2022年新教材高中英语Unit2Theuniversallanguage课件译林版选择性必修第一册

这是一份2022年新教材高中英语Unit2Theuniversallanguage课件译林版选择性必修第一册，共60页。
 Ⅰ.核心单词(A)写作词汇—写词形1.　deserve　 vt.值得，应得2.　pleasant　 adj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的3.　whisper　 vi. & vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言4.　weep　 vi. &  vt.哭泣，流泪5.　overcome　 vt.受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜6.　sorrow　 n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事7.　transform　 vi. &  vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
8.　forever　 adv.永远；长久地；老是9.　rural　 adj.乡村的，农村的10.　guarantee　 vt.保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修 n.保证，担保；保修单11.　defend　 vt. &  vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解12.　flow　 vi.流，流动；充满；涨起n.流，流动；连贯；涨潮13.　solar　 adj.太阳的；太阳能的 14.　stare　 vi.盯着看，凝视，注视n.盯，凝视，注视15.　sweep　 vt.& vi.席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n.打扫，清扫16.　accompany　 vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏17.　expectation　 n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望18.　enthusiastic　 adj.热情的，热心的19.　vast　 adj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的
20.　gifted　 adj.有才华的，有天赋的21.　upset　 adj.难过的，失望的 vt.使烦恼；搅乱；打翻22.　possess　 vt.具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制23.　abandon　 vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃24.　desperate　 adj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的25.　uplifting　 adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的26.　ease　 n.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸vi.&  vt.（使）宽慰，减轻27.　genius　 n.天赋，天资；天才（B）阅读词汇—明词义1.Austrian adj.　奥地利的，奥地利人的　 2.symphony n.　交响乐，交响曲　3.concerto n.　协奏曲　
4.Polish adj.　波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的　5.grave n.　坟墓；死亡，去世　 adj.　严重的；严肃的　6.blues n. （the blues） 　布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤　 7.folk adj.　民间的，民俗的　 n.　民间音乐；人们；各位；家人　8.tune n.　曲调，曲子　 vt.　调音；调频道；调整　 9.lyric n.　歌词；抒情诗　 adj.　抒情的；吟唱的　10.heaven n.　极乐之地　11.breeze n.　微风，和风　12.jazz n.　爵士乐　13.arch n.　拱门；拱　14.communist adj.　共产主义的　 n.　共产主义者　15.invader n.　武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者　
16.solo n.　独奏，独唱　 adj.　独自的；独唱的，独奏的　 17.spacecraft n.　航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船　18.greet vt.　问候，欢迎，招呼　19.volume n.　音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额　20.grab vt.&  vi.　吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧　21.disc n.　唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片　22.complicated adj.　复杂的，难懂的　23.lane n.　（乡间）小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线　24.stream vi.& vt.　鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动　 n.　小溪；（人）流，（车）流　25.handkerchief  n.　手帕，纸巾　 26.reputation n.　名誉，名声　27.brilliant adj.　聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的　
28.extraordinary adj.　不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的　29.orchestra n.　管弦乐队　 30.variation n.　变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种　31.chorus n.　合唱曲；副歌；合唱团　 32.grand adj.　宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的　33.finale n.　末乐章，终场，结局；结尾　34.rhythm n.　节奏，韵律，律动；规律　 （C）拓展词汇—灵活用1.　compose　 v.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→　composer　n.作曲家，作曲者2.　dramatic　 adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的→　drama　n.戏剧；戏剧艺术→　dramatically　 adv.戏剧性地；引人注目地3.　combine　vt.&  vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并 →　combination　n.结合；联合；结合体→　combined　 adj.联合的；总计的
4.　surroundings　n.周围，环境→　surrounding　adj.周围的；附近的→ 　surround　v.  包围， 围绕， 环绕5.　adaptation　n.改编本，改写本；适应→　adaptable　adj.能适应的；有适应能力的→　adapt　v.使适应， 使适合；改编， 改写；适应6.　suitable　adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→　suit　 v.适合，使适合；有利于；相配 n.一套衣服；副；套 7.　recording　n.录音，视频；录制；记录，记载→ 　record　n.记录，记载 v.记录， 将……录音→　recorder　 n.法官；记录员；录音机；录像机8.　distant　 adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→　distance　n.距离；远处；冷淡， 疏远 v.拉开距离；与……疏远→　distantly　adv.冷淡地；遥远地；模糊地9.　breath　n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象→　breathe　v.呼吸；呼气
10.　unusual　 adj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的→　usual　adj.寻常的，惯常的， 通常的→　usually　adv.通常，经常地11.　remarkable　adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的→　remark　n.言论，评论 v.评论，谈及，谈论 12.　prediction　 n.预言，预测→　predictable　adj.可预见的→　predict　v.预言；预报 13.　depress　vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→　depression　n.不景气；沮丧，消沉→　depressive　adj.抑郁的 n.抑郁症患者
Ⅱ.重点短语1.　a range of　一系列……；广泛的2.　be known as　作为……而出名；被称为……3.　tear apart　使（关系密切的人）分离，分开4.　force sb. to do sth.　强迫某人做某事5.　rely on　依赖，依靠；信任6.　turn out　结果是……；原来是……7.　be deep in thought　在沉思中8.　throw in　奉送，额外赠送 9.　for good measure　作为额外增添10.　a series of　一系列；一批 11.　classical music　古典音乐
12.　consist of　由……组成（或构成）13.　intend to do sth.　打算做某事14.　get tired of　对……厌倦15.　show up　出现，露面16.　get down to （doing） sth.　开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事17.　put on　上演；穿上；增加18.　all of a sudden　突然，猛地19.be capable of 　能够……；可以……　20.send out　发送；放出；派遣　 21.as well as　除……之外；也　22.be in a state of 　处于一种……的状态中　23.turn up　出现；将（音量）调大　
24.take...back to　将……带回到……　25.reflect on 　认真思考；沉思　26.be related to　与……有关；向……讲述　27.a crowd of 　一群……　28.break into　强行闯入；突然开始　29.be determined to do sth. 　决定做某事　30.a variety of 　各种各样的　31.with ease　轻松地，不费力地　32.be regarded as 　被视为……　33.give up 　放弃　 
Ⅲ.经典结构1.这首音乐带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事,故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young cou-ple torn apart by their families .2.梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时,音乐轻快悦耳,仿佛在向观众耳语。When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.3.梁(山伯)既愤怒又悲伤,生病去世了。 Angry and sad , Liang falls sick and dies.4.原来乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来,然后传遍全国。 It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.
