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Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites 达标检测-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）
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这是一份Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites 达标检测-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共19页。
Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are many heritage sites in the world. The following are four sites in UNESCO World Heritage List.
Easter Island, Chile
This place is famous for its huge stone statues. The first European visitors, the Dutch, named it Easter Island in memory of their day of arrival. The small and hilly island was formed by volcanoes. Easter Island was added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995.
Dinosaur Provincial Park, Canada
The park is best known for its extensive fossil(化石)beds, within which 35 species of dinosaurs from about 65 million to 100 million years ago have been identified. There are also fossilized remains of fish, reptiles, and amphibians. The area was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Hadrian?s Wall, England
This is a Roman barrier that guarded the border of Britain. Hadrian (ruled in 117—138 CE) went to Britain in 122 and was the first to build a wall, 80 miles long, to separate the Romans from the barbarians. There was no intention of fighting on top of the wall; the soldiers there were trained to encounter the enemy in the open. In 1987, Hadrian’s Wall was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Salonga National Park, Congo
This is the largest reserve in Congo, covering more than 14,000 square miles. The park was established in 1970. The thick forest provides habitats for various animals like parrots, elephants and monkeys. Park visitors observe the animals from motorized river boats. The park was entered into the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984.
1.When was Easter Island listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A.In 1979. B.In 1984.
C.In 1987. D.In 1995.
2.What was the original purpose of building the Hadrian’s Wall?
A.To defend against the Romans.
B.To honor the British soldiers.
C.To protect the Romans from attack.
D.To keep watch on top of the wall.
3.Which site would you like to visit if you want to see animals?
A.Easter Island.
B.Dinosaur Provincial Park.
C.Hadrian’s Wall.
D.Salonga National Park.
B
Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all about the amazing power of music.
A recent study suggests that preterm (早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. A team of experts led by Dr. Manoj Kumar of University of Alberta, Canada, found that music had a beneficial effect on reducing pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations.
Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help them recover from brain injuries. As a different and effective treatment, doctors often advise such patients to listen to good music to improve the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological(神经系统的) disorders hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk.
Though music cannot make deafness disappear, it can really stave off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference got clearer with age. This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.
Besides, music mends a broken heart. It is not about thrown-away love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart attack or a heart operation by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and reducing anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular (心血管的) system.
4.How does music affect preterm babies?
A.It helps reduce their pain.
B.It helps develop their potential in music.
C.It helps improve their hearing systems.
D.It helps repair their neurological systems.
5.What does the underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Lead to. B.Increase.
C.Prevent. D.Break into.
6.Why can music mend a broken heart?
A.It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work.
B.It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety.
C.It helps make a person feel optimistic about life.
D.It can help patients recover in a slow way.
7.Which of the following may be the best title for the text?
A.Who can benefit from music?
B.The best time to listen to music
C.The way to choose quality music
D.Music’s effects on one’s mind and body
C
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.
“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However, physicist Joseph West, who led the new study, thinks there might have been a simpler way. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he noted, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.
So he tried it. He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.
West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
8.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by .
A.rolling them on roads
B.pushing them over the sand
C.sliding them on smooth paths
D.dragging them on some poles
9.What does the underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Made the paths wet.
B.Made the paths hard.
C.Made the paths wide.
D.Made the paths slippery.
10.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?
A.Because more force is needed for sliding.
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
11.What is the text mainly about?
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响)its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
12.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?
A.Some of them are not attractive.
B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
13.Which of the following is true according to the author?
A.We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
14.According to the last paragraph, the author probably wants the architect and planner to .
A.destroy old buildings
B.put things in a different place
C.respect people’s feelings for historical buildings
D.choose new architectural styles
15.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain why people dislike change.
B.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
C.To warn that we could end up living in caves.
D.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world. 16 If no action is taken, some of these languages will become extinct.
17 One is that some communities of native speakers of the endangered languages no longer exist, The Huffington Post reported. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns.
In addition, the languages of “dominant” cultures may drive other languages into extinction. To get a better education and job, young people have to focus their attention on learning dominant languages rather than their own languages. Dominant languages include English, French and Mandarin.
Once a language dies, it rarely comes back to life. 18 In New Zealand, the government has said it wants more than 20 percent of the country’s population to be able to speak basic Maori, an indigenous(本地的)language, by 2040. It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025, The New York Times reported.
In September, 2018, the US state of Alaska announced that the loss of native languages was an “emergency”. 19
Some people argued that language loss, like the loss of some animal species, is simply a fact of life on earth. 20 When we lose a language, we lose the world view and culture of the people who spoke it. Language itself is often the only way to convey a certain community’s history and culture, as well as its knowledge of things like math and geography, the BBC noted.
A.Languages become endangered for many reasons.
B.But what about the endangered languages?
C.However, all languages are a form of human heritage.
D.What can people do to preserve languages?
E.It is now working to give new life to such languages, Quartz reported.
F.Governments across the globe are taking action to prevent this.
G.But 43 percent of these languages are dying out, according to UNESCO.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather once said, “To know yourself, you have to know those who came before you.” He didn’t just say those words; he 21 by them. In 1996, my grandfather moved to the United States to care for my sister and me. The decision to leave behind 65 years of family relationships was 22 . And he was forced to fit his entire life into two suitcases—one with clothes and books; the other with the 23 of long-lost relatives. As we looked through the photos, I saw his face 24 with a strong desire to return to those happy times.
Some of the photographs were from the nineteenth century, and everyone in them had long departed from the Earth. Looking at faces in the 25 photos, I realized that I couldn’t look on these people as relatives because I knew nothing about them. I had 26 any connection with my ancestors, and therefore a part of myself.
My grandpa 27 to let this happen. “The most important thing you have in this world is your family,” he told me, “and when I’m gone, the most 28 thing I can leave you is your heritage.” Over the next two years, he committed hundreds of hours to achieving that goal. He made it his purpose to write down everything he could discover about our ancestors 29 future generations would know. He made many long-distance phone calls, annoying indifferent relatives. Two years and 250 pages later, he still 30 to write.
From my grandpa I’ve learnt so much about my ancestors. 31 , I’ve re-evaluated the importance that family has in my life. Those seemingly distant 32 in the old photographs have come to life with warm familiarity. Last summer, I even made the trip to Russia to 33 my relatives.
I’ve learned that my 34 is a part of me no matter where I live. An ocean cannot cut the 35 I have with my other family members. The trip has given me an opportunity to stay with my family. I have seen the value of spending time with my grandpa.
