2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：阅读填空（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：阅读填空（含答案），共30页。
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：阅读填空
一．阅读填空（共10小题）
1．（2021•宝应县二模）Many people don't know what to do in face of a decision，big or small.Most decisions aren't life changers.But often，the decision isn't between this or that：it's between acting or not.If this challenges you ，here are some tips.
    Jog or ride a bike to nowhere.Just start moving in hopes of leaving the familiar.Walk down every street or path you can find until you lose your way.Then，see where you end up.Remember what it felt like to wonder where you were going？Try to lose yourself more often.It'll make you better at making a decision.
    Sit outside without any technology for an hour.Let yourself get bored.Can you hear the birds singing？The wind blowing？Yourself breathing？Try to do this once a week，then every other day，then every day.One of the reason we find it hard to make better decisions is that we keep getting attracted to new things.A break from the noise will lead you to the decision you need to make.
    Do something that scares you.People who have trouble making decisions fear mistakes.Tell someone you love them.Laugh out loud in a public pace.Give a speech to a stranger.And when you do this，remember how you feel.When you're sacred by a risky situation the next time，tell yourself that you didn't lie.And try to trust the process in the future.
    Some of these things may seem silly，but the more you do them，the more you'll control yourself.It doesn't mater where you're going.Just go.Once you start moving，you can always change direction.
 
The art of making（1）　   　
Introduction
People often have to decide if they will（2）　   　.
Tips  
Going for a jog or a bike（3）　   　
*Start moving to leave the familiar and get（4）　   　.
*Do it more often and it will make you（5）　   　at making a decision.
Stay outside with（6）　   　technology
*Do something outside to get yourself bored.
*Be away from the（7）　   　for a while daily and you will make better decisions.
Do something that scares you
*Remember your（8）　   　when you do these scary things.
*Trust the process in the future.
Conclusion
*The more you do，the more in（9）　   　you'll feel.
*Stop worrying about which（10）　   　to go and just start moving.
2．（2021•洪洞县二模）请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在下面的横线上填入与文章意思最符合的单词，并 将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。
    Questions about the "main idea" of a passage are popular in reading tests.Sometimes those questions are very difficult to answer.Many students are not completely sure they understand what the main idea really is.Finding the main idea of a passage is one of the most important reading skills.Try the tips to find the main idea of a passage.
    Identify（识别）the topic
    Read through the passage completely，then try to identify the topic.Who or what is the paragraph about？This part is just telling us a topic like "cause of World War I".Don't need to worry about what argument the passage is making about this topic.
    Summarize（概括）the passage
    After reading the passage，summarize it in your own words in one sentence.If you have just ten to twelve words tell someone what the passage is about—what would you say？
    Look at the first and last sentences of the passage
    Writers often put the main idea in or near either the first or last sentence of the paragraph or article.Be careful：sometimes the writer will use words like but，however，in contrast，etc.That shows that the second sentence is actually the main idea.If you see one of these words，that is a clue（线索）that the second sentence is the main idea.
    Look for repetition（重复）of ideas
    Sometimes you read through a passage and don't how to summarize it.Because there is so much information.You can start looking for repeated words，phrases.or related ideas.Sometimes a writer expresses the main idea indirectly.The reader need to look at specific（具体的）words or sentences that are used and repeated—to infer（推断）what the writer is writing.
How to find the main idea
Novels，essays，short stories，poems，and news articles all have a main idea.It is（1）　   　to be able to find the main idea for reading test.Here are some tips you can use.
Tips
Identify the topic
Read the（2）　   　passage and try to recognize the topic sentence.Don't need to worry about what the argument of this passage is in this topic.
Summarize the passage
（3）　   　reading the passage，try to give a summary of it in your own words by using one sentence.
（4）　   　at the first and last sentences of the passage
Writers often put the main idea in or near either the first or last sentence of the paragraph or article.In order to find the clue of the topic sentence easily，you should be careful not to miss words like but，however，in contrast，etc.
Search for repetition of ideas
Sometimes the writer doesn't write the main idea（5）　   　.So you should look closely at specific words，phrases，sentences or related ideas that are used and repeated to infer the writer's opinion.
3．（2021•丹东一模）Mobile phones have become popular for both adults and teenagers.Today most of the teenagers own a mobile phone.
 Parents have realized that mobile phones are useful for their children as they make the children safer.Teenagers spend most of their time outside and so parents are always worried about their whereabouts （行踪），With mobile phones，parents feel comfortable and they no longer need to wonder if their teenager is going to be late or is having a problem.Teenagers are allowed to call their parents and ask for help if they are in trouble.
 But this can also add up costs of their mobile bills.As we know，teenagers enjoy talking on the phone and sending messages to their friends，and parents may end up paying high bills.Another disadvantage is that teenagers lose their mobile phones quite often.So they need to be responsible and use their mobile phones carefully.Most parents agree that though teenagers want to have a mobile phone，they should use them safely.
 When children use mobile phones，the following things should be noted：
    ☆ No mobile phone use should be allowed during class.
    ☆ No ringing mobile phones or loud ring tones.
    ☆ Headphones should be offered to the teenagers.
Teenagers use mobile phones.
Advantage
Mobile phones make the children safer.
Parents can know （1）　   　 at any time.
Parents can know if their child is going to be late or is having a problem.
Teenagers can call their parents and ask for help if they are in trouble.
Disadvantages
Using mobile phones （2）　   　.
Teenagers （3）　   　 because of their carelessness.
（4）　   　
Teenagers （5）　   　 when they are having classes
No ringing mobile phones or loud ring tones.
Teenagers should use headphones.
4．（2021•扬州一模）An online forum themed on the symbiotic relationship between theatre culture and city development will be held today in Taicang city，East China's Jiangsu province.
    The event is initiated by the Silk Road International League of Theaters，and this is the first time the organization is holding an international forum in the Yangtze River Delta since its launch in 2016.
Theater is a vital part of a city's public cultural infrastructure，its relationship with the city reflects the links between culture and society in general.For citizens，theater is spiritual place as well as a carrier of public cultural services，which also instills a trace of warmth to the concrete and steel of a city.
    Apart from the government officials of Taicang city，important members of the Silk Road International League of Theaters from Asia，Europe and the Mediterranean region will also join the forum，together they will pitch in their thoughts on the interactive relations between theater and city，and how the two can achieve mutual development.
    Taicang is not only a city that boasts a long history and a rich traditional culture，it was the departure port for the central government's grain supply in the Yuan Dynasty （1271﹣1368），as well as a logistics hub for overseas trade.Taicang Port was where Zheng He （1371﹣1435），the great Chinese navigator and explorer，started his voyages to the Indian Ocean during the Ming Dynasty （1368﹣1644）.Today，over 80 shipping routes along the Yangtze River are connected to Taicang Port，making it a transit hub for domestic trade.The port also possesses 25 near﹣sea shipping routes that connect to countries and regions along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
    Initiated by the China Arts and Entertainment Group，the Silk Road International League of Theaters serves as a large multinational platform for performing arts，which aims to promote culture exchanges and improve artistic levels.By November last year，the organization had 130 members from 45 countries and regions across the world.
Tittle：Online forum to explore relations between theater and city
Introduction
•An online forum themed on the symbiotic relationship between theatre culture and city development will take （1）　   　 today in Taicang city，which has a long
（2）　   　 as well as rich tradition culture.
•This is the first time the organization is holding an （3）　   　 forum since 2016.
Details
•Theater's relationship with the city （4）　   　 for the relationship between （5）　   　 and the whole society.
•Theater gives people （6）　   　 in the steel city.
•Important members of the Silk Road around the （7）　   　 join the forum，hoping for the （8）　   　 of theater and city
•Taicang connects the trade between home and （9）　   　 in ancient times.
（10）　   　
•The Silk Road International League of Theaters aims to promote culture exchanges and improve artistic levels.
5．（2021•南京模拟）Noisy neighbors are a common problem in a society where many people live closely together. And this can be most important when you share walls， floors or ceilings with neighbors in a flat. A noisy neighbor can make life challenging， especially if noise goes well into night， or happens during early morning hours. This situation needs to be dealt with properly， which requires your ability to keep calm.
    You should first try to tell your noisy neighbors about the noise. This conversation should be polite， even friendly. It can begin with a statement like. "I am not sure you are aware". Explain the problem in an honest way， and ask the neighbor to turn down the music， or not to hold parties until 3 a.m. You can also add that you realize they hear your noise too， and you are certainly willing to try to stop anything in your behavior that is creating extra noise.
    You should know that not all neighbors are going to follow your requirement， and some may act in a bad manner. If the noisy neighbors don't change their behavior， the next step should be to write the neighbors a letter. The letter should show your grievances （不满） and the dates when the noise was quite terrible. For example， if your neighbor has loud gatherings every Friday night that last into the early morning then write down those dates.
    When the noise remains going on， you should report it to local authorities （权力部门）， or even the police department， when it is really necessary. Often， however， the problem is solved when the noisy neighbor knows you are going to call the police.
    Do be aware that you cannot always require noisy neighbors to be quiet. When the noise remains going on， it is wise not to deal with it in an angry or retaliatory （报复性的） fashion. If you have completed the steps and letter， don't start hitting walls or floors around in your home or turning up the music to make your neighbors angry. Just have patience and remember that communication is the most important.
Introduction
A noisy neighbor makes life challenging， but the problem needs to be dealt with（1）　   　.
（2）　   　
（3）　   　with your neighbor
Start the conversation with politeness.
Explain the problem（4）　   　， and ask the neighbor to
reduce noise.
Admit （承认） that you make noise too， and promise not to（5）　   　your neighbor any more.
Writing letters
Some neighbors won't（6）　   　your requirement or change their behavior.
Show your grievances and the（7）　   　when the noise was quite terrible.
Reporting to local authorities
If the noise（8）　   　， you should report it to local authorities when really necessary.
Usually， the problem will be（9）　   　 when the noisy neighbor knows you will call the police.
Conclusion
Don't deal with the problem in an angry or retaliatory fashion.
Keep（10）　   　and try to talk with your neighbors.
6．（2022•成都模拟）Manners are all about making other people feel comfortable by the way we behave.It's thinking of others and how they perceive（看待） us.The following tips on how to act in social situation can help you better to do in the adult world.
     Tip 1
     It's not hard to be a gentleman.Just treat others the way you'd like to be treated.You're probably already doing many of them，like saying "please" and "thank you."
    Don't interrupt（打断）.Wait until you're sure others have finished speaking before adding your own thoughts.
     At meals.Always wait until everyone is seated and served before you start eating.And never talk with your mouth full.
     Tip 2
     Your first impression starts with how you greet people.It's their first opportunity to get to know you.
    Be sure to introduce everyone in your group so they feel comfortable.If it's your first time meeting someone，you should stand，shake hands，and say， "I'm glad to meet you." A handshake is the only nice physical contact in most work settings.
     Tip 3
     One basic rule is you shouldn't text or play with your phone when you're supposed to be paying attention to someone.Silence your phone，i﹣pad or others when you're anywhere its ringing and alerts would be disturbing（打扰） to others：movies，concert，library，etc.
     Tip 4
     There are some general manner rules for clothing.For example，you shouldn't wear a hat indoors unless you're at a sporting event or something similar.It's also important to know what to wear for different occasions（场合）.Even with business﹣clothes，your clothing should be clean and formal.
 
