微专题--特殊句式三(There be句型+省略) (考点清单+精讲+好题回顾) 2022届高考英语语法精讲精炼 （教师版+学生版）

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2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（特殊句式三 There be句型+省略）教师版 考点清单五、There be句型要点精讲1：There be 句型的主谓一致There be 句型表示“存在”概念，属于倒装句，there是引导词，在句中不作任何成分。be动词要和后面所跟名词保持人称和数的一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。例1：There is a knife and two pens in his pocket. 他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。例2：There are two pens and a knife in his pocket. 他的口袋里有两支钢笔和一把小刀。【即时训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。1. There __________(be) a magazine, a few letters and some newspapers on the table.【答案与解析】1. is。There be句型中动词要和后面所跟名词保持人称和数的一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。故答案是is。要点精讲2：There be 句型的时态There be 句型的时态主要通过be动词的变化来体现，时态比较灵活。be动词前还可以加上can, may, must, ought to, seem to等情态动词或动词短语。例3：There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。例4：There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。例5：There must be some cakes on the table. 桌子上一定有些蛋糕。例6：There seems to be an announcement about the project.   关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。2. What a pity, my new computer doesn't work. __________ must be something wrong with it. 3. Let’s get through the work quickly. __________ seems to be little time left now. 【答案与解析】2. There。这是There be…句型的变式，be动词前加上情态动词。故答案是There。3. There。这是There be…句型的变式，be动词前加上短语seem to。故答案是There。要点精讲3：There be 句型的变式There be结构中的be有时可用表示“存在”概念的动词替代，使句子表达更生动、更形象。这些动词有come, exist, follow, lie, live, remain, stand等。例7：Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 从前中国有一个国王。例8：There lies a small village in the mountain. 山里有个小村子。例9：There exist many ancient temples in the country. 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。4. __________ appeared to be a war between his heart and his mind. 5. John opened the door. There __________(stand) a girl he had never seen before. 6. __________ existed some doubt among the students as to whether an English teacher should organize teaching totally in English.【答案与解析】4. There。这是There be…句型的变式，be动词前加上表示“存在”概念的动词appeared to。故答案是There。5. stood。这是There be…句型的变式，表示“存在”概念的动词stood替换be动词。故答案是stood。6. There。这是There be…句型的变式，表示“存在”概念的动词existed替换be动词。故答案是There。要点精讲4：There be 句型用于反意疑问句There be 句型用于反意疑问句，附加问句用there。例10：There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there? 邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？例11：There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there? 附近要建一家新医院，是吗？【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。7. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is __________? 【答案与解析】7. there。There be 句型用于反意疑问句，附加问句用there；陈述部分含有否定意义单词little，因此附加问句用肯定形式。故答案是there。要点精讲5：There be 句型与非谓语连用①there be 句型中谓语之外出现多个动词应考虑使用非谓语。主语与动词是主动关系时, 动词用现在分词形式；是被动关系时，动词用过去分词形式。②there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义；当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。例12：There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。例13：There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。例14：There is nothing to do at present. 没有事可做。例15：There is nothing to be done at present. 没有办法 (束手无策)。【即时训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。8. Although there were lots of difficulties __________(overcome), she never let her problems defeat her. 【答案与解析】8. to overcome。本句中There be…句型后边需要非谓语动词，同时该动作尚未发生，又可以找到其逻辑主语she，因此应用主动形式。故答案是to overcome。要点精讲6：There to be两种用法①用于“动词+there+ to be”句型，用作动词的复合宾语。常见的动词有：want, expect, hope, wish, would like, prefer等。例16：Would you like there to be a picture on the wall?　你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗？例17：I expect there to be great fun in the game. 我希望游戏中有很大的乐趣。②用于“It is+ adj.+ for +there+ to be…”句型，构成不定式的复合结构。例18：It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能在有机会了。例19：It was too late for there to be any buses. 　时间太晚，不会有汽车了。【即时训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。9. We don't want there __________(be) any student falling behind.　10. He said it was impossible for there __________(be) a mistake in a computer’s calculation, so you can rely on that.【答案与解析】9. to be。这是“动词+there+ to be”句型，该句意为：我们不想有学生掉队。故答案是to be。10. to be。这是“It is+ adj.+ for +there+ to be…”句型，该句意为：他说电脑计算不可能存在错误，因此你可以相信这一点。故答案是to be。要点精讲7：There being两种用法①There being用于独立主格结构作状语，相对于一个状语从句。例20：There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。例21：There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself. 由于身边没有别人，我只得自己干了。②There being用于某些动词或介词之后作宾语。常见的动词有：deny, appreciate, mind, imagine, admit等。例22：She denied there being any misunderstanding between them. 她否认他们之间有任何误会。　例23：I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。【即时训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。11. There __________(be) no coffee left, they had to make do with tea. 12. There __________(be) neither gas nor electricity at home, we had to go to the nearest restaurant to have lunch.【答案与解析】11. being。这是There being用于独立主格结构作状语，相对于一个状语从句As there was no coffee left。故答案是being。12. being。这是There being用于独立主格结构作状语，相对于一个状语从句。故答案是being。要点精讲8：含There be…的高频句型①There is no point/ sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。②There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……。③There is no need for sb. to do sth...  某人没有必要做某事。④There is no difficulty/ trouble in doing sth. 做某事没有困难。⑤There is no possibility that … 没有可能……。⑥There is no denying that…不容否认的是……。例24：There is no point in hiding the truth for the sake of friendship. 为了友谊而掩盖真相也毫无意义。例25：There is no denying that China is playing an important part in the world. 不可否认中国已在世界上占举足轻重的地位。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。13. There is no doubt __________ it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.14. Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, there is no __________(stop) him.【答案与解析】13. that。There is no doubt that….是固定句型，表示“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。故答案是that。14. stopping。There is no doing…也是特殊There be…句式，动名词短语作主语，语气较强。故答案是stopping。考点清单六、省略要点精讲1：介词的省略要点精讲1：①省略介词类动词短语：spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事；be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事；prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事；have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难；have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难；There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用；have fun (in) doing做……开心。