5.他演奏得那样好,以至于每个人都喜欢听他的音乐,并高度评价他的技术。He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.6.既然唯一懂我音乐的人不在了,留着琴也没用了。Since the only person that understands my music is gone, it's no use keeping the qin .7.我把音量调大,站起来盯着收音机,屏住呼吸,等待这首歌开始的音符。I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.8.他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 By the time he was a teenager , he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.
Ⅳ.长难句分析1.Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.分析:该句为主从复合句,句中how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever为how引导的 宾语 从句,现在分词短语telling us...作 伴随 状语。句意:最后,在最激动人心的部分,音乐变得柔和了一些,以苦乐参半的音符结束,告诉我们这对情侣如何变成蝴蝶飞走永远在一起的。2.Obviously I don't know what it's truly like to grow up in rural America, but the masters of country music, like John Denver, can make you feel like you're there.分析:该句由but连接的两个并列分句构成,其中第一个分句为主从复合句,句中
what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America为what引导的 宾语 从句,it为形式主语,代替真正的主语to grow up in rural America。句意:显然,我不知道在美国乡村长大真正是什么感觉,但乡村音乐大师,比如约翰·丹佛,会让你有身临其境的感觉。3.I can picture my bedroom decorated with posters of the Fab Four smiling down at me and I can see myself riding my bicycle through country lanes singing “yeah, yeah, yeah” at the top of my voice.分析:该句由and连接的两个并列分句构成,第一个分句中的过去分词短语decorat-ed with posters of...作名词bedroom 的 后置定语 ,第二个分句中的现在分词短语singing...作伴随状语。句意:我会想起我挂满了披头士乐队的海报的卧室,他们低头朝我微笑,我可以看到自己骑着自行车穿过乡间小路,用最大的声音唱着“耶,耶,耶”。
4....how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfec-tion...分析:该句为主从复合句,句中which should be more perfect in me than in others为which引导的 定语 从句,which在从句中作 主语 ,指代先行词sense;which I once pos-sessed in the greatest perfection为which引导的定语从句,先行词为sense,关系词在从句中作 宾语 。句意:……我怎么可能承认我在某种感官上的弱点呢?我的这种感官应该比其他人的更完美,我曾经最完美地拥有过这种感官……
Ⅴ.必备语法动词-ing形式作主语和宾语1.I love learning (learn) about country music and I keep asking(ask) them questions about it all the time!2. Playing (play) the qin was his life.3. Having (have) someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing (share) his music with Zhong Ziqi.4.Many important figures in the music world, including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making (make) predictions about Beethoven's extraordinary future.5.Despite his hearing loss, he was determined to find a way to continue living (live) a life full of music.
  |deserve vt.值得,应得　　It's a piece that really deserves to be heard. (教材P16)这支曲子真值得一听。 情景导学He does not deserve to win any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others. 他不值得从任何人那里获得任何尊重,就是因为他不懂如何尊重他人。It is those who are willing to give rather than to claim that deserve respecting/to be respected.正是那些甘愿给予而不是索取的人才应受到尊敬。
With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves attention.由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝,目前的形势值得注意。 归纳拓展①deserve to do sth.值得做某事;应该做某事②deserve to be done=deserve doing ……值得被做③deserve consideration/ attention 值得考虑/注意④deserve to be done与deserve doing的意义相同,即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,类似的可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的还有need、want、require等。 
单句语法填空1-1 (2018北京,完形填空, ) The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves (deserve) another.解析　考查主谓一致和时态。句意:这个故事再一次告诉我们,善有善报。one good turn为主语,谓语动词用单数形式,陈述的是一般现象,用一般现在时。1-2 ( )Because their wisdom deserves to be passed/passing (pass)on, Andrew Zuckerman chose the fifty elders for his project.解析　考查固定用法。句意:因为他们的智慧值得传承下去,所以安德鲁·朱克曼为他的计划选择了这50位老人。deserve to be done和deserve doing的意义相同,意为“……值得被做”。
1-3 ( ) It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have (have)equal opportunities to men.解析　考查固定用法。句意:一个有头脑的单身女性应该享有与男性平等的机会,这终于成为一条举世公认的真理了。deserve to do sth.为固定用法,意为“值得/应该做某事”。完成句子1-4 ( ) 通过提到瑞士的研究,作者想要告诉我们电子垃圾是值得被好好利用的。By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that e-waste deserves to be made good use of. 
 |transform vi. & vt. (使)变形,(使)改观,(使)转化　　Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. (教材P16)最后,在最激动人心的部分,音乐变得柔和了一些,以苦乐参半的音符结束,告诉我们这对情侣如何变成蝴蝶飞走永远在一起。 情景导学She helps transform literature into Braille to bring the power of stories and knowl-edge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.她帮助把文学转化成盲文,把故事和知识的力量带到盲人读者的心灵和思想中去。
 The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation in the past decade.在过去的十年里,我们的工作方式经历了彻底的变革。(China Daily,2020年12月)Relevant laws are necessary to achieve the goals laid out in the master plan, which will help transform the island into a high-level free trade port with strong international influence. 要完成总体规划里设置的目标,相关法律是必要的,这将有助于使该岛转变成一个具有强大国际影响力的高级自由贸易港。 归纳拓展①transform A (from...) into B　把A(从……)转变成B② transformation n.[C,U]变化;改观;转变;改革
 单句语法填空2-1 (2020江苏,33, )The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation(s) (transform).解析　考查名词。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历相当大的改革。形容词修饰名词,根据形容词considerable可知,该处用名词transformation(s),表示“改革”。2-2 (2020浙江,七选五, )I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. 解析　考查固定搭配。句意:我学到了很多关于如何延长物品的寿命并将其转化为新的有用的东西的知识。transform A into B为固定搭配,意为“把A转变成B”。
完成句子2-3 (2020江苏,任务型阅读改编, ) 但是如果你过于频繁地这样做,在别人眼里你就会把自己从一个自信的爱开玩笑的人变成一只吉娃娃狗。But if you do it too often, you can transform yourself from a confident joker into a Chihuahua dog in the eyes of others.2-4 (2020天津,阅读理解A, ) 它们已经把自己转化成了这样的地方,在这些地方,你可以培养对知识的热爱,结识有趣的人,或者弄清如何创业。They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.