21.A.stands B.studies
C.lives D.grows
22.A.simple B.certain
C.common D.difficult
23.A.posters B.photos
C.gifts D.invitations
24.A.lit up B.cleared away
C.turned up D.gave away
25.A.faded B.signed
C.famous D.familiar
26.A.discovered B.maintained
C.strengthened D.lost
27.A.failed B.agreed
C.refused D.decided
28.A.impossible B.important
C.unnecessary D.practical
29.A.so that B.in case
C.as if D.now that
30.A.planned B.promised
C.continued D.appeared
31.A.Surprisingly B.Naturally
C.Luckily D.Consequently
32.A.faces B.records
C.goals D.relations
33.A.catch B.meet
C.test D.persuade
34.A.heritage B.dream
C.career D.language
35.A.control B.ties
C.honor D.responsibilities
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seeing the Great Wall
The Great Wall 36 (snake) more than 20,000 kilometers. First built to keep out invaders, it is now a popular tourist 37 (attract).
Badaling is the most famous of the five sections 38 lie near Beijing and can be accessed 39 (easy). About two hours away by bus lies Jinshanling. This well-preserved section of the wall has not been repaired since 1570! If you’re looking for a 40 (peace) walk and amazing views, this is the spot 41 (visit). About six kilometers from Jiayuguan City in Gansu Province, you can visit Jiayu Pass. It is the western end of the section of the Great Wall 42 (build) during the Ming Dynasty. This pass is the best preserved 43 the Great Wall military forts(军事要塞). The eastern end of the Great Wall is Shanhai Pass in Hebei Province. The east tower of Shanhai Pass is called the First Pass Under Heaven. Stand near the tower to see the roaring sea on one side and the Great Wall on the 44 .
Wherever you choose to visit the Great Wall, you will be 45 (amaze). It is like no other structure on Earth.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛,请以一处中国文化遗产为主题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.介绍该中国文化遗产;
2.游览该文化遗产时的注意事项。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.首句已为你写好,不计入总词数。
There are many cultural heritage sites in China.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a freezing morning of December, two police officers were patrolling the streets. Suddenly, the walkie-talkie(对讲机)on Alan, one of the officers, rang.“The cake shop near the City Museum has reported a burglary(入室盗窃案). Please rush to the scene immediately,” said the electronic voice.
The two policemen quickly arrived at the shop, only to find that the scene showed no sign of crimes at all. Curiously, they checked the monitor and found that a thin woman broke open the window and climbed into the store at 5:20 a.m. Instead of searching around, she walked straight into the storage room, stole cheese, chocolate, butter and other ingredients for a cake, and then ran away down the road.
Both policemen felt quite confused about her behavior. One of the shop assistants identified the thief as Clara, a single mother who lived nearby. She had an eight-year-old boy to take care of and lived in poverty.
Moments later, the two officers arrived at Clara’s house. Bob, another officer, pulled out a gun and was about to break in. But Alan told him to put the gun away and knocked gently.
The door opened and out came a very thin woman. From the outline of her figure, Alan recognized that she was exactly the thief. The woman, Clara,immediately understood the situation when she saw the two policemen. She buried her face in her hands and sat down on the floor.
At that very moment, a child’s voice broke the silence, “Mom, is anyone coming to my birthday? Invite them in, please.”
After hearing the boy’s words, Clara stood up and begged in a low voice, “Officer, I did steal those things, but there’s nothing else I could do. It’s my baby’s birthday, and I’ve got neither job nor money. Please don’t take those things away. I’ve just used them to make him a cake.”
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Looking into the woman’s teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house.
Paragraph 2:
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?”
答案全解全析
Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
单元达标检测
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.A
5.C
6.A
7.D
8.C
9.D
10.D
11.D
12.A
13.C
14.D
15.B
16.G
17.A
18.F
19.E
20.C
21.C
22.D
23.B
24.A
25.A
26.D
27.C
28.B
29.A
30.C
31.D
32.A
33.B
34.A
35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》中的四个景点。
1.D 细节理解题。根据Easter Island, Chile部分中最后一句Easter Island was added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995.可知,复活节岛于1995年被列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Hadrian’s Wall, England部分中前两句This is a Roman barrier that guarded the border of Britain. Hadrian (ruled 117——138 CE) went to Britain in 122 and was the first to build a wall, 80 miles long, to separate the Romans from the barbarians.[这是罗马人的一道屏障,守卫着英国的边境。哈德良(公元117—138年在位)于122年到达英国,他是第一个修建80英里长的城墙为了将罗马人和野蛮人隔开的统治者。]可知,建造哈德良长城的最初目的是保护罗马人不受攻击。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Salonga National Park, Congo部分中第三、四句The thick forest provides habitats for various animals like parrots, elephants and monkeys. Park visitors observe the animals from motorized river boats.(这片茂密的森林为各种动物提供了栖息地,如鹦鹉、大象和猴子。公园的游客从机动河船上观察动物。)可知,如果你想看动物,可以去刚果的萨隆加国家公园。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.in memory of为了纪念…… 2.identify vt.确定,识别 3.remains n.[pl.]遗体;古迹,遗迹 4.barrier n.屏障;障碍 5.recognize vt.承认,认出 6.cover vt.占(一片面积)
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了音乐给人带来的益处。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A recent study suggests that preterm (早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music.”可知,音乐可以帮助早产儿减少痛苦,故选A。
5.C 词义猜测题。由第四段第三、四句“Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference got clearer with age.”可知,音乐家能比非音乐家更好地听到声音,故音乐对听力具有促进作用,阻止听力的衰退,由此可推知stave off意为“阻止”。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段,尤其是最后一句“Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular (心血管的) system.”可知,音乐能治愈一颗破碎的心是因为它对人体心血管系统的修复有积极的影响。故选A。
7.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了音乐给人的身体和心理带来的好处。所以短文的最佳标题为“音乐对一个人的身心的影响”。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.emotion n.情感;情绪 2.expand v.扩大;扩展
3.recovery n.恢复;痊愈
长难句分析
原句 A recent study suggests that preterm babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music.
