高中英语Unit 1 Science and Scientists精练

这是一份高中英语Unit 1 Science and Scientists精练，共18页。试卷主要包含了Mr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Mr. Jhnsn, what's yur (见解) n the questin put frward at the meeting?
2.The plice can't charge the suspect fr lack f (具体的) evidence.
3.In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable (调查发现) when bserving hneybees.
4.S far ur gvernment has taken a series f measures t prevent the (病毒) frm spreading.
5.The (最初的) mvie abut Hua Mulan was made in 1998 and her stry inspired millins f children wrldwide.
6.The bridge ver the sea which was built last year has a steel (框架).
7.Nw the experts are devted t the research n the (疫苗).
8.When the sun is lw, the grand building will cast a lng s ver the grund.
9.At the high-level meeting, ur chairman encuraged the peple, saying “after the strm cmes the r .”
10.As is knwn t all, water exists in three frms: s , liquid and gas.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be linked t;make sense;carry ut;rather than;care abut;in the first place;get dwn t
1.With the electin ut f the way(结束), the gvernment can business.
2.Britain the rest f Eurpe by the Channel Tunnel.
3.Planning s far ahead desn't —s many things will have changed by the end f next year.
4.Armed with the new GNSS(全球导航卫星系统), they're able t their plans t help peple.
5.T master a freign language, we shuld have a large vcabulary .
6.In my pinin, yu shuldn't yur appearance t much.
7.It's better t express yur anger, bttle it up(压抑).
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1. (initial), the system wrked well, but then we met sme challenges.
2.The priceless treasures (cast) int the Nile during the war many years ag.
3.As a sprts fan, I (subscribe) t several sprts channels n TV last year.
4.The businessmen wh were in truble called fr the gvernment (intervene) t save the steel industry.
5.As a matter f fact, yu shuldn't blame thers yur failure.
6.As far as I'm cncerned, it was this event that (transfrm) my life.
7.Being a cuntry with (multiply) cultures, China attracts many internatinal students.
8.It is the innvative activities between classes strengthen the students' bdy and ease their anxiety.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.16世纪菠萝在欧洲很罕见的原因是它们不能在那里生长。
pineapples were rare in Eurpe in the 16th century was they culdn't grw there.
2.让苹果粉丝们兴奋的是在这次的线上活动中苹果公司发布了一系列新产品。
What made the Apple fans excited Apple Inc. unveiled a range f new prducts during this nline event.
3.问题就是快递包装的绿色治理是否能够尽快执行。
the green gvernance f express packaging can be carried ut as quickly as pssible.
4.这位老师不能理解的是对她的课感兴趣的学生越来越少。
fewer and fewer students shwed interest in her lessns.
5.在第七次全国人口普查中,是普查人员挨家挨户登记的信息。
In the seventh natinal ppulatin census, census takers went dr t dr t have infrmatin registered.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2020黑龙江鹤岗一中高二期末,)
Inventr, physicist, surveyr, astrnmer, bilgist, Hke was all these and mre. Sme say he was the mst utstanding experimental scientist f the 17th century. In the curse f his wrk, he cperated with famus men f science like Isaac Newtn, and the great architect Christpher Wren.
Hke's early educatin began at hme, under the guidance f his father. He entered Westminster Schl at the age f 13, and frm there went t Oxfrd, where he came int cntact with sme f the best scientists in England. Hke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age f 28, he was named Curatr f Experiments at the newly frmed Ryal Sciety f Lndn—meaning that he was respnsible fr demnstrating (展示) new experiments at the sciety's weekly meeting. Hke accepted the jb, even thugh he knew that the sciety had n mney t pay him!
Watching living things thrugh a micrscpe was ne f his favurite pastimes. He invented a cmpund micrscpe fr this purpse. One day while bserving a crk (软木塞) under a micrscpe, he saw hneycmb-like structures. They were cells—the smallest units f life. In fact, it was Hke wh invented the term “cell” as the bx-like cells f the crk reminded him f the cells f a mnastery (修道院).
Anther achievement f Hke's was his bk Micrgraphia, which intrduced the enrmus ptential f the micrscpe. It cntains fascinating drawings f the things he saw under the micrscpe. The bk als includes, amng ther things, ideas n gravity, light and cmbustin (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theretical framewrks n these phenmena.
Hke made a valuable cntributin t astrnmy t. A crater (火山口) n the mn is named after him in hnur f his service t this branch f science.
1.Why did Hke accept the jb as Curatr f Experiments?
A.Because he liked designing experiments.
B.Because his family needed his supprt.
