专题 07 非谓语动词专题-备战2022年艺术类高考英语语法冲刺宝典

这是一份专题 07 非谓语动词专题-备战2022年艺术类高考英语语法冲刺宝典，共15页。







LESSON 7
非谓语动词


















这一章我们讲解英文中很重要的动词变化形式--三种非谓语动词形式，即动词不定式(to do),动名词(doing)和两种分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。他们的作用和特点简介如下:
不定式，即“不一定是什么词性的成分”，可当作名词，形容词，和副词来使用.
因此，不定式在句中能够充当除了谓语以外的任何其他成分。
动名词，相当于名词。因此，在句中主要充当:主语、宾语和表语
分词，相当于形容词和副词。因此，在句中主要充当:定语、状语和补足语，非谓语动词作句中成分是他们非动词特征的体现，这是我们的学习的重点
非谓语动词作为动词的一种变化形式，仍保留有动词的特征，比如有自己的主语，有时态和语态的变化.
因此，掌握非谓语动词的三个重点是:句子成分，时态和语态的变化，逻辑主语
【课前检测】
1.[2020全国I,66] Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4_______( find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.[2020全国Ⅱ,63]They represent the earth ______(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
3.[2020全国Ⅱ,68]They are easy ________( care) for and make great presents.
4.[2020 浙江,60]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology( change) lives.
5.[2020天津,14] The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet_______( clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
6.[2020北京,8]A piece of stone_______(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
7.[2020浙江1月,60]The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large______( compare) to younger generations , and so, on average, the population becomes older than before.
8.[2019全国Ⅲ,70] On the last day of our week-long stay , we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars ,________( listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
9.[2019天津,4]_________( learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
10.[2018 全国I,63]You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of______( die) early by running.
11.[2018全国，64] Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice_________( improve)water quality.
12.[2020全国【改错]My mom told me how to preparing it.
13.[2019全国I改错]All the football players on the playground cheered loudly , say that I had a talent for football.
14.[2018 全国【改错]My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
课中讲解
一、定义
不充当句中谓语的动词叫作非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定动词。
二、形式
1.动词不定式(to do sth.)
2.动名词(v.-ing)
现在分词(v.-ing)
3.分词
过去分词(-ed或不规则变化)
考点一： 不定式
1.不定式的结构
动词不定式:to+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式:not+to do,
非谓语
主动
被动
谓语先后
to do
表将来
表目的

一般
to do
to be done
后
进行
to be doing
/
同时
完成
to have done
to have been done
先
完成进行
to have been doing
/
后
We plan to go to the cinema this afternoon.
I want the house to be repaired.
He pretend to be doing his homework.
I regretted to have told a lie
The little girl seems to have been watching TV all this evening
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard
往往用it作形式主语，而把真正主语---动词不定式置于句末。常用句式:
①It is(not)+adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth..
To do the work is not easy for him.
=It is not easy for him to do the work.做这项工作对他而言并非易事。
②It+be+名词+to do.~ 如; It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
③ It takes sb+some time + to do. 如：It takes him two hours to study
(2).作表语
往往置于连系动词be,seem等之后。 My dream is to work as an astronaut.我的梦想是当一名宇航员。
(3) 作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有: want, hope,wish, offer, fail. plan, lcarn. pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer.如: You promised to do something good with it.
如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面。如:
Marx found it important to study the situation int Russia.马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。如: I have no choice but to stay here.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问调连用。如:
He gave us some advice on how to lean English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，用不定式作补语的动词及动词词组有 advise,allow,ask, beg , cause , encourage , expect , forbid , force , get , intend , invite, like , love , order , persuade , prefer , remind , require , teach , tell, want , warn , wish, wait for,call on,depend on 等。
You are not allowed to smoke here.这里不允许吸烟。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。
注意：下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”--5 看( look at,see,watch, notice,observe);3使( make,let,have);2听( listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)。
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
I saw her cross the road.
(5)作定语:
①动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:动宾关系:I have a meeting to attend.
注意，不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词.如
He found a good house to live in..
②如果不定式修饰time, place, way、可以省略介词: He has no place to live.
③如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式
Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗?
Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗?
说明所修饰名词的内容:We have made a plan to finish the work.
当名词被序数词或 the only, the next, the last, the right修饰,且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词动作的执行者时,用不定式的主动形式作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
He was the only one to survive the plane crash.他是这次飞机失事中唯一的幸存者。
【过关检测】单句填空
1.They made a decision_______( put) off the meeting until next week.
2.There is no need _________( build) a dam across the small river.
3.Her eagerness_________ ( work) will please the boss.
4.I want to buy a brush to paint________.
(6)做状语
1）To keep healthy, you should take more exercise regularly.为了保持健康，你应该有规律地多锻炼身体。(目的状语)
2）Kate is old enough to go to school.凯特已经够上学的年龄了。(结果状语)
3）I'm sorry to hear that.听说这件事我很难过(遗憾)。(原因状语)
4）.构成"Sth.+be+形容词+不定式"结构(其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义)
此类形容词常见的有:easy, hard, difficult,pleasant, good, fit, comfortable 等。
This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。
注意
在only too...to...结构中,too...to...不是“太......而不能......”之意，而是“非常......”,相当于"very...to...”。与only too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有 pleased, ready , willing,glad, happy 等。
I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.( =I'm very glad to have passed the exam.)考试及格了,我非常高兴。

