第五章 形容词和副词精讲与精练（学生版+教师版）-2022届高考高三英语复习

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第五章 形容词和副词精讲与精练一、形容词和副词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空For many people,life is a lot [1]_____(easy) today.Medicine and diet are improving [2]______(quick),and people are getting [3]________(healthy) and living [4]______(long). But the area of life that is changing [5]___________(quickly) of all is communication. Fifty years ago, computers were much  [6]_______ (big) and less [7]_________ (power) than they are now. Today, we use the internet, so we can communicate [8]___________(easy) with friends all over the world.Not all the changes are [9]___________(well) ones. More people drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they aren’t as [10]_________(fitness) as they were. Traffic doesn’t just make the roads [11]_______ (crowd), it also makes pollution [12]__________ (bad). We must all think [13]_________(careful) about how we can use [14]___________ (little) energy. We must all work [15]_________ (hardly) to reduce pollution. 二、形容词考点精讲：形容词考点1、形容词的基本特征与功能1、作定语一般位于被修饰名词的前面（修饰不定代词时放在不定代词的后面）A sunny day阳光明媚的一天                a kind person 一个和蔼可亲的人A funny story 一个滑稽可笑的故事           classical music 古典音乐I have something interesting to tell you.以a开头的表语形容词(alive、afraid、alike、asleep)或形容词短语作定语时放在被修饰词的后面。a bottle filled with water 装满水的瓶子        the baby awake醒着的婴儿2、作表语用在系动词后面I’m feeling lonely.我感到孤独。  Mr. Yang is very strict with students.杨老师对学生非常严格。3、作补足语He found the house empty.他发现房子是空的。【宾语补足语】The house was found empty.房子被发现是空的。【主语补足语】I think it impossible for him to complete the work before the dark.我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成工作。 【宾语补足语】4、作状语：形容词作状语说明主语的状态Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest.又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。5、“The + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语或宾语，作主语时位于用复数。The new will take the place of the old. 新事物将代替旧事物。考点对练1:用所给词的适当形式填空1.The baby ___________(sleep) is Mrs Green’s son.2.The house ___________(fully) of smoke belongs to Mr. White.3.The man _______________(responsibility) for the trip is handsome.4.He is the person________________(awareness) of the danger.5.The river is twenty meters _____________(widely).=The river is twenty meters in _____________(wide).6.He is the most ________________(handsomely) man that I have ever met.7.If we know that gossip can be ___________(harm), then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip---the satisfaction it gives us.8.Little Tom sat __________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front him.9.The old ____________(be) more likely to catch cold than the young.10.The weather forecast says it will be ________(cloud) with a slight chance of rain later tonight.11.Listening is thus an active, not a ______________(passively), behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering. 形容词和副词考点2、-ed形容词和-ing形容词的用法-ed形容词表示“人感到如何的”，-ing形容词用来描写事物，表示“令人怎么样的”We were excited when we heard the exciting news.听到这个令人激动的消息，我们感到兴奋。常考的-ed形容词和-ing形容词
amazed（吃惊的）amused（愉悦的）annoyed（气恼的）astonished（惊讶的）bored（厌烦的）confused（困惑的）disappointed（失望的）discouraged（泄气的）embarrassed（尴尬的，感到为难的）excited（兴奋的）frightened（感到恐惧的）interested（感兴趣的）puzzled（困惑的）satisfied（满意的）shocked（感到震惊的）surprised（惊讶的）worried（担心的）amazing(令人吃惊的)amusing（有趣的）annoying（使人气恼的）astonishing（令人惊讶的）boring （厌烦的）confusing（令人困惑的）disappointing（令人失望的）discouraging（令人泄气的）embarrassing（令人为难的）exciting（令人兴奋的）frightening（令人恐惧的）interesting（有趣的）puzzling（令人困惑的）satisfying（令人满意的）shocking（令人震惊的，可怕的）surprising（令人惊讶的）worrying（令人担心的）
形容词和副词考点考点3、带有-ly后缀的形容词friendly友好的, deadly致命的,  lovely可爱的, lonely孤独的, likely可能的, lively生动的，活泼的, ugly丑陋的注意：下列词既可作形容词也可做副词daily每日的（地），日常的  weekly每周的（地），monthly每月的（地） yearly每年的(地) early早的（地）考点对练2:用所给词的适当形式填空The children were _______after the ________trip.（tire）Tom’s parents are _________ at his _____________ results of the exams.（disappoint）When hearing the_________ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were________to look at each other. （surprise）A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a___________ look on his face. （frighten）Aids is a ______________(dead) disease, so we should protect ourselves from it.It is___________( like) to rain in all parts of the country today.  三、副词考点精讲：副词考点考点1、副词的基本特征与功能1、副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语。He worked hard all his life.他一辈子工作努力。Fortunately. He was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.2、副词的构成规  则例  词1、在形容词后加“ly”entire--entirely curious-- curiously  exact--exactly  fortunate--fortunately   immediate-- immediately2、将形容词的词尾“le”变为“ly”comfortable—comfortably   gentle—gently   possible—possibly 3、辅音字母加“y”结尾的变y为“i加ly”busy—busily  easy—easily  heavy—heavily  angry—angrily hungry—hungrily  lucky—luckily   happy—happily4、特殊词true—truly5、本身就是副词fast  very  quite副词考点2、两种形式但意义不同的副词1、high(高)、highly(高度地)  They can jump high.                   They think highly of us.2、wide(宽)、widely(广泛地)  He opened his eyes wide.              English is widely used in the world.3、deep(深) 、deeply(深深地) They worked deep into late.             