C.Because his parents culdn't affrd his educatin.
D.Because he wanted t please sme famus scientists.
2.What des the underlined wrd “pastimes” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Jbs.
B.Experiments.
C.Hbbies.
D.Structures.
3.What can we knw abut Hke?
A.He went t Oxfrd in 1645.
B.He was well paid in the Ryal Sciety.
C.He made a cntributin t medicine.
D.His bk Micrgraphia may have helped Newtn.
4.Which wrd can be used t describe Hke?
A.Hnest.
B.Creative.
C.Reliable.
D.Mdest.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020湖北华中师大一附中高二上期末,)
The wrld's yungest DJ wh is just tw years ld has thusands f fans thanks t his ability. Oratilwe Hlngwane, whse DJ name is AJ, is 1 learning t put tgether wrds, but the baby is already able t 2 and play music frm a laptp and has becme famus in Suth Africa. His ability has even 3 him special appearances(演出), with fans 4 t hear his music.
His recent 5 at a supermarket near his hme in Jhannesburg 6 a large crwd as he mved his head t the 7 , with large headphnes arund his neck. His mther, Refile Marum, 8 his success t his father Glen Hlngwane's decisin t buy an iPad fr his then unbrn sn. Mr. Hlngwane, a gymnastics cach and 9 DJ, had planned t dwnlad sme educatinal apps fr the child as well as a DJ app fr himself.
A mbile phne recrding f him playing music was shared nline and the yungster nw has nearly 25,000 Facebk 10 . Hwever, sme peple 11 his parents f abusing and making mney frm their child's ability. Mr. Hlngwane said he wuld nt “ 12 his kid” and that he wasn't allwed t play in clubs r at parties 13 his age. The parents als insisted that they wuld nt 14 their sn t be a DJ when he grew up. They believed his interest in electrnic equipment wuld prbably decide his future. Mr. Hlngwane added, “I can see a 15 Bill Gates here.”
B.still
C.therefre D.merely
B.adpt
C.select D.tease
B.exchanged
C.risked D.updated
B.unwilling
C.admirable D.apprpriate
B.cmpetitin
C.reputatin D.appearance
B.benefited
C.attracted D.disappinted
B.flash
C.pattern D.beat
B.accustmed
C.appealed D.wed
B.cautius
C.devted D.ridiculus
B.fllwers
C.spnsrs D.experts
B.acquired
C.accused D.cnvinced
charge f B.take pssessin f
C.take advantage f D.take place f
t B.in spite f
C.rather than D.in additin t
B.allw
C.dubt D.frce
B.cntemprary
C.future D.predictable
Ⅲ.语法填空
(独家原创试题,)
One f the premier medical 1 (scientist)in the 21st century is Zhng Nanshan. Brn in 1936 and 2 (graduate) frm Peking University Health Science Center, this rdinary but great man has been wrking in the medical field fr ver 40 years. He is a gd dctr in the patients' eyes and 3 kind medical prfessr in his students' eyes.
In 2003, SARS brke 4 in China and acrss the glbe. Zhng Nanshan nt nly led but als 5 (take)an active part in the battle against SARS. At that time mst peple had n 6 (nature)defense against the disease. Dangerus 7 it was, Zhng Nanshan wrked hard t treat SARS patients. Meanwhile he underlined the fact 8 teamwrk amng natins culd save lives. Thrugh 9 (they)several mnths' hard wrk, Zhng Nanshan and his wrkmates achieved remarkable achievements. Sn SARS 10 (wipe)ut.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案全解全析
Part 2 Learning Abut Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.cncrete 3.finding 4.virus 5.initial