分析 本句为主从复合句,其中that引导宾语从句,when listening to music为状语从句的省略形式。
句意 最近的一项研究表明,早产儿似乎在听音乐时会经受较少的痛苦并且进食更多。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在金字塔的建造过程中,把石块移动到金字塔位置上的一种新方法——一项新的研究表明古埃及人可能是采用“滚动”的方法。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.可知,人们普遍认为工人们是通过让巨石在平坦的地面上滑行的方法把它们运到金字塔的位置的。故选C。
9.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的To make the work easier(为了使工作更容易)以及either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle可知,工人们可能用湿黏土或牛的脂肪来润滑道路。所以画线部分的意思是“使道路光滑”,故选D。A项:使道路潮湿;B项:使道路坚硬;C项:使道路宽阔。
10.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知,West认为滚动比滑动的方法好是因为工人们不必提前用牛脂肪或水来使路面变光滑,也就是准备工作更少。故选D。
11.D 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段内容可知,本文介绍了科学家发现的一种把巨石运到金字塔位置的新方法——把圆木绑在巨石下面然后滚动。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.attach vt.系,贴 2.propose vt.提出(解释);建议,打算 3.puzzle over苦苦思考 4.on average平均
5.smooth adj.光滑的vt.使光滑 6.drag vt.拖,拉
长难句分析
原句 I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。while引导的是一个时间状语从句,句中省略了I was;showing how...construction为现在分词短语,作television program的后置定语,其中how引导的是一个宾语从句。
句意 我是在看一个电视节目时受到启发的,这个节目展示了滑板可能如何帮助建造金字塔的。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章对现在人们讨论的问题——是否应该允许让现代的建筑建在古老的历史建筑旁边——进行了阐述。在作者看来,历史建筑应该保存,但是我们的建筑风格也应该不断革新,不能因为历史建筑而影响我们的生活。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive.可知,一些历史建筑不够有吸引力,故选A。
13.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.可知,作者认为一些历史建筑也会影响它们所在的地方的美观,故选C。
14.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的...it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves.和choose something fresh and different,可知,作者想让建筑师和城市规划者“选择新的建筑风格”,故选D。
15.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段首句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?以及下文的阐述可知,这篇文章是在论证现代的建筑可以建在有历史建筑的地方的观点,故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.assume vt.假设 2.architectural adj.建筑学的,建筑上的 3.in question讨论中的 4.spoil vt.破坏 5.previous adj.之前的 6.risky adj.有危险的
长难句分析
原句 Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。even though引导的是一个让步状语从句;主句中,argue against意为“反对”。 argue against copying previous architectural styles与choose something fresh and different并列,由and连接。
句意 因此,我会反对复制以前的建筑风格,而是选择一些新颖、与众不同的东西,即使这可能是更冒险的选择。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。世界上有很多语言濒临消亡,这是人类遗产的损失,人们正在采取措施保护濒危语言。
16.G 根据下文If no action is taken, some of these languages will become extinct.(如果不采取行动,这些语言中的一些将会消亡。)可知,此处是指很多语言即将消亡。所以选项G(但根据联合国教科文组织的数据,这些语言中有43%正在消亡。)切合文意,且these languages指代上文中的6,000 languages。故选G。
17.A 根据下文(据《赫芬顿邮报》报道,其中一个原因是,一些以濒危语言为母语的群体已经不复存在。这些人有时会离开他们的社区,搬到城市或城镇。)可知,本段叙述的是语言消失的原因。所以选项A(语言变得濒危的原因有很多。)切合文意。故选A。
18.F 根据下文可知,在新西兰,政府曾表示,希望到2040年,该国20%以上的人口能够讲初级的毛利语,毛利语是新西兰的一种本地语言。据《纽约时报》报道,该政府打算到2025年在新西兰的所有学校里提供毛利语课。这里指政府在保护濒危语言方面的努力。所以选项F(世界各国政府都在采取行动防止这种情况的发生。)切合文意,且选项中this指代上句Once a language dies, it rarely comes back to life. 这种现象。故选F。
19.E 根据上文In September, 2018, the US state of Alaska announced that the loss of native languages was an “emergency”. (2018年9月,美国阿拉斯加州宣布,母语的丧失是一个“紧急事件”。)可知,选项E(据Quartz网站报道,该政府目前正在努力赋予这类语言新的生命。)切合文意。故选E。
20.C 根据上文(有人认为语言的消失就像一些动物物种的消失一样,不过是地球上的一个生活的现实)和下文(当我们失去一种语言,我们就失去了说这种语言的人的世界观和文化。)可知,选项C(然而,所有的语言都是人类遗产的一种形式。)与上句构成转折关系又引起下文。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.extinct adj.消亡的;灭绝的 2.community n.社区;团体 3.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 4.emergency n.紧急情况 5.species n.物种
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在和爷爷一起生活的日子里,了解到很多关于家族祖先的事情,在爷爷的影响下,作者明白了家庭的重要性,这是爷爷留给他的最重要的东西。
21.C 句意:他不仅说了那些话,他也按照这样的原则而活。stand站立;study学习;live生活;grow成长。live by意为“按照(某信念或原则)生活”。故选C。
22.D 句意:永久抛下65年的家庭关系的决定是艰难的。simple简单的;certain肯定的;common常见的;difficult困难的。对于家族观念很重的爷爷而言,搬到美国、离开家人是艰难的决定。故选D。
23.B 句意:他被迫把自己的整个生活装进两个行李箱——一个装着衣服和书,另一个放着很久不见的亲人的照片。poster海报;photo照片;gift礼物;invitation邀请。根据下文As we looked through the photos的提示可知,这里指亲人们的照片。故选B。
24.A 句意:当我们翻看照片时,我看到他面露喜色,有一种强烈的渴望,想要回到(过去)那些快乐的时光。light up喜形于色;clear away把……清除掉;turn up出现;give away赠送。故选A。
25.A 句意:看着那些褪色的照片里的面孔,我意识到我无法把他们当成亲人,因为我对他们一无所知。faded已褪色的;signed已签字的;famous出名的;familiar熟悉的。根据上一句Some of the photographs were from the nineteenth century, and everyone in them had long departed from the Earth.可知,其中一些照片年代久远,所以已经褪色了。故选A。
26.D 句意:我已经与我的祖先失去了任何联系,因此也失去了一部分自己。discover发现;maintain维持;strengthen加强;lose失去。根据上文because I knew nothing about them可知,作者对这些人一无所知,所以说与祖先失去了任何联系。故选D。
27.C 句意:我爷爷拒绝让这种事发生。fail失败;agree同意;refuse拒绝;decide决定。根据下文爷爷所说的话“The most important thing you have in this world is your family,” he told me, “and when I’m gone, the most 28 thing I can leave you is your heritage.”可知,爷爷在设法建立作者与祖先之间的联系。故选C。
28.B 句意:……“我去世以后,我能留给你的最重要的东西就是你的家庭传统。”impossible不可能的;important重要的;unnecessary不必要的;practical实际的。根据下文I’ve re-evaluated the importance that family has in my life可知,爷爷在教育作者重视家族。故选B。
29.A 句意:他的目标是写下他所能发现的关于我们祖先的一切,以便让子孙后代知道。so that以便;in case以防;as if好像;now that既然。根据主从句的逻辑关系判断,此处表示目的。故选A。
30.C 句意:两年完成了250页之后,他仍继续写。plan计划;promise许诺;continue继续;appear出现。根据still一词判断行为的持续性。故选C。
