词汇晨读02- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)02
说明：①本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题；
②凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。
(affect—appreciate)
affect v.①影响：
With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
在政府的帮助下，那些受地震影响的人搬到了新的定居点。
②(在情感方面)打动，感动：The story affected us deeply.故事深深地打动了我们。
【拓展】effect n.影响：
Your reading environment can have a great effect on your understanding. 
你的阅读环境会对你的理解产生很大的影响。
affection n.友爱，亲爱，疼爱，爱情：
And now I could say it is my affection for nature that makes me a real gardener.
现在我可以说是我对自然的热爱使我成为了一个真正的园丁。
He felt great affection for his sister.他很疼爱他妹妹。
【拓展】affectionate adj.亲热的，深情的，挚爱的，慈爱的，有感情的：
Beauty lies in the lover’s eyes. Where most people saw nothing but a cruel criminal, she saw an affectionate man.情人眼里出西施。多数人看到的只是一个残忍的罪犯，而她看到了一个充满爱的男人。
afford v. ①买得起，花得起，担当得起：
This sweater fits me, but I can’t afford to buy it.这件毛衣我穿很合身，但是我买不起(它)。
—Let’s go to the park tomorrow morning.
—Sorry, I’ve got an important appointment at 9 o’clock and I can’t afford to miss it.
“让我们明天去公园吧。”“对不起，我九点钟有个约会。错过了约会，我可担当不起的。”
②给予，提供：It will afford me great pleasure to have dinner with you.跟你一道吃饭太让我高兴了。
【拓展】affordable adj.支付得起的，负担得起的，不太昂贵的：
Eating out once or twice a week may be affordable.一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。
The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but every meal can serve at least two people and is under ¥10, so not only is it affordable but practical as well.这家餐馆虽然食物的种类有限，但是每份食物都能供至少二人食用且价格不超过十元，真可谓价廉物美。
afraid adj.害怕的，担心的，恐怕：
I worked hard because I was afraid of losing the job.我工作很努力，因为丢了这份工作。
He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father.他不敢进屋去见他父亲。
I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock.恐怕伍德先生要到4点钟才能会见你。
I’m afraid that he won’t help us.我担心他不会帮我们。
“Is he not coming?” “I am afraid not.(I’m afraid so.)”“他不来吗?”“看来不会(怕是不会来)。”
Africa n. 非洲：Has your father returned from Africa yet?你父亲从非洲回来了吗？
African adj.非洲的，非洲人的：
The researcher’s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s DNA.
研究人员的结论是基于对非洲象DNA的研究。
n.非洲人：I dated an African once.我和一个非洲人约会过。
after adv.以后，后来：
They lived happily ever after.他们后来一直生活得很幸福。
They met in June and became lovers soon after.他们在六月相遇，不久就成了情侣。
prep.①在……之后：
Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
尽管他可能是个安静的学生，但下课后他经常谈论他最喜欢的歌手。
②追赶，追求，寻找：The cat ran after the mouse.猫追老鼠。
③依照，用……的名字：
Please make some sentences after this model.请仿照例子造句。
She was named Elizabeth after her grandmother.
她依从祖母的名字取名为伊丽莎白。
④接连不断：She saw play after play.她接连不断地看戏。
This cycle goes day after day.这种循环日复一日。
conj.在……以后：In my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad.
在我看来，你应该在出国学习结束后再回来。
【拓展】after all毕竟，终究(参看词条above all)：
Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went after all.
鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究还是去了。
Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem after all.
你为什么这么焦虑？这毕竟不是你的问题。
afternoon n.下午，午后：The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.本次考试结果将于星期五下午公布。
afterward(s) adv.后来：Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them.
不久之后，我收到了他们的圣诞礼物。
You may use the room as you like so long as you clean it up afterwards.
你可以随意使用这个房间，只要你事后打扫干净。
again adv.再一次，又，再：
I am longing to see my friend Jack again.我渴望再见到我的朋友杰克。
After ten years in prison, he was a free man again.他坐了十年监狱，又成了自由人。
The owner showed her appreciation of our help again and again.主人一再感谢我们的帮助。
against prep.①反对，违背，违反：
My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in favour of it.
我妹妹反对我的建议，而我哥哥却赞成。
His parents were angry when they learned he had borrowed the car against their wishes.
当他的父母得知他违背父母的意思去借车后很是生气。
That’s against the law.那是违法的。
②逆：He swam against the tide.他逆流而游。
③倚着，靠着：
He stood with his back against the door.他背靠门站着。
Put the tip of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.
当你发出声音时，把舌尖抵住上齿。
④衬着，与……对比：
It is important to know what colors look good against your skin before you buy clothes.
在购买衣服前，重要的是了解什么样的颜色衬你的肤色看上去才好看。
The workers are going on strike for the salaries here are low against the rates elsewhere.
工人们打算罢工因为这里的薪水与别处的相比是很低的。
⑤防备，抵御：
The little girl stood close to the wall, hugging herself against the cold.
小女孩站在靠近墙壁的地方，搂抱着自己以抵御寒冷。
age n. ①年龄：However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.
然而，在所有因素中，财富和年龄是前两位。
②长时间：You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.你已经很久没有和他联系了。
③时代，时期：Each civilization has its golden age.每个文明都有它的鼎盛时期。
【拓展】①age v.……的年龄/岁
Salvatori, aged 23, will soon complete his studies at the University of Toronto.
23岁的萨尔瓦多不久将在多伦多大学完成学业。
②aged年老的，年迈的，老年的，上了年纪的：
Loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face.
孤独是老年父母可能面临的另一个问题。
③at the age of在……的年龄/岁
He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
他15岁进入大学时就已经学了5000多个英语单词。
agency n.代理处，经销处，代办处：
He telephoned the travel agency to book three air tickets to London.
他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。
Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
迪娜终于在当地的一家广告代理公司找到了一份工作。
India’s space agency releases its first pictures of Mars as its satellite begins work a day after entering orbit around the Red Planet.当卫星开始进入围绕“红色星球”的轨道后开始一天工作的时候，印度的空间机构发布了其第一张火星的照片。
agenda n 议程：They agreed on an agenda.他们就议事日程取得一致意见。
The next item on the agenda was how to cut down the cost of production.
