牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Grammar and usage授课课件ppt
展开1 My cheeks were red,and I culd hear myself breathing heavily as I lked up at the blue sky. 我的脸颊通红,抬头仰望蓝天时,我能听到自己沉重的喘息声。hear + 宾语 + 宾补在hear 复合结构中,宾补通常由省略t 的动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词充当。(1) 省略t的动词不定式表示动作发生过或者经常发生。I heard him sing in the next rm last night. 昨晚我听见他在隔壁房间唱歌。I ften hear Dris talk abut her emtinal life. 我经常听到多丽丝谈论她的感情生活。(2) 现在分词作宾补,宾语与宾补是主动关系,表主动进行。I heard him singing in the next rm at 11 ’clck last night. 昨晚11 点我听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。Hardly had she sat dwn when she heard smene kncking at the dr. 她还没来得及坐下来,就听到有人敲门。(3)过去分词作宾补,宾语与宾补是被动关系,表被动。We can hear the windws beaten by the raindrps. 我们能听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。
◆说明(1) 除hear 外还有一些动词,如see,ntice,watch,feel 等,也可用省略t 的动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。I saw him enter the hall. 我看见他进了大厅。I lked up and nticed a snake winding its way up the tree t catch its breakfast. 我抬头一看,发现一条蛇正蜿蜒爬树,准备捕捉它的早餐。As sn as he entered the ffice,he nticed his cup brken. 他一进办公室就注意到他的杯子被打碎了。(2) 省略 t 的不定式作宾语补足语时,如变成被动句,应加上 t,这时不定式成为主语补足语;分词作宾语补足语时,如变成被动句,则不需要变化,可直接用作主语补足语。I heard the students sing an English sng. 我听到学生们唱了一首英文歌。→ The students were heard t sing an English sng. I heard the students singing an English sng. 我听到学生们正在唱一首英文歌。→ The students were heard singing an English sng.
◆单句语法填空(1)I wn’t hear anything (say)against him behind his back. (2) After a knck at the dr,the child heard his mther’s vice (call)him. (3) He said he stayed at hme last night. But his father insisted that he heard him __________(g)ut at eight ’clck. (4) The manager was satisfied t see many new prducts (develp)after great effrts.
2 Six weeks ag,my friends tld me that a city half-marathn fr amateurs was being rganized t help raise mney fr charity... 六个星期前,我的朋友告诉我,一个业余爱好者的城市半程马拉松正在组织,以帮助筹集慈善资金…… amateur n. 业余运动员,业余爱好者;生手,外行 adj. 业余的(1) The turnament is pen t bth amateurs and prfessinals. 这次锦标赛业余选手和职业选手均可参加。Jerry is an amateur wh dances because he likes it. 杰瑞是一位业余(舞蹈)爱好者,他跳舞是因为他喜欢。This wrk was dne by a bunch f amateurs! 这项工作是一帮外行干的! (2) Angela says she lngs t jin an amateur dramatics class. 安吉拉说她渴望参加业余戏剧班。
◆语块积累a bunch f amateurs 一帮外行an amateur phtgrapher 业余摄影爱好者amateur athletics 业余体育运动◆单句语法填空(1)He was amateur singer until the age f 40, when he turned prfessinal. (2) I wn’t give them any mre wrk—they’re a bunch f (amateur).
3 Over the next six weeks,I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training sessin... 在接下来的六个星期里,我逐渐增加了每次训练的距离…… gradually adv. 逐渐地,逐步地(→ gradual adj. 逐渐的,逐步的,渐进的) (1)Gradually,a picture came int view. 渐渐地,一幅图画映入眼帘。In the gd care f the nurses,the by is gradually recvering frm his heart peratin. 在护士的精心照料下,这个男孩在心脏手术之后正逐渐恢复。(2) There has been a gradual imprvement in ur sales figures ver the last tw years. 在过去的两年里,我们的销售额在逐步上升。
◆语块积累deepened gradually 逐渐加深a gradual change f climate 气候的逐渐变化◆单句语法填空(1) (gradual),she realized that he wasn’t telling her the truth. (2) Electricity lines t 30,000 hmes were (gradual)being restred yesterday.
