第十二章 名词性从句精讲与精练（学生版+教师版）-2022届高考高三英语复习

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第十二章 名词性从句精讲与精练一、名词性从句讲前练：在空格处填入适当的词I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew [1] _______ he was. We wondered [2] ________ he was so hungry. We were surprised [3]_______ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted [4]________ the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked [5]_________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see [6]_________ he took out of a letter and a million pound bank note. I asked Mr. Clements [7]__________ it was genuine(adj. 真实的，真正的). Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued (发行，发布) by the Bank of England this year. He thought [8]________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake. [9]__________ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe [10]___________ excited I was. 二、名词性从句考点精讲：名词性从句考点1、名词性从句的判定 （判断下列句子中的从句是主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句还是同位语从句）1.We didn't know whether or not she was ready。2. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。3. China is not what it used to be.中国已不是过去的中国了。4. The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。结论：__________________________________________________________________________名词性从句考点2、名词性从句的引导词连接词含 义在从句中的成分that无含义不做成分Whether是否不做成分if是否不做成分As though好像，似乎不做成分As if 好像，似乎不做成分What(1)什么（2）所…的(东西,地方,人,话…) (3)多么…!主、宾、表Who谁主、宾、表Whom谁宾which哪一个、哪一些主、宾、表when什么时候时间状语where什么地方地点状语why为什么原因状语how(1)怎么样，如何(2)多么方式状语how many  多少（+可数名词） how much多少（+可数名词） how often多久一次（问频率）状语How soon多久以后状语Whatever…的一切；无论什么主、宾、表whichever…中的任何一个；无论哪一个主、宾、表whoever…中的任何一个人；无论谁主、宾、表whomever…中的任何一个人；无论谁宾语whosever无论谁的，无论…的定语 注意：用什么连接词连接从句主要看含义，同时分析句子成分帮助解题。名词性从句考点3、名词性从句的常必考点1、what与that的用法①what（什么，所…..的人/物/东西，多么）可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并且在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语(尤其注意what引导的从句可作介词宾语)，表“所…..的人/物/东西”时，相当于“名词或代词＋that/which引导的定语从句”；另外what不能引导定语从句。EG1:What he said was a fact.EG2:What is needed is a good text book.EG3:He is no longer what he used to be.②that在名词性从句中只引导从句，没有含义，不充当成分。如：That he said nothing at the meeting surprised us.[注]介词后不接that从句，除了in that...和except that...之外。that引导两个以上的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省。考点对练1：完成下列句子：①The school is no longer ________ it used to be.＝The school is no longer the one________ it used to be.②Finally he told us everything ________ he had seen.＝Finally he told us ________ he had seen.③They arrived in ________ was once a school.＝They arrive in the place ________ was once a school.④Don't care ________ others think about you.⑤Do you know ________ they do with waste paper?⑥_______the famous singer will come to our school next week excites all of us. 2、“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”的用法“疑问词＋ever”既可引导名词性从句，在主句中充当一定的成分，又可引导让步状从；但是“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。考点对练2：完成下列句子：①________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.________ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights.②He wouldn't listen to ________ I said.________ I said，he wouldn't listen to me.③Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interest.________ comes，you mustn't open the door.④As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.  3、if与whether的用法1). if和whether都可译为“是否”，两者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换。而以下几种情况中，只能用whether，不能用if：①强调两方面的选择，特别是whether后紧跟or not时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come.②宾语从句前置时。如：   Whether this is true，I can't say.③引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句)The question is whether he can do it. (表语从句)The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位语从句)④在介词之后作宾语时。如：Whether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain.⑤在不定式前与不定式一起组成短语时。如：  Whether to go or stay is still a question.[注]if可以引导条件状语从句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引导让步状语从句，有“不管；无论” 之意。如：If you ask him，he will help you.Whether he comes in time or late，we will begin our party on time.考点对练3-1：单句改错①He treated all the people around him, if he knew or he didn't know.②You have not yet answered my question if or not I can join in the party tonight.   ③Whether you have any question, don’t hesitate to ask me. 考点对练3-2：完成下列句子：①________ they are twins is clear.   —  ________ they are twins is not clear.②There is a question/an argument ____________ we have enough time to do it.③The problem is ________ he is poor at English. —The problem is ________ he can improve his English. 【答案】①That；Whether　②whether　③that；how/whether4、同位语从句和定语从句1) ①同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。连接词 that, which, when. where, why, how, whether, what等，引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope， thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，doubt，truth， word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。②定语从句是修饰或限定前面的名词。EG1: The news that we won the game excited us.EG2: The news that our English teacher told us excited us.2)  两种从句中that的用法：定语从句中的that是关系代词，既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。考点对练4：完成下列句子：①The news ________ he told us excited us.The news ________ our team won the game excited us.②The fact ________ he collected was surprising.The fact ________ he said nothing was surprising.③There is a chance/possibility ________ he will lose the game.＝________ are that he will lose the game.④Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 5、It is...和There is... It is...句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词、不定式或从句，而There is意为“有……”，有时be也可以用exist，remain等替代。考点对练5：用it，there填空：
①________ is a pity that he was absent.②________ is a fact that he has lied to you.③________is no wonder that he is so excited.④________ is no need to worry about it.⑤____is no sense/point (in) arguing with him.⑥________ is no doubt that he has gone.
