中考英语语法专题十二：感叹句、祈使句学案

这是一份中考英语语法专题十二：感叹句、祈使句学案，共5页。学案主要包含了祈使句，感叹句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考语法专题十二：感叹句、祈使句 一、祈使句祈使句是用来表达﹑命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止的句子。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化，句末用句点或者感叹号，读时用降调，在祈使句的句首或者句末加上please，以使语气更加委婉客气。祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式。1.肯定祈使句⑴ 动词原形+其他。 Open the door，please.请打开门。⑵ Let’s +动词原形+其他。Let’s go to the park this Sunday.这个星期天咱们去公园吧。辨析：let’s与let usLet’s 是包括讲话者的谈话对象在内。Let’s try it again.让我们(一起)再试试吧。let us不包括讲话者的谈话对象在内。Let us try it again. 让我们(自己)再试试吧。⒉ 否定祈使句⑴ Don’t+动词原形+其他。Don’t play football on the road!不要在马路上踢足球！⑵ Let sb not +动词原形+其他。Let’s  not make so much noise here.咱们不要在这大声吵闹。⑶ Never+动词原形+其他。Never be late for school.上学从来不要迟到。⑷ 有些祈使句可用no开头，用来表示禁止。No smoking！禁止吸烟！⒊祈使句的回答因为祈使句通常表示将来要发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或者won’t。——Don’t forget to do your homework.不要忘记做你的作业。——I won’t.. 我不会忘记的。总结：◆肯定结构的祈使句常以谓语动词原形开头。◆否定结构的祈使句常在谓语动词原形前加上Never或Don’t。◆以let引导的祈使句结构，有以下几种情况：1.“Let me+动词原形”，意为“请让我……”。2.“Let’s +动词原形”，意为“让我们……”，表示建议或请求。3.“Let+第三人称作宾语+动词原形”，意为“让……”，表示愿望、命令或允许。◆在开头的动词原形前加Do（务必）或Always（永远），表示强调。如：    Do write to us often! 务必经常给我们写信。二、感叹句感叹句是用来表达说话人对某人、某物或某件事表示赞美、惊讶、喜悦、气愤或悲哀等语气的句子，这类句子有强烈的感情，句尾用感叹号。感叹句通常由how或what引出。⒈如果对句子中的名词或名词词组表示感叹，用what引出。⑴ What+a/an+adj.+单数名词+主语+谓语（+其他成分）！其中主语和谓语可以省略。What an interesting book (it is)!多有趣的一本书啊！⑵ What+ adj.+名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语（+其他成分）！其中主语和谓语可以省略。  What beautiful flowers (they are)!多漂亮的花啊！⒉如果对句子中的形容词、副词或动词表示感叹，用how引导。⑴ How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语（+其他成分）！     How hard the people are working!这些人们工作多努力啊！⑵ How+主语+谓语！    How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！总结：◆what通常修饰名词，引导的感叹句的结构为：1. What + a(n) +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语+其他！2. What +形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语+其他！3. What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他！◆how通常修饰副词或形容词，引导的感叹句的结构为：1. How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语！2. How +主语+谓语！  一、祈使句专练Ⅰ. 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 这边请！  _____ _____, please!2. 我来帮你吧。   ____ ____ help you.3. 我们休息一下吧。   _____ _____ a rest.4. 让她走吧。   _____ _____ leave.5. 要永远记住那个可怕的日子。   _____ _____ that terrible day.6. 务必告诉他这个消息！   _____ _____ him the news!Ⅱ. 单项选择(  ) 7. _____ this kind of peach, and you will like it.    A. To try  B. Trying   C. Try   D. Tried(  ) 8. _____ the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now.    A. Not turn on                B. Don’t turn onC. Not turn down                  D. Don’t turn down(  )9. —Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.—OK, I _____.A. will   B. won’t   C. do   D. don’t(  )10. —Peter, don’t step on the grass.—______. A. It doesn’t matter               B. I can’t do it C. Don’t worry                  D. Sorry, I won’t do it again(  )11. — Remember to ask her to call me back.—______.A. Never mind                  B. That’s right C. Up to you                 D. All right(  )12. —Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine.—¬______. It’s boring to stay at home.A. Sounds great                B. Not at all     C. Forget it                 D. No way(  )13. —______ late for school again, Tim!—Sorry, I promise that I ______.A. Don’t; won’t        B. Don’t be; won’t  C. Don’t be; don’t     D. Don’t; will(  )14. Boys and girls, ______ up your hands if you want to go for a picnicthis weekend.A. putting       B. to put     C. put   D. puts二、感叹句专练：Ⅰ. 按要求完成下面的句子，每空一词。1. These flowers are very beautiful. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ these flowers are!2. The little boy is very clever. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ the little boy is!3. It’s a funny story. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ _______ story it is!4. What a good girl she is! (改为同义句)  _______ _______ _______ girl she is!5. How delicious the food is! (改为同义句)  _______ _______ food it is!6. They are running fast. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ they are running!7. Her sister is a very lovely girl. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ lovely girl her sister is!  _______ _______ her sister is!8. I have read a very interesting book. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ _______ book I have read!9. Your dictionary is very useful. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ your dictionary is!10. The children are singing and dancing happily. (改为感叹句)  _______ _______ the children are singing and dancing!Ⅱ. 单项选择(  ) 11. What a friendly person _______! We all like talking with him.  A. is it      B. is he       C. it is        D. he is(  ) 12. _______ swimming in this river!A. How great fun                B. What great fun    C. How a great fun             D. What a great fun(  ) 13. _______ sad news it is! We must try our best to help them out of trouble.    A. What a  B. What       C. How a    D. How(  ) 14. What _______ fine weather we have these days!A. a    B. the    C. /     D. an(  ) 15. _______ lovely day! Let’s go for a walk.    A. What   B. What a    C. How     D. How a(  ) 16. _______ dangerous it is to ride on a busy road!A. What   B. What a   C. How     D. How a(  ) 17. _______ great time we had last week!A. How    B. How a     C. What     D. What a(  ) 18. _______ man he is!A. What strange a               B. How a strange C. What a strange             D. What strange (  ) 19. _______ interesting it is to swim in the sea.A. How   B. What a     C. What    D. How a(  ) 20. _______ the soup tastes!  A. How good   B. How well    C. What good    D. What well