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英语选择性必修 第二册Grammar and usage教学课件ppt
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第二册Grammar and usage教学课件ppt，共19页。PPT课件主要包含了Lead-in等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Grammar and usage
Passive vice in the past cntinuus and past perfect tenses
Lk at the sentences and answer the questins.
a When I hurried t the stre, I saw the bks were already being packed int bxes. b When I hurried t the stre, I saw the bks were already packed int bxes.
1 What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)?Passive vice in the past cntinuus tense is used in sentence (a) and passive vice in the past simple tense is used in sentence (b). In sentence (a) the actin was being dne while in sentence (b) the actin was already finished. 2 Which sentence emphasises prcess and which emphasises result?Sentence (a) emphasises prcess and sentence (b) emphasises result.
a At the start f the detx, ver 100 students had been persuaded t stp using scial media, in ANY frm, fr seven days.b At the start f the detx, peple had persuaded ver 100 students t stp using scial media, in ANY frm, fr seven days.
1 Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded befre the detx started, r afterwards? The students were persuaded befre the detx started.2 What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)? They differ in vice. The passive vice is used in sentence (a), while the active vice is used in sentence (b).
Explring the rules
My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I fund a shady place t rest my tired bdy. My cheeks were red, and I culd hear myself breathing heavily as I lked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned t nrmal, I reflected n what had just been achieved. Six weeks ag, my friends tld me that a city half-marathn fr amateurs was being rganized t help raise mney fr charity, and encuraged me t take part. Despite my lack f running experience, I agreed. In rder nt t hurt my knees r ankles, I started my training very gently by running just ne kilmetre n the first day. Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training sessin and als made sure t allw my bdy enugh time t rest and recver after each run. Sn I was running distances I had never thught pssible. The day f the half-marathn finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast s I knew I culd get thrugh t the end. I ran my race relaxed and cnfident, even thugh my limits were being tested like never befre. I was happy t learn that a lt f mney had been raised fr charity. I felt really prud f myself, and my friends and I agreed t run in the next city marathn!
Find the sentences that use the passive vice in the past cntinuus and past perfect tenses and fill in the table.
city half-marathn fr amateurs was being rganized... ...，even thugh my limits were being tested like never befre.
...，I reflected n what had just been lt f mney had been raised fr charity.
The passive vice in the past cntinuus tense is used t refer t an actin being dne at a specific time in the past. The verb frm is “(1) ______________________”.The passive vice in the past perfect tense is used t express an actin cmpleted befre a past time. The verb frm is “(2) ______________________”.
was/were being dne
Wrking ut the rules
had been dne
1 It was an amazing achievement fr a player wh _________________ (injure) s recently.2 The swimming pl _________________ (clean) thrughly the day befre the cmpetitin began.3 He felt that his talents _________________ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager fr a change.4 Tm was tld that his teammate wn the race while he _________________ (treat) by the team dctr.5 Phts f the riders _________________ (take) befre they gt n their hrses.
Cmplete the sentences with the crrect frms f the verbs.
Applying the rules
had been injured
had been cleaned
were being wasted
was being treated
had been taken
By the time Cathy and I, tgether with ther vlunteers fr the city half-marathn, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1) _________________ n bth sides f the rad. Bttles f water and paper cups (2) _________________ t different tables, s Cathy and I immediately went t help. Then, we tk ur place at the table and quickly started t arrange the bttles and cups s that they lked like an army f sldiers standing in line fr inspectin. I tk a step back, and lked at the scene with satisfactin. Fr the previus cuple f weeks, I (3) _________________ n hw t be a vlunteer fr the half-marathn. I decided t vlunteer fr this year’s half-marathn after the chairman f the rganizing cmmittee visited my schl. We were tld that the cmpetitrs wuld be raising mney fr charity, and while I didn’t feel that I had a strng cnstitutin t run that far, I thught the next best thing wuld be t help thse wh culd.
Cmplete the passage with the crrect frms f the verbs in the bx.
make train blw place carry cheer
had been placed
were being carried
had been trained
After all the preparatins (4) _________________, the exciting half-marathn began. Cathy and I waited patiently until wrd spread that the first runners wuld be arriving sn. As the tired, thirsty runners ran alng, they (5) ___________________ by the crwds. Cathy and I quickly pured water int the cups fr them. After the last runner passed, I fund paper cups and plastic bttles everywhere. The litter (6) _________________ arund by the wind as I bent ver t pick up a plastic bttle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really gd t knw that we had been able t help thers.