Some tips about （1）　   　
 
 
     （2）　   　Manners
You should say "please" and "thank you"（3）　   　
Say something after（4）　   　
Wait until everyone is seated and served before you start eating.
 
 
      First Impression
In order to make everyone comfortable，you should （5）　   　.
When you meet someone for the first，it's important to（6）　   　.
 
      Modern Manner
You should  （7）　   　when（8）　   　，or it will disturbing to others.
       （9）　   　
Different occasions， （10）　   　
7．（2019•丹阳市模拟）Lots of kids like to play computer and mobile games these days． Is this good or bad for us？ How do we deal with this issue？
    In my opinion， playing games responsibly （负责任地） can help us relax． As the old saying goes， "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．" For example， when I finish five days of studying， I feel tired． That's when I like to play a game called King of Glory with my classmates． We all have lots of fun playing and talking about it． When we win， we feel happy． And when we lose， we still want to play more． I think that's why so many students in our school like to play this game． It can not only help us relax， but also strengthen （加深） our friendship．
    In addition， playing games can exercise our brains and help us think more quickly． When we start to play a new game， we're not very good at it． But we can get better through practice． This process exercises our brains and makes them more active． However， you should make sure that you have finished all of your homework before you play games．
Still， some students seem like they are addicted （上瘾的） to games． They can't control themselves and will play games for five hours a day． That is not good． It's bad for not only their eyes， but also their health． They will feel tired in class the next day， which will affect （影响） their studies． That's not very responsible．
    Therefore， I can only say that we should try to be self﹣disciplined （自律的） and responsible when working out how much time we should spend playing video games．
 
阅读以上信息，用恰当的词完成下面的表格，每空一词．
Title：  Are computer games good or bad？
Advantages
● Helping us relax
We may feel tired after five （1）　   　hard work at school， we can have a great time playing and talking about games．
● Exercising our brains
We can practice more when starting to play a new game which we aren't good at． This process can make our brains more active．
 （2）　   　
● Doing （3）　   　to our health
A few students， who seem to be （4）　   　about games， can't control themselves and will spend five hours a day playing games．
● Affecting our studies
As a result， the students will feel sleepy in class the next day after playing games for a long time．
Conclusion
We should try to be self﹣disciplined and responsible when working out how （5）　   　
we should spend playing video games．
8．（2021•扬州）Reading is fun!You can also analyze texts（文本）to learn more from the texts and about the texts.One way you can do this with fiction books，passages，or poems is by exploring their themes.
    A theme is a central idea running throughout the text，connecting the characters and events.The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme.Themes can be ideas like friendship，bravery，love，honesty or family.Make sure you know what the writer is saying.
    Sometimes，themes are hard to find out.First，the theme may not be able to be included in just one word like the examples above.There may also be more than one theme in the text.What's more，some themes are not presented in the words directly.You have to use clues in the texts to find them.
    To start exploring the theme，first you need to make sure you've read the whole text.Since themes develop over time，you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text.Then，ask yourself to sum up（概括）the text and try to work out a "big idea".For example，did many characters resolve problems with their families？If there was only one small problem with a character's family，then "family" might not be the theme of the text.Finally，after finding out a "big idea"，go through the text to find examples that support this idea.You needn't repeat every detail of the story﹣a few key examples will be fine.
    Now you are ready to explore the theme of a text!
 
Exploring the （1）　   　of a text
Main points
Detailed information
（2）　   　is a theme？
● A theme is a（3）　   　idea that connects the characters and events.
● The （4）　   　thoughts are possibly expressed through the theme.
Why is it （5）　   　to find the theme？
●You might not （6）　   　the theme in just one word.
●There may also be more than one theme in the text.
● Some themes are not presented in a（7）　   　way.
How can you explore the theme？
●Read the text till the （8）　   　to fully understand the themes.
●Work out a "big idea" of the text by summing up the text.
●Find some key examples to （9）　   　the "big idea".It's not （10）　   　to repeat every detail.
 
