2023届高考英语二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气课件，共55页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精析，疑难突破，must，might，would，shall，can，should，错综时间条件句，含蓄虚拟条件句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.常见情态动词的用法
考点1 情态动词
(1)can/culd①表示能力Hwever great the difficulties may be, we can vercme them.哪怕是再大的困难我们也能克服。②表示请求与许可Culd/Can I brrw yur reference bks?我可以借用你的参考书吗？
③表示可能性(常指理论上或习惯上的可能性)Peter can be really difficult at times even thugh he is a nice persn in general.总体而言，彼得是一个很好的人，但是有时他也很难相处。④表示推测(只用于疑问句和否定句中)—Smene is kncking at the dr. Wh can it be?——有人在敲门，会是谁呢？—It can’t be Jim. He is still at schl.——一定不是吉姆，他还在上课呢。
(2)may/might①表示许可或征询对方的许可Yu may take whatever yu like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。②表示可能性，有“或许、可能”的意思，多用于肯定句中，语气较弱。They might be having a meeting, but I’m nt sure.他们有可能正在开会，不过我不肯定。③表示祝愿，用于祈使句中；常用“May＋主语＋动词原形”。May yu succeed！　祝你成功！
④对含有may的一般疑问句的否定回答形式是：N, yu mustn’t./N, yu may nt./N, yu can’t./N, yu’d better nt.⑤may/might as well这种结构表示有礼貌的劝告，常译为“还是……为好”。There is nthing t d, s I may as well g t bed.　没什么事情可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。
(3)must①表示“必须，应该”We must d everything step by step.我们必须逐步做每件事。②表示推测，意为“一定，必定”，只用于肯定句中，语气较强。He must be ill. He lks s pale.他一定是病了。他的脸色很苍白。③表示“非要，偏偏”If yu must smke, d it utside, please.如果你一定要吸烟，请到外面去吸。
④mustn’t表示“禁止”Smking mustn’t be allwed in the ffice.办公室里不许吸烟。⑤对含有must的一般疑问句的否定回答形式是：N, yu needn’t./N, yu dn’t have t. —Must we hand in ur exercise bks nw?——我们现在必须要交练习本吗？—N, yu needn’t./N, yu dn’t have t.——不，你们不必。
(4)shall①用于第一、第三人称疑问句， 表示征询对方意见或请求指示。Shall I pen the windw?我能打开窗户吗？②用于第二、第三人称陈述句，表示命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心等。Yu shall have my answer tmrrw.你明天可以得到我的答复。③用于法律、协定、条约等文件中。The interest shall be divided int five parts, accrding t the agreement made by bth sides. 根据双方的协定，利息应分为五部分。
(5)shuld/ught t①意为“应该，应当”(表义务、责任)。Yu shuld/ught t be plite t yur teachers.　你应该对老师有礼貌。②意为“按理说，按理应该”(表逻辑推测)。She prmised t cme by 10 ’clck. She shuld/ught t be here at any mment.她答应10点之前来，她随时都可能来到这儿。③shuld还可表示“竟然”(含惊讶意味)。It’s surprising that Mary shuld lve such a persn as Jack.玛丽竟然爱上像杰克这样的人，真是让人惊讶。
(6)will/wuld①表示意志、意愿、决心等If yu will read the bk, I’ll lend it t yu.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。②表示请求、建议等Will yu clse the windw? It’s a bit cld.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
③表示规律性或倾向性The dr wuldn’t pen, n matter hw hard Granny pushed.无论奶奶怎么使劲推门，门都不开。Fish will die ut f water.鱼离开水就会死。④wuld常指过去的习惯、习性或倾向等。Every time she was in truble, she wuld g t him fr help.她每次遇到麻烦都会向他求助。
(7)dare/need①need表示“需要”；needn’t表示“不必”。—Need he cme nw?——他现在需要来吗？—Yes, he must./N, he needn’t./N, he desn’t have t.——是的，他必须来。/不，他不必来。/不，他不必来。
②dare既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句中。The girl didn’t dare (t) g hme.这个女孩不敢回家。D yu dare t jump int the cean?你敢跳进海里吗？They daren’t ask fr any mre mney.他们不敢再要钱了。
2.“情态动词＋have dne” 的6种用法
Srry，I’m late. I might have turned ff the alarm clck and gne back t sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。Lk! There are s many mistakes in yur cmpsitin. Yu shuld have fixed full attentin n it.看！你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。
1.can与be able t
表示“经过努力设法做成某事”时不用can，应用be able t。can表示“能力”时，侧重于因有某种知识和技能而能办到某事。【典例】　用culd或was able t填空The fire spread thrugh the htel very quickly，but everyne____________ get ut.