 |rely on依赖,依靠;信任　　My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. (教材P17) 我的寄宿家庭是乡村音乐的狂热粉丝,所以我总是可以依靠他们接触一些好歌曲。 情景导学Nowadays, we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.现在,我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。Don't rely on his plan to go abroad;he may not be able to afford it.不要相信他出国的计划,他可能负担不起。You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.你可以放心,这项工作将提前完成。
(China Daily,2020年12月)They force companies to upgrade their products and man-ufacturing processes rather than rely on business models based on cheap labor.它们迫使企业升级产品和制造流程,而不是依赖基于廉价劳动力的商业模式。 归纳拓展①rely on/upon sb. to do /doing sth.信赖/指望/相信某人做某事②rely on/upon sth.依赖/信任/指望某物③rely on/upon it that...相信……;指望……④rely on/upon...for...依靠……获得……⑤rely on/upon的同义短语有depend on/upon、count on/upon等。⑥reliable adj.可信赖的;可依赖的;可靠的
单句语法填空3-1 (2017天津,阅读理解D, )As long as one doesn't come to rely on/upon it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:只要一个人不依赖它,希望一些好事发生从不会伤害任何人。rely on/upon为固定搭配,意为“依靠……”。3-2 ( )That is, you shouldn‘t always rely just on/upon the Internet for your research.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:也就是说,你不应该总是仅仅依赖互联网来做研究。rely on/upon...for...为固定搭配,意为“依靠……获得……”。
完成句子3-3 (2020江苏,阅读理解C, ) 然后,在两次单独的早晨到科学家的实验室的拜访中,每个人以平均速度步行了一小时,理论上,这应该使他的身体主要依靠脂肪获得能量。Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat  for fuel.
单句改错3-4 (2016北京,阅读理解D, )If students rely to administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an i-dentity within a larger and complex community. 第一个to改为on或upon 解析　考查固定搭配。句意:如果学生依赖管理者来规范他们的社会行为和思维模式,他们就没有面对在一个更大的复杂群体中寻找一种身份的挑战。rely on/upon为固定搭配,意为“依靠……”。 
 |surroundings n.周围,环境　　The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of coun-
tryside surroundings...(教材P17)简单的曲调和优美的自然意象常使人联想到乡村的环境…… 情景导学Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.只有这样我们才能生活在更舒适更美丽的环境里。Surrounded by/with the sea on three sides, modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.现代的青岛三面环海,被认为是中国最宜居的城市之一。The professor loves to surround himself with his students.那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。
The town and the surrounding areas are exposed to COVID-19.这个城镇和周围的地区都面临着新冠肺炎。 归纳拓展①surround v.围绕;与……有关②surround oneself with 喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)③be surrounded with/by ...被……围绕④surrounding adj.周围的
单句语法填空4-1 (2019江苏,阅读理解A, )And don't forget: we are surrounded (surround)by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.解析　考查时态和被动语态。句意:并且别忘了:我们周围是一个天然的游乐场,非常适合散步、洞穴探察、攀岩和骑车。be surrounded by意为“被……包围”。这里描述的是一般情况,故用一般现在时。4-2 (2018天津,阅读表达, )Now we live in a world surrounded by/with the “can't do” attitudes.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:现在我们生活在一个被“不能做”的态度包围的世界。be surrounded by/with为固定搭配, 意为“被……包围”。
4-3 (2017江苏,32, )Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.解析　考查名词。句意:对比周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。根据our可知,设空处应用名词surroundings表示“环境”。完成句子4-4 (2019江苏,阅读理解D, ) 史蒂夫到了,坐在前排,他的家人围着他。Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by/with his family .  
