高考英语实用复习七情态动词和虚拟语气优质课件PPT

这是一份高考英语实用复习七情态动词和虚拟语气优质课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了must的用法，shall的用法，must ，虚拟条件句，错综时间条件句，省略if的倒装句，含蓄条件句，Ⅰ 单句语法填空， can ， Were 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
情态动词
一、情态动词的基本用法
can/culd的用法
(1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。can表示现在，culd表示过去。
Mst peple can use WeChat t cmmunicate with thers.大部分人会用微信和别人交流。N ne culd wrk ut the challenging questin in the exam.在这次考试中没人能解答出这个具有挑战性的问题。
(2)表示客观或理论上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
It can be very warm smetimes in this area.这个地区有时可能非常暖和。
(3)表示请求或允许。在疑问句中culd可以代替can，语气更委婉。
Can/Culd I have a wrd with yu? It wn't take lng.我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。
(4)can的几个常用句型
❶can't/can /enugh 再······也不过分Yu can't praise him t much.你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。We can never pay t high a price fr the Cllege Entrance Examinatin.为了高考，我们无论付出多高的代价也不为过。
❷“cannt wait t d ”意思是“急于做”，表示强调的肯定意思。I cannt wait t read the bk。我非常渴望读这本书。
❸can't/culdn't help ding sth 情不自禁地做某事。He culdn't help laughing when he read the funny stry.读了这个有趣的故事，他情不自禁地笑了起来。
may/might的用法
(1)表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。
—May/Might I take this bk ut f the reading rm?—N，yu mustn't. Yu read it in here.——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？——不，绝不可以，你在这儿读。
(2)表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”
May yu be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！
(3)may的常用句型：“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“不妨，最好，倒不如”。
If yu think the price f beef is t high，yu might as well buy sme prk.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。
(1)表示“必须”，语气强烈。
—Shall I infrm him f the change f the schedule right nw?—I am afraid yu must，in case he cmes late fr the meeting.——我该马上通知他日程改了吗？——我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。
(2)意为“偏要，非要······不可”。
If yu must smke，please g t the smking sectin.如果你非要抽烟，请到抽烟区。
(3)mustn't表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。
Yu mustn't play with fire; it's t dangerus.你绝对不能玩火，太危险了。
(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。
—What time shall I pick yu up at yur huse tmrrw，sir?—I haven't decided n the time. But I will call yu.——先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？——我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。
(2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。
Yu shall be punished fr what yu have dne.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。
shuld/ught t的用法
(1)shuld表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。
We shuld make every effrt t prtect the wild elephants.我们应该尽力保护好这些野生大象。
(2)shuld表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。
Such a gentleman shuld d that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。
(3)ught t表示义务或责任，意为“应该”，语气比shuld稍重。
Yu ught nt t be late fr such an imprtant meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到。
will/wuld的用法
(1)与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。will指现在，wuld指过去。
I will never talk t him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。Days later，my brther called t say he was all right，but wuldn't say where he was.几天后，我的哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但是他不愿说他在哪儿。
(2)表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。wuld比will语气委婉。
Will/Wuld yu clse the windw?请把窗户关上好吗？
(3)表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，wuld指过去。
Fish will die withut water.没有水，鱼会死的。When we wrked in the same firm several years ag，we wuld ften g t the cinema tgether.几年前在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去看电影。
need/dare的用法
(1)need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“需要”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。needn't表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答时用needn't。
I needn't use a clck t wake me up because at six 'clck each mrning the train cmes by my huse.我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家房前经过。
(2)dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“敢，胆敢”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
I am s afraid that I dare nt mve.我吓得一动也不敢动。
二、情态动词的推测性用法
can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。culd是can的过去式。
may/ might
may常用于肯定和否定句中；表示某件事情或许会发生，常译为“或许；可能”，might是may的过去式，比may语气更弱。
must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/culd)。
shuld/ ught t
shuld/ught t用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
He can't have left. His cat is here.他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。Mr. Bush is n time fr everything. Hw can it be that he was late fr the meeting？布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？Smene must have used my umbrella yesterday. I fund it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。She prmised t cme by 10 'clck. She shuld/ught t be here at any mment.她答应10点之前来的。她随时都可能来到。
三、“情态动词＋have dne”的用法
must have dne表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，其否定形式为：can't/cannt/culdn't have dne。
It must have rained last night, fr the rad was quite wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。I saw Mr. Wang just nw. He culdn't/can't have gne abrad.刚刚我还看见王先生了，他不可能出国了。