【过关检测】 (3mins)
一单旬填空
1.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely _______( bring)
your work home.(2019 全国Ⅱ)
2.For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something______(eat)!(2020四川)
3.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ________(sell) the wood.
4.Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______(improve)water quality.(2018全国卷II)
5.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ______(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.(2019全国卷II)
6.Once his message was delivered.He allowed me ______(stay) and watch.(2018全国III)
二.单句改错
1.He was, in fact, rather attractive, and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her.(2010辽宁)
2.I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing (2010 辽字)

动名词
1. 动名词的结构 一般式：doing 否定式：not+ doing 被动式：being +done
完成式：having done 被动式：having been done

Eg: Seeing is believing.
I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
He came to the party without being invited.
We remembered having seen the film.
He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.
2、 动名词的句法功能:
(1) 作主语：Drinking hot water is good for health.
动名词做主语常用作it形式主语 It is no use arguing with him.
(2) 作宾语：常接动名词作宾语的动词口诀：

建议 suggest /advise 考虑 consider 保持 keep 练 practise
允许 permit/allow 想象 imagine 否 deny 冒险 risk
阻止 prevent 错过 miss 完 finish 避开 avoid/escape
介意 mind 抵制 resist 承 admit 喜欢 enjoy
I often practise listening and speaking. 我经常练习听和说。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary?你介意递给我那本词典吗?
后接动词-ing 作宾语的动词短语
此类短语有很多,如:feel like(想).can't help(忍不住).give up(放弃).put off( 推迟),insist on(坚持)等
When he doesn't feel like talking,we just let him be.他不想说话时,我们就任其自便吧
She couldn't help crying when she heard the news. 听到那则消息她忍不住哭起来。
(3) 作定语：Is there a swimming pool in our school.
〖过关检测〗
一， 单句语法填空
1.[2020 全国Ⅱ,63]They represent the earth_________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2.[2020 全国Ⅱ,68]They are easy__________(care) for and make great presents.
3.[2020 天津,14]The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet______(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
4.[2019 全国m.70) On the last day of our week-long stay , we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,__________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
5.[2019 天津.4]________(learn)to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
6.[2018 全国1,63]You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of_______( die) early by running.
二单句改错：
1.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国Ⅱ)
2.Have tea in the lute afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o clock at night(2018全国Ⅱ)
3.As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times f asked to watching them my parents would not to let me(2018全国春1)
4. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that t had a talent for football(2019全国春)

分词
主动含义 被动含义
一般动作 doing done
进行动作 doing being done
完成动作 having done having been done
现在分词
1、现在分词的形式:doing 否定式:not+ 现在分词
(1)现在分调的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语、
Having done his homework, he played basketball.
(2)现在分词的被动语态，一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作，如 The problem being discussed is very important
2、现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分面短语做定语放在名词后， 如
In the following years he worked even harder.
The girl standing under the tree is my sister.
注:现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能。如
the man speaking to the teacher 可改为 the man who is speaking to the teacher(
(2)作表语: 如: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
be+doing 既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，区别在于前者表示动作的进行，而后者是系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语: see,watch,hear,feel,find get, keep,notice,observe, listen to, look alt,leave,catch等，如 He kept the car waiting at the gate
(4)作状语:
1)作时间状语: (While) Working in the factory. he was an advanced worker .
2)作原因状语: Being a League member, he is always helping others .
3)作伴随状语: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing .
4)作条件状语: (1f) Playing all day.you will waste your valuable time
5)作结果状语: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces
【过关检测】(3mins)

