新疆喀什莎车县第一中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语【试卷+答案】

莎车县第一中学2021-2022学年度第一学期期中考试

高一英语试题

第一部分  阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

 Listed below are some of the classic local hiking challenges. Most of these hikes are along the Long Trail (路径),the oldest long-distance hiking trail in the United States: initiated in 1910.

SUNSET LEDGE 2924’ 2.2 MILES

Perfect for kids.Popular! Park at the lop of Lincoln Gap and head south on the long Trail. Views over Addison County to Lake Champlain and the Adirondack range. About an hour round trip, plus the time you spend enjoying the view.

GENERAL STARK 3662'  3.2 MIlES

A local's favorite with fantastic views.Start from the App Gap and head South on the long Trail up steep Stark's Wall all and follow the Long Trail to the Stark's Nest Shelter at the top of the Single Chair. Or start from the Mad River Glen ski area and hike the service roads up to the same spot. About 3 hours round trip.

CAMEL'S HUMP 4080'  7.4 MILES

This most challenging 7.4 miles round trip hike takes you above the trees to Vermont's highest undeveloped peak. Spectacular views and an unparalleled feeling of accomplishment. Budget 5 hours. About a 40 minutes drive from the Mad River Valley to railhead either in Duxbury or in Huntington.

MT.ABRAHAM 4000'  5.2 MILES

This is a 4-hour hike if you are a normal human being and the views are spectacular. Mt.Abr is one of Vermont's 5 peaks over 4000’, with 360° panoramic views. Part of the Monroe Skyline Park at Lincoln Gap and head North on the Long Trail. If you hike in the summer, hike down Upper Jester and ride the Super Bravo chair to Sugarbush base area.

TO ENSURE A GREAT HIKE

These hikes are challenging: do not underestimate the journey. Be prepared. Always bring a good, printed trail map; Map Adventures is the best (at The Tempest Bookshop or local gear shops). Trail markers are not always visible and estimated hiking time is based on fit individuals. Always wear hiking shoes, carry a backpack with more water than you think you will need, some calorie-rich foods, and a flashlight; bring an extra layer for warmth or rain. Sunscreen might be a good idea depending on the season.

1. Which trail are professional hikers most likely to go to?

A. Sunset Ledge B. General Stark

C. Camel's Hump D. Mt.Abraham

2. Before these hikes, you should__________.

A. go to a local gear shop. B. bring extra clothes in case.

C. invite a friend to go with you. D. wear more sunscreen than necessary.

3. What do these hikes have in common?

A. A Journey along the Long Trail. B. Magnificent views.

C. A more than 3 hours' trip. D. A kids-friendly trail.

B

   On November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one-kilometer swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica. He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and speedos!

Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystem with their large diversity of marine life. When asked why he doesn’t wear a wetsuit, Lewis says, “I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I’m asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”

It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one-kilometer swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius . He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.

Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters. Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body. Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.

This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions. In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica’s Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.

4. Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit?

A. To swim faster. B. To show his bravery.

C. To build up his body. D. To win public attention.

5. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. His body. B. The water.

C. His body temperature. D. The water temperature.

6. What’s Pugh’s advice about swimming in freezing waters?

A. One must be fully prepared.

B. One should be expert at swimming.

C. One should be ready to take on challenges.

D. One must be used to long-distance swimming.

7. What may be the best title for the text?

A. Lewis Pugh: swimming for a cause

B. How to survive a swim in cold waters

C. How to prepare for extreme swimming

D. Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible

C

Empathy (同理心)is one of those strange qualities—something almost everyone wants, but few know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.

What Is Empathy?— Many people confuse sympathy and empathy, but they are two distinct values. Empathy is not just the ability to understand someone's feelings; criminals often take advantage of people by appearing to understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust. Empathy is more than that. Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness, dignity, and understanding.

Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy—While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them. It begins with the way parents relate to their children. Parents who show an interest in the things that matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of empathy.

Meet Emotional Needs—When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive. An empty jug cannot fill a cup.

It's a good idea to talk to kids about emotions and how other people experience them. Give their emotions names (for example, jealousy, anger, and love) and teach them that these are normal. Talk to them about how to handle emotions in a positive way and point out situations where other people are experiencing emotions. Teach them about respecting the emotions of others and show them how to act in a situation where a response is required.