议程上的下一个项目是讨论如何降低生产成本。
The meetings and addresses help set the agenda for the next year’s work. 
这些会晤与发言有助于制订来年的工作议程。
agent n. 代理人，代理商，力量：
One agent recommended a house in particular.
有一个代理特别向我们推荐了一栋房子。
Our agent in Rome deals with all our Italian business.
我们在罗马的代理商处理我们在意大利的一切事务。
Rain and sun are the agents which help plants to grow.雨水和阳光是植物生长的促进力量。
aggressive adj.①侵略的，好斗的，咄咄逼人的，激进的：
Japan should, rather than ignore its aggressive past, reflect on its own history and its current policies.日本应该反思自己的历史和当前的政策，而不是忽视其过去的侵略行径。
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and less aggressive.
我很早就认识到我得多些耐心而少些咄咄逼人。
Some people get aggressive after drinking alcohol.有些人喝了酒后会变得咄咄逼人。
②有进取心的，强有力的：
A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.
一个好的销售员要想成功必须有进取心。
【拓展】aggression n.侵略，侵犯：
This is an aggression upon his rights.这是对他的权利的侵犯。
The whole nation rose to resist foreign aggression.举国奋起抗击外来侵略。
表示“对……的侵犯”，其后通常接介词on, upon, against：
This is an aggression upon my right.这个是对我的权利的侵害。
ago adv.以前：This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can pick out my father.
这张照片是很久以前拍的。我想知道你能否认出我父亲。
agree v.同意，赞同：
They agree that our plan is worth trying.他们同意我们的计划值得一试。
I agree to his suggestion on the condition that he drops all charges.
我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。
You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.
你看上去很好。我认为：三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。
We agree with what you say.我们同意你所说的。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
A verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
He agreed to the plan.他同意了这个计划。
We agreed to their arrangement.我们同意了他们的安排。
The two companies have agreed on the main items written on the contract in general, but they still have to negotiate the details.两家公司已基本同意了合同上的主要条款，但他们还得磋商各项细节。
【拓展】①agreeable adj.愉悦的，讨人喜欢的，欣然/爽快同意的，赞成的：
You are much more agreeable and prettier now.现在的你更讨人喜欢，更漂亮了。
She was agreeable to the project.她对这个项目表示欣然同意。
Do you think they will be agreeable to our proposal?你认为他们会爽快同意我们的提议吗？
②参看词条disagree。
agreement n.同意，一致，协定，协议，合同：
I’m quite in agreement with your decision.我完全同意你的决定。
The two things are in agreement.这两件事是一致的。
At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached.
会议结束时，宣布已达成了一项协议。
agricultural adj.农业的：
Animals suffered at the hands of Man in that they were destroyed by people to make way for
agricultural had to provide food for more people.各种动物惨遭人类毒手。人类为了开辟农田，
种植庄稼，养活更多的人而使动物遭受了灭顶之灾。
agriculture n.农业，农学，农艺：
The farmers’ living conditions have improved significantly ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced.自从惠农政策出台以来，农民的生活状况已经得到了显著改善。
He studied agriculture in college.他在大学里研究农学。
ahead adv.在前面，向前：
Planning so far ahead has made no sense-so many thing will have changed by next year.
计划这么超前毫无意义——到明年许多事情会发生变化的。
【拓展】①ahead of在……之前：
If you really dislike such a tradition, tell your friends ahead of time.
如果你真的不喜欢这样的传统，提前告诉你的朋友。
②go ahead前进，进行，继续；(单独使用，表同意)行，可以：
Go ahead, we are all listening.继续讲吧，我们都在听呢！
“Can I borrow your dictionary?” “Yes, go ahead.”“我可以用你的词典吗?”“可以。”
Go ahead with your plan. I’m all for it.进行你的计划吧，我完全赞成。
aid n. ①帮助，援助：
Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they had received From China.
上个月，日本政府表达了他们对收到的中国的援助的谢意。
We’re coming to the aid of the people of Somalia at the request of the United Nations.
我们应联合国的要求前去救援索马里的民众。
②助手，辅助器具：
A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.词典是学习一种新语言的重要工具。
v.帮助，援助：I will aid him in this matter.在这件事上我会帮他。
They aided him in scientific studies.他们援助他进行科学研究。
【拓展】①aid sb. to do sth.表示帮助某人做某事(其中的to不可省略)，也可用于aid sb. in doing sth.。
比较：help sb.(to) do sth.中的to可以省略：
我们帮助他提前完成了这项工作。
We’ve aided him to finish the work ahead of time.
We’ve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time.
We’ve helped him(to)finish the work ahead of time.
②in aid of用以援助……，作为援助……之用：
They’re organizing a concert in aid of charity. 
他们组织了一场音乐会帮助筹集捐款。
③with/without the aid of表示(不)凭借或依靠某种帮助：
We may travel with the aid of a good map.我们可以靠一张好地图去旅行。
This job would be impossible without the aid of a computer.这项工作不用计算机是不行的。
④come(go)to one’s aid来(去)帮助某人：
They all came to my aid.他们都来帮助我。
He went to the aid of the injured man.他去帮助那个受伤的人。
⑤first aid急救：
Although the hospital treatment is more professional, it does not mean that first aid is of little use.
尽管医院治疗更为专业多，但是这并不意味着急救的用处不大。
AIDS n.艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合症Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome之缩写)：
According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.根据世界卫生组织的数据，所有大城市都需要医疗保健计划来防止艾滋病的传播。
aim n.①瞄准，对准：He took aim at the bird, but missed.他瞄准那只鸟，但没有打中。
②目标：He has one aim in life-to be a poet.他人生只有一个目标——当一名诗人。
v.瞄准，对准，指望，目的/目标在于：
Our government is aiming to build a “harmonious society”.我国政府的目标是建设“和谐社会”
【拓展】①aim at /be aimed at：针对，以……为目标，目的是，旨在：
My remarks were not aimed at you.我的话不是针对你的。
Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth.企业必须以长期增长为目标。
Criticism should be aimed at helping those criticized. 批评应该是与人为善的批评。
He studied hard, aiming at passing the exam.他努力学习，目的是通过考试。
The project aims at promoting peaceful cooperation among countries.
