2022年高中英语语法知识梳理--时间状语从句学案

这是一份2022年高中英语语法知识梳理--时间状语从句学案，共7页。学案主要包含了从属连词的分类，名词短语作从属连词，时间从属连词的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

时间状语从句 一、从属连词的分类
一、从属连词的分类
1.表示“当……时候”或“每当”的从属连词：when，while，as，whenever
Dn’t talk while yu’re eating.吃饭时不要说话。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh.蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。
He came just as I was leaving.我正要走时他来了。
I’d like t see yu whenever it’s cnvenient.一有方便的时间，我就去看你。
2.表示“在……之前（或之后）”的从属连词：befre，after
Try t finish yur wrk befre yu leave.离开前设法把工作做完。
After we have finished tea，we will sit n the grass.喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。
3.表示“自从”或“直到”的从属连词：since，until，till
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight.她从八岁起就打网球了。
Hld n until I fetch help.坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。
时间状语从句 二、名词短语作从属连词
二、名词短语作从属连词
1.the+瞬间名词
the mment，the minute，the instant，the secnd 表示“一……就……”
Telephne me the mment yu get the results.一有结果，马上给我打电话。
The minute he saw her he fell in lve.他对她一见倾心。
I was s tired that I fell asleep the instant I clsed my eyes.我很累，一合上眼就睡着了。
She put dwn the receiver the secnd she recgnized my vice.
她一听出是我的声音，马上就放下电话听筒。
【比较】 一听到这个消息，我马上就来了。
①I came here as sn as I heard the news.
②I came here immediately/directly/instantly I heard the news.
③I came here the mment/the minute/the instant I heard the news.
④ On hearing the news，I came here.
⑤ At the news，I came here.
2.the+季节名词
the spring/summer/autumn/winter表示“在……的那年春/夏/秋/冬天”
His wife left him the spring he went abrad.他出国的那年春天，他的妻子离开了他。
He sld his huse and went t the suth the summer he lst his jb.
在他失业的那年夏天，他卖掉房子去了南方。
She gt married the autumn she graduated frm cllege.
她大学毕业的那年秋天就结婚了。
He was sent t prisn the winter his third daughter was brn.
在他第三个女儿出生的那年冬天，他被关进了监狱。
3.the+时间名词
the hur/day/night/week/mnth/seasn/year
表示“在……的时候/那天/那晚/那周/那月/那个季节/那年”
The hur he was in her ffice，he felt very sad.当他在她办公室的时候，他感到很伤心。
The day he returned hme，his father was already dead.
他回家的那一天，父亲已经去世了。
The night I went t see her，she had left fr Beijing.我去看她的那晚，她去了北京。
The year he lived in the cuntry，he learned a lt.在乡下的那一年，他学到了不少东西。
Mr Smith didn’t g t wrk the week his wife was ill.
史密斯先生在他妻子生病的那个星期没去上班。
4.the+序数词+time
the first time/the secnd time/the next time/the last time 第一次/第二次/下次/上次
My girlfriend beat me at chess the first time we played.
我头一次和女朋友下棋，她就把我打败了。
The secnd time I saw her，she lked like an ld wman.
我第二次见到她时，她看上去像一个老太婆。
The third time I went there，I fund all f the ffices were all empty.
我第三次去那儿时，发现所有的办公室都是空的。
Next time yu cme in，please clse the dr.下次你进来，请关门。
The last time we talked he said he needed anther tw days.
上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。
5.不定代词+time
every time/each time/any time 每次/每次/随时
Every time I ring her，the phne is engaged.我每次给她打电话，电话都占线。
He felt nervus each time she spke t him.每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。
Any time yu cme t Lndn d cme t see me.
无论什么时候来伦敦，你一定要来看我。
时间状语从句 三、时间从属连词的用法
三、时间从属连词的用法
1.when
（1）when引导的时间状语从句中，既可用短暂性动词也可用延续性动词。
I bught the car when I received my first salary.
我是在领第一笔薪水的时候买的车。（短暂性动作）
Dn’t get excited when yu talk.说话的时候不要激动。（延续性动作）
（2）when引导时间状语从句时，要遵循“主将从现”原则。
I shall tell her the gd news when she cmes.她来时，我将告诉她这个好消息。
When I grw up，I’ll be a nurse and lk after patients.
