专项复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习2021-2022学年牛津上海版九年级英语下册

这是一份专项复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习2021-2022学年牛津上海版九年级英语下册，共7页。试卷主要包含了作状语，作补语， 独立主格结构， 要点补充等内容，欢迎下载使用。
I. 动词不定式基本概述
● 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征:可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。
● 动词不定式的形式:t d (主动＋一般现在时) t be dne (被动＋一般现在时)
t be ding (主动+进行) 强调两个动作同时发生
t have dne (主动＋完成)t have been dne (被动＋完成)
● 注意: 1. 表示否定时，否定词放在整个动词不定式之前，即never t d…。
2. 有些情况下，动词不定式的“t”必须省略。

II. 动词不定式具体用法
1. 作主语
T imprve the traffic in Shanghai is a must. (must n. 必须要做的事 [c])
Hw t slve the prblem will be discussed at the meeting.
句型：It is + n. / adj. + fr/ f sb. t d sth.
It is a(n) pleasure/ pity/ hnr t d sth.
It is imprtant / pssible/ necessary/ cnvenient/ inevitable/ urgent + (fr sb. ) t d sth.
It is kind/ generus/curageus/brave/ right / wrng/ wise/ sensible/ flish+ (f sb.) t d sth.
It is a pity fr the cmpany t have lst such a rare pprtunity t prmte the sales.
Is it cnvenient fr yu t cmmute t the wrkplace when yu live in the suburb?
It is curageus f a yung girl t take n the burden f feeding the whle family.
2. 作宾语
动宾
下列动词加t d做宾语: affrd/ agree/ refuse/ intend/ attempt/ chse / decide/ determine/demand/fail/tend /ffer/plan/pretend/threaten/ manage/expect/remain etc.
He threatened t expse the secret t the public.
In summer hliday, many students chse t stay at hme, watching TV r playing vide games.
在下列及物动词后一般可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”：advise, ask, decide, find ut, instruct, knw, frget, imagine, learn, bserve, remember, tell, think, understand, wnder, etc.
I dn’t knw what t d.
The children are learning hw t play the game.
句型: cnsider / find / think / make it + adj.+fr sb. + t d sth.
I’ve made it a rule t make the best use f every minute.
Televisin makes it pssible t get nn-stp entertainment at hme.
不定式作宾语时，可以用t或者t be代替整个短语，起到省略作用。
-- I’ll be away n business. Wuld yu mind lking after my cat? -- I will be glad t.
-- Are yu keen n pp culture? -- Nt really. But I used t be.
介宾
介词but, except后可跟不定式作宾语，有时必须省”t”
Seeing the rm crwded, I had n chice / n alternative but t stand in the back.
I culd d nthing but stand in the back.
can’t but d sth. / can’t chse but d sth. / can’t help but d 不得不做...
I culdn’t chse but admire his ability t fresee what is likely t happen.
作表语
在be动词后面，表示尚未做的事情。
My missin / hpe / aim / prpsal / intentin is t d sth.
All I did was t give him a little push.
The highway leading t the neighbring prvince is t be pened t traffic sn.
系动词 appear / seem / prve / turn ut t d ...
The experiment turned ut t be a failure.
作定语
用尚未发生的动作对名词进行修饰与限定
We will discuss the prject at the meeting t be held this afternn.
The tunnel t be pened next mnth will greatly ease the cngestin in peak hurs.
如果所修饰的名词中含有序数词，用动词不定式作定语。
Madam Curie was the first wman t teach in university in Eurpe.
表示存在...事情要做: have sth t d; there be sth t d
Everyne has a rle t play in sciety.
The dctr will have a patient t perate n tmrrw.
There are 5 pairs f pants fr yu t chse frm.
修饰名词，表示其功能、作用
water t drink饮用水; a man t send the letter送信人
We need a big rm t stre these bks in .
=We need a big rm in which t stre bks .
He is a nice cmpanin t travel with .
He is a nice cmpanin with whm t travel .
He is shrt f evidence t base his cnclusin n.
He is shrt f evidence n which t base his cnclusin .
