英语Unit 1 People of Achievement巩固练习

这是一份英语Unit 1 People of Achievement巩固练习，共8页。试卷主要包含了 【解析】选C， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
四　Unit 1　Period 4Ⅰ. 阅读理解Stephen Hawking knew what he wanted to do by the time he was eight years old. His parents lived in London where his father was researching medicine. He did not want to follow his father as his parents hoped. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did physics instead. Stephen was interested in studying the universe. 　　But when he was 21, he was told that he had ALS—an incurable nerve disease, which affects walking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and many other things. The doctors predicted that he had only a few years to live. “The doctor’s grim(残忍的)prognosis(预测) made me determine to get the most from life I had previously taken for granted and life was no longer boring for me, ” Hawking said, speaking from his wheelchair through a computerized voice synthesizer. 　　In 1988, Stephen Hawking published a book called A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. The book tries to explain many of Hawking’s physical and mathematical ideas and calculations without using maths. The book became a best-seller. His later books were Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays and most recently in 2001, The Universe in a Nutshell. Of the three, the first one was made into a film in 1991. 　　Hawking says, “You have to be positive if you’re to get much sympathy or help. Nowadays, muscle power is out of date. What we need is mind power —and disabled people are as good at that as anyone else. ”【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了著名的物理学家霍金对研究领域的选择, 何时患病, 患病后的态度以及所取得的成就等。1. What career did Hawking’s parents want him to study in the university? A. Physics. 　　　　　　 B. Geography. C. Medicine.      D. Mathematics. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的二、三句 “His parents lived in London where his father was researching medicine. He did not want to follow his father as his parents hoped. ”可知, 故选C。2. Which book of Stephen Hawking’s was made into a movie? A. The Universe in a Nutshell. B. Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays. C. On the Shoulders of Giants. D. A Brief History of Time. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, 文中列举的霍金写的三本书中, 他的第一本书A Brief History of Time在1991年被拍成了电影, 故选D。3. From the second paragraph, we can learn that before he knew his disease, Hawking _______.  A. focused his attention on his researchB. was very bored with lifeC. always valued timeD. was interested in everything around him【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“The doctor’s grim prognosis made me determine to get the most from life I had previously taken for granted and life was no longer boring for me”可知霍金在此之前对生活的态度并不积极, 觉得生活没有意思, 故选B。4. According to Hawking, his disease _______.  A. stopped him from making greater achievementsB. stopped him from becoming more famousC. made him focus all of his attention on researchD. caused him to lose hope of living【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段末句 “What we need is mind power —and disabled people are as good at that as anyone else. ”可知, 正是因为他的疾病才使得他把精力放在他最擅长的领域, 故选C。Ⅱ. 阅读填句　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。　　What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? I think the following would be generally accepted. 　　Firstly, the teacher’s personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. 　1　.  　　Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have real capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of children. 　2　. —not of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of children, which cause them to make mistakes.  　　Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. 　3　. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act—to enliven(使生动)a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise.  　　A teacher must be capable of infinite patience. 　4　,  for we are none of us born like that.  　　Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. 　　　5　;  there is always something more to learn about. There are three principal objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which the subjects can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; most importantly, the children, young people, or adults to whom the subjects are to be taught.  A. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-trainingB. Closely related to this is the capacity to be tolerantC. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfectD. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than lifeE. There is no contradiction (自相矛盾)in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actorF. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustratedG. There are two fundamental principles of British education today【语篇概述】本文介绍了老师应该具有什么样的品质。1. 【解析】选F。本段介绍了作为老师相貌平平无所谓, 但是要具有人格魅力。但是性格上有问题的人就要排除在外, 比如容易过于兴奋, 悲伤, 冷酷或者沮丧的人就不适合做老师, 故选F。2. 【解析】选B。根据上下文可知, 老师应该富有同情心, 能够理解孩子们的感情, 对孩子们的不成熟的做法能够宽容, 故选B。3. 