该项目旨在促进各国之间的和平合作。
②aimless(ly)无目的的(地)，没有目标的(地)：
Aimless life is like sailing without compass.漫无目的的生活就像出海航行而没有指南针一样。
She said that her life seemed aimless.她说她的生活好像没有目标。
Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
珍妮漫无目的地沿着林荫大道往前走，不知道自己要去何方。
air n. ①空气，天空，大气：
I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.
我要搬到乡下去，因为那儿的空气比城里的空气新鲜多了。
②态度，外貌，神态，气氛：He has an air of importance.他一副了不起的样子。
【拓展】①by air乘飞机(=by plane=by aircraft)：
After the earthquake, the injured were cared for in the local hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighbouring cities.地震发生后，伤者在当地医院接受治疗或被空运到邻近城市的医院。
②in the air在空中，(up)in the air)悬而未决：
Dust floats in the air.灰尘飘浮在空中。
Where they were going was left up in the air, a kind of mystery. 
他们要去哪里尚悬而未决，犹如是个谜。
Our plans are still quite in the air.我们的计划还很渺茫。
③on the air在广播：The match was on the air last night.比赛于昨晚播出。
④in the open air在户外，露天：
The film will be shown in the open air tonight.今晚电影在露天演。
aircraft n.飞机 (单复数同)，飞艇，航空器：
Only experienced pilots fly large passenger aircraft.只有有经验的飞行员才能驾驶大型客机。
Comparatively speaking, these aircraft are quite cheap.比较而言，这些航空器是相当便宜的。
airline n. 航空公司，航线：
Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.
许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。
Beijing to Guangzhou is a daily airline of CAAC.北京到广州是中国民航每天的定期航线。
airmail n.航空邮件/邮政：Please send this letter by airmail.请用航空邮件寄送此信。
airplane n. (美)飞机：An airplane engine is a complex mechanism.飞机引擎是种复杂的机械装置。
airport n.航空站，飞机场：You must arrive at the airport two hours early.你必须提前两小时到达机场。
airspace n.空域，领空：
The government claimed that the plane had illegally entered its airspace.
政府宣称这架飞机非法进入其领空范围。
alarm n.警报，闹钟：
Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.
今天，我要和你谈谈火警发生时你该怎么做。
The alarm went off at five.闹钟在五点闹响。
v.使……惊慌，惊动：
With the number of cholera cases being confirmed at an increasing rate across the country, it’s natural to feel alarmed and even scared.随着患霍乱病例的比率不断增大在这个国家得到证实，人们感到惊慌甚至恐惧是很自然的。
album n.专辑，照相簿/相册，集邮本，签名纪念册：
In 1951,he recorded his first album.1951年，他录制了他的第一张专辑。
One is that we may give him an album with photos of all the students in our class.
一个是我们可以给他一本相册，上面有我们班所有学生的照片。
I saw her put stamps in an album.我看见她在把邮票放进集邮本去了。
alcohol n.酒精，乙醇，含酒精的饮料，酒：
This sort of wine contains 20 percent of alcohol.这种酒含酒精20%。
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.
有一次在聚会上，我喝了太多酒，就这样生病了。
algebra n.代数(学)：We’ve learned advanced algebra in middle school.我在中学就学过高等代数。
alike adv.同样地，相同地：
They dress and walk alike.他们的穿着和走路姿态十分相似。
Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
【拓展】adj.相似的，相同的：
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
这两个小女孩如此相像，以至于很难辨别出彼此。
alive adj.①活着的：
The mayor has offered a reward of $5000 to anyone who can capture the tiger alive or dead.
市长向任何能活捉或杀死老虎的人悬赏5000美元。
②活泼的，活动的，有活力的：
Biking made me feel alive.骑自行车使我充满了活力。
③充满……的：The woods are alive with birds.林中到处是鸟。
【拓展】参看词条live, lively。
all adv.完全，都，非常：
No one helped me. I did it all by myself.没有人帮助我。这一切全是我自己做的。
adj.所有的，全部的，整个的：
Tom, you mustn’t leave all your clothes on the floor like this.
汤姆，你不能把你所有的衣服都这样放在地上。
pron.一切，全部：
We are grateful to you for all you have done.我们对你所做的一切表示感谢。
All enjoyed themselves.每个人都玩得很尽兴。
All of the toys are broken.所有的玩具都坏了。
I am very pleased to say that all of us have greatly improved our spoken English so far.
我很高兴地说，到目前为止，我们所有人的英语口语水平都有了很大的提高。
【拓展】①参看词条above all和after all。
②in all总计，全部：There were twenty students in all.总共有20个学生。
③all in all总之，总而言之，总的来说，大体而言，归根结蒂：
We both thought that all in all it might not be a bad idea.
我们两人都认为总的说来它或许不是个坏主意。
④not at all (用于加强not的语气)一点也不，根本不；没关系，别客气：
It’s not difficult at all.一点也不难。
“Thank you.” “Not at all.” “谢谢你。”“不客气。”
On yesterday’s interview, he didn’t make an appearance at all.昨天的面试，他根本没露面。
⑤all along一直，一向：I know (knew) it all along.我一直知道这事。
⑥all over到处，结束：
New theatres and arts centres sprang up all over the country.
新的剧院和艺术中心突然在全国各地涌现出来。
allergic adj.①过敏的：
David is allergic to animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
大卫对动物的皮过敏，所以他是不会到养狗啊猫啊的人家去串门。
②对……极讨厌的：You could see he was allergic to housework.你可以看出他很讨厌做家务。
alley n.小巷，胡同：
He wheeled his bike into the alley at the side of the house.他把自行车推进了房子旁的小巷中。
John did not take the job because it was a blind alley.
