2022年中考英语语法非谓语动词专项讲解与练习

中考语法--非谓语动词专项讲解与练习

非谓语动词

1.不定式 to do ：动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，称为带to 的不定式；有时，to 可以省略，称为不带to 的不定式。其否定形式为 not + (to)+ 动词原形。

（1）作主语：常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末, 其结构为：

        It is + adj. + (for/of) +动词不定式

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

→ It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 学习一门外语并不容易。

（2）作宾语

一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，这类动词有：agree, begin, choose, dare, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, learn, like, love, need, offer, prefer, promise, refuse, remember, start, try, want, wish, would like等，常用的有would like, want, decide, learn, need, refuse, agree, plan, expect, wish。

智康口诀1：

想要决定学习，需要同意计划，希望不要拒绝。

想要（would like, want）

决定（decide）

学习（learn）

需要（need）

同意（agree）

计划（plan）

希望（wish, expect, hope）

拒绝（refuse）

例：I hope to see her soon.

She wants to go to university someday.

He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。）

• 注意否定：

not + (to)+ 动词原形  如：ask/ tell sb. (not) to do sth.

（3）表目的

用作目的状语，例：

He came to borrow my dictionary.

They went on foot, so as not to be heard.

In order not to be heard, they went on foot.

so as to, in order to 意思都是“以便，为的是”，它们都可以用在句中，但是在句首要用in order to。另外，以上后两句例句中用了否定式，意思是“以免，免得”。

还有He worked as hard as he could to pass the exam.(to do表目的)

2. 省略to的不定式do

why not do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do…, could/would/will you please (not) do…

let/have/ make sb. do sth.

如I would rather stay at home.

let/have/ make sb. do sth.

         Make/See sb do sth 改为被动式要把to还回来。

Eg. We saw him clean the classroom after school

   He was seen to clean the classroom after school(by us).

如I would rather stay at home.

3. 注意不定式的否定：ask/tell/want sb not to do sth

1. The teacher warned his students ________on the thin ice.
 A. not skating B. no skating C. to skate D. not to skate

2. ---Have you got everything ready for the trip?

 ---Yes. There’s nothing ________.
 A. to worry about B. need to worry about C. to worry at all D. worrying about

3. ---Have you read about the pianist in the newspaper?

 ---Yes, I have decided to go and ________ this evening.
 A. heard his play B. hear him play C. hear him playing D. hear him to play

4. ---The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot ________.
 A. turning it off B. turn off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

5. John was made ________ the truck for a week as a punishment.
 A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing

3. 动名词doing：动名词的形式由“动词原形＋ing”构成，例如：do → doing, study → studying, close → closing, stop → stopping。注意+ing的不同情况。

（1）作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。

       Collecting stamps is his hobby.

（2）宾语：

① 用作动词宾语：

finish, practice, be worth, consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like, enjoy, miss, mind, admit, keep

② 用作介词宾语：

be afraid of, be good at,  How about/What about…,  be interested in,  be busy (in) doing,  instead of,  have difficulty(in)doing,  have no trouble(in)doing,   prevent/stop…(from)doing, spend money/time in doing sth,  

注意to为介词的短语：look forward to…盼望…… 

 prefer… to…比起……更喜欢……

 pay attention to 注意……

                     be used to doing sth.(习惯做某事)

                     be used to 被用来做  used to do 过去常常

1. The boy was often heard _______aloud in the morning by his neighbors.
 A. read B. to reading C. reading D. to read

2. ---Would you mind ______here? ---Of course not.
 A. my sitting B. me to sit C. me sitting D. I to sit

3. I'm thinking about ______a very _______vacation in Sanya, Hainan Island.
 A. taking, relaxing B. taking, relaxed C. to take, relaxing D. to take, relaxed

4. ---Have you finished ______the novel?---Not yet. I’ll try ______it back to you before Saturday.
 A. reading, giving B. to read, to give C. reading, to give D. to read, giving

5. I like _____cards, but I don’t like ______ it right now.
 A. playing, to do B. playing, doing C. to play, doing D. to play, to do

6. Old people and young children should take care _________ the roads.
 A. crossing B. to cross C. acrossing D. walking across

7. ________too much high-calory food made her _________fatter and fatter
 A. To eat, became B. Eat, become C. Eating, become D. Eating, to become

8. It took me about six hours ______to Guangzhou by coach from Zhanjiang.
 A. going B. to go C. went D. getting

9. In our school, the students aren’t allowed ______ their ears _______.
 A. to get, piercing B. to get, pierced C. getting, piercing D. getting, pierced

10. If you happen _______David, tell him ______me a call.
 A. to see, to give B. to see, giving C. seeing, to give D. seeing, giving

4. 现在分词ing&过去分词done：分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形＋ing”构成（如：ask → asking, study → studying, live → living, stop → stopping）。现在分词短语具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中可用作多种句子成分。过去分词的构成有两种：规则的变化由“动词原形＋ed”构成（如：ask → asked, live → lived, study → studied, stop→ stopped）

 如have sth. done →  I have my clothes washed.

   sb. called/named →  I know a boy named John.

考点1 区分同类别词组： interesting---interested   exciting---excited   boring—bored   relaxing—relaxed   embarrassing---embarrassed  surprising---surprised

考点2 ① 现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，动作是宾语发出的，主动的，多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。如：see, watch, hear, feel, smell, notice, find; have, get, leave, keep

例：We saw a light burning in the window.

I can't get the clock going again.

I saw him talking with the doctor.

He kept the machine running for ten hours.