We were deeply moved by his words.4、hard(努力)、hardly(几乎不)  Study hard and you will make progress.    I can hardly recognize him.5、close(近地)、closely(紧紧地，密切地)  You’d better get close to him.            Watch closely.6、most(最,非常)、mostly(大部分地，主要地)  It’s a most interesting film.              The audience consisted mostly of women.7、late(晚，迟)、lately(最近)  You have come too late.                 What have you been doing lately.8、free(免费地)、freely(自由地)  You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.  You may speak freely; say what you like.考点对练3:用所给词的适当形式填空1.My sister can speak French ________________(fluent).  2.You can only do so if you_________ (true) believe it. 3.___________(unlucky),he got stuck in the traffic jam. 4.He pushed the stick _____________(depth) into the mud. 5.The boys are playing __________ (happy) with the games.  四、形容词副词比较级与最高级精讲1、比较级与最高级的构成构 成 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级① 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -eststrongstrongerstrongest② 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r 和-ststrangestrangerstrangest③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estsad
big
hotsadder
bigger
hottersaddest
biggest
hottest④ 少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词末尾加-er和-est(以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母， 把y变成i，再加-er和-est，以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)angry
clever
narrow
nobleangrier
cleverer
narrower
noblerangriest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mostdifficultmore
difficultmost
difficult 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式原 级比 较 级最 高 级good / well  better  bestbad / illworse  worstmany / muchmore  mostlittle lessleastfar  fartherfurtherfarthest (表距离)furthest (表程度)oldolder（年龄）elder（辈分）the elderly （老人）oldesteldest2、形容词副词比较级与最高级用法（1）as+原级+as 与....一样   He likes maths as much as he likes English.他喜欢数学就像他喜欢英语一样。 John works as hard as his brother.约翰工作和他哥哥一样努力。（2）not so/as+原级+as 与....不一样 I can not type as fast as you我打字没有你快。  This book is not as interesting as that one.这本书没有那本书有趣。（3）比较级+than....  Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿。（4）“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句”(如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如： Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known. （5）副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于副词最高级前定冠词the可以省略。如： He runs（the）fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。（6）比较级+and +比较级：越来越...... I’m convinced that our school will become better and better.我相信我们学校会越来越好。（7）the +比较级， the +比较级：越......，（就）越........ The harder you study, the more progress you will make. 你学习越努力，你取得的进步就会越大。（8）表示倍数的句型A:“… times ＋形容词 / 副词的比较级＋ than …”B:“… times +as + 形容词 / 副词的原级＋ as …”C:“… times + the + 名词（如： size， height， weight， length， width 等）＋ of …”D:“… times + what 从句”EG:This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。   This dictionary is five times as thick as the one you borrowed from the library. 这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本（厚度）的 5 倍This river is three times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍深The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 这条路的长度是三年前的 4 倍。考点对练4:用所给词的适当形式填空1、【2014·全国大纲卷改编】Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the __________(good) possible education.2、The number of people present at the 2016 Olympic Games was much_________(large)than expected. It is hard to book a ticket.3、This is ____________________(interesting) book that I have ever read.4、Shenzhou XI is by far ___________(advanced) man-made spaceship in Chinese astronomy.5、【2015·四川改编】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is _________(good) he has ever got.6、[2013·天津卷改编] I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________（many）meaningful things to do.  五、考点应考技巧：1、在语法填空题中，注意判断空格处充当什么句子成分, 在名词前作定语，系动词后作表语，宾语后面作宾语补足语时用形容词；作状语时用副词。2、在改错题中，注意形容词与副词是否用错，比较级、最高级与原级是否用错。3、注意标志性的词语以及上下文隐含的比较的含义：如than, as...as, more等。 六、考点精练(一)单句语法填空1.【2021·全国甲卷】After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what  45     (good) than to ride on a piece of history!  2.【2021·全国甲卷】but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their  50       (day) routines.  3.【2021·全国乙卷】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become   61        (educate)about the areas.4.【2021·全国乙卷】Provide   68     (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. 5.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】It will  58       (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 6.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59     (hot) the spring!  7.2021·新高考Ⅰ卷But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60        (astonish).8.【2021·浙江高考卷】When the house was built, it was much  39       （small）than it is today. 9.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Landing on the moon’s far side is 62    　 (extreme) challenging.10.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 　65　 the familiar near side.11.