gradually
sessin n. 一段时间,一场;会议,开庭;学年(1)The curse is made up f 12 tw-hur sessins. 这门课总共上12 次,每次两小时。(2) The cmmittee met in clsed sessin(= with nbdy else present). 委员会举行了秘密会议。The curt is nw in sessin. 法庭现在正在开庭。◆语块积累a questin-and-answer sessin 问答时间a pht/recrding/training sessin 一次摄影课/ 一场录音课/ 一堂训练课a sessin f the UN General Assembly 一届联合国大会in sessin 在开庭;在开会summer sessins 暑期班
◆单句语法填空(3) After tw late night (sessin),the Security Cuncil has failed t reach agreement. (4) Frm September until December,Cngress remained sessin. (5) The 21-year-ld runner twisted his ankle in training sessin last Friday.
4 I ran my race relaxed and cnfident,even thugh my limits were being tested like never befre. 我轻松自信地跑着比赛,尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。形容词(短语)作主语补足语We went hme frm schl,tired and hungry. 我们从学校回到家,又累又饿。He left hme withut a wrd,determined never t return. 他一句话没说就离开了家,决定再也不回去了。Cruse stared at the dead by,full f fear. 克鲁索盯着死去的男孩,充满了恐惧。Yur friend cmes t schl very upset. 你的朋友来上学时心烦意乱。She sat there,silent. 她坐在那儿,一声不吭。
◆说明 形容词的上述用法还可理解为形容词(短语)作状语, 表示伴随、让步或结果等,该形容词(短语)的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。They spent seven days in the wind and snw,cld and hungry. 他们又冷又饿地在风雪中度过了七天。(伴随) Unhappy,she returned t wrk. 尽管不高兴,她还是回去工作了。(让步) The dg fell dwn,dead. 那条狗倒下,死了。(结果) ◆单句语法填空(1) (devte)and united,Chinese peple are wrking fr a new China. (2) (lse) in thught,he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
limit n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限vt. 限制,限定; 限量,减量(→ limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限的) (1)Even belw the drinking limit,driving will be affected. 即使是低于饮酒限度,开车也会受到影响。There is a limit t the amunt f pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。The EU has set strict limits n levels f pllutin. 欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限制。He tried my patience t its limits. 他把我的耐心逼到了极限。I’m willing t help,within limits. 我愿意帮忙,可是有一定限度。(2)The amunt f mney yu have t spend will limit yur chice. 你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。Families are limited t fur free tickets each. 每户限发四张免费票。(3) We are ding ur best with the limited resurces available. 我们用可获得的有限资源在尽最大的努力。If yu have a strng ability t learn,there are almst limitless pssibilities. 如果你有强大的学习力,你就有几乎无限的可能。
◆语块积累(1)a limit t... 对……的限制set limits n... 对……加以限制the time/speed/age limit 时间/ 速度/ 年龄限制within limits 在某种范围内;适度地the city limits 市区范围within a twenty-mile limit 20 英里范围内(2) measures t limit carbn dixide emissins 限制二氧化碳排放的措施 把……限制在……
◆单句语法填空(3) There is n limit hw much fresh fruit yu can eat in a day. (4) The (limit)f a persn’s intelligence are fixed at birth,but whether he reaches these limits will depend n his envirnment. (5) Dn’t be afraid t set limits the amunt f time spent in frnt f the cmputer r the TV. (6) Yur rder will be delivered free f charge a ten-mile limit. (7) I’ve limited myself 1,000 calries a day t lse weight. (8) I believe teaching shuld nt (limit)t the classrm. (9) This dictinary uses a (limit)number f wrds arund 2,000,in its definitins.
