高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness导学案及答案

必修一Unit 3知识清单+巩固练习

***重点单词***

honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸

(1)in honour of 为了表示对……的敬意；为了纪念……

(2)have the honour to do/of doing... 有幸做……

=be/feel honoured to do/of doing... 为做……而感到荣幸

(3)It's an honour to do...  很荣幸做……

honour v. 尊敬(某人); 给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号) 

(4)honour sb.with sth.for...  因……授予某人某物

(5)be honoured as...  被尊称为……

→honourable adj.光荣的；高尚的

determine vt.决定；判决

(1)determine to do...  决定做……(表示动作)

(2)be determined to do...  决心做……(表示状态)

(3)determine on/upon  决定

→determination n．决心；决定

with determination 坚决地；果断地

→determined adj.  坚决的；坚定的；果断的

injure vt. (使)受伤；损害

→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的

(1)the injured 伤员

→injury n．伤害；损伤

(2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.  害某人

strength n．力量；体力

(1)build up one's strength/body 强身健体

(2)strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点

(3)The strength of...is that...  ……的优点是……

→strong adj. 强壮的

→strengthen vt. 加强；巩固

fail v．失败；不及格

(1)fail to do...  未能做……

(2)fail in doing sth ...  在(做）……失败

→failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)

(3)end in failure 以失败告终

[易错点拨]　

(1)failure表示抽象意义的“失败”时，不可数；表示具体意义“失败的人或事”时，则可数。

(2)failure后可接不定式作定语，但不接of doing...。

compete vi. 竞争；对抗

(1)compete in  参加……比赛；在……方面竞争

(2)compete for 为……而竞争

(3)compete with/against...for... 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争

→competition n．竞争

→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的

→competitor n．竞争者

pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮

pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是……

pretend to do sth.  假装做某事

pretend to be doing sth.  假装正在做某事

pretend to have done sth.  假装已经做了某事

pretend that ...  假装……

[拓展]　

和pretend有类似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen，appear，seem，claim等及be said to结构。

diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食  vi.节食

a balanced diet  平衡膳食

be on a diet 节食

go on a diet 节食

stress n．压力；紧张；重音

(1)under stress 在压力之下

(2)put sb.under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力

(3)lay/place/put stress on sth.  强调某事物

stress vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安

stress the importance of ... 强调……的重要性

→stressful adj.紧张的；有压力的

positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的

(1)on the positive side 　从好的方面看

(2)be positive about sth.  对某事有信心/乐观

(3)be positive that... 对……有把握；信心

***重点短语***

come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快；出现

come up with 想出；提出

come about 发生

come across 穿过(路、桥)；(偶然)遇见；发现

come out 出来；(书等)出版；发行

come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到

When it comes to...  当谈到……

work out 锻炼；计算出；解决；理解；(有预期的)结果

work on 从事……；继续……

work at 从事，致力于……

work as 充当，作为……而工作

at/out of work 在工作/失业

make a difference 对……有作用/有影响

make use of 利用；使用

make it 获得成功；准时到达

manage it 能做到

set an example (for sb) （为...某人）树立榜样

follow sb.'s example 学某人的样子

be an example to sb. 成为某人的榜样

for example 例如

fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃

fall down 　　　摔倒

fall off 从……掉下来

fall behind 落后，跟不上

fall over 跌倒，绊倒

fall into 养成，染上

fall out (头发等)脱落；吵架

[语境助记]　

A banana skin fell off the table.The little girl didn't see it.She stepped on it and fell over.What's worse，her bowl broke into pieces.Quickly，her mother ran in and picked her up.If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything，the girl will fall behind others in time.

香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来。小女孩没有看见。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎片。她妈妈立刻跑进来扶起她。如果小女孩养成事事依赖父母的习惯，她迟早会落后于其他孩子的。

lose heart 丧失信心；泄气

(1)put one's heart into ... 一心扑在……上

learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢……

strike ... into one's heart  使……刻骨铭心

from the bottom of sb.'s heart   从某人的心底

(2)heart and soul 全心全意地

give up 放弃；投降

give away  分发；赠送；泄露

give back 归还

give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)

give out 分发；用完；耗尽

give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交

make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表达清楚

(1)make sense of 理解；明白

make no sense   没意义

(2)in a sense  在某一方面；就某种意义来说

in no sense  决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)

common sense  常识

There is no/little sense in doing sth.   做某事没道理

make a difference 有作用或影响；有差别，造成影响，起作用

make some difference to 对……有些关系

make no/little difference 没影响，不重要

tell the difference between...and...  辨别出……

rather than 而不是

(1)rather than 而不是

rather sb.than sb. 不想做别人要去做的事

(2)or rather 更确切地说；更准确地讲

(3)would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿……而不愿……；与其……倒不如……

(4)would rather ＋从句用过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟

cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下

cut in 插嘴，打断讲话

cut across 抄近路穿过；横越

cut down 砍倒；缩减

cut off 切断；割掉；截断(退路等)

cut up 切碎；伤心

now and then 有时，偶尔

now and then  有时；偶尔

sometimes 有时

at times 有时；偶尔

occasionally 偶尔

once in a while 偶尔，有时

compare...with/to ……与……比较

***重点句型***

It's up to sb. to do sth.做某事由某人来决定。

up to 多达……

be up to (doing)sth.      正在(做)……；从事于……；胜任做……

up to now      到目前为止

when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。

when，while和as都可引导时间状语从句

其具体含义和用法如下：

(1)when“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生

(2)while “当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生

(3)as “一边……一边……”常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生

①When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.