【解析】选E。根据下文可知, 表演也是老师的教学技巧之一, 老师们为了使课堂活跃起来偶尔也需要表演, 故选E。4. 【解析】选A。根据上文可知, 老师必须要有足够的耐心, 另外根据下文的we are none of us born like that可知, 这种能力不是天生的, 在很大程度上是自律和自我训练的结果, 故选A。5. 【解析】选C。根据上下文可知, 老师永远有新的东西要去学习, 所以永远不会非常完美, 故选C。Ⅲ. 完形填空　　Dante Gabriel Rossetti was a famous 19th-century poet and artist. One day, he was 　1　 by an elderly man. The old fellow had some sketches and drawings that he wanted Rossetti to look at and tell him if they were any good, 　2　 if they at least showed 　3　 talent.  　　Rossetti examined them carefully. After the first few, he knew that they were 　4　, showing not the least sign of artistic talent. But Rossetti was a kind man, and he told the elderly man as 　5　 as possible that the pictures were 　6　 much value and showed little talent. He was sorry, but he could not 　7　 to the man. The visitor was disappointed, but seemed to 　8　 Rossetti’s judgment.  　　He then apologized for taking up Rossetti’s time, but 　9　 to ask whether he would just look at a few more drawings—these done by a young art student. Rossetti looked over the second batch of sketches and immediately became 　10　 over the talent they revealed. “These, ”he said, “oh, these are good. This young student has great talent. He should be given every help and encouragement in his 　11　 as an artist. He has a great future if he will work hard and 　12　 it. ” 　　Rossetti could see that the old fellow was deeply 　13　. “Who is this fine young artist? ” he asked. “Your son? ” “No, ” said the old man sadly. “It is me—40 years ago. If only I had heard your 　14　 then!  For you see, I got discouraged and gave up—too 　15　. ” 【语篇概述】文章通过一个画家的故事给我们讲述了一个人生道理: 通往成功的路没有捷径, 任何时候都要相信自己, 要经受住挫折的打击, 不能轻言放弃。1. A. thrilled　  B. approached　  C. hunted　　 D. admired【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据后面一句可知, 老人拿着素描和画作让Rossetti鉴赏, 那个老人是来拜访Rossetti的。thrilled使激动; approached接近; hunted狩猎; admired钦佩。故选B。2. A. or   B. and   C. but   D. while【解析】选A。词语辨析题。句意: 这位老人有一些素描和画作, 他想让Rossetti看看, 告诉他, 它们有什么好, 或者至少展示出潜在的才能。or或者; and并且; but但是; while在……同时。根据句意可知此处表示“或者”。故选A。3. A. amazing   B. extraordinaryC. potential   D. equal【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据“and tell him if they were any good, _______ if they at least showed _______talent”老人想让Rossetti看看自己的画作好不好, 是不是能够展现他的潜在的才能。amazing令人惊异的; extraordinary非凡的; potential潜在的; equal平等的。故选C。 4. A. worthless  B. expensiveC. humorous   D. satisfactory【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文“the pictures were _______much value and showed little talent. ”可知, 他认为这些画是毫无价值的。worthless无价值的; expensive昂贵的; humorous滑稽的; satisfactory令人满意的。故选A。 5. A. rudely   B. proudly   C. awkwardly   D. gently【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据本句中的“Rossetti was a kind man”可知, 他是温和地说。rudely粗鲁地; proudly自负地; awkwardly尴尬地; gently温和地; 故选D。6. A. with   B. on    C. without   D. under【解析】选C。词语辨析题。这些画没有什么价值, 也展示不出什么才华。with带有; 和, 同; 一起; on在……上面; without无, 没有; under在……下面。故选C。7. A. lie   B. rush    C. salute   D. owe【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据上半句“He was sorry”和后面的but可推知, 他很抱歉, 但是不好意思对老人说谎。lie说谎; rush冲, 闯; salute行礼致敬, 打招呼; owe欠, 欠钱。故选A。8. A. refuse   B. expect   C. confirm    D. doubt【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据下文老人想让Rossetti再看一些画, 可知, 他很期待Rossetti的评价。refuse拒绝; expect期望;  confirm确认; doubt怀疑。故选B。9. A. hesitated   B. offered   C. threatened   D. hated【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境推理, 老人又想让Rossetti看画, 又怕会耽误Rossetti的时间, 所以会犹豫一下。hesitated犹豫;  offered提供; threatened威胁; hated憎恨。故选A。10. A. bored   B. annoyedC. enthusiastic   D. desperate【解析】选C。词语辨析题。根据下文“oh, these are good. This young student has great talent. ”可知, Rossetti认为这些画的作者有才华, 所以会对这些画提起热情。bored无聊的, 烦人的; annoyed烦闷的; enthusiastic热情的; desperate令人绝望的。故选C。11. A. career   B. reputationC. personality   D. promise【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知, 此处表示画画这一事业。career事业;  reputation名声, 名誉; personality个性, 品格;  promise许诺。故选A。12. A. date back to   B. forgetC. remember    D. stick to【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据前半句“He has a great future”可知条件是他能够努力付出并坚持下去。date back to追溯到; forget忘记; remember记住; stick to忠于, 坚持。故选D。13. A. challenged   B. appreciatedC. disturbed    D. moved【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意: Rossetti可以看到这位老人被深深地打动了。因为老人终于得到了Rossetti的评价, 他非常感动。challenged挑战; appreciated欣赏, 感激; disturbed打扰; moved打动, 使……感动。故选D。14. A. voice   B. praise   C. proposal   D. lecture【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。句意: 要是我当初听到你的表扬就好了! 由于现在听到这种称赞已经晚了, 所以此处表示要是早些听到表扬就好了。voice嗓音; praise赞扬, 称赞;  proposal提议; lecture演讲。故选B。15. A. late   B. simply   C. eagerly   D. soon【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意: 我感到灰心丧气, 很快就放弃了。结合句意可知, 此处表达早早就放弃了。late晚地; simply简单地, 仅仅, 简直; eagerly迫切地; soon很快。故选D。Ⅳ. 语法填空　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。　　