9．（2019•阜新）Maciek Czastka was born in Lodz，Poland．He came to China several years ago．So far，he has been working in Chengdu for three years．
"The Belt and Road Initiative（一带一路的倡议）is meaningful，"he said．"Thanks to it，we are offered more chances．"The most powerful support for Chengdu to thrive（兴盛）along the Belt and Road is the Chengdu﹣Europe express railway（高速铁路）．It provides direct train services between Chengdu and the city of Lodz．Because of the express railway，trains can bring things from China to Europe．At the same time，they can bring back European food，wine，meat and so on．In 2016，a total of 460 trains ran between Chengdu and Europe．The number is expected to grow to 1，000 this year．
Since the Chengdu﹣Lodz express railway was opened，Chengdu，together with other cities in west China，has developed close trade ties with the European country．Poland is one's of the largest apple producers in Europe．Czastka's company helps farmers in Poland sell their apples to China．More and more European products will be sent to China in the future．
The Belt and Road Initiative is meaning．
About Maciek Czastka
 
◆Born：（56）　   　
◆Workplace：In Chengdu
◆Working in Chengdu：Since（57）　   　ago
The most powerful support for Chengdu
 
It's the Chengdu﹣Europe express railway．In 2016，a total of（58）　   　trains ran between Chengdu and Europe．This year it will grow to 1，000．
The advantages of"the Chengdu﹣Europe
express railway"
 
1．The Chengdu﹣Europe express railway provides
（59）　   　between  Chengdu and the city of Lodz．
2．Chengdu，together with other cities in west china，has developed（60）　   　with the
European country．
 
10．（2021•房县模拟）阅读短文，根据其内容，补全下面表格，每空答案不超过两个词。
 The Orkney Islands are not very far away from the north coast of Scotland.They are mostly low﹣laying，except for Hoy which has the highest sea cliff（峭壁）in Britain.The land and the climate（气候）are good in Orkney，so there are a lot of farms.
To get to Orkney you have to fly or go by boat.Ships bring passengers coming from Aberdeen every week.They also bring food，machines and so on.Most Orkney farmers feed cows or sheep.Because of this，grass is very important on the islands.One of the islands has sheep which eat sea plants instead of grass—they are small，but very strong and healthy.
Many people in the Orkney Islands are fishermen.Some get a long way out to sea to catch large fish，while others catch shellfish like crabs（螃蟹）and lobsters（龙虾）near the shore.The islanders cook the crab meat and then pack it and send it to the mainland.They do not cook the lobsters.They send them alive to restaurants in many of the large cities of Europe.Most of the islands have their own schools，but of course some of them are very small—with only one group of children from five to ten years old.In fact，there are very few young people at all on the quietest islands.Usually they go to the main town of Kirkwall，living modern lives.
Some people come from the other parts of Britain to find a quiet life on the islands.Everyone is very friendly and they all know each other.Things are changing slowly，but the old way of life still continues.Maybe you'll like it too.
Something about The Orkney Island
Location &Elevation
（位置&海拔）
The Orkney Islands are not very far away from the （1）　   　coast of Scotland.
Most of them are low﹣laying except for Hoy which has the （2）　   　sea cliff in Britain.
Transportation
You can go there by boat or fly there.
Ships bring（3）　   　coming from Aberdeen every week.
Farming &Fishing
Cows or sheep （4）　   　by most Orkney farmers.
Fishermen get a long way out to sea to catch large fish，while others catch crabs and lobsters near the shore.
The islanders cook the crab meat and then pack it and send it to the mainland.They send lobsters （5）　   　to restaurants in many of the large cities of Europe.

2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：阅读填空（10题）
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读填空（共10小题）
1．（2021•宝应县二模）Many people don't know what to do in face of a decision，big or small.Most decisions aren't life changers.But often，the decision isn't between this or that：it's between acting or not.If this challenges you ，here are some tips.
    Jog or ride a bike to nowhere.Just start moving in hopes of leaving the familiar.Walk down every street or path you can find until you lose your way.Then，see where you end up.Remember what it felt like to wonder where you were going？Try to lose yourself more often.It'll make you better at making a decision.
    Sit outside without any technology for an hour.Let yourself get bored.Can you hear the birds singing？The wind blowing？Yourself breathing？Try to do this once a week，then every other day，then every day.One of the reason we find it hard to make better decisions is that we keep getting attracted to new things.A break from the noise will lead you to the decision you need to make.
    Do something that scares you.People who have trouble making decisions fear mistakes.Tell someone you love them.Laugh out loud in a public pace.Give a speech to a stranger.And when you do this，remember how you feel.When you're sacred by a risky situation the next time，tell yourself that you didn't lie.And try to trust the process in the future.
    Some of these things may seem silly，but the more you do them，the more you'll control yourself.It doesn't mater where you're going.Just go.Once you start moving，you can always change direction.
 