8. Why is it that the next generation are taught to have empathy?

A. Because people tend to center themselves. B. Because everyone lacks empathy.

C. Because empathy is a strange quality. D. Because it's better to give than to receive.

9. Which situation can empathy be used in?

A. When a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland.

B. When a teacher is comforting a student about his failure in exams.

C. When a criminal is cheating a victim.

D. When a dancer is dancing to music.

10. What does the underlined sentence "An empty jug cannot fill a cup" mean?

A. An empty jug is too small to hold a cup.

B. It's a must to talk to kids about emotions.

C. Adults should set an example to kids.

D. Kids give empathy with their emotional needs met first.

11. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. How to train kids to have empathy.

B. How to distinguish sympathy and empathy.

C. How to help kids finish empathy-related tasks.

D. Whether kids can be trained to be more empathetic.

D

Most squirrels don’t hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.

To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.

Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.

Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.

This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood concentration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.

12. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?

A. They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels.

B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.

C. They can live for months without water during hibernation.

D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.

13. The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their___________.

A. high blood concentration B. low blood concentration

C. low body temperature D. high heart rate

14. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_____________.

A. Drinking much water before hibernation

B. Not eating anything during hibernation

C. Drinking less water than they normally do

D. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere

15. What is the author’s attitude towards the new findings?

A. Objective B. Positive

C. Disappointing D. Uncaring

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Things to Keep Your Brain Sharp and Healthy Later in Life

These behaviors and activities are proven to help keep your brain young.

Keep learning new things.

Learning new information and skills throughout your entire life helps to keep your brain strong even in the later years of life. Activities that have the highest value for brain health are novel and complex to each particular person. What is easy for one person may be challenging for another. 16.

Exercise regularly.

Exercise can improve our energy levels, sense of well-being, sleep, and brain health. 17. Identifying why we do not exercise permits us to systematically break down our barriers, and to slowly change our behaviors towards a healthy lifestyle.

Socialize and have fun!

Friends provide opportunities to enable the sharing of experiences, new learning, challenge, emotions, trust, and understanding. Friendship also provides the necessary motivation towards activity and involvement. Engaging in new pursuits with friends often helps develop new life roles, which provide us with an opportunity to feel appreciated, enjoy life, laugh, and have fun. 18.

Be health conscious.

It is important for us to take control of our health and understand that we are in charge of managing of our bodies. 19.  Once we establish our own role in the management of our health, the importance of a close and trusting relationship with our physician becomes apparent.

Slow down and appreciate the silence.

20. Our brains require time to process information more deeply, in order to gain more benefit from our daily experiences. A fast-paced lifestyle can cause chronic stress and have other negative effects on our health and well-being. Reducing demands we place on ourselves is an important step towards stress reduction, and a more fulfilling life.

Studies have shown a relationship between spirituality and the immune system. As we continually learn more about the potential of positive thoughts to influence health, people are beginning to integrate these practices more frequently into their daily lives, and experiencing life-changing results.

A. Engaging in it regularly also reduces the risk of depression and anxiety.

B. Reading gives you a unique pause button for comprehension and insight.

C. The things that challenge you the most have the most value for your brain.

D. Physicians work for us, and when it comes to our bodies, we are the boss.

E. Parent-teacher organizations are great places to develop relationships with other people.

F. Open communication can help the physician make sound decisions regarding our health.

G. Our society is developing quickly, leaving us with little time to relax and process our environment.

第二部分　语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节  完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The challenge: Sail 30,000 miles around the globe, non-stop, alone. What could go wrong?

Susie Goodall    21    it this week. She was a(n)    22    in the Golden Globe Race which sends sailors from the coast of France around the earth. Goodall was 2,000 miles off South America when her boat was like a    23    man in a heavy storm and a broken bar knocked her    24    unconscious. She then activated the    25   system and a series of troubling    26   , which recorded her happenings during the journey, were    27    to her Twitter account.