31.D 句意:因此,我重新评估了家族在我生活中的重要性。surprisingly令人吃惊地;naturally自然地;luckily幸运地;consequently因此。作者从爷爷那里了解了很多关于祖先的事,因此重新评估家族在作者生活中的重要性,这里为因果关系。故选D。
32.A 句意:老照片中那些看似遥远的面孔带着温暖的亲切感而变得鲜活起来。face脸;record记录;goal目标;relation关系。结合常识可知,作者爷爷的那些老照片中呈现的是亲人们的面孔。故选A。
33.B 句意:去年夏天,我甚至去俄罗斯见了我的亲戚。catch抓住;meet会见;test测试;persuade劝服。故选B。
34.A 句意:我意识到,无论我住在哪里,我的家族传统都是我的一部分。heritage传统;dream梦想;career职业;language语言。根据上文...“and when I’m gone, the most 28 thing I can leave you is your heritage.”可知,在爷爷的影响下,家族传统已经成为作者的一部分。故选A。
35.B 句意:海洋不能切断我与其他家族成员的联系。control控制;tie联系;honor荣誉;responsibility责任。这里指无论什么都不能切断作者与家人的联系。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.leave behind永久离开;把……抛在后面
2.depart v.离开,出发 3.commit...to... 把……投入……
4.indifferent adj.冷淡的,漠不关心的 5.familiarity n.亲切;熟悉,精通
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国长城这一值得游客参观的景点。
36.snakes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:长城蜿蜒20,000多千米。此处snake用作动词,意为“蜿蜒前行,迂回前进”;由全文时态可知此处用一般现在时;主语The Great Wall为第三人称单数。故填snakes。
37.attraction 考查名词。句意:它最初是为了抵御侵略者而建,现在是一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。名词短语tourist attraction“旅游胜地”,故填attraction。
38.which/that 考查定语从句的关系词。句意:八达岭是位于北京附近的五段长城中最著名的一段,而且很容易到达。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,指代先行词five sections,并在从句中作主语。故填which或that。
39.easily 考查副词。句意同上题。easy是形容词,此处应用其副词形式作状语,修饰动词accessed。
40.peaceful 考查形容词。句意: 如果你在寻找一个可以安静地漫步并拥有迷人景色的地方,那这里就是值得一游的地点。walk为名词,应用形容词修饰,故填peaceful。
41.to visit 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。此处用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词spot。故填 to visit。
42.built 考查非谓语动词。句意:它是明朝修建的那段长城的西端。build与the section of the Great Wall之间是被动关系,再根据表示过去的时间状语during the Ming Dynasty可知,应用过去分词形式作后置定语,表被动和完成。故填built。
43.of 考查介词。句意:这个关是长城军事要塞中保存最完好的。根据空前的the best preserved可知,应用介词of表示“……中保存最完好的”。故填of。
44.other 考查代词。句意:站在城楼边,看着一边呼啸的大海和另一边的长城。on one side...on the other (side)...意为“在一边……在另一边……”。故填other。
45.amazed 考查形容词。句意:不管你选择游览哪里的长城,你都会感到惊奇。此处指人的心理感受,应用-ed结尾的形容词。故填amazed。
【高频词汇】 1.section n.部分;地区 2.access vt.到达,使用 3.province n.省 4.military adj.军事的 5.roaring adj.呼啸的
6.structure n.结构;建筑物
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
There are many cultural heritage sites in China. I am extremely willing to introduce the Palace Museum, which enjoys a high reputation in the world. The magnificent and well-preserved complex, also known as the Forbidden City, represents the highest architectural level in ancient China. With a history of about 600 years, it lies in the center of Beijing, witnessing dramatic changes of this city. Nowadays, it has become a must-see spot that attracts an enormous number of visitors every year.
If you have a chance to visit the Palace Museum one day, please keep in mind that under no circumstances should you leave any marks on the cultural relics.
Looking forward to your coming.
第二节
写作指导
Time
on a freezing morning of December
Place
the cake shop,the woman’s house
Character
Clara, her son,one shop assistant, two policemen—Alan and Bob
What
A burglary happened in a cake shop. The thief was a single mother, who stole some ingredients to make a birthday cake for her son.
Beginning
在一个寒冷的早上,两个警察在巡街时接到报案。一个蛋糕店发生了一起入室盗窃案。行窃的人只偷了奶酪、黄油、巧克力和其他做蛋糕的材料。
Development
一个店员认出了那个贼是Clara,两个警察找到了她家,Clara见到警察后掩面坐在地上。Clara的儿子以为是有人来给他过生日,Clara向两位警察解释了她盗窃的原因。
Para. 1
Looking into the woman’s teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house.
①Alan走进Clara家看到了什么?她的家里是什么样的?
②前文只提到了Clara的儿子的声音,那后来警察有没有见到他?他是什么样的?
③Alan是怎么做的?他把偷了东西的Clara带走了吗?
④结合续写第二段开头提示语“Bob沉思着,点了点头”,那么Alan说了什么?
Para. 2
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?”
①针对Bob提出的问题,Alan如何作答呢?
②两位警察如何应对Clara盗窃这桩案件呢?
③面对两位警察的做法,Clara是怎样反应的?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Looking into the woman’s teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house. There were no more possessions except for some time-worn furniture, even no fireplace in such weather. At the sight of Alan, the boy, whose face was bright red with cold, could barely contain himself. “Would you like some cake, sir?” he smiled eagerly. “I would like to. But I’m on duty. I just come over to say Happy Birthday to you, kid!” Coming out of the house, Alan gestured Clara in and walked away, making Bob at a loss. “But we haven’t finished yet!” Alan turned around and firmly said, “We can’t get her, at least not today.”
Paragraph 2:
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?” “The bill is on me,” Alan volunteered. After returning to the cake shop, he explained the incident to the shop owner and then paid for the stolen materials. Afterwards, Clara went to the police station, asking for her punishment. What the officers had done made her feel ashamed of her theft. She said that she would improve her life through her own efforts and would no longer do anything illegal again. Everything settled, Alan and Bob continued the patrol and it seemed not that cold ever after.
Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are many heritage sites in the world. The following are four sites in UNESCO World Heritage List.
Easter Island, Chile
This place is famous for its huge stone statues. The first European visitors, the Dutch, named it Easter Island in memory of their day of arrival. The small and hilly island was formed by volcanoes. Easter Island was added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995.
Dinosaur Provincial Park, Canada
The park is best known for its extensive fossil(化石)beds, within which 35 species of dinosaurs from about 65 million to 100 million years ago have been identified. There are also fossilized remains of fish, reptiles, and amphibians. The area was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Hadrian?s Wall, England
This is a Roman barrier that guarded the border of Britain. Hadrian (ruled in 117—138 CE) went to Britain in 122 and was the first to build a wall, 80 miles long, to separate the Romans from the barbarians. There was no intention of fighting on top of the wall; the soldiers there were trained to encounter the enemy in the open. In 1987, Hadrian’s Wall was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Salonga National Park, Congo
This is the largest reserve in Congo, covering more than 14,000 square miles. The park was established in 1970. The thick forest provides habitats for various animals like parrots, elephants and monkeys. Park visitors observe the animals from motorized river boats. The park was entered into the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984.
1.When was Easter Island listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A.In 1979. B.In 1984.
C.In 1987. D.In 1995.
2.What was the original purpose of building the Hadrian’s Wall?
A.To defend against the Romans.
B.To honor the British soldiers.
C.To protect the Romans from attack.
D.To keep watch on top of the wall.
3.Which site would you like to visit if you want to see animals?
A.Easter Island.
B.Dinosaur Provincial Park.
C.Hadrian’s Wall.
D.Salonga National Park.
B
Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all about the amazing power of music.
A recent study suggests that preterm (早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. A team of experts led by Dr. Manoj Kumar of University of Alberta, Canada, found that music had a beneficial effect on reducing pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations.
Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help them recover from brain injuries. As a different and effective treatment, doctors often advise such patients to listen to good music to improve the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological(神经系统的) disorders hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk.
Though music cannot make deafness disappear, it can really stave off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference got clearer with age. This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.
Besides, music mends a broken heart. It is not about thrown-away love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart attack or a heart operation by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and reducing anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular (心血管的) system.
4.How does music affect preterm babies?
A.It helps reduce their pain.
B.It helps develop their potential in music.
C.It helps improve their hearing systems.
D.It helps repair their neurological systems.
5.What does the underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Lead to. B.Increase.
C.Prevent. D.Break into.
6.Why can music mend a broken heart?
A.It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work.
B.It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety.
C.It helps make a person feel optimistic about life.
D.It can help patients recover in a slow way.
7.Which of the following may be the best title for the text?
A.Who can benefit from music?
B.The best time to listen to music
C.The way to choose quality music
D.Music’s effects on one’s mind and body
C
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.
“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However, physicist Joseph West, who led the new study, thinks there might have been a simpler way. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he noted, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.
So he tried it. He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.
West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
8.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by .
A.rolling them on roads
B.pushing them over the sand
C.sliding them on smooth paths
D.dragging them on some poles
9.What does the underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Made the paths wet.
B.Made the paths hard.
C.Made the paths wide.
D.Made the paths slippery.
10.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?
A.Because more force is needed for sliding.
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
11.What is the text mainly about?
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响)its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
12.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?
A.Some of them are not attractive.
B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
13.Which of the following is true according to the author?
A.We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
14.According to the last paragraph, the author probably wants the architect and planner to .
A.destroy old buildings
B.put things in a different place
C.respect people’s feelings for historical buildings
D.choose new architectural styles
15.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain why people dislike change.
B.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
C.To warn that we could end up living in caves.
D.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world. 16 If no action is taken, some of these languages will become extinct.
17 One is that some communities of native speakers of the endangered languages no longer exist, The Huffington Post reported. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns.
In addition, the languages of “dominant” cultures may drive other languages into extinction. To get a better education and job, young people have to focus their attention on learning dominant languages rather than their own languages. Dominant languages include English, French and Mandarin.
Once a language dies, it rarely comes back to life. 18 In New Zealand, the government has said it wants more than 20 percent of the country’s population to be able to speak basic Maori, an indigenous(本地的)language, by 2040. It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025, The New York Times reported.
In September, 2018, the US state of Alaska announced that the loss of native languages was an “emergency”. 19
Some people argued that language loss, like the loss of some animal species, is simply a fact of life on earth. 20 When we lose a language, we lose the world view and culture of the people who spoke it. Language itself is often the only way to convey a certain community’s history and culture, as well as its knowledge of things like math and geography, the BBC noted.
A.Languages become endangered for many reasons.
B.But what about the endangered languages?
C.However, all languages are a form of human heritage.
D.What can people do to preserve languages?
E.It is now working to give new life to such languages, Quartz reported.
F.Governments across the globe are taking action to prevent this.
G.But 43 percent of these languages are dying out, according to UNESCO.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather once said, “To know yourself, you have to know those who came before you.” He didn’t just say those words; he 21 by them. In 1996, my grandfather moved to the United States to care for my sister and me. The decision to leave behind 65 years of family relationships was 22 . And he was forced to fit his entire life into two suitcases—one with clothes and books; the other with the 23 of long-lost relatives. As we looked through the photos, I saw his face 24 with a strong desire to return to those happy times.
Some of the photographs were from the nineteenth century, and everyone in them had long departed from the Earth. Looking at faces in the 25 photos, I realized that I couldn’t look on these people as relatives because I knew nothing about them. I had 26 any connection with my ancestors, and therefore a part of myself.
My grandpa 27 to let this happen. “The most important thing you have in this world is your family,” he told me, “and when I’m gone, the most 28 thing I can leave you is your heritage.” Over the next two years, he committed hundreds of hours to achieving that goal. He made it his purpose to write down everything he could discover about our ancestors 29 future generations would know. He made many long-distance phone calls, annoying indifferent relatives. Two years and 250 pages later, he still 30 to write.
From my grandpa I’ve learnt so much about my ancestors. 31 , I’ve re-evaluated the importance that family has in my life. Those seemingly distant 32 in the old photographs have come to life with warm familiarity. Last summer, I even made the trip to Russia to 33 my relatives.
I’ve learned that my 34 is a part of me no matter where I live. An ocean cannot cut the 35 I have with my other family members. The trip has given me an opportunity to stay with my family. I have seen the value of spending time with my grandpa.