动词、名词同源关系 ；如果同源动词加不定式作宾语 ，那么它的同源名词形式也加不定式作定语。
ne's prmise/plan/refusal/ability/ambitin/attempt/decisin/eagerness/failure/ffer/readiness/ willingness. t d sth
I have made a prmise t lend him the mney and I can’t break it.
His ability t detect crucial clues was impressive .
5.作状语
动词不定式作目的、结果及原因状语。动词不定式作状语时，其想ま语必须与句主语保持一致
目的状语:t d./ in rder t d. /s as t d.
He sets aside sme mney every mnth in rder t help the elderly .
In rder nt t miss the due, he had t stay up late t write the term paper .
注意: s as t d...不放句首
结果状语:t…t d ; enugh t d. .. ; s / such …as t d ;nly t d… , never t d...，再也没…
He is t careless t ntice that spelling mistake.
Wuld yu s kind as t tell me the way t the pst ffice?
He hurried there, nly t be tld the train had gne
6.作补语:
1)challenge/cause/persuade/advise/frce/rder/lead/encurage/cnsider/allw/permit
frbid +sb /sth+t d
注意:1. hpe, demand无此用法
2. 与 advise ding/permit ding/ allw ding/ frbid ding/ cnsider ding的区别
Greed fr mney led him t g astray .
The terrrist attack caused hundreds f inncent students t lse their lives.
2) arrange fr/wait fr/rely n/depend n/cunt n/call n/appeal t sb. t d sth.
Dn't wrry! I will arrange fr a dentist t have yur teeth examined right nw.
We depend n a variety f natural frces, such as slar energy, t survive.
3) be said / believed / reprted / annunced / thught / fund / expected… + t d
= It is said / believed / reprted / annunced / thught / fund / expected… that + 句子
This infectius disease is said t have been wiped ut many years ag.
= It is said that this infectius disease was wiped ut many years ag.
4) 感官类动词：see / watch / bserve / ntice / witness / hear / listen t...+宾语+省略 “t” 的不定式，表示主动和动作全过程。
The students bserved the chemistry teacher cnduct the experiment.
5) make / have / let+宾语+省略“t”的不定式，表示让某人、某物做某事，主动。
Yu can lead a hrse t the water, but can’t make it drink.
注意；第4，5两种情况中，一旦谓语动词是被动，省略“t”的不定式要还原。
He was made t aplgize in public, thugh he shuldn’t be taken respnsible.
He was seen t enter the building.
7. 独立主格结构
独立主格结构的效果相当于状语。但是逻辑主语与句子主语可以不一致。
1) 固定短语：t be sure / t be frank / t tell the truth / t be precise / t be exact / t be fair / t begin with / t start with
t sum up / t be shrt / t return t the tpic / t make the matters wrse
He verslept that mrning, t make the matters wrse, the subway he tk was ut f rder and was clsed.
T tell the truth, the prduct desn’t functin as well as it is advertised.
2) with+宾语+t d有.…要做（尚未发生）
With the tugh prblem t deal with, I was under great pressure.
8. 要点补充
1) 动词不定式在下列情况省略“t”
help sb. (t) d sth
why nt d sth
can’t but d … / can’t chse but d … / can’t help but d …
介词but, except 后面加宾语时，前面有d, 后面无t。
make / have / let sb. / sth d
感官动词+sb. / sth. + d sth.
wuld rather d sth.
rather than d sth.
rather than s sth.
had better d sth / Better d sth.
It is better t d sth.
动词不定式的时态与语态
动河不定式的时态其实是与谓语动词做时间上的比较。
● 动词不定式的一般式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发生的。
They are learning t sing and dance.
● 动不定式的进行式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,而且正在进行中。
The weather seems t be imprving.
● 动词不定式的完定成式: 表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。
He pretended nt t have seen me when passing by yesterday.
● 动词不定式的被动式:
I felt a little bit puzzled t be asked such a questin.
I wish t be excused.
This bk is intended t be read but nt t be stred away.
不用被动的情况:
● sb. be t blame fr ... 某人应该为某事而负责= blame sb. fr
Speaking f the spiled child , her father is t blame.
● 当作表语的某些形容词被动词不定式修饰时,动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,动词不定式可以用主动式代替被动式。
fine, hard heavy, imprtant, nice, painful, pleasant, pssible, safe, simple, strange, difficult, easy. expensive, dangerus, cnvenient...