解析　由句意可知，此处应该是所有人经过努力最后出去了，所以应该用was able t。
答案 was able t
2.can’t与may nt表示推测
can’t表示“不可能”，may nt表示“可能不，或许不”。很明显，can’t比may nt语气强。【典例】　It ________ be the pstman at the dr.It’s nly six ’clck nw.
答案 can’t
解析　can’t不可能，在此表示有把握的否定推测，符合句意。
3.can’t，mustn’t，needn’t
can’t指“无能力”；mustn’t指“不允许，一定不要”；needn’t指“不必”。【典例】　用can’t，mustn’t或needn’t填空①There is a meeting inside.Yu__________ make any nise.
答案 mustn’t
解析　句意：里面在开会，你不许制造任何噪音。故应填mustn’t。
②He is s yung that he ___________ make a living.
解析　句意：他太小了不能维持生计。故应填can’t。
③Accrding t tday’s weather reprt，it des nt rain，s yu___________ take the umbrella.
解析　句意：根据今天的天气预报，今天不下雨，所以你没有必要带雨伞。故应填needn’t。
答案 needn’t
1.Yu ____________ be Carl.Yu haven’t changed a bit after all these is unpredictable; even the prest ____________ becme the richest.3.I still remember my happy childhd when my mther ____________ take me t Disneyland at weekends.
选词填空(wuld，shall，must，might, can，shuld)
4.—Can I pay the bill by check?—Srry, Sir.But it is the management rules f ur htel that payment ____________ be made in giant panda lks very mild.But it ____________ be very fierce when yu anny players frm Shanghai Ftball Club have been ding very well recently, s they ____________ win the final match.
1.虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况
考点2 虚拟语气
If there were n air，we culdn’t live. 如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。If there had been n air in the tube，the result f the experiment wuld have been mre accurate. 如果管子里没有空气，实验的结果就会更精确。If he were t cme tmrrw, things wuld be easier. 如果他明天来，事情就容易多了。
2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种条件
(1)在“It is＋imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。It’s vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。(2)在wuld rather (that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。I’d rather he had gne t the seaside with me the day befre yesterday.要是他前天和我去海边就好了。
(3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“shuld＋动词原形”，其中shuld可以省略。
He suggested that we (shuld) start ff early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。(4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气①对现在的虚拟： 过去式(be的过去式用were)②对过去的虚拟： had＋过去分词③对将来的虚拟：wuld/culd/might＋动词原形I wish (that) I were ten years yunger.我希望我能年轻十岁。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.　我希望我昨天见到了那位电影明星。
3.3个特定句式中的虚拟语气
If nly I had seen the film.要是我看过那部电影就好了。It is high time that we started/shuld start ut.　我们该出发了。He messed the prject up, but he behaved as if nthing had happened.他把计划搞砸了，但他表现得若无其事。
1.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/shuld，有时可把if省略，把were/had/shuld提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，nt不可提前。Had he caught the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.　要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。If we had bked a table earlier, we wuldn’t be standing here in a queue. (if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)　如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。
(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but fr, withut等介词(短语)来表示。We wuldn’t have finished the prject n time withut yur timely help.　如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程。(2)用连词therwise, r等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。
1.But fr yur help we ____________________________________________.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。2.If a persn’s clthes were dirty and wrn, he __________________________， and anny him in every way.如果遇见衣衫褴褛的人，他就会拿石头砸过去，或者用其他手段骚扰人家。
culdn’t have succeeded in the experiment
wuld thrw stnes at him
3.If yu had cme a few minutes earlier，yu _______________________________________the famus singer.　如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。4.It’s high time that we __________________________________________________________.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。5.They talked and talked as if/thugh they ____________________________.他们说个不停，好像永远不会再见面一样。
wuld(shuld/culd/might)
shuld devte/devted urselves t envirnmental
wuld never meet again
单句语法填空/单句改错
1.(2022·合肥模拟)The new airprt cmplex，cnsisting f a main terminal, a supprting service building and a parking lt, ____________ (cver) an area f abut 1.4 millin square meters.2.(2022·衡水五调)Knwn as the “Sea Garden”，Maca, while filled with luxury and wrld－class entertainment，als ____________ (ffer) many landmarks that define the city’s unique and fascinating culture.