The art of making（1）　decisions　
Introduction
People often have to decide if they will（2）　act　.
Tips  
Going for a jog or a bike（3）　ride　
*Start moving to leave the familiar and get（4）　lost　.
*Do it more often and it will make you（5）　better　at making a decision.
Stay outside with（6）　no　technology
*Do something outside to get yourself bored.
*Be away from the（7）　noise　for a while daily and you will make better decisions.
Do something that scares you
*Remember your（8）　feeling　when you do these scary things.
*Trust the process in the future.
Conclusion
*The more you do，the more in（9）　control　you'll feel.
*Stop worrying about which（10）　way（s）　to go and just start moving.
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】文章主要讲述了正确做决定的几个方法。
【解答】（1）decisions.考查名词。根据文章首句"Many people don't know what to do in face of a decision，big or small."可知，许多人不知道面对大或小决定时该做什么，所以标题The art of making______，可推断出空处是decisions，参考固定搭配：make decisions做决定。故答案为：decisions。
（2）act.考查动词。根据文章首段第二句"But often，the decision isn't between this or that：it's between acting or not"可知，通常在决定不是在这个和那个之间，而是在行动与不行动之间，空句"People often have to decide if they will______"，人们通常要决定的是是否他们将会……，这里填入act，表示行动，符合文意。故答案为：act。
（3）ride.考查名词。根据第二段首句" Jog or ride a bike to nowhere."慢跑或骑自行车去任何地方，参考固定搭配：ride a bike，其同义表达为：a bike ride。故答案为：ride。
（4）lost.考查形容词。根据第二段第三和第四句"Just start moving in hopes of leaving the familiar.Walk down every street or path you can find until you lose your way."可知，开始行动，希望能离开你熟悉的地方。沿着你能找到的每条街道或小路走下去，直到你迷路为止，结合固定搭配get lost，迷路。故答案为：lost。
（5）better.考查形容词。根据第二段最后一句"Try to lose yourself more often.It'll make you better at making a decision."可知，试着更频繁地迷失自我。这会让你更好地做决定，直接填入better即可。故答案为：better。
（6）no.考查副词。根据第三段第一句" Sit outside without any technology"可知，坐在外面，不要使用任何科技产品，本句用同义句来表达就是：Stay outside with no technology，直接填入no。故答案为：no。
（7）noise.考查名词。根据第三段最后一句"A break from the noise will lead you to the decision you need to make."可知，远离喧嚣会让你做出你需要做的决定，be away from noise是a break from the noise的同义表达。故答案为：noise。
（8）feeling.考查名词。根据第四段第三句"And when you do this，remember how you feel"可知当你这样做的时候，记住你是如何感受的，同义表达为：remember your feeling，记住你的感受，feeling，作名词，表示感受。故答案为：feeling。
（9）control.考查动词。根据最后一段第一句"but the more you do them，the more you'll control yourself."可知，但你做得越多，你就越能控制自己，这里用了一个固定句式：the more...，the more...，意为越……就越……。故答案为：control。
（10）way.考查名词。根据文章尾段最后两句"It doesn't mater where you're going.Just go.Once you start moving，you can always change direction."可知，你去哪里并不重要。那就去吧。一旦你开始移动，你总是可以改变方向。这里指的就是路，way；which way to go，意为走哪条路。故答案为：way。
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
2．（2021•洪洞县二模）请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在下面的横线上填入与文章意思最符合的单词，并 将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。
    Questions about the "main idea" of a passage are popular in reading tests.Sometimes those questions are very difficult to answer.Many students are not completely sure they understand what the main idea really is.Finding the main idea of a passage is one of the most important reading skills.Try the tips to find the main idea of a passage.
    Identify（识别）the topic
    Read through the passage completely，then try to identify the topic.Who or what is the paragraph about？This part is just telling us a topic like "cause of World War I".Don't need to worry about what argument the passage is making about this topic.
    Summarize（概括）the passage
    After reading the passage，summarize it in your own words in one sentence.If you have just ten to twelve words tell someone what the passage is about—what would you say？
    Look at the first and last sentences of the passage
    Writers often put the main idea in or near either the first or last sentence of the paragraph or article.Be careful：sometimes the writer will use words like but，however，in contrast，etc.That shows that the second sentence is actually the main idea.If you see one of these words，that is a clue（线索）that the second sentence is the main idea.
    Look for repetition（重复）of ideas
    Sometimes you read through a passage and don't how to summarize it.Because there is so much information.You can start looking for repeated words，phrases.or related ideas.Sometimes a writer expresses the main idea indirectly.The reader need to look at specific（具体的）words or sentences that are used and repeated—to infer（推断）what the writer is writing.
How to find the main idea
Novels，essays，short stories，poems，and news articles all have a main idea.It is（1）　difficult　to be able to find the main idea for reading test.Here are some tips you can use.
Tips
Identify the topic
Read the（2）　complete　passage and try to recognize the topic sentence.Don't need to worry about what the argument of this passage is in this topic.
Summarize the passage
（3）　After　reading the passage，try to give a summary of it in your own words by using one sentence.
（4）　Look　at the first and last sentences of the passage
Writers often put the main idea in or near either the first or last sentence of the paragraph or article.In order to find the clue of the topic sentence easily，you should be careful not to miss words like but，however，in contrast，etc.
Search for repetition of ideas
Sometimes the writer doesn't write the main idea（5）　directly　.So you should look closely at specific words，phrases，sentences or related ideas that are used and repeated to infer the writer's opinion.
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】文章主要介绍了几个了解文章主旨大意的方法。
【解答】（1）difficult.考查形容词。根据第一段第二句"Sometimes those questions are very difficult to answer."可知，有时那些关于主旨大意的问题还挺难回答的，空处缺乏形容词作表语来说明，填入difficult，"It is difficult to be able to find the main idea for reading test."，句意为找到阅读测试的主旨大意是很难的，前后者意思一致。故答案为：difficult。
（2）complete.考查形容词。根据第二段第一句"Read through the passage completely，then try to identify the topic."完整地通读文章，然后尽力找出话题所在，空处为"Read the______passage and try to recognize the topic sentence."……地读文章，然后尽力识别中心句，意思是一致的，complete，作形容词，意为完全的，完整的，符合题意。故答案为：complete。
（3）After.考查介词。根据第三段第一句" After reading the passage，summarize it in your own words in one sentence."读完文章后，用一句自己的话来总结，空处直接填入after，注意句首要大写。故答案为：After。
（4）Look.考查动词。根据第五段标题Look for repetition of ideas，寻找重复的大意，可知空处直接填入look即可，注意标题句首要大写。故答案为：Look。
（5）directly.考查副词。根据文章末段倒数第二句"Sometimes a writer expresses the main idea indirectly"可知，有时一个作者不会直接表达主旨大意，空处句子"Sometimes the writer doesn't write the main idea______"意为有时作者不会……写出主旨大意。indirectly，副词，意为间接地；这里空处用副词directly，直接地，来修饰空前的doesn't write，与文章意思一致。故答案为：directly。
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
3．（2021•丹东一模）Mobile phones have become popular for both adults and teenagers.Today most of the teenagers own a mobile phone.
 Parents have realized that mobile phones are useful for their children as they make the children safer.Teenagers spend most of their time outside and so parents are always worried about their whereabouts （行踪），With mobile phones，parents feel comfortable and they no longer need to wonder if their teenager is going to be late or is having a problem.Teenagers are allowed to call their parents and ask for help if they are in trouble.
 But this can also add up costs of their mobile bills.As we know，teenagers enjoy talking on the phone and sending messages to their friends，and parents may end up paying high bills.Another disadvantage is that teenagers lose their mobile phones quite often.So they need to be responsible and use their mobile phones carefully.Most parents agree that though teenagers want to have a mobile phone，they should use them safely.
 When children use mobile phones，the following things should be noted：
    ☆ No mobile phone use should be allowed during class.
    ☆ No ringing mobile phones or loud ring tones.
    ☆ Headphones should be offered to the teenagers.
Teenagers use mobile phones.
Advantage
Mobile phones make the children safer.
Parents can know （1）　their children's whereabouts　 at any time.
Parents can know if their child is going to be late or is having a problem.
Teenagers can call their parents and ask for help if they are in trouble.
Disadvantages
Using mobile phones （2）　costs too much　.
Teenagers （3）　often lose their phones　 because of their carelessness.
（4）　Advice　
Teenagers （5）　can't use mobile phones/aren't allowed to use mobile phones　 when they are having classes
No ringing mobile phones or loud ring tones.
Teenagers should use headphones.
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】文章介绍了青少年使用手机的利和弊，并给出了一些建议。
【解答】细节理解题
（1）their children's whereabouts.根据Teenagers spend most of their time outside and so parents are always worried about their whereabouts （行踪），青少年大部分时间都在户外，所以父母总是担心他们的行踪。可知，父母可以随时知道孩子的下落。故填their children's whereabouts
（2）costs too much.根据As we know，teenagers enjoy talking on the phone and sending messages to their friends，and parents may end up paying high bills.正如我们所知，青少年喜欢打电话和给他们的朋友发信息，而父母可能最终会支付高昂的费用。可知，使用移动电话 成本太高。故填costs too much.
（3）often lose their phones.根据Another disadvantage is that teenagers lose their mobile phones quite often.可知，青少年经常因为他们的粗心丢失他们的手机。故填often lose their phones.
（4）Advice 根据表格右栏对应的内容，可知是一些建议。故填advice.
（5）can't use mobile phones.根据No mobile phone use should be allowed during class.可知，青少年不能在上课时使用手机。故填can't use mobile phones.
【点评】答题时要先通读全文，了解大意，然后根据语境以及上下文逐一作答。要考虑句型，语法，固定搭配等因素。最后通读一遍，逐一验证答案。
4．（2021•扬州一模）An online forum themed on the symbiotic relationship between theatre culture and city development will be held today in Taicang city，East China's Jiangsu province.
    The event is initiated by the Silk Road International League of Theaters，and this is the first time the organization is holding an international forum in the Yangtze River Delta since its launch in 2016.
Theater is a vital part of a city's public cultural infrastructure，its relationship with the city reflects the links between culture and society in general.For citizens，theater is spiritual place as well as a carrier of public cultural services，which also instills a trace of warmth to the concrete and steel of a city.
    Apart from the government officials of Taicang city，important members of the Silk Road International League of Theaters from Asia，Europe and the Mediterranean region will also join the forum，together they will pitch in their thoughts on the interactive relations between theater and city，and how the two can achieve mutual development.
    Taicang is not only a city that boasts a long history and a rich traditional culture，it was the departure port for the central government's grain supply in the Yuan Dynasty （1271﹣1368），as well as a logistics hub for overseas trade.Taicang Port was where Zheng He （1371﹣1435），the great Chinese navigator and explorer，started his voyages to the Indian Ocean during the Ming Dynasty （1368﹣1644）.Today，over 80 shipping routes along the Yangtze River are connected to Taicang Port，making it a transit hub for domestic trade.The port also possesses 25 near﹣sea shipping routes that connect to countries and regions along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