一单句改错
1. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.(2014楼西)
2. My grandpa sad last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
3. Felt hungry,we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish
4. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious(2018全国卷I)
5.Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

过去分词
过去分词的形式: done 否定式:not + 过去分词
过去分词的句法功能
1)作定语:Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
注意:当过去分词是单个词时，一般放名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放名词后，如
He was reading a book _________(write) by Mark Twain.
2)作表语：
过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况.所体现的是形容词的特性。
The shops have remained shut for a week.这些商店关门一周了。
特别提醒 过去分词作表语时强调主语所处的状态:动词的被动话态则表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.杯子破了。(强调杯子“破了"的状态)
The cup was broken by Jim.杯子被吉姆打破了。(强调"打破"这一动作)
3） 作状语
其逻辑主语通常就是主句的主语，构成过去分词的动词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词（短语)作状语可表示时间，原因、让步、条件，伴随和方式.可转化为相应的状语从句(作方式或伴随状语时除外)
Given more time,I’ll catch up with you.----If 1 am given more time,I’ll catch up with you.如果多给我一些时间，我就能赶上你。(条件)
特别提醒 有些及物动词的-ed 形式形容词化了,并不强调被动意味，主要表示一种状态。
Dressed in white,she suddenly appeared. 她穿着白色的衣服突然出现了。
Lost in thought,he didn't notice us come in. 由于陷入深思，他没注意到我们进来了。
4) 作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week.
【过关检测】
一单句填空
1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s when I was the first Western TV reporter________ （permit) to film a. special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016 全国|)
2.The adobe dwellings(土坯房)________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modem of architects and engineers..(2015 全国 Ⅱ)
二.单句改错
1. I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012 陕西)

非谓语的解题方法
判断是否使用非谓语:两个句子连接必须使用连接词，如果没有连接词，则需要使用非谓语动词。如:
He was told many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
Having been told many times, he still couldn't understand it.
句 1 因为有连词 but，前后都是独立的句子，所以都有独立的谓语部分
句2 因为没有连词， 所以前半部分不是一个独立的句子，使用非谓语。
找出句子的逻辑主语:非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍然具有动词特点。其逻辑的动作执行者就是其逻辑主语。
First_______ (introduce ) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
句中没有连接词，前半句不是独立的句子，并且缺少 introduce 的逻辑主语，于是回到句中，找到逻辑主语为 these products.
判断语态的主被动:在确定逻辑主语之后，需要判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动关系还是被动关系。
Seen from space. the earth looks blue.
Seeing from space,we can see the earth is blue.
句1 中的逻辑主语是 the earth 地球，“地球”被“看”，表被动，所以使用 see 的被动形式seen.
句 2 中的逻辑主语是 we 我们，“我们”看“地球”，表主动，所以使用 see 的主动形式seeing
判断非谓语的时间:在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，是进行,完成还是将来，
The building________ now will be a restaurant .
The building ________next year will be a restaurant.
The building________ last year is a restaurant .
A. to be built B.being built C.built
句1 中 now 说明大楼正在被建，故用表进行的现在分词 being built。
句 2 中 next year 说明大楼将在明年被建,故用表将来的不定式 to be built.句 3 中last
year 说明大楼已被建完，故用表完成的过去分词 built.
【过关检测】 (8mins)
1.Last night, there were millions.of people________( watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
2.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_______(thank) all the people who had helped in her career (2019 陕西)
3.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ______(take) good care of at home.(2020 陕西)
4.________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(2015 重庆)
5.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their.way_______ (use)the sun and the stars.(2019重庆)，
【基础练习】(10mins)
1.[2020 全国Ⅱ,65]They make great gifts and you see them many times_______( decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2.[2020 全国Ⅲ,69]And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____( surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
3.[2020 浙江,63]Later,they learned to work with the seasons. planting at the right time and, in dry areas，______(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
4.[2020 北京,5]It takes them hundreds of years ________l( break) down.
5.[2020 天津,4]_________(help)us prepare for the exam,the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
6.[2020 江 苏，31] Technological innovations，_________( combine)with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
7.[2020 浙江 1 月,57] The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30 - today it is 41 and is expected
__________(increase) to 42 by 2050.
8.[2019 全国 1,64]Modern methods...are expensive_________(perform) consistently over a large area.
9.[2019 全国Ⅱ,65]...she had no plans _______(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10.[2019 全国Ⅱ,68]When we got a call_________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
11.[2019 全国m,62]On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take___________(get)there.
12.[2019 天津,10]Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially__________( design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
13.[2018 全国Ⅲ,64 & 65]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid________( look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel________(challenge)
14.[2018 全 国Ⅱ,70] China's approach to protecting its environment while ______(feed)its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,"says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【巩固练习】(15mins)
单句语法填空
1.[2018 浙江 11 月,62]Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem______(call) caffeinism.
2.[2018 全国1,62]You don’t have to run fast or for long_________(see)the benefit.
3.[2018 北京,10]Ordinary soap，_______(use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.
4.[2018 江苏,26]Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,________( exceed) the expected number of12,000 held by market analysts.
5.[2018 全国 Ⅲ,70]Once his message was delivered,he allowed me ____(stay) and watch.
6.[2018 天津,7]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_________(take).
7.[2018 北京,3]________(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
8.[2018 浙江,59]I still remember________(visit)a friend who'd lived here for five years...
9.[2017 乙卷(全国 I),63]Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required_______(process) the food that we eat...
10.[2017 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),61]But unlike her school friends.,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term______(rest)
11.[2017 北京,27]Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _____(save) their valuable time.
12.[2017 北京,30]The national park has a large collection of wildlife,_________(range) from butterflies to elephants.
13.[2017 天津,10]1 was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train _______(catch)
14.[2017 丙卷(全国皿),65]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants______(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
15.[2016 四川,64]For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something_______(eat)!