②另外，this, that, next, last后接时间名词时，前边省略介词。例25：She is occupied looking after 3 children. 她忙于照料3个孩子。例26：The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。15. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam. 16. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV. 17. You can’t imagine what a hard time she had __________(raise) the four children. 18. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. 【答案与解析】15. passing。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。16. watching。spend…(in) doing花费时间做某事，介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。17. raising。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。18. 去掉第二个in。this, that, next, last后接时间名词时，前边省略介词。next year直接作时间状语。故答案是去掉第二个in。要点精讲2：动词不定式的省略①感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to；下列句型常省略不定式符号to：may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth? prefer to do…rather than do sth, would rather do…than do…等。例27：We saw a boy pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个男孩经过。例28：Why not join us in the game? 为什么不和我们一块玩游戏呢？【即时训练】单句改错。19. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 20. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 21. They had no choice but sleep in the open air.【答案与解析】19. 去掉to。let sb do sth表示“让某人做事”，故答案是去掉to。20. 去掉to。do nothing but do是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。21. sleep前加to。have no choice but to do sth是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”。故答案是sleep前加to。②在特定上下文中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号to。例29：I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里，但又不得不去。【即时训练】单句改错。22. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.  23.—Will Mr Brown come, too?—Yes. He promised, but he hasn’t turned up yet.【答案与解析】22. 去掉do。在特定上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。23. promised后加to。结合语境答语意思是：是的，他答应要来，但是还没有出现呢。故答案是promised后加to。要点精讲3：状语从句的省略①状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。②从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系，用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。例30：Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 除非有必要，你最好不要查字典。例31：While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。例32：The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个展览比预计的有趣很多。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。24. No child shall be, unless ______________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.25. Anyone, once __________(test) positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.26. While __________(do) my homework at home, I heard my name called.【答案与解析】24. accompanied。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是accompanied。25. tested。动词test与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是tested。26. doing。动词do与句子主语构成逻辑上主动关系，故用现在分词。故答案是doing。要点精讲4：宾语从句中的省略①一个句子含有两个宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，第二个不能省略。例33：I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助，我们应该帮助他。②省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分，用so或not代替。  例34：—Is he coming back tonight? 今天晚上他要回来吗？—I think so. 我认为是这样的。例35：—Is he feeling better today? 今天他觉得好点了吗？—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27. —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?—I don’t believe _______.28. —Do you think we’ll tell him the bad news?— Of course, I hope ______.【答案与解析】27. so。这里so替代上文宾语从句it’s going to rain over the weekend。故答案是so。28. not。这里I hope not表示“我不希望你告诉他这个坏消息”。故答案是not。要点精讲5：定语从句中的省略①在定语从句中，当先行词在句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词that/which/whom。例36：This is the book (that/which) I’m looking for. 这是我在寻找的那本书。例37：The boy (who/whom) you are talking with is my friend. 和你谈话的那个男孩是我的朋友。②定语从句先行词是the way并在从句充当方式状语时，定语从句用in which 或that引导，其中that可以省略。例38：I appreciate the way (that) she organized the meeting. 我喜欢她组织这个会议的方法。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。29. Among the many dangers what sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.30. What surprised me was not what he said but the way which he said it.  【答案与解析】29. 去掉what或者what改为that/which。本句中定语从句谓语动词face缺少宾语，关系代词作宾语由可以省略，故答案是去掉what或者what改为that/which。30. 去掉which或者which改为that。本句中the way是定语从句先行词，并作从句的方式状语，故答案是去掉which或者which改为that。 好题再练（一）模拟试题【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1. Although________ (beat) by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other.  2. There         (remain) a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.  3.  It isn’t cold enough for there __________(be) a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely. 4. __________(be) there no air, there would be no life on the earth. 5. __________ happened to be no one in the building when the fire broke out. 6.  We left the meeting, there obviously __________(be) no point in staying.7. These flowers will die unless ________ (water) every day.8. Though ________ (warn) of the danger, Jack still went swimming in the lake. 9. Though ________ (lack) in confidence, Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last. 10. He stopped and looked around as if ________ (see) whether he went in the right direction.【答案】1. beaten 2. remains 3. to be 4. Were 5. There 6. being 7. watered 8. warned 9. lacking 10. to see  好题再练（二）单句改错【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。11. --Is everyone here?--Not yet. …Look, there comes the rest of our guests!  12. He said, “It is a long way to school. It is a long way to go yet before we arrive.”13. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither is it any end to their influence on man’s lives. 14. We can't carry on the experiment unless being given enough financial support.15. She found her lost ring while folded clothes.16. While walked along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.17. It seems to have been great difficulty in turning out excellent graduates. 18. It is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled. 19. There is no point argue with him, since he has already made up his mind. 20. When combining with alcohol, some medicine can have extremely dangerous side effects.【答案】11. comes改为come 12. 第二个It改为There 13. it改为there 14.去掉being 15.folded改为folding 16. walked改为walking 17. It改为There 18. It改为There 19. argue改为arguing 20. combining改为combined