be limited
5 Then,we tk ur place at the table and quickly started t arrange the bttles and cups s that they lked like an army f sldiers standing in line fr inspectin. 然后, 我们在桌子旁坐下,迅速开始整理瓶子和杯子,让它们看起来像一队士兵站成一排接受检查。s that 引导结果状语从句s that 引导结果状语从句,意思是“所以,结果”,表示从句动作已经发生。He adjusted his pace,s that his sn caught up with him. 他调整了步伐,所以他儿子赶上了他。We paid him immediately s that he left cntented. 我们立即付钱给他,结果他满意地走了。
◆说明(1) s that 也可以引导目的状语从句,意思是“为了,以便”,表示目的,从句动作尚未成为现实,此时相当于in rder that,从句中常有 will,wuld,can,culd, may,might 等情态动词。We paid him immediately s that/in rder that he wuld leave cntented. 我们立即付钱给他,以便让他满意地离去。(2) s that 引导的目的状语从句只能用于主句之后,in rder that 引导的目的状语从句还可以置于句首。In rder that he culd find a getaway n the map,he put n his glasses. 为了在地图上找到适合度假的地方, 他戴上了眼镜。
◆用s that/in rder that 填空(1)He sat at the crner he survived the accident. (2) we culd get t the cmpany n time,the bss tk sme measures. (3) He grasped her arm firmly she culd avid falling ff the ladder.
In rder that
s that/in rder that
6 I didn’t feel that I had a strng cnstitutin t run that far,I thught the next best thing wuld be t help thse wh culd. ……虽然我觉得自己的体质不够强壮,跑不了那么远,但我想退而求其次的办法是帮助那些有能力的人。cnstitutin n. 体质,身体素质;宪法,章程He must have an extremely strng cnstitutin. 他肯定有极为强健的体格。Accrding t the American Cnstitutin,presidential electins are held every fur years. 依据美国宪法,总统大选每四年举行一次。◆语块积累have a healthy/strng/weak cnstitutin 体质健康/ 强壮/ 虚弱the right t vte under the cnstitutin 根据宪法所拥有的选举权accrding t the cnstitutin... 依照宪法……
7 Cathy and I quickly pured water int the cups fr them. 我和卡西赶紧把水倒进杯子里给他们喝。pur vt. & vi. 倒,斟;倾倒,倒出;涌流,倾泻;下大雨; 不断涌向(1)I was in the kitchen,puring ut drinks. 我在厨房里倒饮料。I’ve pured a cup f tea fr yu. 我给你倒了一杯茶。Let’s see if I can pur the juice int the glass withut spilling it. 咱们看看我能不能把果汁倒进玻璃杯里而不把它洒出来吧。Althugh I pured it carefully,I still managed t spill sme. 尽管我倒得很小心,还是洒了一些。(2)Tears pured dwn his cheeks. 眼泪顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。Thick black smke was puring ut f the rf. 黑色浓烟从屋顶滚滚冒出。She pured ut her trubles t me ver a cup f cffee. 她一面喝着咖啡,一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。The rain cntinued t pur dwn. 大雨哗哗地下个不停。It never rains but it purs. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆。/ 祸不单行。
(3)Letters f cmplaint cntinue t pur in. 投诉信纷至沓来。Peple came puring ut f the statin. 人们涌出车站。Peple pured int the square frm all parts f the city. 人们从全市各处涌向广场。Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. 从古希腊时代起,人们就开始涌入体育场。 [2021·全国乙卷] ◆语块积累pur the cffee 倒咖啡pur sb. a cup f tea/pur a cup f tea fr sb. 给某人倒杯茶 把……倒入…… pur ut 毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等);表露无遗; 畅所欲言pur ut ne’s heart(t sb.)(向某人)倾诉心里话pur frm/pur ut f... 从……涌出pur int... 大量涌进……
◆单句语法填空(1)Pur the hney the bwl and mix it thrughly with the ther ingredients. (2) Friends are thse whm we can pur ut ur heart when we’re sad. (3) The sweat was puring her face by the end f the race. (4) I was standing in the (pur)rain fr an hur waiting fr my bus. (5) When the mvie ended,the crwd pured the street.
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