 |consist of由……组成(或构成)
　　It consists of four movements...(教材P19)它由四个乐章组成…… 情景导学Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.成功在于经历失败而继续努力的能力。The medical team made up of/consisting of/composed of five experienced doctors and ten skilled nurses will be sent to the earthquake-hit areas.由五名有经验的医生和十名熟练的护士组成的医疗队将被派往地震灾区。The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
The group aiding Hubei consists of 10 experts in medical management.援鄂小组由10名医疗管理方面的专家组成。
 归纳拓展①consist in =lie in存在于……;在于……②be made up of=be composed of 由……组成③consistent adj.相符的,一致的,始终如一的;连续的be consistent with 和……一致/相符④consist of不用于被动语态和进行时态。
单句语法填空5-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent (consist)basis.解析　考查形容词。句意:记住,即使是世界冠军运动员也要始终如一地练习他们的技能。形容词修饰名词,设空处修饰名词basis,故用形容词形式。5-2 (2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D, )A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selec-tive letters with 0~25 drops of water or juice as a reward.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:一队研究人员训练三只恒河猴将由数字和认真挑选的字母组成的26个明显不同的符号与作为奖励的0~25滴水或果汁联系起来。consist of为固定搭配,意为“由……组成”。这里为现在分词短语作后置定语。
完成句子5-3 (2019天津,阅读理解C, ) 例如,大多数食物网由许多薄弱环节组成,而不是少数几个强大的环节。Most food webs,for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.单句改错5-4 (2018江苏,阅读理解A, )The extensive collection consists in masterworksin sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century. 第一个in改为of 解析　考查固定搭配。句意:这批广泛的收藏品由雕塑杰作、彩色玻璃和来自欧洲的可追溯到大约9世纪到15世纪的珍贵物品组成。consist of为固定搭配,意为“由……组成”。consist in表示“在于”。
 |defend vt.& vi.防御,保护;辩解,辩白　　“Defend the Yellow River”(教材P19)“保卫黄河” 情景导学Their duty is to defend the country against its enemies.他们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人的侵袭。Some think that students should be trained to defend themselves against/from some
attacks.有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。All the people, men and women, old and young, were fighting against the flood in de-fence(defense) of their own home.所有的人,无论男女老少,都在与洪水作斗争,保卫自己的家园。
Faced with the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the only way out for us is to work together and defend multilateralism.面对前所未有的新冠肺炎大流行病,我们唯一的出路是携手合作,捍卫多边主义。 归纳拓展①defend sb./sth. against/from sb./sth.保护某人/某物免受某人/某物的伤害;为某人/某物辩护以反驳某人/某物②defence(defense) n.保卫;防御;辩解;辩护③in defence(defense) of sb./sth.=in sb.'s/sth.'s defence(defense)为了保卫某人/某物;为某人/某物辩护
单句语法填空6-1 (2020浙江,读后续写, ) Terrified,Elli and I tried all the bear defense (defend)actions we knew.解析　考查名词。句意:我和Elli尝试了我们知道的所有防熊行动,害怕极了。根据定冠词the可知,设空处用名词形式。6-2 (2016四川,七选五, ) They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections. 解析　考查固定搭配。句意:它们帮助身体抵御某些种类的感染。defend...a-gainst/from...为固定搭配,意为“保护……不受……的侵害”。
完成句子6-3 (2020天津,阅读理解B, ) “小并不意味着弱,先生,”她为自己辩护。“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself .6-4 ( )旅行者可能会向野兽射击以保护自己,以防被攻击。The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked. 
|suitable adj.合适的,适宜的,适当的,适用的　　A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.(教材P21)一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。 情景导学This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the international students.这种住所提供独立的生活方式,它更适合留学生。Here is land well suited for/to agriculture.这里有非常适合农耕的土地。A good teacher should suit his lessons to the ages of his pupils.一位优秀的教师应根据学生的年龄讲课。
(China Daily,2020年12月)The National Meteorological Center reminded people to be prepared for the coming cold wave and keep warm with suitable clothes.国家气象中心提醒人们为即将到来的寒潮做好准备,穿合适的衣服保暖。 归纳拓展①be suitable for 适合……②be suitable to do...适合做……③suit v.合(某人)心意;适合;相配 n.套装④suit sb.(fine) (很)合某人的意;对某人(很)方便⑤suit... to ...使……适合(适应)……⑥be well suited to/for 非常适合……⑦a suit of一套……
易混辨析
单句语法填空7-1 (2020江苏,22改编, )If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll probably find a solution that suits (suitable)everyone.解析　考查动词。句意:如果你全面地分析形势,你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。分析句子结构可知,设空处作从句的谓语,故用动词形式。由语境及主句时态可知用一般现在时,that代指a solution,故用单数形式。7-2 (2018天津,阅读理解C, )Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for/to fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:一些专家对3D食物打印机持怀疑态度,认为它们更适合快餐店,而不是家庭和高档餐厅。be better suited for/to意为“更适合……”。
完成句子7-3 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )但在一半的案例中,她穿了一套特别设计的肥胖套装,使她的体重增加到180磅。But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.7-4 (2019江苏,阅读理解A, ) 巴克斯顿有理由为它的文化生活感到自豪,你会发现许多用艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术满足所有品味的东西……Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you'll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts...7-5 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B, ) 人们在这些地方定居是因为这些地方容易到达,而且天然适合通信和贸易。 People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
选词填空7-6 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfect-ly match (suit, fit, match)the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.解析　考查动词辨析。句意:建筑物的曲线与山的起伏完美相配,形成了独特的景观。match表示“相配”,指事物在大小、色调、性质等方面相配,符合语境。suit多指合乎要求、口味等,也可表示衣服等的颜色、款式、花样等适合;fit多指衣服等的尺寸、大小合身、合适。 
 |accompany vt. 陪同,陪伴;伴随,与……同时发生;为……伴奏　　Yes, the Beatles's music has accompanied me throughout my life. (教材P23)是的,披头士的音乐伴随了我的一生。 情景导学She asked me to accompany her to the airport.她要我陪她去机场。He will go to Beijing in the company of me.他将在我的陪同下去北京。While she was singing on the stage,her mother was accompanying her at/on the pi-ano.她在舞台上唱歌时,她母亲在用钢琴为她伴奏。
The earthquake was accompanied by the flu, which made matters worse.地震和流感同时发生,这使情况更糟了。 归纳拓展①accompany sb. to someplace陪伴某人去某处②accompany sb. at/on ...用……为某人伴奏③be accompanied by 与……同时发生;被……陪同④company n.陪伴;公司⑤keep sb. company(=accompany sb.)陪伴某人⑥ in the company of在……的陪伴下⑦companion n.伙伴;同伴
完成句子8-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,书面表达, ) 他每天都很努力地工作,但是他也会抽出一些时间来陪我,和我分享他工作中很多有趣的事情。He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.8-2 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, ) 现在,我们在餐桌上有智能手机做伴。Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.