约翰没有接受那份工作，因为那是一份没有前途的工作。(a blind alley死胡同)
allocate v.分派，分配：
We must allocate the money.我们必须分好这笔钱。
That space has been allocated for a new hospital.这块地皮已经拨作建一座新医院。
Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the
government.地震灾区重建的大部分资金已经由政府下拨
【拓展】allocation n.分配，配置：
They said the allocation of seats was unfair.他们说席位的分配不公平。
Market is an effective means in allocation of resources.市场是配置资源的有效手段。
allow v.①允许，准许：
I can’t allow such a thing.我不允许发生这样的事。
He didn’t allow her any freedom.他不允许她有任何自由。
We don’t allow smoking here.我们不许在此吸烟(此地禁止吸烟)。
We do not allow people to smoke here.我们不许(人们)在此吸烟。
I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friend’s house.
我请求妈妈允许我在我最好的朋友家过夜。
②给予，让……得到：
Though working in a famous company and having a big income, he only allows his wife $200 a year for clothes.尽管在一家大公司里工作有一份很高的收入，但他只给妻子300美元去买衣服。
【拓展】①allow for将计算在内，考虑到，估计到：
The Agency’s budget simply did not allow for such a massive increase. 
该机构的预算根本没有将如此大额的超支计算在内。
You have to allow for a certain amount of error.你必须将一定量的误差考虑在内。
Time is pressing; it’s impossible for me to get there in an hour, allowing for the possible delays.时间紧迫，考虑到路上可能会耽搁，一个小时我不可能到得了那里。
All these factors must be allowed for.所有这些因素都必须估计进去。
②allowable容许的，可减免的(税收部分)：
Two mistakes are allowable in this game.这种游戏允许犯规两次。
The amount of allowable deduction for you is calculated accordingly.
课税的扣除额已经据此为您算好。
allowance n.①津贴，补助：
She receives a monthly allowance of $500.她每月收到500美元的津贴。
Much to his joy, the old man may be able to get a hardship allowance from the government, which covers his expense.使老人高兴的是，他可以从政府那里领到低保(困难补助金)，这够他的生活费用了。
②(美)零用钱(=pocket money)：My weekly allowance is $50.每周我的零花钱是50美元。
③允许，限额：
According to the regulations, most of our flights have a baggage allowance of 22 kilograms per passenger.按照规定，我们的大多数航班允许每位旅客免费带20公斤行李。
【拓展】make allowance(s) for体谅，谅解，顾及，考虑到，留有余地，将……计算在内：
We must make allowance for his youth and inexperience. 
我们应当体谅他年轻和没有经验。
We must make allowances for his ignorance.我们对他的无知必须谅解。
You should make allowances for the fact that she's only seven. 
你应该考虑到这样一个事实，她才只有七岁。
When you set off for your appointment, make allowance for the traffic and make sure you are on time, or even a little bit early.
当你出发去赴约的时候，为交通状况留余地，确保你准时到达，甚至提前一点到达。
almost adv.几乎，差不多：
The English teacher gives the class a dictation almost every day.英语老师几乎每天都给全班听写。
He slipped and almost fell.他脚下一滑，险些跌倒。
The bridge is almost 2 kilometres long.这座桥差不多有两公里长。
alone adj.单独的，独自的：I want to be alone.我想一个人呆着。
Charles was alone at home, with no one no one looking after him.查尔斯一个人在家，没有人照顾他。
We are not alone in thinking that he is a cheat.不只是我们认为他是骗子。
adv.①独自地，单独地：
Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.
在黑暗中独自行走，男孩吹口哨以壮壮胆。
It is dangerous for children under five years old to be left alone at home.
把5岁以下的儿童独自留在家里是危险的。
②(用于名词或代词后)只有，仅仅：Money alone cannot make you happy.光是金钱不可能使你幸福。
【拓展】①参看词条lonely。
②let alone更不用说，更不必说，更别提：
For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.对于大多数人来说，几乎不可能在没有鼠标的情况下操作电脑，更不用说上网了。
③leave alone不理，不管/惹，不烦扰，别管我，不要打扰我，别烦我：
You’d better leave me alone because I’m busy writing a letter to my parents.
你最好让我一个人待着，因为我正忙于给我父母写信。
I won’t change, so leave me alone.我不会改变的，你就别管我了。
I love you mummy, and don’t leave me alone.我爱你，妈妈，不要丢下我一个人不管我。
along adv.一道，向前：
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
史密斯教授和他的助手们一道夜以继地日为这个项目工作，以赶上最后期限。
Come along!来吧！
Let’s walk along.我们往前走吧。
prep.沿着，顺着：
I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.
我正沿着街道寻找停车的地方，这时事故发生了。
alongside adv.横靠着，傍着地，并排地：We brought our boat alongside.我们把船靠边。
prep.横靠，与……并肩/一起，在……旁边：
He parked his car alongside the fence.他把车停靠在围墙边。
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.
在我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存。
aloud adv.出声地，大声地：
Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
每天朗读一句谚语好几遍，直到你记住它。
【拓展】参看词条loud(ly)。
alphabet n.字母表：Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
另一种隐藏信息的方法是使用符号代表字母表中的特定字母。
already adv.已经：
He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official.
据说他已经离开了舞台，因为他当官了。
also adv.也，还，而且：
There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato.怀卡托也有大量的体育俱乐部。
This book is not only interesting but also good.这本书不仅有趣,而且内容也非常好。
alternative adj.可替代的，其他的：
As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative
energy.由于煤炭和石油越来越少，科学家们正在探索利用替代能源的新方法。
n.替换物，可能的选择，可能性之一：
In pursuing a dream, we might focus on only one way of making it come true., forgetting that there may be alternatives.在追求梦想的过程中，我们可能只专注于一种实现梦想的方法，而忘记了可能有其他选择。
【拓展】have no alternative but to do sth.除了做某事外没有其他的办法：
Finding himself under from all quarters, he had no alternative but to abandon his scheme for the time being.发现自己四面楚歌，他别无选择不得不放弃目前的计划。
although conj.尽管，虽然：
Although he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
这位老工人虽然技术知识有限，但经验丰富。
There is air around us, although we can’t see.我们的周围全是空气，尽管我们看不见。
【拓展】although不可以与but连用，但是可以跟yet连用：
Although she was busy with her work, yet she managed to find time to stay with her family.