    Initiated by the China Arts and Entertainment Group，the Silk Road International League of Theaters serves as a large multinational platform for performing arts，which aims to promote culture exchanges and improve artistic levels.By November last year，the organization had 130 members from 45 countries and regions across the world.
Tittle：Online forum to explore relations between theater and city
Introduction
•An online forum themed on the symbiotic relationship between theatre culture and city development will take （1）　place　 today in Taicang city，which has a long
（2）　history　 as well as rich tradition culture.
•This is the first time the organization is holding an （3）　international　 forum since 2016.
Details
•Theater's relationship with the city （4）　stands　 for the relationship between （5）　culture　 and the whole society.
•Theater gives people （6）　warmth　 in the steel city.
•Important members of the Silk Road around the （7）　world　 join the forum，hoping for the （8）　development　 of theater and city
•Taicang connects the trade between home and （9）　abroad　 in ancient times.
（10）　Conclusion　
•The Silk Road International League of Theaters aims to promote culture exchanges and improve artistic levels.
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】文章讲述了丝绸之路的历史、影响以及现如今的状况。
【解答】（1）place 考查名词。根据第一段An online forum themed on the symbiotic relationship between theatre culture and city development will be held today in Taicang city，East China's Jiangsu province.
，可知，今天，一个以戏剧文化与城市发展共生关系为主题的网络论坛将在太仓市举行。take place举行，will+动词原形。故填place.
（2）history 考查名词。根据第五段Taicang is not only a city that boasts a long history and a rich traditional culture，可知，太仓市有着悠久的历史和丰富的传统文化。故填history.
（3）international  名词形容词。根据第二段this is the first time the organization is holding an international forum in the Yangtze River Delta since its launch in 2016.可知，这是该组织自2016年以来首次举办国际论坛。故填international.
（4）stands 考查动词。根据第三段Theater is a vital part of a city's public cultural infrastructure，its relationship with the city reflects the links between culture and society in general.戏剧是城市公共文化基础设施的重要组成部分，其与城市的关系反映了文化与社会的总体联系。可知，戏剧与城市的关系代表了文化与整个社会的关系。stand for代表……，时态是一般现在时，主语是单数，接动词第三人称单数形式。故填stands.
（5）culture 考查名词。根据第三段Theater is a vital part of a city's public cultural infrastructure，its relationship with the city reflects the links between culture and society in general.戏剧是城市公共文化基础设施的重要组成部分，其与城市的关系反映了文化与社会的总体联系。可知，戏剧与城市的关系代表了文化与整个社会的关系。culture是不可数名词。故填culture.
（6）warmth 考查名词。根据第三段theater is spiritual place as well as a carrier of public cultural services，which also instills a trace of warmth to the concrete and steel of a city.剧场既是一种精神场所，也是一种公共文化服务的载体，它也为城市的钢筋混凝土注入了一丝温暖。可知，在钢铁之城，剧院给人以温暖。故填warmth.
（7）world 考查名词。根据第四段important members of the Silk Road International League of Theaters from Asia，Europe and the Mediterranean region will also join the forum，来自亚洲、欧洲和地中海地区的丝绸之路国际戏剧联盟的重要成员也将参加论坛。可知，丝绸之路在世界各地的重要成员参加论坛。around the world世界各地。故填world.
（8）development 考查名词。根据第四段they will pitch in their thoughts on the interactive relations between theater and city，and how the two can achieve mutual development.他们将探讨戏剧与城市的互动关系，以及两者如何实现共同发展。可知，丝绸之路的重要成员希望促进戏剧和城市的发展。故填development.
（9）abroad 考查副词。根据第五段 it was the departure port for the central government's grain supply in the Yuan Dynasty （1271﹣1368），as well as a logistics hub for overseas trade.在元朝（1271﹣1368），它是中央政府粮食供应的出港港，也是海外贸易的物流枢纽。可知，太仓在古代连接着国内外的贸易。故填abroad.
（10）Conclusion 考查名词。根据表格右栏对应的内容The Silk Road International League of Theaters aims to promote culture exchanges and improve artistic levels.丝绸之路国际剧院联盟旨在促进文化交流，提高艺术水平。可知，这是总结全文。故填Conclusion.
【点评】阅读填空题型，要抓住文章的大意，挑出信息词，根据要求，结合语境，运用正确的语法写出答案。
5．（2021•南京模拟）Noisy neighbors are a common problem in a society where many people live closely together. And this can be most important when you share walls， floors or ceilings with neighbors in a flat. A noisy neighbor can make life challenging， especially if noise goes well into night， or happens during early morning hours. This situation needs to be dealt with properly， which requires your ability to keep calm.
    You should first try to tell your noisy neighbors about the noise. This conversation should be polite， even friendly. It can begin with a statement like. "I am not sure you are aware". Explain the problem in an honest way， and ask the neighbor to turn down the music， or not to hold parties until 3 a.m. You can also add that you realize they hear your noise too， and you are certainly willing to try to stop anything in your behavior that is creating extra noise.
    You should know that not all neighbors are going to follow your requirement， and some may act in a bad manner. If the noisy neighbors don't change their behavior， the next step should be to write the neighbors a letter. The letter should show your grievances （不满） and the dates when the noise was quite terrible. For example， if your neighbor has loud gatherings every Friday night that last into the early morning then write down those dates.
    When the noise remains going on， you should report it to local authorities （权力部门）， or even the police department， when it is really necessary. Often， however， the problem is solved when the noisy neighbor knows you are going to call the police.
    Do be aware that you cannot always require noisy neighbors to be quiet. When the noise remains going on， it is wise not to deal with it in an angry or retaliatory （报复性的） fashion. If you have completed the steps and letter， don't start hitting walls or floors around in your home or turning up the music to make your neighbors angry. Just have patience and remember that communication is the most important.
Introduction
A noisy neighbor makes life challenging， but the problem needs to be dealt with（1）　properly　.
（2）　Ways　
（3）　Talking　with your neighbor
Start the conversation with politeness.
Explain the problem（4）　honestly　， and ask the neighbor to
reduce noise.
Admit （承认） that you make noise too， and promise not to（5）　affect　your neighbor any more.
Writing letters
Some neighbors won't（6）　follow　your requirement or change their behavior.
Show your grievances and the（7）　dates　when the noise was quite terrible.
Reporting to local authorities
If the noise（8）　continues　， you should report it to local authorities when really necessary.
Usually， the problem will be（9）　solved　 when the noisy neighbor knows you will call the police.
Conclusion
Don't deal with the problem in an angry or retaliatory fashion.
Keep（10）　patient　and try to talk with your neighbors.
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】文章主要讲了很吵的邻居会让生活充满挑战，但是要合理处理它，具体告诉我们一些方法去解决。
【解答】（1）properly.考查副词。根据第一段This situation needs to be dealt with properly， which requires your ability to keep calm，结合空缺处，可知需要用一个副词properly.故答案为properly.
（2）Ways.考查名词。根据第二段第三段的内容，可知这是介绍具体的方法，如第二段You should first try to tell your noisy neighbors about the noise.就是对应第一个方法，结合空缺处，需要用名词复数Ways表示"方法"故答案为Ways.
（3）Talking.考查动名词。根据第二段You should first try to tell your noisy neighbors about the noise. This conversation should be polite， even friendly，可知先要与你的邻居交流，结合空缺处，可知需要用固定搭配talk with sb表示"与某人谈话"，需要用动词talk，结合表格中其他方法的表达，动词需要用动名词，用talking.放句首，首字母要大写，所以用Talking.故答案为Talking.
（4）honestly.考查副词。根据第二段 Explain the problem in an honest way.可知要用一种诚实的方式来解释问题，结合空缺处，需要填入一个副词，表示"诚实地"，用honestly.故答案为honestly.
（5）affect.考查动词。根据第二段You can also add that you realize they hear your noise too， and you are certainly willing to try to stop anything in your behavior that is creating extra noise.可知你也会意识到他们也听到了你们的噪音，且你肯定也愿意不去做那些会制造其他噪音的任何行为。结合空缺处，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"影响"，用affect.结合固定搭配promise not to do sth表示"承诺不做某事"，所以用动词原形affect.故答案为affect.
（6）follow.考查动词。根据第三段You should know that not all neighbors are going to follow your requirement， and some may act in a bad manner.结合空缺处，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"遵循"，用follow.前面有won't，所以用动词原形，用follow.故答案为follow.
（7）dates.考查名词。根据第三段The letter should show your grievances （不满） and the dates when the noise was quite terrible，可知需要填入名词复数dates表示"日期"。故答案为dates.
（8）continues.考查动词。根据第四段When the noise remains going on， you should report it to local authorities （权力部门）， or even the police department， when it is really necessary.可知如果噪音继续的话，应该向权利部门报告。结合空缺处，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"继续"，用continue.结合主语是the noise.所以动词需要用三单形式，用continues.故答案为continues.
（9）solved.考查动词。根据第四段 Often， however， the problem is solved when the noisy neighbor knows you are going to call the police，可知空缺处需要用solved，构成will be solved表达一般将来时的被动语态，故答案为solved.
（10）patient.考查形容词。根据最后一段Just have patience and remember that communication is the most important，可知需对待邻居耐心且沟通。结合空缺处，可知需要用一个形容词，表示"耐心的"，用patient.构成keep+adj表示"保持……"。故答案为patient.
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
6．（2022•成都模拟）Manners are all about making other people feel comfortable by the way we behave.It's thinking of others and how they perceive（看待） us.The following tips on how to act in social situation can help you better to do in the adult world.
     Tip 1
     It's not hard to be a gentleman.Just treat others the way you'd like to be treated.You're probably already doing many of them，like saying "please" and "thank you."
    Don't interrupt（打断）.Wait until you're sure others have finished speaking before adding your own thoughts.
     At meals.Always wait until everyone is seated and served before you start eating.And never talk with your mouth full.
     Tip 2
     Your first impression starts with how you greet people.It's their first opportunity to get to know you.
    Be sure to introduce everyone in your group so they feel comfortable.If it's your first time meeting someone，you should stand，shake hands，and say， "I'm glad to meet you." A handshake is the only nice physical contact in most work settings.
     Tip 3
     One basic rule is you shouldn't text or play with your phone when you're supposed to be paying attention to someone.Silence your phone，i﹣pad or others when you're anywhere its ringing and alerts would be disturbing（打扰） to others：movies，concert，library，etc.
     Tip 4
     There are some general manner rules for clothing.For example，you shouldn't wear a hat indoors unless you're at a sporting event or something similar.It's also important to know what to wear for different occasions（场合）.Even with business﹣clothes，your clothing should be clean and formal.
 