21.A.stands B.studies
C.lives D.grows
22.A.simple B.certain
C.common D.difficult
23.A.posters B.photos
C.gifts D.invitations
24.A.lit up B.cleared away
C.turned up D.gave away
25.A.faded B.signed
C.famous D.familiar
26.A.discovered B.maintained
C.strengthened D.lost
27.A.failed B.agreed
C.refused D.decided
28.A.impossible B.important
C.unnecessary D.practical
29.A.so that B.in case
C.as if D.now that
30.A.planned B.promised
C.continued D.appeared
31.A.Surprisingly B.Naturally
C.Luckily D.Consequently
32.A.faces B.records
C.goals D.relations
33.A.catch B.meet
C.test D.persuade
34.A.heritage B.dream
C.career D.language
35.A.control B.ties
C.honor D.responsibilities
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seeing the Great Wall
The Great Wall 36 (snake) more than 20,000 kilometers. First built to keep out invaders, it is now a popular tourist 37 (attract).
Badaling is the most famous of the five sections 38 lie near Beijing and can be accessed 39 (easy). About two hours away by bus lies Jinshanling. This well-preserved section of the wall has not been repaired since 1570! If you’re looking for a 40 (peace) walk and amazing views, this is the spot 41 (visit). About six kilometers from Jiayuguan City in Gansu Province, you can visit Jiayu Pass. It is the western end of the section of the Great Wall 42 (build) during the Ming Dynasty. This pass is the best preserved 43 the Great Wall military forts(军事要塞). The eastern end of the Great Wall is Shanhai Pass in Hebei Province. The east tower of Shanhai Pass is called the First Pass Under Heaven. Stand near the tower to see the roaring sea on one side and the Great Wall on the 44 .
Wherever you choose to visit the Great Wall, you will be 45 (amaze). It is like no other structure on Earth.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛,请以一处中国文化遗产为主题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.介绍该中国文化遗产;
2.游览该文化遗产时的注意事项。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.首句已为你写好,不计入总词数。
There are many cultural heritage sites in China.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a freezing morning of December, two police officers were patrolling the streets. Suddenly, the walkie-talkie(对讲机)on Alan, one of the officers, rang.“The cake shop near the City Museum has reported a burglary(入室盗窃案). Please rush to the scene immediately,” said the electronic voice.
The two policemen quickly arrived at the shop, only to find that the scene showed no sign of crimes at all. Curiously, they checked the monitor and found that a thin woman broke open the window and climbed into the store at 5:20 a.m. Instead of searching around, she walked straight into the storage room, stole cheese, chocolate, butter and other ingredients for a cake, and then ran away down the road.
Both policemen felt quite confused about her behavior. One of the shop assistants identified the thief as Clara, a single mother who lived nearby. She had an eight-year-old boy to take care of and lived in poverty.
Moments later, the two officers arrived at Clara’s house. Bob, another officer, pulled out a gun and was about to break in. But Alan told him to put the gun away and knocked gently.
The door opened and out came a very thin woman. From the outline of her figure, Alan recognized that she was exactly the thief. The woman, Clara,immediately understood the situation when she saw the two policemen. She buried her face in her hands and sat down on the floor.
At that very moment, a child’s voice broke the silence, “Mom, is anyone coming to my birthday? Invite them in, please.”
After hearing the boy’s words, Clara stood up and begged in a low voice, “Officer, I did steal those things, but there’s nothing else I could do. It’s my baby’s birthday, and I’ve got neither job nor money. Please don’t take those things away. I’ve just used them to make him a cake.”
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Looking into the woman’s teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house.
Paragraph 2:
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?”
答案全解全析
Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
单元达标检测
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.A
5.C
6.A
7.D
8.C
9.D
10.D
11.D
12.A
13.C
14.D
15.B
16.G
17.A
18.F
19.E
20.C
21.C
22.D
23.B
24.A
25.A
26.D
27.C
28.B
29.A
30.C
31.D
32.A
33.B
34.A
35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》中的四个景点。
1.D 细节理解题。根据Easter Island, Chile部分中最后一句Easter Island was added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995.可知,复活节岛于1995年被列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Hadrian’s Wall, England部分中前两句This is a Roman barrier that guarded the border of Britain. Hadrian (ruled 117——138 CE) went to Britain in 122 and was the first to build a wall, 80 miles long, to separate the Romans from the barbarians.[这是罗马人的一道屏障,守卫着英国的边境。哈德良(公元117—138年在位)于122年到达英国,他是第一个修建80英里长的城墙为了将罗马人和野蛮人隔开的统治者。]可知,建造哈德良长城的最初目的是保护罗马人不受攻击。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Salonga National Park, Congo部分中第三、四句The thick forest provides habitats for various animals like parrots, elephants and monkeys. Park visitors observe the animals from motorized river boats.(这片茂密的森林为各种动物提供了栖息地,如鹦鹉、大象和猴子。公园的游客从机动河船上观察动物。)可知,如果你想看动物,可以去刚果的萨隆加国家公园。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.in memory of为了纪念…… 2.identify vt.确定,识别 3.remains n.[pl.]遗体;古迹,遗迹 4.barrier n.屏障;障碍 5.recognize vt.承认,认出 6.cover vt.占(一片面积)
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了音乐给人带来的益处。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A recent study suggests that preterm (早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music.”可知,音乐可以帮助早产儿减少痛苦,故选A。
5.C 词义猜测题。由第四段第三、四句“Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference got clearer with age.”可知,音乐家能比非音乐家更好地听到声音,故音乐对听力具有促进作用,阻止听力的衰退,由此可推知stave off意为“阻止”。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段,尤其是最后一句“Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular (心血管的) system.”可知,音乐能治愈一颗破碎的心是因为它对人体心血管系统的修复有积极的影响。故选A。
7.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了音乐给人的身体和心理带来的好处。所以短文的最佳标题为“音乐对一个人的身心的影响”。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.emotion n.情感;情绪 2.expand v.扩大;扩展
3.recovery n.恢复;痊愈
长难句分析
原句 A recent study suggests that preterm babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music.