 6、表语从句中的常见句型 常用的句型有： ①The reason is that......；含义为“原因是......”；that后接是reason的具体内容。常与定语从句同时考，构成句型：The reason why..... is that......, 此句型中why引导的是定语从句，而that引导的是表语从句。一定记住reason后的表语从句用that引导，而不是because。②It is because......；含义为“它是因为......”，because后接的是“it”发生的原因。③That's why......；含义为“那就是为什么......”，why后接的是“that”导致的结果。④That's where......; 含义为“那就是......的地方”。考点对练6：完成下列句子：①The reason ______ he is absent from school is ________ he is ill.＝He is ill. That's ________ he is absent from school.＝He is absent from school. That's ________ he is ill.②The reason ____ he gave was ___ he was caught in the traffic jam.  The reason ________he didn’t come to school today was _________ he was ill.③That's ____ the problem lies.That's _______the problem lies in. 三、名词性从句应考技巧：1、在语法填空题中，如果空格在句子的开头，则需考虑用连词，再根据句子结构判断属于什么从句，再根据含义及从句的特征判断用哪一个连词。2、在语法改错题中，主要关注从句与主句之间的逻辑关系，再者注意常考的连词的用法是否准确，如：although/though不与but连用，but与and的误用，because不与so连用，that与which的用法，what与that的用法等。 四、名词性从句考点精练(一)单句语法填空1.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】   56    is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2.【2020•浙江高考】Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on　57　could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 3.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 　61　 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.4.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than 　8　 they go.  【2021.3 天津卷单项选择改编】What puzzles Lily's friends is            she always has so many crazy ideas.6.【2020江苏高考真题改编】It is not a problem _____ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.7.【2020天津高考真题改编】The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.8.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空改编】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.9.【2018·天津·单项填空改编】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.10.【2018·江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.11.【2018·全国III】I'm not sure _______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 22.【2015全国II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly  _________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 23.【2014年广东卷】I didn’t understand _______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 24.【2012年广东卷】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ___________ the boy would do. 25．【2015·江苏卷】________Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.26．【2015·浙江卷】If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.27．【2015·重庆卷】We must find out________Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.28．【2015·安徽卷】A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not________ ships are built for.29．【2015·福建卷】—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.30．【2015·湖南卷】You have to know________you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.31．【2015·陕西卷】Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.32．【2014·山东卷】It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.33．【2014·重庆卷】—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?—Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities.34．【2014·四川卷】Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's ________ I was born.”(二)单句语法改错1.【2020·全国卷II】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. 2.【2020·全国卷III】 Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.3.【2018·全国卷I I】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.4.【2018·全国III】I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.  Key:划掉that5.【2016·全新课标I】My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Key:that→where6.【2016·全新课标II】My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. 7.【2015·全国II】After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 8. If he is fit for the job is unknown to all.  9. This is clear that it is much colder today than yesterday.10. That he told us at the gate was quite interesting. 11. I don’t doubt whether he will come in time. 12. It depends on if we have enough money.13. The reason why they were always poor was which they paid little attention to education.  14. It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.15. We express the hope which the Browns would come to China again. I know nothing about the accident except that I read in the newspaper.   17. The town is quite different from as it was 3 years ago.18.If this is true or not, I really don’t know.  19.What I have been admitted into the Beijing University excited me.  20.【2013全国II】But before long they began to see which was happening.  (二)名词性从句语篇填空训练Yesterday we went camping at the foot of the mountain. [1]________impressed us most was the beauty of the high mountain. There were a great many tourists visiting the mountain. There was no doubt [2]________they were attracted by the beauty of the mountain as well. During the camp, we found some waste thrown away by the tourists. [3]_________we were concerned about was [4]__________the tourist spot could be well reserved. We came up with an idea [5]________we called for the tourists to pay attention to protecting the environment and [6]_________they should put away the waste. That’s [7]_____________we did to protect the environment. Some of the tourists agreed [8]________it was important to protect the environment. [9]_________we can live in harmony with nature depends on [10]__________we take action to reduce the pollution.