2022年高考英语语法知识梳理-- - 状语从句学案

这是一份2022年高考英语语法知识梳理-- - 状语从句学案，共3页。
状语从句总结及练习
由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。
(一)时间状语从句
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, befre, till (until), since, nce, as sn as (或the mment ), by the time, n sner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。
e.g. When I came int the ffice, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as sn as he received the news.
Once yu see him, yu will never frget him.
N sner had I gne t bed than I went t sleep.
(二)原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , nw that(既然)等，fr 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词，语气不如because强。
e.g. He is disappinted because he didn't get the psitin.
As it is raining, I will nt g ut.
Nw that yu mentin it, I d remember.
(三)地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever yu like.
Make a mark where yu have a questin.
(四)目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是s, s that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in rder that, in case(以防，以免)等。
e.g. Speak clearly, s that they may understand yu.
She has bught the bk in rder that she culd fllw the TV lessns.
He left early in case he shuld miss the train.
(五)结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由s that (从句谓语一般没有情态动词), s … that, such … that等引导。
e.g. She was ill, s that she didn’t attend the meeting.
He was s excited that he culd nt say a wrd.
She is such a gd teacher that everyne admires her.
(六)条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, s (as) lng as, n cnditin that, s (as) far as, if nly ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
e.g. If he is nt in the ffice, he must be ut fr lunch.
Yu may brrw the bk s lng as yu keep it clean.
S far as I knw(据我所知), he will be away fr three mnths.
Yu can g swimming n cnditin that ( = if ) yu dn’t g t far away frm the river bank.
If he had cme a few minutes earlier, he culd have seen her.
(七)让步状语从句
让步状语从句可由althugh, thugh, as, even if (thugh), hwever, whatever, whether … r, n matter wh (when, what, …) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
e.g. Thugh he is a child, he knws a lt.
Child as he is, he knws a lt.
Whatever ( = N matter what ) yu say, I’ll never change my mind.
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as, as if (thugh), the way, rather than等引导。
e.g. Yu must d the exercise as I shw yu.
He acted as if nthing had happened.
(九)比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用than, s (as) … as, the mre … the mre等引导。
e.g. I have made a lt mre mistakes than yu have.
He smkes cigarettes as expensive as he can affrd.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
(十)使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. We’ll g uting if it desn’t rain tmrrw.
I’ll write t yu as sn as I get t Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。
e.g. When (he was) still a by f ten, he had t wrk day and night.
If (yu are) asked yu may cme in.
If (it is) necessary I’ll explain t yu again.
3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。
e.g. Yu are t find it where yu left it.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the address where he lives.(定语从句，句中有先行词)
I dn’t knw where he came frm.(宾语从句)
Where he has gne is nt knwn yet.(主语从句)
This place is where they nce hid.(表语从句)