Some tips about （1）　how to act in social situation　
 
 
     （2）　Gentle　Manners
You should say "please" and "thank you"（3）　the way you'd like to be treated.　
Say something after（4）　others have finished speaking　
Wait until everyone is seated and served before you start eating.
 
 
      First Impression
In order to make everyone comfortable，you should （5）　introduce everyone in your group　.
When you meet someone for the first，it's important to（6）　shake hands　.
 
      Modern Manner
You should  （7）　silence your phone，i﹣pad or others　when（8）　you're anywhere　，or it will disturbing to others.
       （9）　general rules for clothing　
Different occasions， （10）　wear right clothes　
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】礼仪就是通过我们的行为让别人感到舒适。这是对他人的思考以及他们看待我们。文章介绍关于如何在社交场合行动的建议可以帮助你在成人世界中更好地行动。
【解答】（1）how to act in social situation根据The following tips on how to act in social situation can help you better to do in the adult world.以下关于如何在社交场合行动的建议可以帮助你在成人世界中更好地行动。可知文章关于如何在社交场合采取行动的一些建议。故填how to act in social situation。
（2）Gentle根据 It's not hard to be a gentleman.Just treat others the way you'd like to be treated.做一个绅士并不难。以你希望被对待的方式对待别人。可知建议一主要是绅士行为。故填Gentle。
（3）the way you'd like to be treated根据Just treat others the way you'd like to be treated.以你希望被对待的方式对待别人。故填the way you'd like to be treated。
（4）others have finished speaking根据Wait until you're sure others have finished speaking before adding your own thoughts.等到你确定其他人已经发言完毕，再添加你自己的想法。故填others have finished speaking。
（5）introduce everyone in your group根据Be sure to introduce everyone in your group so they feel comfortable.一定要介绍小组中的每个人，让他们感到舒服。故填introduce everyone in your group。
（6）shake hands根据If it's your first time meeting someone，you should stand，shake hands，and say， "I'm glad to meet you." A handshake is the only nice physical contact in most work settings.如果这是你第一次见到某人，你应该站起来，握手，然后说："很高兴见到你。"在大多数工作场合，握手是唯一一种良好的身体接触。故填shake hands。
（7）silence your phone，i﹣pad or others根据Silence your phone，i﹣pad or others when you're anywhere its ringing and alerts would be disturbing（打扰） to others：movies，concert，library，etc.当你在任何地方时，手机、i﹣pad或其他设备都会静音，它的铃声和警报会打扰他人：电影、音乐会、图书馆等。故填silence your phone，i﹣pad or others。
（8）you're anywhere根据Silence your phone，i﹣pad or others when you're anywhere its ringing and alerts would be disturbing（打扰） to others：movies，concert，library，etc.当你在任何地方时，手机、i﹣pad或其他设备都会静音，它的铃声和警报会打扰他人：电影、音乐会、图书馆等。故填you're anywhere。
（9）General rules根据There are some general manner rules for clothing.着装有一些一般的礼仪规则。故填General rules。
（10）wear right clothes根据It's also important to know what to wear for different occasions（场合）.知道在不同场合穿什么也很重要。故填wear right clothes。
【点评】答题时要先通读全文，了解大意，然后根据语境以及上下文逐一作答。要考虑句型，语法，固定搭配等因素。最后通读一遍，逐一验证答案。
7．（2019•丹阳市模拟）Lots of kids like to play computer and mobile games these days． Is this good or bad for us？ How do we deal with this issue？
    In my opinion， playing games responsibly （负责任地） can help us relax． As the old saying goes， "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．" For example， when I finish five days of studying， I feel tired． That's when I like to play a game called King of Glory with my classmates． We all have lots of fun playing and talking about it． When we win， we feel happy． And when we lose， we still want to play more． I think that's why so many students in our school like to play this game． It can not only help us relax， but also strengthen （加深） our friendship．
    In addition， playing games can exercise our brains and help us think more quickly． When we start to play a new game， we're not very good at it． But we can get better through practice． This process exercises our brains and makes them more active． However， you should make sure that you have finished all of your homework before you play games．
Still， some students seem like they are addicted （上瘾的） to games． They can't control themselves and will play games for five hours a day． That is not good． It's bad for not only their eyes， but also their health． They will feel tired in class the next day， which will affect （影响） their studies． That's not very responsible．
    Therefore， I can only say that we should try to be self﹣disciplined （自律的） and responsible when working out how much time we should spend playing video games．
 
阅读以上信息，用恰当的词完成下面的表格，每空一词．
Title：  Are computer games good or bad？
Advantages
● Helping us relax
We may feel tired after five （1）　days　hard work at school， we can have a great time playing and talking about games．
● Exercising our brains
We can practice more when starting to play a new game which we aren't good at． This process can make our brains more active．
 （2）　disadvantages　
● Doing （3）　harm　to our health
A few students， who seem to be （4）　addicted　about games， can't control themselves and will spend five hours a day playing games．
● Affecting our studies
As a result， the students will feel sleepy in class the next day after playing games for a long time．
Conclusion
We should try to be self﹣disciplined and responsible when working out how （5）　long　
we should spend playing video games．
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】本篇文章主要是探究玩电脑游戏和手机游戏是好还是坏？正确的玩游戏可以帮助我们放松并且锻炼我们的大脑并帮助我们更快地思考，但是沉溺游戏就是有害的，我们应该努力自律，并负责制定出我们应该花多少时间玩电子游戏．
【解答】（1）days；考查名词；根据语境"For example， when I finish five days of studying， I feel tired．例如，当我完成五天的学习，我感到疲倦．故答案是days．
（2）disadvantages；根据语境"That is not good那不好，可知说的是缺点．故答案是disadvantages．
（3）harm；考查名词；根据语境It's bad for not only their eyes， but also their health．不仅对他们的眼睛有害，而且对他们的健康也有害．可只是对..有害  do  harm  to．故答案是harm．
（4）addicted；考查形容词；根据语境" some students seem like they are addicted （上瘾的） to games，有些学生看起来像是沉溺于游戏．故答案是addicted．
（5）long；考查形容词；根据语境" Therefore， I can only say that we should try to be self﹣disciplined （自律的） and responsible when working out how much time we should spend playing video games， 因此，我只能说，我们应该努力自律，并负责制定出我们应该花多少时间玩电子游戏．how much time，可以理解为how long ，故答案是long．
【点评】此题考查阅读填空，在理解文章意思基础上，结合语境，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．
8．（2021•扬州）Reading is fun!You can also analyze texts（文本）to learn more from the texts and about the texts.One way you can do this with fiction books，passages，or poems is by exploring their themes.
    A theme is a central idea running throughout the text，connecting the characters and events.The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme.Themes can be ideas like friendship，bravery，love，honesty or family.Make sure you know what the writer is saying.
    Sometimes，themes are hard to find out.First，the theme may not be able to be included in just one word like the examples above.There may also be more than one theme in the text.What's more，some themes are not presented in the words directly.You have to use clues in the texts to find them.
    To start exploring the theme，first you need to make sure you've read the whole text.Since themes develop over time，you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text.Then，ask yourself to sum up（概括）the text and try to work out a "big idea".For example，did many characters resolve problems with their families？If there was only one small problem with a character's family，then "family" might not be the theme of the text.Finally，after finding out a "big idea"，go through the text to find examples that support this idea.You needn't repeat every detail of the story﹣a few key examples will be fine.
    Now you are ready to explore the theme of a text!
 