The “selfie” is used to describe the self-taken photo, often from a smart phone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time, and he only ends up 1. ________(post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the 2. _____(good). In that picture, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terrible that has happened to him 3. ___________(remove), because that smile is what gives him the 4. ___________(determine) to love himself.  　　I read 5. ___________ poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you 6. ___________ you love, the answers will most likely roll off your tongue. You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom, your daughter, or your friends. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say ’I love 7. ___________(I)’ ” 　　That statement hit me like a ton of bricks. I’ve struggled with 8. ___________(confident) all my life. I still do. And in no way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway 9. ___________ confidence. However, the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals 10. ___________(express) themselves.  【语篇概述】为什么越来越多的人喜欢自拍? 自拍会提高你的自信心, 自拍会让你更好地表达自己。1. 【解析】posting。考查固定短语。end up doing以……而告终, 故填posting。2. 【解析】best。考查形容词最高级。人们都会选择自认为最漂亮的照片发在网上, 所以用best。3. 【解析】is removed。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 在这个时候, 无论是好的还是坏的都会被去除掉。全文是一般现在时, 所以用被动语态, 故填is removed。4. 【解析】determination。考查名词。微笑给了他爱自己的决心, 所以用名词determination放在定冠词the后, 故填determination。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。我最近读过一首诗。所以用a表示一个, 故填a。6. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。根据回答可知问题是: 你爱什么, 故填what。7. 【解析】myself。考查代词。文章讲的是自拍让人们自爱自信, 所以用myself。8. 【解析】confidence。考查词性转换。作介词的宾语, 应当用名词。9. 【解析】to。考查介词。a gateway to someplace 通往某处的入口, 故填to。10. 【解析】to express。考查非谓语动词。allow sb.  to do sth. 允许某人做某事, 不定式作宾语补足语, 固定结构。阅读理解(2021·伊春高二检测)“I really wrote it for me, It was what I found funny and what I liked”. Those are the words of J. K. Rowling, author of the enormously popular Harry Potter books. The quote refers to the first in a series of novels featuring a young character who has carved out a permanent place for his creator in the world of children’s literature. Joanne Kathleen Rowling was born in England in 1965, and wrote her first story at the age of six. She was in her mid-20s when the idea for the Harry Potter novels came to her, during a long train ride. By the end of that journey, she says, the character of Harry and the school for wizards which he attends were more or less fully formed in her mind. It would be several years, however, before the novel was completed. By that time, Rowling had been through a failed marriage. Living on welfare as a single parent, she wrote about Harry Potter while sitting in an Edinburgh café with her daughter asleep beside her. She could not have dreamed of the fame and success which Harry would bring her in the years to come. Harry Potter is not your average superhero. He is 12 years old, skinny, wears glasses, and tends to worry a lot. Yet, he has captured the imagination of children and adults the world over, and has introduced millions to the joys of reading. Harry’s appeal stems from his role as a very ordinary boy who finds himself in extraordinary situations. Orphaned as a baby, Harry spends the next 10 years being mistreated by the awful relatives with whom he lives. On his 11th birthday, he learns that he possesses magical powers and is admitted for training at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The adventures of Harry and his friends at the school are superbly narrated by J. K. Rowling. She manages to lead her millions of readers deep into the world of the supernatural, while at the same time dealing with the fears and emotions of the ordinary human world. Many feel that this is the real magic of Harry Potter. 【语篇概述】本文简要介绍了Rowling 的一些生活故事, 以及Harry Potter的写作背景。1. Joanne Kathleen Rowling wrote Harry Potter intentionally for _____ A. herself　　　　　　　 B. her husbandC. her daughter    D. becoming rich【解析】选A。 细节理解题。 根据第一段的首句“I really wrote it for. . . . ”可知。2. According to the passage, which statement is TRUE? A. The novel was completed shortly after the journey in which she formed the outline. B. When she completed the novel, she had a very happy family with her husband loving her. C. When she was writing the novel, her daughter was being looked after by her parents. D. When she was writing the novel, she was living a rather hard life. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段最后和第三段第一句可知A 项错误, 由第三段第二句可知B项错误, 由第三段第三句可知C项错误; D项正确。3. Why does the novel Harry Potter attract so many readers?  It is because of _____ A. J. K.  Rowling’s vivid description of the world of the supernatural. B. Harry Potter’s role as a very ordinary boy who finds himself in extraordinary situations. C. dealing with fears and emotions of the ordinary human world. D. all of the above. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句可知B项正确; 根据最后一段可知A、C两项正确, 故选D。4. What does the underlined word “narrated ”mean ? A. give a lecture. B. give a written description of something. C. give a spoken description of something. D. tell somebody a story orally. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上下文的语境可知narrated的意思是书写, 而不是讲座, 口头描述, 或者叙述故事。