had been made
were being cheered
was being blwn
过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 一 过去进行时的被动语态 （一）构成肯定句：主语 + was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语+ was/were + nt + being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语+ being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were +（主语 +）being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? Anther bridge was being built ver the Yangtze River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。The mvie star wasn’t being fllwed by a fan. 那个电影明星没有被粉丝跟踪。Was a new library being put up in their schl last year? 他们学校去年正在建一座新图书馆吗？ What was being dne t the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？
（二）用法（1）过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。He was being interviewed by ur directr yesterday afternn. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。This film was being shwn then. 那时这部电影正在上映。（2）过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时可以用完成时态的被动语态。The huse ver there was being built fr tw mnths. （×） The huse ver there has been built fr tw mnths.（√）The watch was being repaired twice.（×） The watch has been repaired twice.（√）
（三）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别过去进行时的被动语态表示的是过去正在进行且尚未完成的被动动作，而一般过去时的被动语态表示已经完成的被动动作。This rad was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候正在修建。This rad was built last year. 这条路是去年修建的。
◆单句语法填空(1) A meeting ______________（hld）when I was there.(2)The cllege ______________（build）at this time last year.(3) They were living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse ________________ （rebuild）.(4)Was the TV set ______________（fix） this time yesterday?(5)After schl we went t the reading-rm t d sme reading, nly t be tld that it ____________________（decrate）.(6)The man ____________________（questin） by the plice at that time.
was being held
was being built
was being rebuilt
being fixed
were being decrated
was being questined
◆改写句子 (7) At that time the villagers were destrying their frest.=At that time their frest _______________________by the villagers.(8)We were preparing the feast when it began t snw utside.=The feast _______________________ by us when it began t snw utside.(9)We were cleaning the rms at nine yesterday mrning.=The rms ______________________ by us at nine yesterday mrning.
was being destryed
was being prepared
were being cleaned
二 过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某一时间或动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。（一）构成肯定句：主语 + had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + had + nt + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? By the time the teacher came in，the first experiment had been finished. 老师进来的时候，第一个实验已经完成了。The classrm hadn’t been cleaned befre the teacher came in. 老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。Had the new plan been discussed befre the meeting started? 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗？
（二）用法（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by the time，befre 等引导的时间状语连用。By the time we gt there，all the tickets had been sld ut. 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与fr，since 等引导的时间状语连用。It was reprted that the sale had been advertised fr several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了。（3）用在宾语从句中，常放在tld，said，knew，heard， thught，wndered 等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。He tld us that the prject had been cmpleted. 他告诉我们工程竣工了。
（4）在“It was the + that从句”句型中， 当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“这是第一/ 二……次……”。It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖。（5）在“Hardly/Scarcely ”和“N sner had... than...”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一……就……”。Hardly had the frnt dr been pened when we culd smell smething burning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。（6）在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been invited there，I wuld have gne with yu. 如果我受到邀请去那里的话，我就会和你一起去了。
Grammar and usage
Passive vice in the past cntinuus and past perfect tenses
Lk at the sentences and answer the questins.
a When I hurried t the stre, I saw the bks were already being packed int bxes. b When I hurried t the stre, I saw the bks were already packed int bxes.
1 What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)?Passive vice in the past cntinuus tense is used in sentence (a) and passive vice in the past simple tense is used in sentence (b). In sentence (a) the actin was being dne while in sentence (b) the actin was already finished. 2 Which sentence emphasises prcess and which emphasises result?Sentence (a) emphasises prcess and sentence (b) emphasises result.
a At the start f the detx, ver 100 students had been persuaded t stp using scial media, in ANY frm, fr seven days.b At the start f the detx, peple had persuaded ver 100 students t stp using scial media, in ANY frm, fr seven days.
1 Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded befre the detx started, r afterwards? The students were persuaded befre the detx started.2 What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)? They differ in vice. The passive vice is used in sentence (a), while the active vice is used in sentence (b).
Explring the rules
My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I fund a shady place t rest my tired bdy. My cheeks were red, and I culd hear myself breathing heavily as I lked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned t nrmal, I reflected n what had just been achieved. Six weeks ag, my friends tld me that a city half-marathn fr amateurs was being rganized t help raise mney fr charity, and encuraged me t take part. Despite my lack f running experience, I agreed. In rder nt t hurt my knees r ankles, I started my training very gently by running just ne kilmetre n the first day. Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training sessin and als made sure t allw my bdy enugh time t rest and recver after each run. Sn I was running distances I had never thught pssible. The day f the half-marathn finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast s I knew I culd get thrugh t the end. I ran my race relaxed and cnfident, even thugh my limits were being tested like never befre. I was happy t learn that a lt f mney had been raised fr charity. I felt really prud f myself, and my friends and I agreed t run in the next city marathn!
Find the sentences that use the passive vice in the past cntinuus and past perfect tenses and fill in the table.
city half-marathn fr amateurs was being rganized... ...，even thugh my limits were being tested like never befre.
...，I reflected n what had just been lt f mney had been raised fr charity.