Exploring the （1）　theme　of a text
Main points
Detailed information
（2）　What　is a theme？
● A theme is a（3）　central　idea that connects the characters and events.
● The （4）　writer's　thoughts are possibly expressed through the theme.
Why is it （5）　hard/difficult　to find the theme？
●You might not （6）　include　the theme in just one word.
●There may also be more than one theme in the text.
● Some themes are not presented in a（7）　direct　way.
How can you explore the theme？
●Read the text till the （8）　end　to fully understand the themes.
●Work out a "big idea" of the text by summing up the text.
●Find some key examples to （9）　support　the "big idea".It's not （10）　necessary　to repeat every detail.
 
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】阅读是有趣的，我们可以通过分析文本、探索主题来帮助阅读。本文向我们介绍了探索主题的方法。
【解答】（1）theme 考查名词。根据"To start exploring the theme"可知，是探索主题，故填theme.
（2）What 考查代词。根据"A theme is a central idea running throughout the text，connecting the characters and events."可知，本栏主要叙述什么是主题，故填What.
（3）central 考查形容词。根据"A theme is a central idea running throughout the text，connecting the characters and events."可知，主题是贯穿全文的中心思想，故填central.
（4）writer's 考查名词所有格。根据"The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme."可知，作者可以通过一个主题来表达他对人性或世界观的想法，即作者的想法，故填writer's.
（5）hard/difficult 考查形容词。根据"Sometimes，themes are hard to find out."可知，有时候，主题很难找到，故填hard/difficult.
（6）include 考查动词。根据"First，the theme may not be able to be included in just one word like the examples above."可知，主题可能不能仅仅用一个词来表达。故填include.
（7）direct 考查形容词。根据"What's more，some themes are not presented in the words directly."可知，有些主题并没有直接呈现在文字中，作定语修饰way，用形容词，故填direct.
（8）end 考查名词。根据"Since themes develop over time，you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text."可知，因为主题是随着时间发展的，直到文章的结尾你可能才完全理解潜在的主题。故填end.
（9）support 考查动词。根据"Finally，after finding out a ‘big idea'，go through the text to find examples that support this idea."可知，要通过阅读文本找到支持这个想法的例子，不定式to后跟动词原形，故填support.
（10）necessary 考查形容词。根据"You needn't repeat every detail of the story﹣a few key examples will be fine."可知，你不需要重复故事的每一个细节，即"没有必要"，necessary必要的，在句中作表语，故填necessary.
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
9．（2019•阜新）Maciek Czastka was born in Lodz，Poland．He came to China several years ago．So far，he has been working in Chengdu for three years．
"The Belt and Road Initiative（一带一路的倡议）is meaningful，"he said．"Thanks to it，we are offered more chances．"The most powerful support for Chengdu to thrive（兴盛）along the Belt and Road is the Chengdu﹣Europe express railway（高速铁路）．It provides direct train services between Chengdu and the city of Lodz．Because of the express railway，trains can bring things from China to Europe．At the same time，they can bring back European food，wine，meat and so on．In 2016，a total of 460 trains ran between Chengdu and Europe．The number is expected to grow to 1，000 this year．
Since the Chengdu﹣Lodz express railway was opened，Chengdu，together with other cities in west China，has developed close trade ties with the European country．Poland is one's of the largest apple producers in Europe．Czastka's company helps farmers in Poland sell their apples to China．More and more European products will be sent to China in the future．
The Belt and Road Initiative is meaning．
About Maciek Czastka
 
◆Born：（56）　in Lodz，Poland　
◆Workplace：In Chengdu
◆Working in Chengdu：Since（57）　three years　ago
The most powerful support for Chengdu
 
It's the Chengdu﹣Europe express railway．In 2016，a total of（58）　460　trains ran between Chengdu and Europe．This year it will grow to 1，000．
The advantages of"the Chengdu﹣Europe
express railway"
 
1．The Chengdu﹣Europe express railway provides
（59）　direct train services　between  Chengdu and the city of Lodz．
2．Chengdu，together with other cities in west china，has developed（60）　close trade ties　with the
European country．
 
【考点】阅读填空；人物故事类阅读．
【分析】本文通过来自波兰的Maciek Czastka的视角，讲述了"一带一路"给中国和欧洲各大城市带来了很多便利，促进了国家之间的贸易和经济往来．
【解答】56．in Lodz，Poland，阅读填空，根据Maciek Czastka was born in Lodz，Poland，Maciek Czastka出生在波兰罗泽市，可知答案为in Lodz，Poland．
57．three years，阅读填空，根据So far，he has been working in Chengdu for three years到目前为止，她在中国已经工作了三年，可知是在三年前来中国的，现在完成时常与for和since引导的句子连用，for+时间段；since+时间点，在现在完成时中，两者可以转换：for three years＝since three years ago，故答案为three years．
58.460，阅读填空，根据In 2016，a total of 460 trains ran between Chengdu and Europe．2016年，成都和欧洲间共有460列火车，可知答案为460．
59．direct train services，阅读填空，根据It provides direct train services between Chengdu and the city of Lodz．在成都和罗泽市之间，提供直达的列车服务，可知答案为direct train services．
60．close trade ties，阅读填空，根据Chengdu，together with other cities in west China，has developed close trade ties with the European country．成都和中国西部的其他城市，已经同欧洲国家发展了紧密的贸易关系，可知答案为close trade ties．
【点评】阅读填空题型，要抓住文章的大意，挑出信息词，根据要求，结合语境，运用正确的语法写出答案．
10．（2021•房县模拟）阅读短文，根据其内容，补全下面表格，每空答案不超过两个词。
 The Orkney Islands are not very far away from the north coast of Scotland.They are mostly low﹣laying，except for Hoy which has the highest sea cliff（峭壁）in Britain.The land and the climate（气候）are good in Orkney，so there are a lot of farms.
To get to Orkney you have to fly or go by boat.Ships bring passengers coming from Aberdeen every week.They also bring food，machines and so on.Most Orkney farmers feed cows or sheep.Because of this，grass is very important on the islands.One of the islands has sheep which eat sea plants instead of grass—they are small，but very strong and healthy.
Many people in the Orkney Islands are fishermen.Some get a long way out to sea to catch large fish，while others catch shellfish like crabs（螃蟹）and lobsters（龙虾）near the shore.The islanders cook the crab meat and then pack it and send it to the mainland.They do not cook the lobsters.They send them alive to restaurants in many of the large cities of Europe.Most of the islands have their own schools，but of course some of them are very small—with only one group of children from five to ten years old.In fact，there are very few young people at all on the quietest islands.Usually they go to the main town of Kirkwall，living modern lives.
Some people come from the other parts of Britain to find a quiet life on the islands.Everyone is very friendly and they all know each other.Things are changing slowly，but the old way of life still continues.Maybe you'll like it too.
Something about The Orkney Island
Location &Elevation
（位置&海拔）
The Orkney Islands are not very far away from the （1）　north　coast of Scotland.
Most of them are low﹣laying except for Hoy which has the （2）　highest　sea cliff in Britain.
Transportation
You can go there by boat or fly there.
Ships bring（3）　passengers　coming from Aberdeen every week.
Farming &Fishing
Cows or sheep （4）　are fed　by most Orkney farmers.
Fishermen get a long way out to sea to catch large fish，while others catch crabs and lobsters near the shore.
The islanders cook the crab meat and then pack it and send it to the mainland.They send lobsters （5）　alive　to restaurants in many of the large cities of Europe.
【考点】阅读填空．
【分析】本文介绍了离苏格兰北海岸不远的奥克尼岛上人们的生活方式和习惯。
【解答】（1）north 考查形容词。根据The Orkney Islands are not very far away from the north coast of Scotland.可知，奥克尼群岛离苏格兰北部海岸不远，故填north.
（2）highest 考查形容词。根据They are mostly low﹣laying，except for Hoy which has the highest sea cliff（峭壁）in Britain.除了拥有英国最高的海崖的霍伊岛以外，它们大多地势较低。可知除了拥有英国海拔最高的海边悬崖的霍伊岛以外，大多数都是低洼的。故填highest.
（3）passengers 考查名词。根据To get to Orkney you have to fly or go by boat.Ships bring passengers coming from Aberdeen every week.要到奥克尼，你要么坐飞机，要么坐船。轮船每周都有乘客从阿伯丁驶来。可知轮船每周都从阿伯丁带来旅客。故填passengers.
（4）are fed 考查动词。根据Because of this，grass is very important on the islands.One of the islands has sheep which eat sea plants instead of grass—they are small，but very strong and healthy.正因为如此，草在岛上非常重要。其中一个岛上有吃海草而不吃草的羊，它们很小，但非常强壮和健康。可知大多数奥克尼州的农民喂养牛或羊。此处是被动语态，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，接are+过去分词，故填are fed.
 （5）alive 考查形容词。根据The islanders cook the crab meat and then pack it and send it to the mainland.They do not cook the lobsters.They send them alive to restaurants in many of the large cities of Europe.岛民将蟹肉煮熟，然后包装，运送到大陆。他们不煮龙虾。他们把活的土豆送到欧洲许多大城市的餐馆。可知，他们给欧洲许多大城市的餐馆送活龙虾。故填alive.
【点评】答题时要先通读全文，了解大意，然后根据语境以及上下文逐一作答。要考虑句型，语法，固定搭配等因素。最后通读一遍，逐一验证答案。