分析 本句为主从复合句,其中that引导宾语从句,when listening to music为状语从句的省略形式。
句意 最近的一项研究表明,早产儿似乎在听音乐时会经受较少的痛苦并且进食更多。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在金字塔的建造过程中,把石块移动到金字塔位置上的一种新方法——一项新的研究表明古埃及人可能是采用“滚动”的方法。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.可知,人们普遍认为工人们是通过让巨石在平坦的地面上滑行的方法把它们运到金字塔的位置的。故选C。
9.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的To make the work easier(为了使工作更容易)以及either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle可知,工人们可能用湿黏土或牛的脂肪来润滑道路。所以画线部分的意思是“使道路光滑”,故选D。A项:使道路潮湿;B项:使道路坚硬;C项:使道路宽阔。
10.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知,West认为滚动比滑动的方法好是因为工人们不必提前用牛脂肪或水来使路面变光滑,也就是准备工作更少。故选D。
11.D 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段内容可知,本文介绍了科学家发现的一种把巨石运到金字塔位置的新方法——把圆木绑在巨石下面然后滚动。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.attach vt.系,贴 2.propose vt.提出(解释);建议,打算 3.puzzle over苦苦思考 4.on average平均
5.smooth adj.光滑的vt.使光滑 6.drag vt.拖,拉
长难句分析
原句 I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。while引导的是一个时间状语从句,句中省略了I was;showing how...construction为现在分词短语,作television program的后置定语,其中how引导的是一个宾语从句。
句意 我是在看一个电视节目时受到启发的,这个节目展示了滑板可能如何帮助建造金字塔的。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章对现在人们讨论的问题——是否应该允许让现代的建筑建在古老的历史建筑旁边——进行了阐述。在作者看来,历史建筑应该保存,但是我们的建筑风格也应该不断革新,不能因为历史建筑而影响我们的生活。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive.可知,一些历史建筑不够有吸引力,故选A。
13.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.可知,作者认为一些历史建筑也会影响它们所在的地方的美观,故选C。
14.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的...it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves.和choose something fresh and different,可知,作者想让建筑师和城市规划者“选择新的建筑风格”,故选D。
15.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段首句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?以及下文的阐述可知,这篇文章是在论证现代的建筑可以建在有历史建筑的地方的观点,故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.assume vt.假设 2.architectural adj.建筑学的,建筑上的 3.in question讨论中的 4.spoil vt.破坏 5.previous adj.之前的 6.risky adj.有危险的
长难句分析
原句 Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。even though引导的是一个让步状语从句;主句中,argue against意为“反对”。 argue against copying previous architectural styles与choose something fresh and different并列,由and连接。
句意 因此,我会反对复制以前的建筑风格,而是选择一些新颖、与众不同的东西,即使这可能是更冒险的选择。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。世界上有很多语言濒临消亡,这是人类遗产的损失,人们正在采取措施保护濒危语言。
16.G 根据下文If no action is taken, some of these languages will become extinct.(如果不采取行动,这些语言中的一些将会消亡。)可知,此处是指很多语言即将消亡。所以选项G(但根据联合国教科文组织的数据,这些语言中有43%正在消亡。)切合文意,且these languages指代上文中的6,000 languages。故选G。
17.A 根据下文(据《赫芬顿邮报》报道,其中一个原因是,一些以濒危语言为母语的群体已经不复存在。这些人有时会离开他们的社区,搬到城市或城镇。)可知,本段叙述的是语言消失的原因。所以选项A(语言变得濒危的原因有很多。)切合文意。故选A。
18.F 根据下文可知,在新西兰,政府曾表示,希望到2040年,该国20%以上的人口能够讲初级的毛利语,毛利语是新西兰的一种本地语言。据《纽约时报》报道,该政府打算到2025年在新西兰的所有学校里提供毛利语课。这里指政府在保护濒危语言方面的努力。所以选项F(世界各国政府都在采取行动防止这种情况的发生。)切合文意,且选项中this指代上句Once a language dies, it rarely comes back to life. 这种现象。故选F。
19.E 根据上文In September, 2018, the US state of Alaska announced that the loss of native languages was an “emergency”. (2018年9月,美国阿拉斯加州宣布,母语的丧失是一个“紧急事件”。)可知,选项E(据Quartz网站报道,该政府目前正在努力赋予这类语言新的生命。)切合文意。故选E。
20.C 根据上文(有人认为语言的消失就像一些动物物种的消失一样,不过是地球上的一个生活的现实)和下文(当我们失去一种语言,我们就失去了说这种语言的人的世界观和文化。)可知,选项C(然而,所有的语言都是人类遗产的一种形式。)与上句构成转折关系又引起下文。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.extinct adj.消亡的;灭绝的 2.community n.社区;团体 3.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 4.emergency n.紧急情况 5.species n.物种
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在和爷爷一起生活的日子里,了解到很多关于家族祖先的事情,在爷爷的影响下,作者明白了家庭的重要性,这是爷爷留给他的最重要的东西。
21.C 句意:他不仅说了那些话,他也按照这样的原则而活。stand站立;study学习;live生活;grow成长。live by意为“按照(某信念或原则)生活”。故选C。
22.D 句意:永久抛下65年的家庭关系的决定是艰难的。simple简单的;certain肯定的;common常见的;difficult困难的。对于家族观念很重的爷爷而言,搬到美国、离开家人是艰难的决定。故选D。
23.B 句意:他被迫把自己的整个生活装进两个行李箱——一个装着衣服和书,另一个放着很久不见的亲人的照片。poster海报;photo照片;gift礼物;invitation邀请。根据下文As we looked through the photos的提示可知,这里指亲人们的照片。故选B。
24.A 句意:当我们翻看照片时,我看到他面露喜色,有一种强烈的渴望,想要回到(过去)那些快乐的时光。light up喜形于色;clear away把……清除掉;turn up出现;give away赠送。故选A。
25.A 句意:看着那些褪色的照片里的面孔,我意识到我无法把他们当成亲人,因为我对他们一无所知。faded已褪色的;signed已签字的;famous出名的;familiar熟悉的。根据上一句Some of the photographs were from the nineteenth century, and everyone in them had long departed from the Earth.可知,其中一些照片年代久远,所以已经褪色了。故选A。
26.D 句意:我已经与我的祖先失去了任何联系,因此也失去了一部分自己。discover发现;maintain维持;strengthen加强;lose失去。根据上文because I knew nothing about them可知,作者对这些人一无所知,所以说与祖先失去了任何联系。故选D。
27.C 句意:我爷爷拒绝让这种事发生。fail失败;agree同意;refuse拒绝;decide决定。根据下文爷爷所说的话“The most important thing you have in this world is your family,” he told me, “and when I’m gone, the most 28 thing I can leave you is your heritage.”可知,爷爷在设法建立作者与祖先之间的联系。故选C。
28.B 句意:……“我去世以后,我能留给你的最重要的东西就是你的家庭传统。”impossible不可能的;important重要的;unnecessary不必要的;practical实际的。根据下文I’ve re-evaluated the importance that family has in my life可知,爷爷在教育作者重视家族。故选B。
29.A 句意:他的目标是写下他所能发现的关于我们祖先的一切,以便让子孙后代知道。so that以便;in case以防;as if好像;now that既然。根据主从句的逻辑关系判断,此处表示目的。故选A。
30.C 句意:两年完成了250页之后,他仍继续写。plan计划;promise许诺;continue继续;appear出现。根据still一词判断行为的持续性。故选C。