当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。

②Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.

客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。

③As he grew older，he became less active.

随着他逐渐长大 ，他变得不那么活泼了。

[名师点津]　

如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。

When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.

我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。

even if/though引导让步状语从句，语气较强，此外，if，though，although也可引导让步状语从句；意为“虽然，尽管”。

①If life there was full of hardships，it was also full of joy and excitement.

虽然那儿的生活非常艰苦，但是也非常愉快和令人兴奋的。(这里的if相当于even if)

②Air exists everywhere although we can't see it.

尽管我们看不见空气，但它却无处不在。

③Even though/if I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.

虽然我理解你说的话，但我不同意你的意见。

once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”

once在本句中引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。如果once引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，或从句为“it be...”形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”或“it be”可以省略。

①Once trust is lost，what is left?

一旦失去了信任，还剩下什么呢？

②Once the song is heard，it will never be forgotten.

一旦被听过，这首歌很难被忘记。

③Once seen，the picture is difficult to forget.

一旦看见，这幅画很难被忘记。

***巩固练习***

 一、短语翻译 

1. 锻炼；计算出；解决 _________

2. 跟随，到达_________

3. 树立榜样_________

4. 丧失信心；泄气_________

5. 放弃；投降_________

6. 成功，准时到达_________

7. 破裂，崩溃  _________

8. 习惯做……_________

9. 为…… 竞争_________

10. 有道理；表述清楚_________

11. 假装做某事_________

12. 即使；虽然_________

13. 有作用或影响_________

14. 而不是_________

15. 对……积极的_________

16. 与……比较_________

17. 有时，偶尔_________

18. 停止做；剪下_________ 

二、单词拼写。

1. We will definitely get a medal in the team ___________ (项目)．

2. This activity is suited to all levels of ___________ (健康)．

3. She won three silver ___________ (奖牌) in the Olympics.

4.French was a language he had never ___________ (掌握)．

5. He overcame the difficulties with courage and ___________(决心).

6. She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the ___________(力量) of her muscles.

7. Students should never  __________（作弊）in exams.   

8. As the old saying goes, __________ (失败) is the mother of success.

9. Hu Ge got badly  ___________ (受伤) in the car accident.

10. Most students take quite ___________ (积极的) attitudes towards their difficulties.

三、单句语法填空

1. He is used to________ (get) up early to read English in the morning.

2. You should get more exercise to________ your muscles. (strong)

3. Tom worked hard and set ________ example to his classmates.

4. It was his ____________(determine) that got him into a medical school.

5. My left foot was____________ (injury) in the football game yesterday。

6. She danced ________ in the dancing party last night. (graceful)．

7. The prize for the winner of the ___________(compete) is a two-week holiday in Paris.

8. Traffic accidents happen now ______then in our daily life.

9. We students should be positive ______ about our study.

10. Yuan Longping ____________ (honor) as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．

四、单项选择题

1. When the right opportunity ______ she'll take it.

A. comes across      B. comes true 

C. comes along    D. comes down

2. The three parties will meet next month to ______the pollution problems.

A. work out        B. work as

C. work at       D. work on 

3. Lucy failed in the computer test last time while I ______.

A. got it          B. took it

C. made it        D. did it

4. The 2008 Olympic Games is the biggest sporting _______ held in Beijing.

A. accident  B. event  C. incident  D. thing

5. My uncle hasn't been able to ______ smoking, but at least he has cut down.

A. give in          B. give out

C. give away      D. give up 

6. He dropped out of school at age 16 and his health started to _____.

A. fall apart       B. fall down

C. fall behind      D.  fall off

7. Jean likes to ______ her favorite pictures from the magazine.

A. cut down         B. cut out

C. cut in          D. cut off

8. We shall not ___________ in the face of difficulties.

A. lose our heart B. lose hearts

C. lose heart     D. lose the heart

9. He ___________ an important paper when the boss came in.

A. pretended to be reading 

B. pretended to reading   

C. pretended reading

D. pretended to read

10. What he said about the matter didn't________ me?

A. make sense     B. make no sense 

C. make sense of  D. make sense to 

11. He has to compete _______ 20 other people _______ the job..

A. to; for          B. with; for

 C. with; against   D. for; for

12. What he did really makes a ________ in my life and changes me into a positive boy.

A. difference     B. difficulty

C. influence      D. example 

13. ________ take the plane all the way, they decided to take the train to Canada.