【(2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69　   ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 12.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Orange trees are more 64.       decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 13.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】 Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.66.       (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.14.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】The 69.      (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.15.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 　 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.16.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】As the small boat moved 68　  (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.17.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】In the 18th and 19th centuries, 　36  　(wealth)people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.18.【2020•浙江高考】Farming produced more food per person 　58  　hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.19.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　62   　 (poor) studied;20、【2018·全国I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ______(long) than non-runners. 21、【2018·全国I】While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life______ walking, cycling or swimming. 22、【2018·全国II】A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.23、【2018·全国II】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______ (globe)fertilizer consumption. 24、【2018·全国III】He screams the__________(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male (gorilla大猩猩) beats his chest and charges toward me. 25、【2018·浙江】The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be [1]_____(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even [2]______ (high) cost on your health. 26、【吉林长春2018届高三年级四模】And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb, “ ______ (well) late than never.” 27、【长沙市雅礼中学、河南省实验中学2018届高三联考】But while I was out of the room, Chip（鹦鹉名） climbed onto the bowl to have a taste but soon fell in and sank.______ (luck), Goldie（鹦鹉名）was on hand and stuck her face in the bowl to fish Chip out. 28、 【湖北襄阳四中2018届高三5月第四次模拟】It is [1]______ (increase) clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is partly because China skipped over the PC age and went directly to mobile. China has the [2]______ (large) mobile use in the world. 29、【河北石家庄二中2018届高三仿真模拟（一）】Official data show that the country’s digital economy added up to 22.58 trillion yuan last year, ranking second _______ (global) and accounting for around 30 percent of national GDP.   30、【河南郑州2018届高三下期第三次模拟】However, he(Stephen Hawking) went on to become one of the _____ (great) minds the world has ever known. 31.So get an early start and try to be as productive       possible before lunch.   (二)单句语法改错1.【2021年全国甲卷】In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.2.【2021年全国乙卷】What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. 【2020·全国卷I】Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.【2020·全国卷II】I’m surely you’ll have a good time. 【2020·全国卷III】In order to make surely all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us. 【2019·全国卷I】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. 【2019·全国卷I】I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. 【2019·全国卷II】First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. 【2019·全国卷II】I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. 【2019·全国卷II】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. 【2019·全国卷III】What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. 【2018·全国I】I felt happily that their life had improved. 【2018·全国III】I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.【2017全国I】I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 【2017全国II】In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden. 【2017全国II】They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. 【2017全国III】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. 【2016全国I】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 【2016全国II】I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. (三)形容词和副词语篇填空训练Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains [1]_______ much. It is not true. Through many studies,scientists show us that the [2]_______(much) you use your brain,the better it will be and the [3]________(clever) you’ll become. Of course, if you want to keep your mind [4]___________(clearly) and active, you must take a proper rest and study [5]__________(proper). To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is [6]________(well) for their health.There are many ways to rest.One is a [7]_________(peace) rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an [8]________(act) rest. For example, take a walk [9]___________(outdoor) and do more exercise every day. To change the way of brains’ activities is also a good way to rest.In everyday life, to eat some eggs,meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brain.Wish you a wise man and a [10]__________(happily) life.