虽然她忙于工作，但她还是挤出时间与家人在一起。
altitude n.海拔，高度，(常用复)海拔很高的地方：
What is the altitude of this village?这个村子海拔多少？
In these altitudes, snow never melts.在这么高的地方，积雪终年不化。
【拓展】参看词条attitude。
altogether adv.总共，完全，总而言之，总的说来：
Altogether there were 12 people in the bus.公共汽车上总共有12个人。
I forgot what he had said to me altogether.我完全忘记了他对我说的话。
The visitors felt not altogether satisfied.客人们并不完全满意。
He’s bad-tempered, selfish and altogether an unpleasant man. 
他脾气暴躁，自私自利。总而言之，是一个令人不快的人。
always adv.①总是，一直，永远：
The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。
They will always be friends.他们将永远是朋友。
②(用于进行时态)老是，总是：
Their children are always fighting.他们的孩子老打架。
For three years, no matter what the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around
8:00 am.三年来，不管天气如何，她总是在早上8点左右在公共汽车站等着。
a. m./am, A.M./AM n.上午：The program starts at 9 a.m.节目上午9点开始。
amateur n.业余爱好者，非职业(运动员等)：
Don’t let yourself be beaten by an amateur.不要让自己给一个业余运动员打败了。
Only amateurs can complete in the Olympic Games.只有非职业运动员才能参加奥运会比赛。
adj.业余爱好的，非职业的：
He was an amateur singer until the age of 40, when he turned professional.
他曾经是个业余歌手，直到40岁他成了专业的。
amaze v.使大为吃惊，使惊奇：
Your knowledge amazes me.你丰富的知识令我吃惊。
It amazed us to hear that you were leaving.听到你要走，我们都大为吃惊。
amazing adj.令人惊奇的：She has showed amazing courage.她表现出惊人的勇气。
【拓展】amazed adj.吃惊的，惊愕的(形容心理感受)：
The amazed expression on her face suggested she was amazed when she heard the news.
她脸上惊讶的表情表明她听到消息时很惊讶。
I was amazed at the letter, which was amazing to my classmates.
看到这封信我感到很惊讶，对我的同学来说它真是令人惊讶啊！
ambassador(ambassadress) n.(女)大使：
An ambassador(ambassadress)who did his/her best to prevent the war is of benefit to the place.
一位尽其所能阻止战争的(女)大使对当地是有益的。
ambiguous adj.模棱两可的，暧昧的，含糊的，不明确的：
The Foreign Secretary’s remarks clarify an ambiguous statement issued earlier this week.
外交大臣的话对本周较早时候发表的一份模棱两可的声明作出了澄清。
【拓展】ambiguity n.含糊，意义不明确，含糊的话，模棱两可的话：
There is considerable ambiguity about what this part of the agreement actually means. 
协议这一部分的真正含义很不明确。
The wording is likely to lead to ambiguity.这种措词可能会引出歧义。
ambition n.雄心，野心，理想，抱负：
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step，reflecting one’s ambition and great expectation.千里之行始于足下，体现了一个人的雄心壮志和远大期望。
You will achieve your ambition if you work hard.如果你努力，你的抱负是可以实现的。
His wild ambition was thoroughly exposed.他的狼子野心暴露无遗。
【拓展】ambitious adj.有雄心的，有抱负的，踌躇满志的，胸怀大志的，野心勃勃的：
My sister is quite ambitious and plans to get a Ph. D degree within one year.
我姐姐很有抱负，打算一年内拿到博士学位。
Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all.克里斯踌躇满志，决心要将它都做完。
They ventured on an ambitious program of reform.
他们冒然采取一项野心勃勃的改革计划。
ambulance n.救护车，救伤车：
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions until the ambulance arrived.
黛比接着做了一些常规的胸部按压，直到救护车来了。
America n.美国，美洲：
One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago.
大约50年前在南美洲进行了一次这样的实验。
His son went to a top university in America.他的儿子上了美国的一所顶级大学。
among prep.在……中间，在……(三个以上)之间，……中的之一：
George is a born leader and is popular among his classmates.
乔治是个天生的领导者，在同学中很受欢迎。
I didn’t find her among the crowd.我没在人群中找到她。
You are only one among many who need help.你不过是许多需要帮助的人之一。
amount n.数量：
Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.
如果我早知道这个计算机程序的话，那么就会节省大量的时间和精力了。
The amount of rain this year has been below average.今年的降雨量低于平均水平。
v.总计，等于(to)，意味着：
Your words amount to a refusal.你的话等于回绝了。
Their expenses amount to fifty dollars.他们的消费共计50美元。
【拓展】由“a large amount of”＋名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据of后面名词的数而定。而由large amounts of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.建造这座桥花了一大笔钱。
Large amounts of money were spent on the magnificent building.
这幢气派的大楼花了大量的钱。
ample adj.充足的，充分的：
You can’t overcome the difficulties without ample motivation.
没有足够的动力，你就无法克服这些困难。
amuse v.使某人开心，使发笑，逗某人：
The joke amused the children.这个笑话把孩子们逗乐了。
We were greatly amused to hear abut him sitting on the wet paint.
听到他坐了一屁股油漆，我们都觉得很好笑。
The children amused themselves by playing games.孩子们做游戏取乐。
【拓展】amused指心理感受；amusing指给他人的感受或印象：
There was an amused look on the President’s face.总统面带愉悦的神情。
Children are amused with toys and funny pictures.玩具和有趣的图片使孩子们很愉快。
I was amused to find that he and I were born on the same day.
我发现我和他同一天生日而感到有趣。
The announcer broadcasted a piece of amusing news.播音员报道了一条有趣的新闻。
amusement n.开心，乐趣，娱乐，游乐：
To our great amusement, the teacher sang a funny song during the class.
老师在课堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌，令我们非常愉快。
There were lots of amusements at the fair.那展览会场有很多有趣的东西。
It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.我们花了很长时间才到达游乐园。
analyse(Am analyze) v.分析，分解：
Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.