This prblem is difficult t slve.
That bk is easy t read.
动词不定式练习
Helen had t shut ________ abve the sund r the music.
A. making herself hearB. t make herself hear
C. making herselfD. t make herself heard
Yu were silly nt ________ yur car.
A. t lckB. t have lcked C. lcking D. having lcked
My advisr encuraged ________ a summer curse t imprve my writing skills.
A. fr me taking B. me taking
C. fr me t take D. me t take
I dn't knw whether yu happen ________ that I' m ging t study in the USA this September.
A. t be heardB. t be hearing C. t hear D. t have heard
The news reprters hurried t the airprt, nly ________ the film stars had left.
t tellB. t be tld C. telling D.tld
If yu are planning t spend yur mney having fun this week, better ________ it --- yu've gt sme big bills cming.
frgetB. frgtC. frgetting D. t frget
The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like t reprduce in the cells inside the human nse and thrat .
causeB. being causedC. t be caused D. t have
Rbert is said ________, but I dn’t knw what cuntry he studied in.
t have studied B. t studyC. t be studyingD. t have been studying
I’ve wrked with child befre, s I knw what ________ in my new jb.
A. expectedB. t expectC. t be expectingD. expect
Having a trip abrad is certainly gd fr the ld cuple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjy it.
A. t seeB. t be seen C. seeingD. seen
It is said that in Australia there is mre land than the gvernment knws ________.
A. it what t d withB. what t d it withC. what t d with itD. t d what with it
A ck will be immediately fired if he is fund ________ in the kitchen.
A. smkeB. smkingC. t smkeD. smked
With the plans she has cnsidered ________, she will have n time t enjy her Christmas hliday.
A. carrying utB. t carry utC. carried utD. carry ut
That was s serius a matter that I had n chice but ________ the plice.
A. called inB. calling inC. t call inD. call in
David threatened ________ his neighbr t the plice if the damages were nt paid.
A. t be reprtedB. reprtingC. t reprtD. having reprted
________ as a candidate fr the pst f schl principal, ne must have at least five years f teaching experience.
CnsideredB. T be cnsidered
C. CnsideringD. Having cnsidered
It is the greatest happiness n earth ________.
A. lving and t be lvedB. t lve and being lved
C. t lve and t be lvedD. lve and be lved
Nw we culd nt d anything but ________ fr him here.
A. waitedB. waitingC. t waitD. wait
I dn’t knw her and I dn’t ________.
A. wantB. want tC. want itD. t want
—Why was the fficial meeting held? —________ new fficers.
A. SelectB. SelectingC. T selectD. Fr selecting
T learn t speak English well, ________.
A. much practice is neededB. ne needs much practice
C. much practice is needed by ne D. ne is needed much practice
Tm kept quiet abut accident ________ lse his jb.
A. s nt as t B. s as nt tC. s as t ntD. nt s as t
Srry, I dn’t have the key ________.
A. t pen the drB. which t pen the dr with
C. fr pening the drD. with which t pen the dr
With all the repairs and cnstructin ________ in five years , Pudng Main Rad will be able t handle much mre traffic than it is nw.
A. t cmpleteB. cmpletedC. cmpleteD. cmpleting
1-5 DBDDB 6-9ACAB 10-15 BCBBCC 16-20 BCDBC 21-24 BBDA
类别
例句
句中功能
不
定
式
Learning/ T learn English takes a lt f wrk.
It takes a lt f wrk t learn English.
动名词和不定式在一些情况下可替换。
动名词强调泛指，不定式强调特指。
主语
The imprtant thing is t save lives trapped in the mine.
表语
He pretended t be ding his hmewrk when his mther came in.
宾语
The next train t arrive was frm New Yrk. 主谓关系
He gave the rder t start the attack. 同位关系
定语
She is glad t play with the child. 原因
状语
He cupped his ear t hear / in rder t hear/ s as t hear better. 目的
In 1980 he left his hmetwn never t return. 结果
Scientists advise us t have a balanced diet.
补语
主动：宾补
被动：主补
We saw him enter the hall.
He was seen t enter the hall
T begin with, I d nt like its clr.
独立结构