东烟台期中,42]The West first learned of the giant panda on March 11,1869,_______Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter.7.[2021江苏南京学情调研,63]He then handed Todd a large bag,inside________were clean shirts and shorts, plus a brand-new pair of New Balance sneakers.8.[2021 四川成都摸底测试,68]Entrepreneurs are people _______start companies to develop new or improved products.9.[2021 江苏扬州开学检测,18]The number of smokers,______is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.10.[2020皖南八校联考,61]In the morning, two artists,________acting skills were wonderful, came to our school as planned.       参考答案：过关检测单句用法填空：1.which/that  2.whose  3.which  4.that/which  5.when  6.where  7.who/that  8.that/which  9.where  10.whose  11.who  12.whose  13.which单句改错：1.what--which  2.where--when   3.which--where  4.they--that/which  5.what--that/which  基础练习：1.whom  2.where  3.who   4.whose  5.as/which  6.which  7.when  8.where   9.about which 10.where巩固练习：1.that/which 2.where 3.which4.which 5.which 6.which 7.which 8.whenⅡ.1.去掉 where 或 where→that/which 2.she→who 3.删掉 it 4.which→where 5.who→which 6.they→who/that  there→where 8.去掉they 9.that→which 10.she→who拔高练习：1.who  2.that/which  3.whom  4.which   5.whose  6.when   7.which  8.who/that  9.as  10.whose