3.(2022·南京十校5月调研)He had his eyes n me, and I guessed he _______________(cnsider) right then whether r nt t tell me the truth.4.(2022·河南省实验期中)Since scientists in Sctland successfully clned a sheep and named the newbrn Dlly, the clne technlgy ________________________________ (advance) slwly but steadily.5.(2022·湖北黄冈八模)US writer Margaret Lee Runbeck nce _____________ (write) “Happiness is nt a statin yu arrive at, but a manner f traveling.”But traveling is nt always happy, at least fr the buddies in the mvie Green Bk. The mvie ____________ (adapt) frm the true stry f a rad trip thrugh the suthern US in the early 1960s.
was cnsidering
has advanced/has been advancing
was adapted
6.(2022·南京十校5月调研)By the time the ban was finally lifted, he ________________ (stick) at the airprt fr mre than tw weeks.7.(2022·北京西城区统一测试)5G is the innvatin that ______________(shape)all ur lives fr years t cme.8.(2022·宁波十校联考)Since 1972, mre than 800 cultural sites that are thught t be f special imprtance t human histry and culture _________________ (add) t the Wrld Heritage cmputer didn’t start this mrning. There ____________ have been smething wrng with it.
had been stuck
have been added
10.The number f the children wh wn the iPads ____________ (be) grwing all the time.11.(2022·衡水中学一模)Hurry up, kids! The schl bus was waiting fr us！____________12.(2022·江西九江高三一模)When I first meet Bryan I didn’t like him, but I have changed my mind.____________13.(2022·福州质检)She was phning smene, s I nd t her and went away.______________14.(2022·陕西渭南一模)I am srry I didn’t g t the cinema with yu yesterday. Yu knw, I have seen the film.____________
1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it ____________ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.2.(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China’s lng histry. It ____________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).3.(2021·全国甲卷)We ____________ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky but did the jb.
4.(2021·浙江卷)It desn’t impress like Gerge Washingtn’s plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, ________________________(prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.5.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang’e－4 prbe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess—____________ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple－Aitken basin.6.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a celebratin marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers ____________ (carry) special significance.
has prved/has prven
7.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Actually，I ____________ (start) t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld，but I have lng been ut f practice.8.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Fr example, every mrning, my dad has t have a bwl f egg sup while I ____________ (have) t eat an apple.My dad desn’t like the sup and I dn’t enjy apples.9.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The parts f a museum pen t the public ____________(call) galleries r rms.Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin is n display.
10.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene ____________(declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36－year－ld business.