A. Other than     B. More than

C. Rather than    D. Less than

14. We'll make a trip even ________ the weather is bad.

A. what if       B. as though

C. as if         D. even though

15. ________ them, we're more confident of success.

A. Compared with    B. Compared to

C. Comparing with   D. A&B

16. Let's have a good rest, __________?

   A. will you    B. shall we

C. won’t you     D. Don’t you

17. Mr. Smith had an important meeting just now, ________? 

A. did he     B. had he

 C. didn’t he     D. hadn’t he

18. Be careful with your passport and money when you are in a foreign country, ________?

A. will you  B. can you 

C. aren’t you   D. don’t you

19. The boss doesn’t allow the clerks to smoke in the office, ________?

A. does he   B. doesn’t he

C. is he          D. isn’t he

20. There won’t be  more pollution in ten years, _______?

A. is it         B. will it

C. will there    D. does there 

五、完成句子

1. 众所周知，锻炼对我们的健康有很大的作用。（make a difference）

2. 为了保持健康，我决定改掉这些坏习惯。（determine to do, get rid of ）

3. 自从对自己和自己的身体有了积极的态度后，我现在越来越健康了。(be positive about)

六、阅读理解

"The word "sport" first meant something that people did in their free time. Later it often meant hunting wild animals and birds. About a hundred years ago the word was first used for organized games. This is the usual meaning of the word today. People spend a lot of time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people play because they leant to. A few people are paid for sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen. They may be sportsmen for only a few years, but during that time the best ones can earn a lot of money. For example, a professional football player in England earns more than 300,000 dollars a year. The stars earn a lot more. International golf and tennis champions can make more than 500,000 dollars a year. Of course, only a few sportsmen can earn as much as that.Perhaps the most surprising thing about sportsmen and money is that the stars can earn more money from advertising than from sports. An advertisement for sports equipment does not simply mean, "Buy our things". It says, "Buy the same shirt and shoes as…". Famous sportsmen can even advertise things like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their names or a photo of them and they are paid for this. Sport is no longer just something for people's spare time.

1.From the passage we can learn that _______.

A. famous people spend too much money and time on sports

B. The development of sports is slower than any other activity

C. Most people enjoy sports because they can earn a lot of money

D. Now sports is not only an amusement for people

2.In this passage "professional sportsmen" means people " ________".

A. who teach others how to make money in sports

B. who take sports as their jobs

C. who are very fond of sports

D. who teach other sportsmen how to play sports

3.Now, the "sport" means _______.

A. what most of the people do in their spare time

B. hunting wild animals and birds in the forests

C. organized games

D. something that people are paid to

4.Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Most people play sports only for money.

B. Those who play sports earn more than those who do not.

C. People play sports for different purposes.

D. Those who play sports want to keep strong and fit.

七、七选五

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air" . 1_____ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.2_____ If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 3_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 4_____ It gives us a great feeling of peace.5_____While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.

八、语法填空

What do the five Olympic signs on the flag represent? 1________ is widely believed that the five-riing Olympic symbol was created by Frenchman Pierre De Coubertin in 1913. as the founder of the modern Olympic Games, he wanted 2___________(celebrate) the 20the anniversary(周年纪念) of the Games and chose a design of five rings, 3_________ represented the five continents(洲) taking part in the Games. The rings 4_____________(become) the official Olympic symbol at the 1920 Games in Belgium.Pierre de Coubertin thought that the five interlocking rings meant the five continents 5______________(compete) in the Games and the meeting of their athletes at the Olympic games. 6_____________(actual) every part of the modern Olympic symbol and flag shows the main purpose of the Games in a particular way. The Olympic flag, with its familiar rings, is used as 7____________ international symbol of peace, unity and 8____________(agree). The white background of the flag stands 9________ peace and truth.At the end of each Olympic Games, the mayor(市长) of the hosting city passes the Olympic fag to the mayor of the city where the next Olympics 10_____________(hold) for years later. The flag remains there until the next Olympics.

***参考答案***

一、短语翻译

1. work out   2. come along   3. set an example    4. lose heart    5. give up

6. make it     7. fall apart    8. be/get used to doing   9. compete for

10. make sense  11. pretend to do sth   12. even if/though   13. make a difference

14. rather than   15. be positive about   16. compare … with/to  17. now and then 

18. cut out

二、单句语法填空

1. getting       2. strengthen        3. an    4. determination    5. injured 

6. gracefully 7. competition    8. and    9. about   10. is honored

三、单词拼写

1. event      2. fitness      3. medals       4. mastered        5. determination   

6. strength     7.  cheat    8.  failure       9. injured          10. positive

四、单项选择

1—5 CACBD     6—10 ABCAD    11---15  BACDD     16—20 BCAAC

五、完成句子。

1. It is known to all/As is known to all, exercise makes a great difference to our health.

2. In order to keep healthy, I determine to get rid of these bad habits.

3. Since I was positive about myself and my body, I have been healthier and healthier now.

六 DDCC

七 EAGCD

八  1. It  2. to celebrate   3. which   4. became   5. competing   6. Actually   7. an  8. agreement    9. for    10. will be held