culd have dne意为“本来可以······，本来能够······”，表示虚拟语气。
Yu culd have made greater prgress, but yu didn't try yur best.你本来可以取得更大的进步，但是你没有努力。
may/might have dne表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断，意为“可能/或许已经······”。其否定形式为： may/might nt have dne意为“可能没有做······”。
It's n use ging t his huse. He may nt have gne hme. He may have gne smewhere else.去他家没用。 他可能没有回家，可能已经去了别的地方。
shuld/ught t have dne表示本应该做某事，却没有做，含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为shuld nt/ught nt t have dne表示本不该做某事却做了。
With all the wrk finished, I shuld have gne t the party last night.所有的工作都做完了，我昨晚本该去参加宴会的。Yu ught nt t have made fun f him. He is nt the ne yu laugh at but learn frm.你本不应该取笑他的。他不是你要嘲笑的人而是你应该学习的榜样。
needn't have dne表示本没有必要做某事却做了。
We needn't have bught s much fd nw that Suzie wn't be with us fr dinner.既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。
虚拟语气
一、条件句中的虚拟语气
If I had enugh mney，I wuld buy myself a cmputer first f all.(与现在事实相反)如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。If yu had taken my advice，yu culd have passed the exam.(与过去事实相反)如果你按照我的建议去做，你肯定考过了。If I saw/shuld see/were t see him tmrrw，I wuld invite him t my hme.(与将来事实相反)如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
If I were yu, I wuldn't have taken his stupid advice.如果我是你的话，我才不会听他的馊主意。If yu had studied hard earlier, yu wuld be studying at university nw.如果你早点努力学习，你现在就在上大学了。
当虚拟语气中从句的时间和主句的时间指的不是同一个时间时，这时会构成错综时间虚拟语气，需要根据上下文来判断各自的语气。
If I were at schl again，I wuld study harder.→Were I at schl again，I wuld study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。If they had knwn what was cming next，they might have had secnd thughts.→Had they knwn what was cming next，they might have had secnd thughts.要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。If it shuld rain tmrrw，we wuld nt g climbing.→Shuld it rain tmrrw，we wuld nt g climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。
在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were，had，shuld提到句首，变为倒装句式。
Withut yur help, I culdn't have wn the prize.要是没有你的帮助，我不可能获得这个奖项。
(1)有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的有withut，but fr，under，with等介词。
Yur father felt very tired yesterday，r/therwise he wuld have taken yu t the z.你父亲昨天很累，不然他会带你去动物园的。She wuld have helped yu，but she was busy yesterday.她本来能来帮助你的，但昨天她太忙了。
(2)有时虚拟语气可以由therwise，r，but来引导。
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
下列动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。一主张：insist二命令：rder，cmmand三建议：suggest，advise，recmmend四要求：request，require，ask，demand外加一个敦促：urge
The schl recmmends parents (shuld) nt permit their children t swim in rivers.学校建议父母别让他们的孩子在河里游泳。
在wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式　(be用were)(2)对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词(3)对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
I wish (that) I were a bird and culd fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。I wish yu had cme t my birthday party.但愿你当时来参加我的生日晚会了。We wish we wuld fly t the Mars ne day.但愿我们有一天能飞到火星上。
wuld rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
When my father is upset，he wuld rather we left him alne.当我的父亲烦恼的时候， 他更喜欢我们不打扰他。I'd rather yu hadn't tld me abut it.我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is desired/ suggested/ recmmended/ prpsed/ necessary/ imprtant/ strange/ natural/ essential/ a pity...＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。
It is prpsed that a new nature preserve (shuld) be set up in this area.人们建议在这个地区建立一个新的自然保护区。
四、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestin，prpsal，rder，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。
My advice is that we (shuld) take the price int accunt.我的建议是我们应该把价格因素考虑在内。Yur suggestin that the dr (shuld) be shut when we leave is reasnable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
五、其他句型中的虚拟语气
在“It is (abut/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“shuld＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，shuld一般不省略。
It's high time that we devted/shuld devte urselves t envirnmental prtectin.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
as if，as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
It seems as thugh it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了。(事实上不是)He talked as if he had been t Italy himself.他谈论起来好像自己去过意大利似的。(事实上并没去过)
if nly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
Lk at the truble we're in. If nly we had taken ur teacher's advice！看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
1．Samuel, the tallest by in ur class， ____________________ easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.(2017·北京卷)2．If the new safety system ____________________ (put) t use, the accident wuld never have happened. (2017·北京卷)3． ____________________ (be) it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.(2017·江苏卷)4．Please remind yur grandpa t take medicine n time，fr a man f his age ____________________ be very frgetful.5．What d yu mean，there are nly ten tickets？There ____________________ be twelve.
