2022年高考英语语法知识梳理-- - 人称代词学案

2022年高考英语语法知识梳理--人称代词人称代词的句法作用一、人称代词的句法作用1.作主语You can’t eat your cake and have it.（谚语）两者不可兼得。He is a doctor and she is a teacher.他是医生，她是教师。【提示】 作主语时要用人称代词的主格。2.作表语Oh，it’s you.噢，是你。It’s she who helps me with German.帮我学习德语的是她。（she是被强调的主语）【提示】 口语中作表语时常用宾格。— Who broke the vase？ 谁打碎了花瓶？— Me.（me=It’s me.）我。3.作宾语（1）动词宾语Mr Li teaches us chemistry.李老师教我们化学。We often go to see her on Sundays.我们常在星期天去看她。（2）介词宾语You are really above me in maths.你在数学方面确实比我强。Father bought several story books for them.父亲给他们买了几本故事书。人称代词的排列顺序二、人称代词的排列顺序1.表示礼貌时Mary and I are classmates.玛丽和我是同学。You，she and I all enjoy music.你、她和我都喜欢音乐。We，you and they are all fond of music.我们、你们，还有他们都喜欢音乐。He and she won’t quite agree to this plan.他和她不同意这计划。Nobody wanted to go except him and her.除了他和她外，没有一个人想去。I and my children are watching TV now.我跟孩子正看电视。My parents，my wife，I and our children are going to be present at your wedding.我的父母、妻子、我自己及孩子将出席你的婚礼。2.承担责任或承认错误时It was I and Tom who broke the window.窗户是我和汤姆打破的。I and he are to blame for the accident.我和他应为事故负责任。人称代词的宾格三、人称代词的宾格1.作宾语时人称代词用宾格My mother loves me.妈妈爱我。（me作宾语）Give them some books.给他们些书。（them作间接宾语）This apple is for her.这苹果是给她的。（her作介词for的宾语）【提示】 口语中宾格也可以作异形主语。“I’m tired.” “Me，too.” “我累了。”“我也是。”“Who broke the window？” “Not me.” “谁打破了窗子？”“不是我。”2.比较状语从句中（1）than后的主语可以用主格或宾格。He is taller than I/me.他比我高。He is as old as she/her.他和她一样大。（2）在可能造成歧义的情况下，主格宾格不能换用。He loves you more than I.他爱你胜过我爱你。He loves you more than I love you.He loves you more than me.他爱你胜过爱我。He loves you more than He loves me.人称代词的特殊用法四、人称代词的特殊用法1.she表示爱称，可以代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机、月亮、大地、河流等China has risen，she is no longer what she used to be.中国站起来了，她不再是从前那个中国了。She’s a fine ship.这艘船很不错。The moon is shining brightly tonight.She is like a round silvery plate.今夜月光明亮。她好似一个银色的圆盘。Our country has strong leaders.May she always have them！我国有强有力的领袖，但愿祖国永远有这样的人！2.故事中常把动物人格化，用he或sheThe dog waved his tail when he saw his master.那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。Would you please take care of my little parrot？ She needs good care.你能照看一下我的鹦鹉吗？她需要好好照顾。The elephant is proud of himself，for he has a big and strong body.大象很骄傲，因为他有庞大强壮的身体。3.he泛指一般的人He that steals an egg will steal an ox.敢偷蛋，必敢偷牛。He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最美。人称代词it的用法五、人称代词it的用法1.指上文提到的东西Look at the bird.It always comes to my window.瞧那只小鸟，它老飞到我的窗口来。【比较】①I have lost my umbrella；I’m looking for it.（it特指“同名同物”）②I have lost my umbrella；I think I must buy one.（one泛指“同名异物”）2.指不知性别的child和babyThe child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。What a beautiful baby it is！ 多漂亮的宝宝呀！3.指未出场身份不明确的人— Listen.Someone is crying.听，有人在哭。— Oh，it must be Mary.噢，一定是玛丽。— Who’s knocking at the door？ 谁在敲门？— It must be the postman.肯定是邮递员。4.指时间、天气、环境、距离等It is damp and cold，I think it’s going to rain.天气又冷又潮，我认为可能要下雨。（天气）What day is it today？ 今天星期几？（时间）It’s very noisy in the room.屋里噪音很大。（环境）It’s 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。（距离）5.代替某些指示代词或不定代词“What’s this？” “It’s a flag.” “这是什么？”“一面红旗。”“Whose book is that？” “It’s hers.” “谁的书？”“她的。”Nothing is wrong，is it？ 没出啥事，是吧？6.用于强调句中It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上是我父亲在实验室做实验。（强调主语）It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上我父亲在实验室里做的是实验。（强调宾语）It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.我父亲是昨天晚上在实验室做实验的。（强调时间状语）It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.我父亲昨天晚上是在实验室里做实验的。（强调地点状语）7.作形式主语Is it necessary to tell his father everything？有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗？（代替不定式）It’s no good sitting up too late.熬夜没有好处。（代替动名词）It is quite clear that he has read the book.很显然，他读过这本书。（代替主语从句）8.作形式宾语They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。（代替宾语从句）He makes it a rule never to borrow money.他立志决不向别人借钱。（代替不定式）I think it no need talking about it with them.我认为没必要跟他们谈。（代替动名词）I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.我不喜欢他那么懒惰。（代替that引导的从句）I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。（代替when引导的从句）9.用于固定搭配中as it is 实际情况是　　　　　believe it or not 信不信由你get it 明白了　　　　　　　　it’s up to sb.由……决定it all depends 看情况而定　　make it 成功、做到take it/things easy 不要慌　 that’s it 就是这样