然后他们被要求回答一些问题来分析这些关系。
We can analyse water into hydrogen and oxygen.我们可以把水分解为氢和氧。
analysis n.分析，分解：We made a careful analysis of the problem.我们仔细分析了那个问题。
ancestor n.祖先，祖宗：
His ancestors came from France.他的祖先来自法国。
This machine is the ancestor of the modern computer.这台机器是现代电脑的始祖。
anchor n.锚：Anchors are used to hold a ship in place.锚用以使船不漂移。
v.①使(船)停泊，使(东西)固定：
The ship anchored(was anchored)in the bay.那条船停泊在港湾里。
Make sure the table is securely anchored.务必要把桌子固定好。
②使扎根，使基于：
My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
我的下一项工作是建造一个巢穴并把它固定在一棵树上。
Her novels are anchored in everyday experience.她的小说取材自日常生活经验。
③主持(电视、广播节目)：She anchored the evening news for seven years.她主持了七年晚间新闻报道。
ancient adj.古代的：
Some myths are stories told since ancient times to explain the causes for natural happenings.
有些神话是自古以来为解释自然发生的原因而讲的故事。
and conj.①和，又，而且：We were cold and hungry.我们饥寒交迫。
②然后，接着又：She read for an hour and went to bed.她读了一小时的书，然后就去睡了。
③(用于连接两个相同的词语，表连续性)：The train ran faster and faster.火车开得越来越快。
④(用在少数动词后表目的)：We ought to stop and think.我们应该停下来想一想。
⑤(用在祈使句后)那么：
Stand over there and you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.
站在那边去，那么你就能更好地看到油画了。
⑥而，却：He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life.他很富有，但却过着朴素的生活。
【拓展】①用在good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很、挺”：good and fast很快/nice and warm挺暖和。
②注意以下各句有无and的差别：
It being fine, we went out for a walk.=It was fine, and we went out for a walk.
天气很好，我们出去散步了。(前者是独立主格结构，后者是一个简单句)
anger n.生气，愤怒：
When I met him, I had a lot of anger inside of me.当我与他见面时，我内心充满了愤怒。
“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger.
“为什么要故意刁难我的家人？“杰西卡的父亲愤怒地说。
He left home in anger.他愤然离家出走。
angle n.角，角度，方面：
Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle to the boat.
那么你必须把帆放在船外。它应该与船成90度角。
Consider all angles of the question.请考虑这问题的各个方面。
【拓展】不要误写成“angel天使，天使般的人，守护神”。
angry adj. 生气的，愤怒的：
My consultant was obviously angry with me.我的顾问显然对我很生气我的顾问显然对我很生气。
I felt angry that they had left me out.他们没把我包括进去我很生气。
animal n.动物：A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own.
领地就是一种动物，通常是雄性，声称属于自己的区域。
ankle n.脚踝：I tripped and sprained my ankle.我摔了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。
anniversary n.纪念日：John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
约翰和我下个月将庆祝我们的四十周年结婚纪念日。
announce v.宣布，宣告，公布：
At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached.
会议结束时，宣布已达成协议。
No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps.目前还没有公布设计邮票的计划。
【拓展】①其后不接双宾语，可说：
He announced to her the good news.=He announced the good news to her.
他向她宣布了这个好消息。但不说：He announced her the good news。
②announcement n.通告，通知，宣布，公布，公告：
Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention? I have an important announcement to make.各位请注意，我有重要消息要宣布。
I’ve read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.我读了你在网上发布的夏令营公告，我对此很感兴趣。
annoy v.①使生气，使烦恼：
Brown said he was by no means annoyed.布朗说他一点也不生气。
It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”.遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。
②打扰，骚扰：Close the door if the noise is annoying you.要是觉得太吵，就把门关上。
【拓展】①对某事生气或烦恼，其后通常接介词at, about, by；对某人生气，其后通常接介词 with(不用to)：He got annoyed with me about my carelessness. 我太粗心大意，他很生气。
②annoyed与annoying：前者表示心理感受，后者表示事情所具有的性质或特征：
The lady repeated her question several times, but I still couldn’t catch on, which made her annoyed.那位女士把她的问题重复了好几遍，但是我还是没听懂，这使她很懊恼。
The result of the football match is really annoying.那场足球比赛的结果真让人生气。
③annoyance n.烦恼，恼怒，使人烦恼的事，不满，打扰：
Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满。
The problems were an annoyance, but we managed to cope with them.  
这些问题很让人烦恼，但是我们都设法解决了。
A dog that barks constantly can be a source of annoyance to the neighbours.
吠个不停的狗会惹邻居烦恼.
annual adj.一年一次的，每年的：
I decide to make a trip next October on my annual leave.我决定明年10月休年假去旅行。
n.年刊，年鉴：His essay is copied from a college annual.他的论文是从一本大学年刊上抄下来的。
another adj.再一个，另一个，别的，不同的：
Don’t lose heart. Have another try.别灰心，再试一次。
We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have another one this month.
上学期我们搞了一次野餐，很有趣，所以这个月我们再搞一次。
I think he’s just going to deal with this problem another day.我想他改天就要解决这个问题的。
pron.另一个人(物)：Then another rose to speak.接着另外一个人又起来发言。
【拓展】①another泛指多个中的“另外一个”，若特指两个当中的另一个，则用the other：
Please close the other eye.请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
②后接名词时，通常应是单数，若修饰复数名词，则复数名词前应有数词或few等修饰：
another three questions另外三个问题；another few days另外几天。
③有人认为 one another只用于三者或三者以上，each other只用于两者，但在现代英语中，两者常可换用。
④one after another一个接一个地，相继地：
In imagination I have bought all the farms, one after another.
想象中，我买了所有的农场，一个接一个。
The guests came one after another.客人们陆续来了。
⑤one another互相，彼此：
Students at cyber-schools usually do not know one another.
网络学校的学生通常彼此不认识。
answer n.①回答，回信：Have you had an answer to your letter?你那封信有回音了没有？
②(以行动)回应：I rang the bell but there was no answer.我按了门铃，但没有人来开门。
③答案，解决办法：
It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes.
的确，有时候一个人不知道你的问题的答案。
v.①回答，回信：I asked her the time but she didn’t answer.我问她时间，可是她没回答。
②以行动回应：
She answered with a smile.她报以一笑。
I telephoned this morning, but nobody answered.今天上午我打过电话，但是没有人接。
③满足于：This tool will answer our needs.这工具能满足我们的需要。
【拓展】①answer for对……负责，保证，代表，得到报应：
—The new worker is often late for work.