The passive vice in the past cntinuus tense is used t refer t an actin being dne at a specific time in the past. The verb frm is “(1) ______________________”.The passive vice in the past perfect tense is used t express an actin cmpleted befre a past time. The verb frm is “(2) ______________________”.
was/were being dne
Wrking ut the rules
had been dne
1 It was an amazing achievement fr a player wh _________________ (injure) s recently.2 The swimming pl _________________ (clean) thrughly the day befre the cmpetitin began.3 He felt that his talents _________________ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager fr a change.4 Tm was tld that his teammate wn the race while he _________________ (treat) by the team dctr.5 Phts f the riders _________________ (take) befre they gt n their hrses.
Cmplete the sentences with the crrect frms f the verbs.
Applying the rules
had been injured
had been cleaned
were being wasted
was being treated
had been taken
By the time Cathy and I, tgether with ther vlunteers fr the city half-marathn, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1) _________________ n bth sides f the rad. Bttles f water and paper cups (2) _________________ t different tables, s Cathy and I immediately went t help. Then, we tk ur place at the table and quickly started t arrange the bttles and cups s that they lked like an army f sldiers standing in line fr inspectin. I tk a step back, and lked at the scene with satisfactin. Fr the previus cuple f weeks, I (3) _________________ n hw t be a vlunteer fr the half-marathn. I decided t vlunteer fr this year’s half-marathn after the chairman f the rganizing cmmittee visited my schl. We were tld that the cmpetitrs wuld be raising mney fr charity, and while I didn’t feel that I had a strng cnstitutin t run that far, I thught the next best thing wuld be t help thse wh culd.
Cmplete the passage with the crrect frms f the verbs in the bx.
make train blw place carry cheer
had been placed
were being carried
had been trained
After all the preparatins (4) _________________, the exciting half-marathn began. Cathy and I waited patiently until wrd spread that the first runners wuld be arriving sn. As the tired, thirsty runners ran alng, they (5) ___________________ by the crwds. Cathy and I quickly pured water int the cups fr them. After the last runner passed, I fund paper cups and plastic bttles everywhere. The litter (6) _________________ arund by the wind as I bent ver t pick up a plastic bttle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really gd t knw that we had been able t help thers.
had been made
were being cheered
was being blwn
过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 一 过去进行时的被动语态 （一）构成肯定句：主语 + was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语+ was/were + nt + being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语+ being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were +（主语 +）being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? Anther bridge was being built ver the Yangtze River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。The mvie star wasn’t being fllwed by a fan. 那个电影明星没有被粉丝跟踪。Was a new library being put up in their schl last year? 他们学校去年正在建一座新图书馆吗？ What was being dne t the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？
（二）用法（1）过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。He was being interviewed by ur directr yesterday afternn. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。This film was being shwn then. 那时这部电影正在上映。（2）过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时可以用完成时态的被动语态。The huse ver there was being built fr tw mnths. （×） The huse ver there has been built fr tw mnths.（√）The watch was being repaired twice.（×） The watch has been repaired twice.（√）
（三）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别过去进行时的被动语态表示的是过去正在进行且尚未完成的被动动作，而一般过去时的被动语态表示已经完成的被动动作。This rad was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候正在修建。This rad was built last year. 这条路是去年修建的。
◆单句语法填空(1) A meeting ______________（hld）when I was there.(2)The cllege ______________（build）at this time last year.(3) They were living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse ________________ （rebuild）.(4)Was the TV set ______________（fix） this time yesterday?(5)After schl we went t the reading-rm t d sme reading, nly t be tld that it ____________________（decrate）.(6)The man ____________________（questin） by the plice at that time.
was being held
was being built
was being rebuilt
being fixed
were being decrated
was being questined
◆改写句子 (7) At that time the villagers were destrying their frest.=At that time their frest _______________________by the villagers.(8)We were preparing the feast when it began t snw utside.=The feast _______________________ by us when it began t snw utside.(9)We were cleaning the rms at nine yesterday mrning.=The rms ______________________ by us at nine yesterday mrning.
was being destryed
was being prepared
were being cleaned
二 过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某一时间或动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。（一）构成肯定句：主语 + had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + had + nt + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? By the time the teacher came in，the first experiment had been finished. 老师进来的时候，第一个实验已经完成了。The classrm hadn’t been cleaned befre the teacher came in. 老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。Had the new plan been discussed befre the meeting started? 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗？
（二）用法（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by the time，befre 等引导的时间状语连用。By the time we gt there，all the tickets had been sld ut. 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与fr，since 等引导的时间状语连用。It was reprted that the sale had been advertised fr several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了。（3）用在宾语从句中，常放在tld，said，knew，heard， thught，wndered 等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。He tld us that the prject had been cmpleted. 他告诉我们工程竣工了。
（4）在“It was the + that从句”句型中， 当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“这是第一/ 二……次……”。It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖。（5）在“Hardly/Scarcely ”和“N sner had... than...”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一……就……”。Hardly had the frnt dr been pened when we culd smell smething burning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。（6）在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been invited there，I wuld have gne with yu. 如果我受到邀请去那里的话，我就会和你一起去了。
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