口诀：吾看三室两厅一感觉，半帮助打死也不吐。（let, make, help三个单词除外）

易错点：have sb. do sth. = let sb. do sth.

        have sb. doing sth.=keep sb. doing sth.

请比较：I saw the old man crossing the street. 我看见那个老人在过街。（表示动作正在进行）

I saw the old man cross the street. 我看见那个老人过街的。（表示动作已发生过）

5. 非谓语动词的辨析

★ forget/ remember/regret to do 没有做

   forget/ remember/regret doing 已经做过

★ stop/go on to do 停下来或接下去做另一件事

   stop/go on doing 停止或继续做同一件事

★ try to do sth. 努力去做某事，不一定成功 

   try doing sth. 试着去做某事

   manage to do sth.努力做某事，且成功了

★ need/want to do主动，去做

   need/want doing被动，被做= need/want to be done

例：This room needs cleaning / to be cleaned.

    The old watch wants repairing / to be repaired.

★ mean to do 打算， 想

   mean doing 意味着  

★ see/hear/find/watch sb. do 做了，全过程

   see/hear/find/watch sb. doing 正在做

★ allow/ advise doing sth. 允许做某事

   allow/ advise sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

6. 不定式与动名词作宾语之比较

① 一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，这类动词有：agree, begin, choose, dare, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, learn, like, love, need, offer, prefer, promise, refuse, remember, start, try, want, wish, would like等，常用的有would like, want, wish,expect, decide, plan, agree, refuse, learn,need。

口诀：

想要决定学习，需要同意计划，希望不要拒绝。

想要（would like, want）

决定（decide）

学习（learn）

需要（need）

同意（agree）

计划（plan）

希望（wish, expect, hope）

拒绝（refuse）

② 常用接动名词做宾语的动词：

口诀：

完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）

继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）

考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）

喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）

初中常考单词：finish, practice, enjoy, mind, keep等

温馨提示：be busy doing, be worth doing

①       既可以接动名词作宾语，又可以接不定式作宾语的动词。

Ⅰ.意思差别不大的动词如下：

begin, start 等：在begin, start, hate, like, love, prefer 等动词后，用动名词或不定式作宾语，意思上几乎没有什么区别。

口诀： 开始喜欢爱恨交织 （begin, start, prefer, like, dislike, love, hate）

例：The teacher said, “You begin writing now,” and the children began to write.

Will you start reading / to read?

So you prefer living / to live abroad?

有时，like 后接动名词时，表示经常性的爱好；后接不定式时，表示一次性的或独特的爱好。

例：I like traveling and, especially, to travel with friends.

He doesn’t like reading, but he likes to read newspapers in bed.

7. 常用不定式或动名词的句型
(1) It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth. “是做……的时候了”
   It’s time to have supper. = It’s time for supper. 该吃晚饭了。
(2) Let’s do sth.
(3) It takes sb. some time ( money ) to do sth. “某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事”
   It took me half an hour to do the problem. 我花了半小时做这个题目。
(4) be +形容词+enough + to do sth. “足够……做某事”
   The girl is old enough to go to school. 那小姑娘已够上学年龄。
(5) be + too +形容词 + to do sth. “太……不能做某事”
　 The boy was too frightened to move. 那孩子太害怕，不敢动一动。
(6) be ready + to do sth. “乐意做某事”

=be ready for sth.
Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋总是乐于助人。

(7) It’s + 形容词+(for/of sb. )+ to do sth.
It’s important for the twins to help each other. 孪生子互相帮助是很重要的。

(8) be afraid to do sth. “不敢做某事”

=be afraid of doing sth.
　 He is afraid to tell his father about it. 他不敢告诉他父亲。
(9) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿……也不愿……”
　 I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。
(10) would like to do sth. 与would love to do sth.常用于口语中，表示 “喜欢……”
　　I’d like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

I would love to go. 我想去。
(11) had better +不带to的不定式表示“最好……”
　 You’d better put on your coat. It’s very cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。
   You’d better not go.你最好不要去。
(12) Will/Could/Would you please+不带to的不定式，表示请求。
　　Will you please ask her to come to the teacher’s office? 请你叫她到老师办公室去一下好吗？

(13)Why not do sth.?

(14) How about/ What about doing…?

1.   German scientists think that your brain keeps _______while you are asleep.

A. work B. working C. to work D. worked

2. When the Giant came back this winter, he saw the children_______in this garden.

   A. played B. to play C. playing D. was playing

3. He jumped out of his bed happily_______the most wonderful sight outside.

A. to see B. saw C. seeing D. see

4. ________how to balance your diet properly will help you have a healthier future.

  A. Learn     B. To be learned    C. Learning     D. Learned

5. I prefer _______ bread on my own to _______ in the bread shop.
 A. making, buying    B. making, buy  C. to making, buy   D. to make, bought

6. We _______ out for a walk if it _______.
 A. go, can stop raining B. will go, stops to rain
 C. can go, don’t rain D. will go, stops raining

7. There was only one way to get money, and that was      it.

   A. earn B. to earn C. earning D. earned

8.  For the next three months he worked every day after      his homework. 

   A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished

9.  We are looking forward to encouraging our young friends____ and research the mystical and beautiful space. 

A. learn        B. learning        C. learning        D. to learn

10.  Now I should let my garden      the children’s playground forever.

 A. to be B. being C. be D. been

11.  I refused  ­      off my shoes.

   A. to take     B. taking     C. take       D. took

12.  Most importantly, don’t feel ashamed if you get ____.

   A. bully     B. to bully     C. bullied        D. bullying