6.framewrk 7.vaccine 8.shadw 9.rainbw 10.slid
Ⅱ dwn t 2.is linked t 3.make sense 4.carry ut
5.in the first place 6.care abut 7.rather than
Ⅲ 考查词性转换。句意:最初,系统运行良好,但后来我们遇到了一些挑战。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作状语,应用副词形式,故填Initially,意为“开始,最初”。
2.were cast 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在多年前的战争中,这些无价之宝被扔进了尼罗河。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当句子的谓语,由during the war many years ag可以判断用一般过去时,且treasures与cast之间为被动关系,故填were cast。
3.subscribed 考查动词的时态。句意:作为一个体育迷,我去年在电视上订购了好几个体育频道。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当句子的谓语,由last year可知用一般过去时,故填subscribed。
4.interventin/t intervene 考查词性转换。句意:陷入困境的商人们要求政府介入以拯救钢铁业。分析句子结构可知,the gvernment 作动词短语called fr的宾语,故填名词interventin。也可理解为考查非谓语动词,此处包含call fr sb. t d sth.结构,不定式在这里作宾补,故填t intervene。
5.fr 考查介词。句意:事实上,你不应该把你的失败归咎于其他人。固定短语:blame sb. fr sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人”。故填介词fr。
6.transfrmed 考查动词的时态。句意:就我而言,是这件事改变了我的生活。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当谓语,由was可知用一般过去时,故填transfrmed。
7.multiple 考查词性转换。句意:作为一个拥有多元文化的国家,中国吸引了很多国际学生。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰cultures,故填形容词multiple,意为“多种多样的”。
8.that 考查强调句型。句意:是课间的这些创新活动增强了学生们的体质并且缓解了他们的焦虑。分析句子结构可知,此处是强调句型,强调主语the innvative activities between classes。故填that。
Ⅳ reasn why;that 2.was that 3.The prblem is whether
4.What the teacher culdn't understand was that 5.it was;that/wh
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国伟大的科学家、细胞的发现者罗伯特·胡克。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Hke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments.可知,胡克设计实验和发明仪器的能力非常优秀,由此推断他接受实验馆长一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。故选A。而B、C、D选项都属于主观臆断、无中生有的错误选项,文中没有涉及这些内容。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据上文胡克对实验的喜欢以及第三段他为了观察生物而发明了一种复显微镜可知,用显微镜观察生物是他最喜欢做的事情之一,由此推断出“pastime”意思是“爱好”。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theretical framewrks n these phenmena.可知,胡克的《显微图谱》这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。故选D。由第二段内容可知,1662年胡克28岁,他是在13岁进入威斯敏斯特公学,然后从那里去了牛津大学,他13岁时是1647年,所以上牛津大学的时间不可能是1645年,所以A项错误。B选项“他在英国皇家学会薪水很高”和文中第二段最后一句中的even thugh he knew that the sciety had n mney t pay him相悖。根据文章第一段可知,胡克是发明家、物理学家、监督官员、天文学家、生物学家、艺术家等,全文也没有提及他对医学的贡献,故C选项“他对医学做出了贡献”错误。
4.B 推理判断题。文章介绍了胡克的很多成就,而且他喜欢做实验,也发明了很多仪器,由此推断他是富有创造性的。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.guidance n.指导 2.instrument n.仪器;工具
3.respnsible adj.负责任的 4.ptential n.潜力;潜质
5.fascinating adj.迷人的;吸引人的 6.cntributin n.贡献
长难句分析
原句 The bk als includes, amng ther things, ideas n gravity, light and cmbustin (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theretical framewrks n these phenmena.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。其中amng ther things是插入语,句子的主干是“The bk als includes ideas”。n gravity, light and cmbustin是修饰ideas的介词短语,而that引导的定语从句也修饰ideas,在该定语从句中when引导时间状语从句。
句意 除了其他方面,这本书还包括关于重力、光和燃烧的想法,当像牛顿这样的科学家在发展自己关于这些现象的理论框架时,这些想法可能曾经帮助过他们。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界上最年轻的DJ——奥拉提尔威·隆韦恩,只有两岁却拥有成千上万的粉丝。
1.B 考查副词词义。句意:奥拉提尔威·隆韦恩的DJ名字是AJ,他还在学习说话……。never从不;still仍然;therefre因此;merely仅仅。根据the baby可知他还是个婴儿,还在学习说话。故选B。
2.C 考查动词词义。句意:……但这个婴儿已经能够从笔记本电脑上选择和播放音乐,而且在南非已经很出名了。create创造;adpt采取;select选择;tease取笑。根据常识可知DJ工作的一部分是挑选和播放音乐。故选C。