1.(2021·全国乙卷)I als water the flwers in the yard and tidying up my wn bedrm whenever necessary._________________2.(2021·全国甲卷)One f the questins are: Wh will yu g t in times f truble？_________________3.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Actually, I start t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, but/yet I have lng been ut f practice._________________4.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Nw my dream is t pen a cafe.Thugh it may appear simple, it required a lt f ideas and effrts.___________________
tidying→tidy
start→started
required→requires
5.(全国卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize hw right my parents are until I entered high schl. __________________6.(全国卷Ⅲ)It was Mnday mrning, and the writing class had just begin.__________________7. (全国卷Ⅲ)Abut ne mnth after this pht was taken, I entered my secnd year f high schl and becme a new member f the schl music club.__________________8. (全国卷Ⅲ)Hwever, my parents didn’t seem t think s. They always tell me what t d and hw t d it.____________
begin→begun
becme→became
9. (全国卷Ⅰ)Since then—fr all these years—we had been allwing tmates t self－seed where they please.____________10. (全国卷Ⅰ)Lts f studies have been shwn that glbal warming has already becme a very serius prblem. ____________
The first z 1._________________(establish) arund 3，500 years ag by an Egyptian queen fr her persnal enjyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperr 2.____________ (build) a huge z t shw his pwer and wealth.Later zs were set up fr the purpse f studying animals.
Sme f the early Eurpean zs 3.____________ (cnsist) f dark hles r dirty cages，the bad cnditins f which made peple disgusted.Later the zs 4._______________ (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5._______________ (keep) in gd cnditin.These places became the first mdern zs.As early as the 1940s，scientists 6.____________ (understand) that many kinds f wild animals faced extinctin.Since then，zs 7.________________ (try) t save many endangered species，but relying n zs 8.________________ (save) species is nt enugh.The best methd f prtectin is t leave them in their natural habitat.
Tday，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.______________ (watch) carefully fr any signs f disease with specially trained keepers lking after them and sme hspitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a cmfrtable life.Anyway，it is true that z breeding prgrams 10.______________ (play) an imprtant rle in prtecting many species f wildlife nw.
答案1.was established　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“arund 3，500 years ag”可知是过去时态，主语“The first z”和谓语动词establish 是被动关系。又因主语是第三人称单数，故填 was established。]2．built　[考查时态。句中“Five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故填 built。]3．cnsisted　[考查时态。本句的语境是过去，谓语动词用过去式，故填 cnsisted。]
4．were replaced　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。主语“the zs”和谓语动词replace 为被动关系，并且是过去时态，且主语是复数，所以用were replaced。]5．(were) kept　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。“animals there were studied and________”为并列关系，故填(were) kept。]6．understd　[考查时态。“As early as the 1940s”是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式，故填 understd。]7．have tried/have been trying　[考查时态和主谓一致。时间状语为“Since then”，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行。又因主语zs是复数，故填have tried/have been trying。]
8．t save　[考查非谓语动词。rely n sb t d sth 依靠某人做某事，故填t save。]9．(are) watched　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。主语animals和谓语动词watch 是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系，故填(are) watched。]10．are playing　[考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语nw可知，此处应该使用现在进行时。故填 are playing。]
The date f my departure fr Wellingtn is drawing nearly，and I am busy with preparatins.I have been signed up fr a ne－mnth advanced curse arranging fr high schl students.Studying there is expensive but I think it wuld be meaningful.T help t cver the cst f my study，I decide t find the part－time jb there.It’ll be great if I succeed finding ne befre I arrive.Frtunately，my aunt Sally，wh has a wide scial netwrk in Wellingtn than me，can lend me a hand. She tld me there might be anyne in need f a huse cleaner，gardener，and babysitter fr their children.I’m really lking frward t my study turs in Wellingtn.
①副词误用。nearly作副词意为“几乎，差不多”，near作副词意为“临近”。根据句意可知，此处应用near。②语态误用。sign up fr“报名参加”与主语I是主动关系，故应用现在完成时的主动形式。③非谓语动词误用。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处非谓语动词作后置定语修饰curse，arrange与curse是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词的－ed形式作定语。④时态误用。此处表达从现在看将来要发生的事情，故用一般将来时。⑤冠词误用。此处意为“一份兼职工作”，表示泛指，故用a。