—Tell him he shall answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.
“那个新来的工人上班经常迟到。“告诉他如果他继续那样做的话，他要为此负责。”
You have created a monster, and someday you will answer for it. 
你造成了一个怪物，终有一天你会得到报应的。
②in answer to作为对……的回答(回应)：
In answer to his question, she shook her head.对于他的问题，她以摇头作答。
ant n.蚂蚁：An ant will sacrifice himself for his friends.每只蚂蚁都愿意为了朋友牺牲自己.
Antarctic adj.南极的：
The Antarctic Circle is the boundary of this region of lightness.南极圈就是这一明亮地带的边界。
anticipate v.预料，预期，预见，预计(并做准备)，期盼，期望：
Hearing the doorbell, I ran to answer it but found my brother had anticipated me and let the guests in.
听到门铃声，我应声去开门，但发现我弟兄已经先于我开了门让客人进来了。
To have faith is to believe that the path we are traveling along is longer than what we can anticipate.
信念就意味着要相信我们所走的路要要长于我们的预期。
【拓展】anticipation n.期待，希望，预期，预测，预感
He bought extra food in anticipation of more people coming than he’d invited.
他预料来的客人会比邀请的多，就多买了食物。
Investors were storing up a lot of cash in anticipation of disaster
投资者预料会出现灾难，正在储备大量现金。
antique n.古董，古玩：
I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks.我想给你提一些收集古董钟的建议。
anxiety n.挂虑，忧虑，渴望，焦虑，不安：
The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives.
无休止的选择会引起人们生活中的焦虑。
I felt anxiety about [for] his safety.我很担心他的安全。
anxious adj.忧虑的，焦急的，焦虑的，渴望的：
We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the results of the experiment.
我们焦急地等了几周等实验结果。
He is anxious to study at that university.他渴望到那所大学上学。
【拓展】anxious与eager：两者均可表示“渴望的”，意思比较相近，有时可互换；但表示“担心的”、“焦虑的”时，只能用 anxious：
We’re anxious about/for her health.我们担心她的健康。
any pron.①(用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中)一些，任何：
Is there any left?还有剩的吗？
There won’t be any trouble.不会有任何麻烦。
②任何一个：Take any you like. 你喜欢哪个就拿哪个。
adj.①(用于否定句、疑问句或条件句)一些，任何：
Are there any letters for me?有我的信吗？
He worked hard but without any success.他做了努力，但没有成功。
②任何(一个)：Any child would know that.任何一个孩子都知道这事。
【拓展】①表示“任何”，指三者或三者以上当中的任何一个，不能指两者中的任意一个，指两者中的任意一个，要用either，因此可说either of my parents，但不说 any of my parents。
②按英语习惯，any 用于否定句时，应出现在否定词之后而不是之前，如可说：I haven’t any friends，但不能说：Any friend didn’t help me。
③adv.完全，任何程度：The children didn’t behave any too well.孩子们的表现并未见好。
anybody pron.任何人，无论谁，随便哪一个人：
He attempted to escape from the prison, but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.
他企图越狱，但是他没有能够找到任何可以帮助他的人。
Anybody will tell you where the bus stop is.无论谁都会告诉你公共汽车站在哪里。
She wasn’t anybody before she got that job.她在获得那个职位之前不过是个无名之辈。
anyhow adv.①无论如何，不管怎样：
An expert says, “I think it is unpredictable for nature. You don’t know what will happen but anyhow, we are preparing.”一位专家说：“我认为大自然是不可预测的，你不知道将会有什么事情发生。但不管怎样，我们都在时刻准备着”。
The door won’t open anyhow.这门无论用何种方法也打不开。
②随便地，胡乱地：He left his books and papers anyhow.他的书籍和报纸放得很乱。
anyone pron.任何人，谁，无论谁(=anybody)
anything pron.
①(用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中)什么事(物)，：
The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I have ever had before.
咖啡棒极了！它尝起来不像我以前吃过的任何东西。
Did he say anything?他说什么了吗？
②任何事(物)：We could talk about anything.我们谈什么都可以。
【拓展】①anything but根本不，一点不，绝对不：
He is anything but polite.他一点都不懂礼貌。
—What do you think of the lecture given yesterday afternoon?
—It was anything but interesting. How I wish the lecturer had spent more time preparing!
“昨天下午的讲座怎样？”“一点没趣。讲课者要是准备得充分点该多好啊！”
He is anything but a poet.他绝不是诗人。
②anything like有些像，类似：
He isn’t anything like his father.他一点也不像他父亲。
Never having seen anything like this style of architecture before, we thought we were looking at giant sculptures, not buildings.因为之前没有看见过类似风格的建筑，我们还以为我们看到的是巨大的塑像，而不是建筑物。
anyway adv.无论如何，不管怎样(=anyhow)：
I’m certain David’s told you his business troubles. Anyway, it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.我敢肯定大卫告诉过你他生意上的麻烦。不管怎样，他欠银行很多钱也不是什么秘密。
Anyway, he must have eaten a lot because now he is fat.
无论如何，他一定吃得很多，因为现在他胖了。
anywhere adv.
①(用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中)在(或往)什么地方，某个地方：
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.
图书馆内任何地方都不允许使用手机通话。
Did you go anywhere yesterday?你昨天去没去过什么地方？
If you want to go anywhere else, let me know.你要到别的什么地方去，就告诉我一声。
②任何地方：
Rome has tried to protect fish more than anywhere else in the world.
罗马比世界上任何地方都更努力地保护鱼类。
【拓展】参考词条everywhere, nowhere, somewhere。
apart adv.①分开，分离：He stood far apart from me.他远离我站着。
He and his son are living apart.他和他的儿子不住在一起。
②相距，相隔：I’m afraid our ideas are too far apart.恐怕我们的意见相差太远。
③撇开，除去：Consider a question apart from the others.撇开其他问题而单独考虑某一问题。
【拓展】①apart from除……以外还有……，除……以外别无……：
Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.