8-3 ( ) 孩子在他们父母的陪同下,才被允许进入这个运动场。Children, when accompanied by their parents , are allowed to enter the stadium. 单句改错8-4 ( )When I was a little girl, I would often accompany by you as you modeled for fashion photographers. 删掉by 解析　考查动词用法。句意:当我还是个小女孩的时候,你去时装摄影师那里当模特时我经常会陪着你。accompany sb. 意为“陪伴某人”,中间不加介词。 
|upset adj.难过的,失望的 vt.(upset, upset)使烦恼;搅乱;打翻　　He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret. (教材P25)他很难过,以至于一开始他想保密。
 情景导学Life is too short, so don't be upset about/by/at trifles any more.生命太短暂,所以不要再为小事而烦恼了。Li Yifeng, a star, said that he was upset to hear that the NBA star Kobe was dead.明星李易峰说当听到NBA明星科比的死讯时,他感到很难过。He was upset that you didn't reply to his letters.=It upset him that you didn't reply to his letters.你没有给他回信,他不高兴。Don't upset yourself about it—no harm has been done.不要为它烦恼自己——没有造成伤害。
 归纳拓展①be/feel upset about/by/at sth.为某事心烦/难过
②be upset to do sth.做某事感到难过③be upset that ...……让人难过④It upset/upsets sb. to do sth./that...做某事/……使某人心烦意乱⑤upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼自己⑥be upset with sb.生某人的气⑦upset充当形容词时常用作表语,不能作定语。⑧upsetting adj.令人不快(忧虑、苦恼)的
单句语法填空9-1 ( )Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about/by/at what had happened to the couple.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:Tenyson走向现场,对发生在这对夫妇身上的事情感到非常难过。be upset about/by/at sth.为固定搭配,意为“为某事心烦/难过”。9-2 ( )By the time I reached the farm I was very tried and upset with Goldie.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:我到农场的时候很累并且生Goldie的气。be upset with sb.意为“生某人的气”。9-3 ( ) Upsetting (upset) people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.解析　考查动名词。句意:用未署名的信息烦扰人是残忍的、令人厌恶的。分析可知,此处为动名词作主语,应用Upsetting。
完成句子9-4 (2019天津,阅读理解C, )不加约束的人类活动极大地搅乱了生态系统。Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems .9-5 ( ) Holden先生难过地回到家,确信他的宠物死了。Mr. Holden returned home upset and convinced himself that his pet was dead.9-6 ( ) 通过避免可能使你的邻居烦恼的事情,你可以享受与他们的友好关系。By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors , you can enjoy a friendly relation-ship with them.
|possess vt.具有(特质);拥有;支配,控制　　...how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfec-tion...(教材P25)……我怎么可能承认我在某种感官上的弱点呢?这种感官在我身上应该比在其他人身上更完美,我曾经最完美地拥有过这种感官…… 情景导学Technical progress would put our firm in possession of the home market.技术上的进步将使我们公司占领国内市场。Those documents are now in the possession of the Washington Post.那些文件现在归《华盛顿邮报》所有。
On her father's death, she came into possession of a vast fortune.她父亲死后,她继承了一大笔财产。He never possessed much money,but he was always possessed of good health.他从来没有很多钱,但他一直很健康。 归纳拓展①be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等) ②possession n.拥有;(pl.)个人财产;所有物③be in possession of拥有……(主语为人)④be in the possession of sb.=be in one's possession(某物)被某人拥有(主语为物)⑤come into possession of 拥有⑥take possession of占有;拥有
单句语法填空10-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解A, )All customers travelling on TransLink ser-vices must be in possession (possess)of a valid ticket before boarding.解析　考查名词。句意:所有使用TransLink服务的旅客必须持有有效车票才可上车。be in possession of 为固定搭配,主语为人,意为“拥有……”。10-2 (2019天津,完形填空, )Right after Erin took possession (possess)of my wallet on the bus,she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum(论坛).解析　考查名词。句意:就在埃琳在公共汽车上拿走我的钱包后,她把我驾照的照片发到了一个网络论坛上。take possession of为固定搭配,意为“占有;拥有”。
10-3 ( )Repairing our possessions (possess)and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environ-ment.解析　考查名词及其单复数。句意:修复我们的所有物和改变我们的花钱习惯可能是减少垃圾数量和爱护我们的环境的最好方法。根据形容词性物主代词our可知,设空处用名词形式,possession意为“个人财产,所有物”时通常用复数形式。完成句子10-4 ( ) 雅典越来越被视为一个拥有巨大财富的合作企业,那里的所有公民都有分享的权利。Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great  wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
10-5 ( )不幸的是,富裕国家掌握了这方面的大部分知识,而发展中国家却没有。Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing coun-tries do not. 
|abandon vt.中止,放弃,不再有;抛弃;舍弃 n.尽情;放任　　Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. (教材P26)然而,贝多芬即使在他最黑暗的时刻,也从未放弃过希望。 情景导学Those who abandon themselves to despair can't succeed.那些沉湎于绝望的人无法成功。
The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下并尽情地挥舞着手臂。
 归纳拓展①abandon one's hope/plan/idea放弃某人的希望/计划/主意②abandon oneself to 某人陷入……;某人沉湎于……③ with abandon 放纵地;放任地④abandoned adj.被抛弃的,被遗弃的;放纵的单句语法填空11-1 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, ) Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned (abandon)bricks of different ages.解析　考查形容词。句意:王澍收集了700多万块不同年代的废弃砖块。形容词修饰名词,设空处修饰名词bricks,故用形容词abandoned,表示“被遗弃的”。
11-2 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B, )However, these plans were abandoned (abandon)because of financial problems.解析　考查时态和被动语态。句意:然而,这些计划由于财政问题而被中止。主语these plans和动词abandon之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。根据句意可知,此处用一般过去时。完成句子11-3 ( ) 彼得本打算从商,但是在2010年的加拿大的不愉快经历之后他放弃了那个计划。Peter had intended to take a job in business, but abandoned that plan after the un-pleasant experience in Canada in 2010. 
