2022年中考英语语法现在完成时专项讲解与练习

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基本构成及用法
（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上nt、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
（2）用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gne ut. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met befre. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, fr…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard frm her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen yu recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away fr tw years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Mnday.
★注意：
since和fr的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I gt there
fr后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, tw days等。
Exercise 1
用since和fr填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Mnday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her ffice. She has been there ______ 7 'clck.
5. India has been an independent cuntry ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nbdy lives in thse huses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a lng time. He has been in hspital ______ Octber.
b）have (has) been t /have (has) gne t的区别
表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gne”。试比较：
Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gne? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been t Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gne t Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
除了上述两个短语，我们还常见到“has been in+ 地点+ fr + 一段时间”的句式，意为“待在某地多长时间了”，例如：
This lady has been in Germany fr seven years.
Exercise 2
根据中文上下文，选用has been t, has gne t 或 has been in 填空。
Mrs. Webb _______________________ Guangzhu fr mre than tw weeks.
—Where is Dris?
—She ___________________________the Carrefur(家乐福).
—Hw many times __________ yu __________Okinawa(冲绳)？
—Three times.
c）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, tw days ag, just nw, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, smetimes, always, ften, befre, lately, recently, nce, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with the prper frm.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his wrk tday? Nt yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (cme) back frm wrk. He is tired nw.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (g) t the teacher’s ffice.
5. I __________ (wrk) here since I ______ (mve) here in 1999.
6. S far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. Hw lng ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? Fr tw weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my hmewrk.
9. He ________ (g) t schl n ft every day.
10.____ yu ______ (find) yur science bk yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tmrrw, I'll g with yu.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Lk! The mnkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mther __________ (cme) t see me next Sunday.
15. I've lst my pen. _________ yu ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Chse the best answer.
1. Hw lng have yu _______ here?
A. cme B. gt C. arrived D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age f my 2 B. fr 2 years
C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ t Beijing. She will cme back tmrrw.
A. been B. gne C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. fr D. that
5.--Wh will g t the statin t meet Lrry?
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! Hw lng _____ yu _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7. The Smiths _______ in China fr 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
8. --Hell, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak t Mr. Black?
-- Srry. He ______ the Bainia Park.
A. has been t B. has gne t C. went t D. will g t
9. --____ yu ever ____ t the US?
-- Yes, twice.
A.Have, gne B. Have, been C, D, g D. were, ging
Hmewrk
I. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been t Macau befre. (改为否定句)
I _________ _________ been t Macau befre.
2. He hasn’t cme t schl because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he cme t schl?
3. I bught a new bike just nw. (用just改写)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began t learn English three years ag.(改为同义句)
We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______have they been here?
II. Ask the questins
1) I have been there fr tw days.
__________ _________ __________ yu __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ yur father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bught a bk tw hurs ag.
__________ ___________ they __________ a bk?
III. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, fr, since” t fill in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him befre, s I have n idea abut him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his hmewrk.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this schl ________ ten years.
4. “Have yu ________ seen the film?” “N, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
IV.用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Bth f them ________________ (be) in Hngkng fr ten days.
3.Bth f them ____________ (cme) t Hngkng ten days ag.
4. Half an hur __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lse) her pen. ________ yu _______(see) it here and there?
6. _________ yu _____ (find) yur watch yet?
7. ---Are yu thirsty? ---N I _________just _________ (have) sme range.
8. We_______ already _________ (return) the bk.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new schl in the village?
10. I _____________(nt finish) my hmewrk . Can yu help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the nvel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a bk just nw.
13. I _________ (lst ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this bk since yesterday.
V. Chang the sentences
1. I have been t Hngkng. （改为一般疑问句）
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Ben has gne t Summer Palace. （改为否定句）
____________________________________________________________________________
3. The girl has been in Guangzhu fr 20 years.
(改为否定句）
(改为一般疑问句）
(划线提问) 否定式
疑问式
I have nt (haven’t) studied….
Have I studied…?
Yu have nt (haven’t) studied….
Have yu studied…?
He has nt (hasn’t) studied….
Has he studied…?
否定疑问式
简单回答（肯定/否定）
Have I nt (Haven’t I) studied…?
Yes, yu have. N, yu haven’t.
Have yu nt (Haven’t yu) studied…?
Yes, I have. N, I haven’t.
Has he nt (Hasn’t he) studied…?
Yes, he has. N, he hasn’t.
现在完成时
一般过去式
She has already cme. 她已经来了。
She came yesterday. 她昨天来了
He has always been a gd student. 他一直是个好学生
He was a gd student. 他原来是个好学生
They have never been t Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
They went t Yan’an last mnth.他们上个月去了延安
Lily has lived in Guangzhu fr 10 years. 莉莉在广州住了10年了
Lily lived in Guangzhu 10 years ag.莉莉10年前住在广州