除了良好的服务以外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。
Apart from(Except for)a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.
除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。
Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach, the forest was silent.
除了大象肚子偶尔发出的声音外，森林里一片寂静。
②tell…apart把……区分开
The two sisters look so much alike that it is difficult to tell them apart.
两姐妹长得太像了，很难把她们区分开。
apartment n.公寓，一套房间：
I’m calling about the apartment you advertised the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
我打电话是想了解一下你们日前做广告的公寓楼的情况。请您给说详细点，好吗？
apologize v.道歉，认错：
Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.
只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉的时候，我才会和他说话。
I apologize for not being able to join you for dinner.我很抱歉不能和你一起吃饭。
【拓展】apology n.道歉，歉意：
I think maybe we owe you an apology.我想我们应该向你道歉。
I must make an apology to your aunt for forgetting her birthday.
我把你婶婶的生日给忘了，得向她道歉。
Please accept my apologies.请接受我的歉意。
apparent adj.①明显的，显而易见的：It was apparent that she didn’t hear what I said.很明显她没听见我说的话
②表面的，外观上的：
His reluctance was only apparent.他不过是表面上不愿意罢了。
An idiom often cannot be understood by looking at the meaning of its separate words. In other words, its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.一个谚语通常只拆开看单词的意思是不能背理解的，换句话说，它的意思可能和它们表面成分的意思很不相同。
appeal v.①呼吁，要求，对……有吸引力，引起兴趣(连用to)：
In order to enhance the friendship between our two schools, our school has appealed to the students to donate books to your Chinese class.为了增进我们两所学校之间的友谊，我们学校呼吁学生们向你们的汉语班捐赠书籍。
一How did you like Nick’s performance last night? “你认为昨晚尼克的表演如何？”
一To be honest, his singing didn’t appeal to me much.“说实话，他的演唱并不太吸引我”。
②诉诸于，向……求助：
You should not appeal to force.你们不应该诉诸武力。
We will appeal to a great variety of source of information.我们将求助于各种资料信息来源。
n.①呼吁，恳求：
Their appeal for help was not noticed.他们求助的呼吁未受到注意。
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.他最後一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
②吸引力：
Small cars are economical of fuel, so they have more appeal for consumers.
小型车节省燃料，因此对消费者有更大的吸引力。
appear v.①出现，露面：The stars appear at night.星星在晚上出现。
You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster.
你只需要确保黑板上的单词出现在你的海报上。
The new edition is scheduled to appear in May.新版本定于5月露面(出版)。
②看来，似乎：
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal.
社会判断中“温暖”和“冷漠”的感觉似乎是普遍存在的。
appearance n.①出现，露面，到场：His sudden appearance surprised her.他的突然出现使她吃惊。
②外表，外貌：
Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in what they are wearing.有些人很在意自己的外表，总是问自己所穿的好看不好看。
Never judge by/from appearance(s).切勿以外貌取人。
appendix n.①附录，附言，补遗：
This is the appendix to the investigation report.这是调查报告的附件。
The details are clearly set out in an appendix.详细情况在一个附录里清楚列出。
②阑尾：The doctor said the appendix is not important for us.那个大夫说阑尾对我们来说并不重要。
appetite n.食欲，胃口，欲望，渴望：
Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites.
红色会使人的血压升高，增加食欲。
He has a great appetite for knowledge.他渴望知识。
applaud v.鼓掌，欢呼，称赞，赞成：
As the girl walked off the stage, the entire audience stood on their feet clapping to applaud her honesty.
当女孩走下舞台，所有的观众站起来为她的诚实鼓掌欢呼。
I applaud your decision.我赞成你的决定。
apple n.①苹果：An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一日一苹果，医生远离我/医生不上门。
②宝贝，珍宝：
He regard his new bike as the apple of his eye.他把他的新自行车视为珍宝。
How happy it would be to be the apple of one’ s eye! 
能成为一个人的掌上明珠(宠儿)将是何等的幸福！
【拓展】a bad apple坏人，害群之马：There’s always a bad apple everywhere.处处都有害群之马。
applicant n.请求者，申请者：
The secretary arranged a convenient time and space for the applicants to have an interview.
秘书为申请者参加面试安排了方便的时间和地点。
application n.①申请，请求：
I have already finished my application and resume.我已经完成了我的申请和简历。
②申请表，申请书：Please fill in this application form.请填写这份申请表。
③应用，运用：
Due to the application of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
由于这种医疗技术的应用，一些疾病在早期可以得到治疗。
apply v.①申请：Mary’s teacher recommends that she apply for the post in the company.
玛丽的老师建议他申请公司里的这个职位。
②应用，使用，适用：
Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them. It is not true, though.
有些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非
③集中精神，专注：She applied herself to learning English.她专心学习英语。
appoint v.①委派，任命：He was appointed ambassador.他已被任命为大使。
②指定，约定(时间、地点等)：
Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to guard her.
Amie Salmon身受残疾，在她的学业生涯中，有一个指定的护士专门来照顾她。
appointment n.①约会，约定：
Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
早上好。我和史密斯小姐已经预约了在人事部见面。
I have an appointment to Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.
我预约了史密斯大夫，但是我现在需要改变一下这个预约。
②职务，职位：He has an appointment in the Foreign Office at present.他目前在外交部任职。
appreciate v. ①欣赏，鉴赏：It’s very hard for the children to appreciate the poetry.让孩子们欣赏这样的诗很难。②感激：I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。
③意识到：We appreciate the danger ahead.我们意识到危险临头。
【拓展1】①后接动词时用动名词，不用不定式：
We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。
②表示感激时，其宾语通常是 help, kindness 等表“事物”的名词，不能是指人的名词(比较：thank后接要感谢的人)。
③是及物动词，其后必须有宾语，如下句中的 it 不能省略：
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
【拓展2】appreciation n.评论，欣赏，鉴赏，感激，感谢：
There is an appreciation of the poet’s work in the book.
那本书中有对诗人作品的评论。
She shows little appreciation of good music.她对于好音乐几乎没有欣赏能力。
Words could not express my appreciation of this stranger’s kindness.
言语无法表达我对这位陌生人的好意的感激。