|desperate adj.绝望的;不惜冒险的;极其需要的;极严重的 The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it. (教材P26)接下来的两个乐章充满了绝望的低谷和令人振奋的高潮,这也许反映了他的痛苦和他与痛苦斗争的坚强意志。 情景导学He was desperate for knowledge.他非常渴望知识。Those prisoners are desperate to get freedom.那些囚犯极其希望得到自由。(China Daily,2020年4月)Haiti is in desperate need of more doctors and nurses to help it manage with the novel coronavirus crisis.海地极其需要更多的医生和护士来帮助它应对新冠危机。 
归纳拓展①be desperate for 渴望得到……②be desperate to do ...渴望做……③be in desperate need of 极其需要……④be desperate with...因……而绝望⑤desperately adv.绝望地;拼命地
单句语法填空12-1 (2020浙江,完形填空, )I ran desperately (desperate)but failed to catch up.解析　考查副词。句意:我拼命地跑,但没能赶上。副词修饰动词,设空处修饰动词ran,故用副词形式。12-2 ( )The world moves on because of those who are desperate to influence (influence) others with their knowledge.解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:世界继续向前是因为那些渴望用他们的知识影响别人的人。be desperate to do sth.表示“渴望做某事”。
完成句子12-3 ( ) 一个备有望远镜的观鸟者发现这只宠物绝望地坐在一块岩石上。 A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.12-4 ( ) 一个人会以一个较低的价格卖盐的唯一原因是他非常需要钱。The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money . 
|ease n.容易,轻易;舒适,安逸 vi.& vt. (使)宽慰,减轻　　The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer.(教材P26)这首乐曲将技术上棘手的部分处理得轻松自如,显示出他作为作曲家的天赋。 情景导学I never feel at ease in his company. 我跟他在一起总是感到不自在。He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease.他对他们的见面一直忐忑不安, 可是她的热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了。
Despite the fact that they took online classes for two months, he passed the test with ease.虽然他们上了两个月的网课,但他轻而易举地通过了测试。It would ease my mind to know where he was. 知道他在哪儿我就会放心了。 归纳拓展①feel at ease感到轻松自在② put /set sb. at their ease使某人感到舒适、不拘束等③ with ease 轻松地,不费力地④ease sb.'s mind 令某人放心
完成句子13-1 (2019江苏,书面表达, )我们每天穿着校服感到轻松自在。We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. 13-2 ( )于是,我每天花8到10个小时在医院陪着乔,尽我所能减轻他的不适。With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort .13-3 ( )这家公司似乎在试图缓解我们对公平的不耐烦。It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.13-4 ( ) 我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
  |形容词作状语Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. (教材P16)梁(山伯)既愤怒又悲伤,生病去世了。 情景导学The girl failed in the beauty contest and went home, upset.那个女孩在选美比赛中未能成功,闷闷不乐地回家了。
Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.他又冷又饿,放下工作就回家了。Ripe, these apples are very sweet.这些苹果成熟以后是很甜的。
 After the long journey, they went back home slowly and tiredly.经过长途旅行后,他们慢慢地、疲惫地回家了。 归纳拓展①形容词或形容词短语用作状语时,一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末或句中,相当于一个状语从句,可表示方式、伴随、 原因 、时间、条件、结果或让步。有时像非限制性定语从句一样,表示意义上的增补,其逻辑主语多为句子的 主语 。②副词作状语通常修饰动词、形容词或副词,有时修饰整个句子。形容词作状语则多表示 主语 的状态。
 单句语法填空1-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,语法填空, )As the small boat moved gently (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 解析　考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江移动时,群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。修饰动词moved应用副词gently,表示“缓缓地”。1-2 (2019江苏,阅读理解D, )The task was so hard, and Steve, angry (anger) and upset, said he was quitting.解析　考查形容词。句意:这项任务太难了,史蒂夫又生气又沮丧,说他要放弃。此处形容词作状语,与形容词upset并列,说明主语的状态。
1-3 ( ) Surprised (surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.解析　考查形容词。句意:既惊讶又开心,托尼站起来领奖。这里用形容词Sur-prised与happy并列作状语,表示主语Tony的状态。1-4 ( ) Tired (tire)and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.解析　考查形容词。句意:很累而且上气不接下气,Andy和Ruby首先到达了泰山顶。这里用形容词Tired与short of breath并列作状语,表示主语的状态。1-5 ( )I stared, greatly shocked (shock), as the drinks soaked(浸湿)his white shirt.解析　考查形容词。句意:我非常震惊地看着,因为饮料浸湿了他的白衬衫。设空处表示主语的状态,故用形容词作状语。
| it takes/took+一段时间(+for sb./sth.) to do sth.结构It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft to enter the space between the stars. (教材P21) “旅行者号”宇宙飞船花了大约40年的时间进入恒星之间的空间。 情景导学It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。Our troops recaptured the city, but they paid a heavy price for it.我们的军队夺回了这座城市,但他们为此付出了沉重的代价。How much does this CD cost?这张激光唱片多少钱?