had been put
6．It's high time that he ____________________ (d) smething instead f just talking.7．We haven't seen my aunt fr many years. We culdn't wait ____________________ (see)her.8．If yu had tld me in advance，I ____________________ (meet) him at the airprt.9．My father suggests that I ____________________ (take) enugh sleep befre the final examinatin.10．He is s happy. He ____________________ (win)the match.
did/shuld d
wuld have met
(shuld) take
must have wn
11．When she was a little girl，she ____________________ sit by the windw every evening，deep in thught.12．Accrding t the factry safety rules，all accidents ____________________ be reprted t the safety fficer.13．She ____________________ (steal)the dictinary，but I'm nt sure.14．Lk! There are s many mistakes in yur cmpsitin. Yu ____________________ (fix)full attentin n it.15．We ____________________ (call )a taxi yesterday if Harld hadn't ffered us a ride hme.
may/might have stlen
shuld have fixed
wuld have called
16．If it ____________________ (be) Sunday tmrrw，I shuld g t see my grandmther.17．We lst ur way in that small village，therwise we ____________________ (visit) mre places f interest yesterday.18．He std up and ffered her his seat，as if he ____________________ (read)her mind.19．If we ____________________ (bk)a table earlier，we wuldn't be standing here in a queue.20．It is suggested that the meeting ____________________ (put)ff till next week.
wuld have visited
had read
had bked
(shuld) be put
1．We can chse between staying at hme and taking a trip.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) 3．Teachers recmmend their students must study in the hliday. 4．Srry，I am t busy nw. If I have time，I wuld certainly g fr an uting with yu. 5．Meanwhile，I fund ut that with mre patience I must make my tys last.
shuld或去掉can
shuld或去掉must
6．The rder came that the medical supplies shuld sent t the earthquake­-stricken area sn. 7．On Sundays when I was a child，father and I will get up early and g fishing. 8．If yu listened t the dctr，yu wuld be all right nw. 9．But fr the rain，we shuld have a pleasant jurney yesterday. 10．My suggestin is that we will hld a meeting this evening.
shuld或去掉will
1．你开车时越细心越好。2．他已经长大了，因此，我们不必担心他。3．我不会游泳，但是我相信通过多练习我就能游泳了。4．门口不可能是邮递员，才六点钟。
Yu cannt be t careful while driving yur car.
He has grwn up，s we dn't need t wrry abut him.
I can't swim，but I am sure I will be able t swim thrugh mre exercise.
It can't be the pstman at the dr. It's nly six 'clck.
5．你本来能做得更好些，但你当时太粗心了。6．没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。7．我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。8．同一件事不必对你说两遍。
Yu culd have dne better，but yu were t careless.
Withut yur help，I wuldn't have succeeded anyway. /If yu hadn't helped me，I wuldn't have succeeded anyway.
We all agreed t his suggestin that we (shuld) g t Dalian fr sightseeing.
Yu needn't be tld twice abut ne single thing.
It was always thught that Treasure Island was the prduct f Rbert Luis Stevensn's imaginatin. Hwever，that's just nt the case. 1．________ (live) abrad fr many years，Rbert returned t Sctland in 1881. With him 2.________ (be) his American wife Fanny and his sn Llyd. They had been enjying Sctland fr several days befre the weather suddenly 3.________ (take) a turn fr the wrse. Kept indrs by the heavy rain，Llyd felt the days dull. T make the by happy，Rbert advised the by 4.________ (d) sme drawing.
Having lived
One mrning，the by came t Rbert with a beautiful map f an island，in the middle f 5.________ Rbert nticed a large crss. “That's where the buried treasure is，”said the by. Rbert 6.________ (sudden) saw smething f an adventure stry in the by's picture. S he began writing the stry. He 7.________ make the her a twelve­year-ld by，just like Llyd. And he based the pirate (海盗) 8.________ his gd friend Henley，wh walked arund with the help f a wden leg. S，thanks t a(n) 9.________ (rain) September in Sctland，a friend with a wden leg，and the imaginatin f a twelve-year-ld by，we have ne f the 10.________ (great) adventure stries in the English language.
I had always gtten alng well with my parents. Unlucky，we started t argue abut what majrs I shuld chse at university ne year ag. Our arguments are getting even bad nw because the time t cmplete the applicatin frms and apply t universities are drawing near. I want t study cmputer sftware prgramming，s my parents suggest that I must becme a dctr. All my parents are dctrs，and they see it as carry n a family traditin. I had never wanted t be dctr and I hate every minute f it. Hw can I handle this situatin?
shuld或去掉must