3.A 考查动词词义。句意:他的能力甚至为他赢得了特别的演出……。earn赢得;exchange交换;risk冒险;update更新。根据句意可知此处表示“赢得”特别的演出。故选A。
4.A 考查形容词词义。句意:……粉丝们迫切地想听到他的音乐。desperate迫切的;unwilling不情愿的;admirable令人钦佩的;apprpriate合适的。作为粉丝,当然是迫切地想听到他播放的音乐。故选A。
5.D 考查名词词义。句意:他最近在约翰内斯堡他家附近的一家超市演出,吸引了一大群人……。mvement运动,活动;cmpetitin比赛;reputatin名声,声誉;appearance演出。故选D。
6.C 考查动词词义。句意同上。mve移动;benefit使受益;attract吸引;disappint使失望。故选C。
7.D 考查名词词义。句意:……他脖子上挂着大耳机,头随着节拍晃动。rhyme押韵;flash闪光;pattern图案;beat节拍。故选D。
8.D 考查动词词义。句意:他的母亲Refile Marum将他的成功归功于他的父亲Glen Hlngwane的决定,他为当时未出生的儿子买了一个iPad。expse暴露;accustm使习惯;appeal呼吁;we归功于。we ne's success t...意为“把某人的成功归功于……”。故选D。
9.C 考查形容词词义。句意:隆韦恩先生,一名体操教练兼狂热的DJ……。allergic过敏的;cautius小心的;devted狂热的;ridiculus荒谬的。根据as well as a DJ app fr himself可知他自己也是一名狂热的DJ。故选C。
10.B 考查名词词义。句意:一段他演奏音乐的手机录像在网上被分享,现在这个孩子在Facebk上有近2.5万名粉丝。cmpetitr竞争者;fllwer拥护者,追随者;spnsr赞助商;expert专家。根据Facebk可知这些人是他的粉丝。故选B。
11.C 考查动词词义。句意:然而,一些人指责他的父母滥用他们孩子的能力并从中赚钱。accmplish完成;acquire获得;accuse谴责;cnvince使确信。根据abusing and making mney可知此处表示“谴责”,accuse sb. f ding sth.意为“谴责某人做某事”。故选C。
12.C 考查动词短语。句意:隆韦恩先生说他不会“利用他的孩子”……。take charge f接管,负责;take pssessin f占有,占领;take advantage f利用;take place f代替,取代。根据上文人们指责隆韦恩夫妇滥用孩子的能力赚钱,可知此处是他父亲回应不会利用他的孩子。故选C。
13.A 考查介词短语。句意:……因为他的年龄,所以不允许他在俱乐部或派对上演奏。due t由于;in spite f尽管,不顾;rather than而不是;in additin t除……之外(还)。故选A。
14.D 考查动词词义。句意:这对父母还坚称,他们不会强迫儿子长大后当DJ。advise建议;allw允许;dubt怀疑;frce迫使。根据They believed his interest in electrnic equipment wuld prbably decide his future.可知他的父母不会强迫他长大后当DJ。故选D。
15.C 考查形容词词义。句意:隆韦恩先生补充道:“我在这里能看到未来的比尔·盖茨。”realistic现实的;cntemprary同时代的;future将来的;predictable可预见的。根据上文中wuld prbably decide his future可知这里指未来。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.dwnlad v.下载 2.educatinal adj.教育的;有教育意义的 3.in additin t除……之外(还) 4.abuse v.滥用;虐待;辱骂 5.make mney 赚钱 6.insist v.坚持说
长难句分析
原句 Oratilwe Hlngwane, whse DJ name is AJ, is still learning t put tgether wrds, but the baby is already able t select and play music frm a laptp and has becme famus in Suth Africa.
分析 本句为并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句;第一个分句中whse DJ name is AJ是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Oratilwe Hlngwane, whse在从句中作定语,修饰DJ name。
句意 奥拉提尔威·隆韦恩的DJ名字是AJ,他还在学习说话,但这个婴儿已经能从笔记本电脑上选择和播放音乐,而且在南非已经很出名了。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了医学专家钟南山的事迹及主要成就。
1.scientists 考查名词的数。ne f后接复数名词。故填scientists。
2.graduating 考查现在分词。动词graduate与其逻辑主语this rdinary but great man之间构成主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作状语。故填graduating。
3.a 考查冠词。此处表示泛指,结合空后的kind可知应用不定冠词a。故填a。
4.ut 考查固定短语。根据语境可知,此处表示在2003年,SARS在中国暴发并扩散至全球。break ut意为“暴发”,符合语境,故填ut。
5.tk 考查动词的时态。本句中nt als...连接并列的谓语,根据led可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填tk。
6.natural 考查形容词。名词defense前应用形容词修饰。故填natural,表示“天然的”。
7.as/thugh 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示尽管危险,但钟南山努力工作,治疗SARS病人。此处形容词Dangerus位于句首构成倒装语序,所以用连词as或thugh引导让步状语从句。故填as或thugh。
8.that 考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导同位语从句,解释名词fact的内容,且从句意思完整,不缺成分,所以用that。
9.their 考查代词。名词wrk前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。
10.was wiped 考查动词的时态和语态。动词短语wipe ut与句子主语SARS之间是被动关系,且事情发生在2003年,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was wiped。
【高频词汇】 1.graduate v.毕业 2.field n.领域 3.defense n.防御能力;防御;辩解 4.meanwhile adv.同时,与此同时
5.remarkable adj.显著的;非凡的