I spent $40 on these shoes.这些鞋我花了40美元。 归纳拓展①it takes/took+一段时间/金钱+for sb./sth. to do sth.=it takes/took sb./sth.+一段时间/金钱+to do sth.表示“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间或金钱”,it为形式主语。②It takes/took+一段时间+to do表示“它(某事)需要花费多少时间来做”,It为代词,是真正的主语,同时也是do的逻辑宾语。
易混辨析
完成句子2-1 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,七选五, )防晒霜大约需要15分钟才能起作用,那足够你的皮肤吸收一天所需的维生素D了。 It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of vitamin D.2-2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B改编, )把英语作为新语言来学习的学生需要花大量的时间才有足够的信心去说英语。 It takes the students who are learning English as their new language a lot of time to feel confident enough to speak in English.2-3 (2018天津,8, )他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。 It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
2-4 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )它是花了三年时间才建成的,建造它使用了一种有趣的方法。 It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.2-5 ( )得到我的大学学位花了我超过21年! It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!2-6 ( )父母应该多花一些时间改善他们自己的生活。Parents should spend more time improving their own lives.选词填空2-7 (2020江苏,阅读理解B, )He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost (cost,spend) only about $400 to rent.解析　考查动词辨析。句意:他说其中一个电话亭每月的收入约为13,500美元,租金仅为400美元左右。设空处的主语是one of the boxes,表示“物”,故用cost。spend的主语通常是人。
 | by the time 引导时间状语从句By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. (教材P25) 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 情景导学By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advanced mathematics by him-self.到他14岁时,他已经自学了高等数学。By the time this letter reaches you, I will have left the country.你收到这封信时,我已离开了这个国家。By now,people have realized its importance.现在,人们已经意识到它的重要性。
 归纳拓展by the end of.../by the time+从句/by+时间名词,常与完成时连用:①by the time从句的时态为一般过去时,主句常用 过去完成时 。②by the time从句的时态为一般现在时,主句常用 将来完成时 。③by+表示现在的时间,句子常用现在完成时。④by+表示过去的时间,句子常用过去完成时。⑤by+表示将来的时间,句子常用将来完成时。
单句语法填空3-1 (2020浙江,语法填空, ) By about 6000 BC,people had discovered (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.解析　考查时态。句意:到了大约公元前6000年,人们就已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。“by+表示过去的时间”作状语,句子常用过去完成时。3-2 (2019北京,阅读理解C, )By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)be-come widely available,scammers will have moved (move) onto cleverer means. 解析　考查时态。句意:到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候,骗子就已经开始使用更聪明的手段了。by the time从句的时态为一般现在时,主句常用将来完成时。
3-3 (2018江苏,31, ) Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we will have developed (develop) more convenient electronic communica-tion tools by then.解析　考查时态。句意:在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时我们将已经开发出更方便的电子通信工具了。时间状语in 2025及by then“到那时”表示将来,句子常用将来完成时。3-4 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C改编, )By the 1920s, wolves had disappeared (disappear) from the Yellowstone area practically.解析　考查时态。句意:到20世纪20年代,狼几乎从黄石地区消失了。“by+表示过去的时间”作状语,句子常用过去完成时。
3-5 ( )By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated (graduate) from college. 解析　考查时态。句意:到杰克从英格兰返回家乡时,他的儿子已大学毕业了。by the time 从句的时态为一般过去时,主句常用过去完成时。
 | 状语从句的省略
When composing music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes.(教材P26)当在钢琴上谱曲时,他会把铅笔的一头放进嘴里,把另一头抵在乐器上,那样他就能感知到音调。 情景导学So while sitting in the classroom and doing my papers, I felt confident and was full of energy.因此,当坐在教室做试卷时,我感到信心十足,精力旺盛。Unless necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要,否则你最好不要查词典。
When asked later what the call was about, your friend refused to answer.当随后被问到电话里讲的什么时,你的朋友拒绝回答。 归纳拓展①构成状语从句省略的条件:when、while、though、even if、unless、if、as if/though等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语 一致 或从句主语为it,且状语从句的谓语含有be动词。②状语从句省略的形式:省略从句中的 主语 和be动词。
单句语法填空4-1 (2020天津,书面表达, )When faced (face) with the difficulties and failures, I must overcome them.解析　考查状语从句的省略。句意:当面对困难和失败时,我必须克服它们。此处为时间状语从句的省略形式,省略了主语I和be动词am。be faced with面对。4-2 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )China's approach to protecting its environ-ment while feeding (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.解析　考查状语从句的省略。句意:世界银行的Juergen Voegele说,中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境,这一做法“为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了有用的经验”。此处为时间状语从句的省略形式,China和feed之间是主动关系,while后面省略了it is,故填feeding。
完成句子4-3 ( )我看到你面临完成学业、同爸爸开办公司的挑战,同时,你还做模特,又是五个孩子的妈妈。I watched as you faced the challenges of completing your studies, starting companies with Dad, while still being a model and a mom of five kids.
 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语　　动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称动名词。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
一、 基本形式观察I hate talking with such people.我讨厌与这样的人说话。I don't remember having met him before.我不记得以前见过他。I don't like being laughed at in public.在公共场合下,我不喜欢被嘲笑。I am very pleased with your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。归纳1.动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作, 即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。2.动名词的完成式表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。3.动名词的逻辑主语是动名词表示的动作的承受者时,动名词用被动式。
二、基本用法1.作主语观察Eating too much fat is no good for your health.吃太多肥肉对你的健康没好处。Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真是有趣。归纳动名词可以放在① 句首 作主语。观察It is no use talking to him—he won't listen.跟他谈没有用,他不会听的。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这样的人加入我们是浪费时间。It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真有趣。归纳　　动名词作主语时,常用② it 作形式主语,而把动名词(真正的主语)置于句子后面。观察There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时会来。There is no joking about such matters.这种事情可不是开玩笑的。归纳动名词可以用于“There be”句型中:There is no+动名词=It is impossible to do
sth.。在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语。2.作宾语观察Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗户吗?Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避被罚款。Do you consider it any good trying again?你认为再试一次有任何好处吗?归纳(1)动名词可以用作动词的③ 宾语 。某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词(短语)有:advise、suggest、allow、permit、avoid、con-sider、enjoy、finish、imagine、include、keep、keep on、④ mind 、miss、de-
lay、practice、resist、postpone(推迟)、deny(否认)、⑤ escape 、put off、give up等。(2)it作形式宾语,后面的动名词作真正的宾语的结构:find/think/consider...+it(形式宾语)+no use/no good...+动名词(真正的宾语)。观察We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我们正考虑为下学期制订一个新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们是休息一下呢还是开始干活?Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.安一直盼望着来中国好久了。