31.D 句意:因此,我重新评估了家族在我生活中的重要性。surprisingly令人吃惊地;naturally自然地;luckily幸运地;consequently因此。作者从爷爷那里了解了很多关于祖先的事,因此重新评估家族在作者生活中的重要性,这里为因果关系。故选D。
32.A 句意:老照片中那些看似遥远的面孔带着温暖的亲切感而变得鲜活起来。face脸;record记录;goal目标;relation关系。结合常识可知,作者爷爷的那些老照片中呈现的是亲人们的面孔。故选A。
33.B 句意:去年夏天,我甚至去俄罗斯见了我的亲戚。catch抓住;meet会见;test测试;persuade劝服。故选B。
34.A 句意:我意识到,无论我住在哪里,我的家族传统都是我的一部分。heritage传统;dream梦想;career职业;language语言。根据上文...“and when I’m gone, the most 28 thing I can leave you is your heritage.”可知,在爷爷的影响下,家族传统已经成为作者的一部分。故选A。
35.B 句意:海洋不能切断我与其他家族成员的联系。control控制;tie联系;honor荣誉;responsibility责任。这里指无论什么都不能切断作者与家人的联系。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.leave behind永久离开;把……抛在后面
2.depart v.离开,出发 3.commit...to... 把……投入……
4.indifferent adj.冷淡的,漠不关心的 5.familiarity n.亲切;熟悉,精通
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国长城这一值得游客参观的景点。
36.snakes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:长城蜿蜒20,000多千米。此处snake用作动词,意为“蜿蜒前行,迂回前进”;由全文时态可知此处用一般现在时;主语The Great Wall为第三人称单数。故填snakes。
37.attraction 考查名词。句意:它最初是为了抵御侵略者而建,现在是一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。名词短语tourist attraction“旅游胜地”,故填attraction。
38.which/that 考查定语从句的关系词。句意:八达岭是位于北京附近的五段长城中最著名的一段,而且很容易到达。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,指代先行词five sections,并在从句中作主语。故填which或that。
39.easily 考查副词。句意同上题。easy是形容词,此处应用其副词形式作状语,修饰动词accessed。
40.peaceful 考查形容词。句意: 如果你在寻找一个可以安静地漫步并拥有迷人景色的地方,那这里就是值得一游的地点。walk为名词,应用形容词修饰,故填peaceful。
41.to visit 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。此处用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词spot。故填 to visit。
42.built 考查非谓语动词。句意:它是明朝修建的那段长城的西端。build与the section of the Great Wall之间是被动关系,再根据表示过去的时间状语during the Ming Dynasty可知,应用过去分词形式作后置定语,表被动和完成。故填built。
43.of 考查介词。句意:这个关是长城军事要塞中保存最完好的。根据空前的the best preserved可知,应用介词of表示“……中保存最完好的”。故填of。
44.other 考查代词。句意:站在城楼边,看着一边呼啸的大海和另一边的长城。on one side...on the other (side)...意为“在一边……在另一边……”。故填other。
45.amazed 考查形容词。句意:不管你选择游览哪里的长城,你都会感到惊奇。此处指人的心理感受,应用-ed结尾的形容词。故填amazed。
【高频词汇】 1.section n.部分;地区 2.access vt.到达,使用 3.province n.省 4.military adj.军事的 5.roaring adj.呼啸的
6.structure n.结构;建筑物
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
There are many cultural heritage sites in China. I am extremely willing to introduce the Palace Museum, which enjoys a high reputation in the world. The magnificent and well-preserved complex, also known as the Forbidden City, represents the highest architectural level in ancient China. With a history of about 600 years, it lies in the center of Beijing, witnessing dramatic changes of this city. Nowadays, it has become a must-see spot that attracts an enormous number of visitors every year.
If you have a chance to visit the Palace Museum one day, please keep in mind that under no circumstances should you leave any marks on the cultural relics.
Looking forward to your coming.
第二节
写作指导
Time
on a freezing morning of December
Place
the cake shop,the woman’s house
Character
Clara, her son,one shop assistant, two policemen—Alan and Bob
What
A burglary happened in a cake shop. The thief was a single mother, who stole some ingredients to make a birthday cake for her son.
Beginning
在一个寒冷的早上,两个警察在巡街时接到报案。一个蛋糕店发生了一起入室盗窃案。行窃的人只偷了奶酪、黄油、巧克力和其他做蛋糕的材料。
Development
一个店员认出了那个贼是Clara,两个警察找到了她家,Clara见到警察后掩面坐在地上。Clara的儿子以为是有人来给他过生日,Clara向两位警察解释了她盗窃的原因。
Para. 1
Looking into the woman’s teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house.
①Alan走进Clara家看到了什么?她的家里是什么样的?
②前文只提到了Clara的儿子的声音,那后来警察有没有见到他?他是什么样的?
③Alan是怎么做的?他把偷了东西的Clara带走了吗?
④结合续写第二段开头提示语“Bob沉思着,点了点头”,那么Alan说了什么?
Para. 2
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?”
①针对Bob提出的问题,Alan如何作答呢?
②两位警察如何应对Clara盗窃这桩案件呢?
③面对两位警察的做法,Clara是怎样反应的?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Looking into the woman’s teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house. There were no more possessions except for some time-worn furniture, even no fireplace in such weather. At the sight of Alan, the boy, whose face was bright red with cold, could barely contain himself. “Would you like some cake, sir?” he smiled eagerly. “I would like to. But I’m on duty. I just come over to say Happy Birthday to you, kid!” Coming out of the house, Alan gestured Clara in and walked away, making Bob at a loss. “But we haven’t finished yet!” Alan turned around and firmly said, “We can’t get her, at least not today.”
Paragraph 2:
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?” “The bill is on me,” Alan volunteered. After returning to the cake shop, he explained the incident to the shop owner and then paid for the stolen materials. Afterwards, Clara went to the police station, asking for her punishment. What the officers had done made her feel ashamed of her theft. She said that she would improve her life through her own efforts and would no longer do anything illegal again. Everything settled, Alan and Bob continued the patrol and it seemed not that cold ever after.
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