单句改错
1.[2020 全国Ⅲ改错]I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things，we may become ill.
2.[2019全国田改错]If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.
3.[2019 全国川改错]Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
4.[2018 全国Ⅲ改错]Everyone was silent, wait to see who would..
5.[2018 全国Ⅱ改错]As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them,my parents would not let me.
6.[2016 甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
7.[2016 丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]1 showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
【拔高练习】
语法填空：(2020 河南许昌高级中学月考改编)
The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way 1_______(test) whether his men were reliable.
One day, he had a huge rock _2______(place)on a roadway at night. Then he hid himself nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. Some wealthy businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not3________(keep) the roads clear, but none of them would bother4(get)the big stone out of the way.
Then a villager came along5________(carry) a load of vegetables.On approaching the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden，6_________(try) hard to move the stone to the side of the road.After7______(push) many times,he finally succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables，he noticed a purse8__________(lie) in the road where the rock had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king，9________( say) that the gold was for the person who removed the huge rock from the road.
The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand:Every obstacle presents an opportunity10__________(improve)one's condition.
短文改错
[2021 哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试]During the holiday,I tried a new way to explore the Forbidden City,where left me with deep impression.To avoid waste time buying a ticket on the spot, made a reservation online.I got my ticket from a machine without difficulty and start the exploration. 1 was deep attracted by the grand architecture. To my excited,I could scan the QR codes to get detailed informations. With the VR glasses on,I even found me back to the time when the palace was under construction. How impressive!I found the Forbidden City both traditional or modern because of our history is made alive here.


























参考答案：
课前检测：
1.to find 2.coming 3.to care 4.to change 5.clapping 6.found 7.compared 8.listening 9.Learning 10.dying 11.to improve 12.preparing-prepare 13.say-saying 14.sell-selling
基础练习
1. decorated 2.surrounding 3.making 4.to break 5.To help 6.combined 7.to increase 8.to perform 9.to retire 10.saying 11.to get 12. designed 13.looking;challenged 14.feeding
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
1. called 2.to see 3.used 4.exceeding 5.to stay 6.taken 7.Travelling 8.visiting 9.to process 10.resting 11.to save 12.ranging 13.to catch 14.to prove 15.to eat
单句改错
1. forced 后加to 2.manage---managing 3.opens---open 4.wait---waiting 5.watching---watch 6.take---taking 7.wear---wearing
拔高练习：
语法填空：1.to test 2.placed 3.keeping 4.to get 5.carrying 6.trying 7.pushing 8.lying 9.saying 10. to improve
短文改错：
1.celebrated---celebrate 2.删除and 3.After---Before 4.how---what 5.stay---staying 6.farm前加the 7.were---was 8.Particular---Particularly 9.boring---bored 10.unless---until/before