我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
（3）whenever表示过去或现在的习惯动作，意为“每当……的时候”。
We shall g whenever we are free.我们一有空就去。
They were sclded whenever they were late fr schl.每当他们上学迟到都要挨骂。
2.while
（1）while引导的时间状语从句中，只能用延续性动词。
They arrived while I was sunbathing.当我正在进行日光浴时，他们来了。
While we were talking，he came in.我们正在谈话时，他进来了。
（2）while表示“在……过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句与从句的谓语动作同时发生。
Keep an eye n my little sister while I am away.我不在时，请照看一下我的小妹妹。
While yu are yung，yu must wrk hard.趁年轻的时候，你要努力工作。
3.as
（1）as引导时间状语从句时，多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生。
As I waited at the stp，I heard a big nise.在车站等车时，我听到一个很大的声响。
She rse up as he entered.他进来时，她站了起来。
（2）as意为“随着……”，表示随着时间的变化而变化。
We get wiser as we get lder.我们随着年龄的增长而变得越来越聪明。
As the sun rse the frg dispersed.太阳出来雾就消散。
【比较】 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
①As the day went n，the weather gt wrse.（as引导时间状语从句）
②With the day ging n，the weather gt wrse.（with短语作主语）
4.till，until
（1）till和until 一般可以互换，意为“直到……为止”。
They waited till/until I returned.他们一直等到我回来。
I shall wrk till/until eleven ’clck.我要工作到11点。
（2）短暂性动词用于“nt ”句式；延续性动词则用肯定式。
She wrked until ne ’clck in the mrning.她一直工作到凌晨一点。（延续性动词）
She did nt stp wrking until ne ’clck in the mrning.
她一直工作到凌晨一点。（短暂性动词）
（3）“nt until ...”置于句首时用倒装形式。
Nt until 1998 did he return t his hmetwn.直到1998年他才回到家乡。
Nt until Father came back did we begin t have supper last night.
昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。
（4）“nt ”句式的强调形式。
It was nt until yesterday that I nticed it.直到昨天我才注意到此事。
It was nt until I saw Mary that I felt happy.直到见到玛丽我才高兴起来。
5.since
（1）since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，意为“自从……以来”。
Since I left schl till nw，I have written t him twice.
自从我离开学校到现在，我给他写过两封信。
Since he went t Shanghai，I have nt heard frm him.
自从他去了上海以后，我就没有接到过他的信。
（2）“It is+一段时间+since”句式
It is a lng time since he left.自从他离开，已经有很长时间了。
It is three years already since he came t study in this university.
自从他到这个大学来学习，已经有三年了。
（3）since引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词用短暂性动词和延续性动词意义不同。
Since he began t live here，I have nt seen him.
自从他住到这里，我就没有见过他。（短暂性动词）
Since he lived here，I have nt seen him.
自从他离开这里，我就没有见过他。（延续性动词）
It is tw years since I served in the army.自从我复员以来已经两年了。（延续性动词）
It is tw years since I began t serve in the army.我参军已经两年了。（短暂性动词）
6.befre
（1）表示“在……之前”
We d want t buy smething nw befre prices g up.
在物价上涨之前我们的确想买点东西。
The train had left befre I arrived at the statin.在我到达车站之前火车已开走了。
（2）表示“在……之后才……”
It was midnight befre he came back.他半夜以后才回来。
The American Civil War lasted fur years befre the nrth wn in the end.
美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利。
（3）表示“还未来得及……就……”
Smene called me up，but they hung up befre I culd answer the phne.
有人给我打电话，可是我还没来得及接，电话就挂断了。
He jumped int the water befre I culd stp him.
我还没有来得及阻止他，他就跳进了水里。
（4）表示“趁着……”
We can set ff early befre it gets ht.我们可以趁着天不热早点出发。
Yu’d better write the phrases dwn befre yu frget them.
趁着你还没有忘记，赶紧把这些词组写下来.
Please put them away befre they are missing.趁着还没有丢，把它们收好吧。
（5）表示“不知不觉多少时间已经过去了”
Time passed quickly and three years went by befre he knew it.
时间飞快地流逝，不知不觉中三年已过去了。
Several weeks had gne by befre I realized the painting was missing.
几周过去了，我才意识到这幅画不见了。
It was 过了（多长时间）才……
It will be 要用（多长时间）才……
It wasn’t 没过（多长时间）就……
It wn’t be 用不了（多长时间）就会……