考点卡片
1．人物故事类阅读
【考查类型】
（1）阅读理解考查类型：
1．主旨大意
2．文中细节
3．词义猜测
4．推理判断．
（2）文中细节的考查类型：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．综合信息题．
【解题方法】
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义．
【常见的提问方式】
1．According to the passage，who/what/where/which/when/why/how，etc．？
2．Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned？
3．Which of the following is the correct according to the passage？
2．阅读填空
【考查能力介绍】
①阅读填空题型的基本要求为：认真阅读短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格中的空格中填入一个适当的单词．图表呈现形式有表格状、树状图表和蛛网状图表，最常见的是表格状．
②阅读填空题属于综合能力考查题，强调主观表述，填表时可能需要使用原词、变形转换或总结概括．主要考查考生阅读信息材料、收集整理直接或间接信息以及科学表述信息的能力．
【解题方法点拨】
①做此类题首先要审读表格，熟悉结构；
②在熟悉表格的基础上浏览全文，了解大意；
③根据表格的格式和留空位置在文中检索信息，用准确的词语进行表达．
④对于概括性较强的试题，要在做完细节题之后，根据文中信息，判定概括词．如：根据how判断用ways， tips， methods，solutions， etc．；根据why， because， result in， lead to， be caused by等判断用reasons， causes；根据in short， all in all判断用summary；根据refer to， be， be called判断用definition；根据therefore， thus， so， as a result判断用result， conclusion；根据find， discover判断用findings．
⑤填写完毕后要通读全文，对所填内容进行验证，综合考虑所填信息是否与文中上下内容一致．
解题步骤（以题目为例）
Good communication skills are key to success in life， work and relationships． Without effective（有效的） communication， a message can turn into error（错误）， misunderstanding， or even disaster．
Communication is the process by which we exchange information between people． To communicate well is to understand and to be understood． Communication can be successful only when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information．
In today's highly informational and technological environment， it has become more important to have good communication skills． Here are some important steps to communicate effectively．
    Know what you want to say and why． Understand clearly the purpose of your message． Know to whom you are communicating and why．
How will you say it？ We all know that it's not always what you say， but how you say it， that matters． Begin by making every contact． You show trust and confidence when you look at others in the eyes when you speak． Second， pay attention to your body language， since it can say so much more than your words． By standing with your arms easily at your side， you tell others that you are open to hearing what they have to say．
Communication is a two﹣way street． After you have said what you have to say， stop and listen． Practise your listening skills． Be considerate of others are talking， listen carefully and never cut them off．
The（1）    of communication
Communication is the process by which we exchange information
（2）     people．
Some（3）    　for paying attention to communication skills．
●key to success in life， work and relationships
●（4）     to understand each other
●being of much （5）     at present as a result of the highly information and technological environment
Some（6）     to have an effective communication．
●Have a （7）     understanding of what your purposes， listeners and reasons are．
●Know（8）     you say it because it is sometimes more important than what you say， such as showing trust and confidence， paying attention to your body language， and（9）     open to hearing what others have to say．
●Stop to listen after you have（10）     your talk．
【考点】P6：阅读填空
【分析】文章叙述了交流沟通过的重要性，以及有效沟通的技巧方法，交流是双向的，不只是说，倾听也很重要．
【解答】1．meaning；考查名词；根据表格后面内容 Communication is the process by which we exchange information between people，沟通是我们在人与人之间交换信息的过程．可知是解释Communication 的意思，故填meaning．
2．between；考查介词；根据第二段第一句 Communication is the process by which we exchange information between people 可知，沟通是我们彼此之间交换信息的过程．故正确答案为"between"．
3．reasons；考查名词；根据表格中列举三个要点可知，这三个要点都是介绍了为什么要注意沟通技巧．这是要注意沟通技巧的3个原因．故正确答案为"reasons"．
4．helping；考查动词；根据语境To communicate well is to understand and to be understood沟通良好是为了理解和理解，所以良好的沟通技巧可以帮助彼此更好地理解．此处根据下一行being开头，故此处也应该用动名词形式来表示，故答案是helping．
5．importance；考查名词；根据第三段第一句 In today's highly informational and technological environment， it has become more important to have good communication skills 可知，在如今这个高信息量和科技高度发展的时代，知道沟通技巧非常重要．be important 可以理解为be of  importance ，因为of为介词，后面加名词作宾语，故正确答案为"importance"．
6．steps；考查名词；根据语境 Here are some important steps to communicate effectively．以下是一些有效沟通的重要步骤．故此处填steps．
7．clear/ good；考查形容词；根据第四段第二句 Understand clearly the purpose of your message 可知，需要清楚地了解信息的目的．故正确答案为"clear/good"．原文中是副词clearly修饰动词Understand，此题Understand是名词，故用形容词修饰，故答案是clear，或good．
8．how；考查副词；根据语境How will you say it？ We all know that it's not always what you say， but how you say it ， that matters你怎么说？我们都知道，不总是你说的话，而是你怎么说这些话．故此处填how．
9．being；考查动词；根据语境you tell others that you are open to hearing what they have to say你告诉别人你愿意听到他们说的话，此处做as的宾语，故用动词ing形式，you are open 转换成being open．故填being．
10．finished/ completed；考查动词；根据最后一段第二句 After you have said what you have to say， stop and listen 可知，在你说完你想说的之后，要停下来听别人说．这里需要动词表示"完成，结束"．根据空前的have，可知用现在完成时态，结构have+动词过去分词，故正确答案为"finished/completed"．
【点评】此题考查阅读填空，在理解文章意思的基础上，结合具体题目，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．
【解题技巧】
在做阅读判断题时会涉内容归纳，主要是标题归纳题和段落归纳题．
①对于标题归纳题，解题时要注意：A．根据"文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首段，一段末或二段首，文章末段"的特点，可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句，再加以准确概括，确定语篇标题；B．文中出现的高频率词或词组，往往就是标题．
②对于段落归纳题，解题时要注意：段落归纳概括题常位于表格的左栏，能最大限度覆盖相应行、列或单元格的全部信息，常为名词、名词词组或动（名）词词组．
③答题时要注意字母的大小写、名词的单复数、词性转换、结构转换和句型转换等问题，与表格其它信息的表达方式保持一致．
【中考命题方向】
阅读填空题是中考的常考题型，因其考查范围广，考查方式新颖，能全面地考查学生的读写能力，在中考中长期占有一席之地，需要平时有针对性地进行练习．