归纳动名词可以用作介词的宾语。接动名词作宾语的含有介词的短语有: think of/about、dream of/about、prevent/keep/stop...from...、set about、succeed in、insist on、be/get used to、devote...to...、⑥ look forward to 、pay attention to、⑦ get  down to 、be good at、be fond of、be interested in、be tired of、be afraid of、feel like、prefer...to...、instead of等。观察I like reading books in my spare time.我喜欢在空闲时间读书。I like to read that book.我想读那本书。They allow smoking here.他们允许在这里抽烟。
The villagers didn't allow them to do this.村民们不允许他们做这件事。The music is well worth listening to more than once.这首乐曲很值得多听几遍。My watch needs repairing.=My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修理了。归纳(1)在love、like、hate、prefer等动词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语;如指特定的或具体的某次行为,多用⑧ 动词不定式 作宾语。(2)在remember、forget、stop、try、regret、mean等词后,既可接动词不定式又可接动名词,但意义不同。
(3)在permit、allow、advise等词后如果不接某人就用⑨ 动名词 作宾语;如果后接某人做某事就用不定式作宾补。(4)表示“需要”意思的want、need等动词后和be worth后可用动名词的主动形式表示⑩ 被动 含义。
3.复合结构观察Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们大家。There is a good chance of Tony's getting well again.托尼很有可能再次恢复健康。归纳带有逻辑主语的动名词被称为动名词的复合结构,动名词的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词或  名词所有格 ,该复合结构作宾语时,其逻辑主语还可以是人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格。
 单句语法填空1.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解D, ) And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating (eat) with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.解析　考查动名词。句意:现有的研究表明你应该避免和点大份量食物的体重较重的人一起吃饭,相反,食欲大的瘦高的人才是你真正需要避免的。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配,表示“避免做某事”。
2.(2020江苏,阅读理解B, ) “like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing(bring) things back,” he said.解析　考查动名词。句意:他说:“我喜欢它们对人们的意义,我喜欢把东西带回来。”enjoy doing sth.为固定搭配,表示“喜欢做某事”。3.(2020江苏,完形填空, ) Being (be) good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.解析　考查动名词。句意:仅仅擅长某件事并对此充满热情是不够的。空处和having a passion for it并列作句子的主语,故用动名词形式。4.(2020天津,完形填空, ) Jones was shocked when she said that she didn't ac-tually mind being cheated (cheat).解析　考查动名词。句意:当她说她其实并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。mind do-ing sth.为固定搭配,意为“介意做某事”,该处表示“被骗”,故用being cheated。
5.(2020江苏,任务型阅读, ) Preparing (prepare) others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.解析　考查动名词。句意:让别人为有趣的谈话做好准备和在展示你的幽默感时自己讲一个笑话一样好。空处作主语,故用动名词形式。6.(2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )This is why decorating (decorate) with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.解析　考查动名词。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和花来装饰具有特殊的意义。空处作从句的主语,故用动名词形式。7.(2020全国Ⅱ,短文改错, )Best of luck with your learning (learn) kung fu in China.解析　考查动名词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。根据形容词性物主代词your可知,空处用动名词形式构成动名词的复合结构。
8.(2020浙江,阅读理解B, ) Now he hopes that other cities will consider making(make) their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.解析　考查动名词。句意:现在,他希望其他城市会考虑让它们的街道运行得更智能,而不仅仅是让它们变得更大。consider doing sth.为固定用法,意为“考虑做某事”。9.(2019天津,4, ) Learning (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.解析　考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思考是当代孩子们未来需要的一项重要技能。主句缺少主语,故此处用动名词作主语。10.(2018北京,3, ) Traveling (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.解析　考查动名词。句意:沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。空处作主语,故用动名词形式。
11.(2018课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running. 解析　考查动名词。句意:你可能喝酒、吸烟或超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低早亡的风险。此处介词of后用动名词形式。故填dying。12.(2018江苏,25, ) Developing (develop) the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.解析　考查动名词。句意:发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。分析该句结构可知,空处作主句的主语,故用动名词形式。13.(2017课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, ) Fast food is full of fat and salt;by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析　考查动名词。句意:快餐充满了脂肪和盐;通过吃更多的快餐,人们将摄入超过他们在日常饮食中所需的脂肪和盐。根据空前的by可知此处应该填动名词,所以填eating。
14.(2016课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )My ambassadorial duties will include intro-ducing (introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.解析　考查动名词。句意:我的大使职责将包括使英国游客初次了解成都的120多只大熊猫和位于薄雾笼罩的碧峰峡群山中的研究中心的其他大熊猫。include doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“包括做某事”,故用动名词形式。15.(2016课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空, ) Leaving (leave)the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable.解析　考查动名词。句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。空处作句子的主语,故用动名词形式。
16.( ) I remembered to lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.解析　考查固定搭配。句意:我离开办公室之前记得要锁门却忘记要关灯了。由“before I left the office”可知离开办公室前不可能锁上门,所以不填locking;re-member to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”。17.( )I still remember being taken (take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 解析　考查动名词的被动形式。句意:我仍然记得被带去法门寺以及我在那里所看到的。根据后面的what I saw there可知,这里说的是记得已经发生的事情,故用动名词形式,且主语I和take之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以要填being taken。18.( )The lesson we can learn from the story of Dennis is that it is no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.解析　考查动名词。句意:我们从丹尼斯的故事中学到的教训是覆水难收。it is no use doing sth.为固定结构,it为形式主语,动名词短语为真正的主语。
单句改错19.(2020天津,3, )—Next time you visit Bob, remember giving him a call in advance. —Good point. I will. giving改为to give解析　句意:——下次你去拜访鲍勃时,记得提前给他打个电话。——说得好。我会的。根据语境可知,该处指提醒对方“记得要做某事”,故用remember to do sth.。remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”,与语境不符。20.( )Jerry did not regret to give the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. to give改为giving解析　句意:杰里并不后悔作了点评,而是觉得他本可以用不同的方式表达出来。根据语境可知,“作了点评”是已经发生的动作,故用动名词形式。regret to do sth.表示“遗憾要做某事”,与语境不符。
完成句子21.(2020浙江,七选五, )我试着用纸板盒做玩具汽车,用剩下的纸板和父亲给我的木块搭房子。 I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.22.(2020全国Ⅰ,语法填空, ) 在月球背面着陆极具挑战性。 Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging. 23.(2020全国Ⅱ,七选五, ) 使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情,使意图保持明确。 Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.
24.(2019天津,阅读理解A, ) 了解历史对于了解我们自己作为一个民族和一个国家是至关重要的。Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.25.(2018天津,12, )我不打算吃任何东西,但那款冰淇淋看起来太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。I didn't mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help try-ing it.26.(2016北京改编,25, )我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半,周末会努力全看完。I have read half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.