Chile's Maritime Center received her    28    and soon ordered a cargo(货) ship to change its    29    to rescue Goodall. Meanwhile, all Goodall could do was wait—trying to keep her boat    30    in the waving South Pacific and pumping out water that was    31    into the damaged cabin(船舱).

When the Chilean ship finally    32    Goodall, employing a small boat to save her seemed    33    because up to13 feet waves, rocking both ships, would    34    the boat at any time.    35   , crew members on board    36    a long thick rope from the ship, and pulled Goodall from her boat to safety. As luck would have it, the chosen method    37   .

Goodall arrived at the Chilean port without any delay. On her Facebook, Goodall wrote: "They were the hardest and    38    days I’ve ever had. Actually, all I had wanted was a(n)    39    from my busy daily life. But out there in the sea, half the world from home, I might as well    40    home instead of taking the break."

21. A. made up for B. gave up on C. dropped out of D. found out about

22. A. accountant B. participant C. instructor D. organizer

23. A. homeless B. drunken C. dead D. happy

24. A. permanently B. completely C. briefly D. seriously

25. A. emergency B. operating C. heating D. insurance

26. A. updates B. questions C. fantasies D. thoughts

27. A. attached B. offered C. posted D. restricted

28. A. call B. warning C. signal D. reply

29. A. system B. course C. subject D. policy

30. A. dry B. tidy C. still D. steady

31. A. leaking B. disappearing C. floating D. dropping

32. A. rescued B. abandoned C. passed D. reached

33. A. obvious B. appropriate C. impossible D. inconvenient

34. A. swallow B. miss C. hit D. push

35. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Otherwise

36. A. lowered B. lifted C. anchored D. produced

37. A. failed B. worked C. developed D. remained

38. A. busiest B. biggest C. greatest D. longest

39. A. answer B. break C. message D. challenge

40. A. drive B. ride C. walk D. sail

第二节（共10小题；每小题l5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In August, cases of a mysterious severe lung disease rocked the health society, 41.  doctors looking for the cause of the illness. They found the link between vaping and lung disease. Now, there are 805 lung injury cases reported across 46 states in the United States. There had been twelve 42. (death) reported, and all cases reported a history of e-cigarette use.

E-cigarette use poses a significant and avoidable health risk to young people in the United States. Besides increasing the 43. (possible) of addiction and long-term harm to brain development and respiratory health, e-cigarette use 44. (associate) with the use of other tobacco products that can do even 45. (great) damage to the body. Even breathing in e-cigarette smoke that someone else has breathed out 46. (carry) health risks.

It is important to prevent harm to youth and young adults from e-cigarettes. Everyone has 47.  role, including parents, health care providers, teachers, and those 48.    work with and care about young people. A visit to a health care professional is a great chance 49. (educate) your child on the potential risks of e-cigarette use. Ask your provider to discuss these health risks, including nicotine addiction and the impact of nicotine on the 50. (develop) brain, etc.

第三部分  写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节  短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

On the 70th anniversary of our motherland, my classmates and I shoot a video to celebrate it. The video was consisted of solo performances. I was one of the solo singer, and I had practiced hard for it. Two girls designed the dance to enrich the video. Beside, our English teacher joined us, provided us with lots of help. The video’s success was true a team effort. Everyone taking part learned a great deal from it and determined work harder. Our country’s rapid development makes it possible of us to grow up with good living conditions. We will take on the responsibilities of contributing to your country.

第二节  书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华。一支英国中学生足球队应邀来你校进行一场友谊比赛。请给你校外教Peter写封邮件，邀请他观看比赛。内容包括：

1. 比赛时间、地点；

2. 赛后活动。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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参考答案

1. C2. B3. B

4. B5. A6. A7. A

8. A9. B10. D11. A

12. C13. B14. D15. B

16. C17. A18. E19. D20. G

21. D22. B23. B24. C25. A26. A27. C28. C29. B30. D

31. A32. D33. C34. A35. C36. A37. B38. D39. B40. D

41. with  42. deaths  43. possibility  44. is associated  45. greater 

46. carries  47. a  48. who  49. to educate  50. developing 

【范文】

Dear Peter,

I’m honored to tell you that a football team from a UK middle school will come to our school. We’re expecting you to enjoy their wonderful performance with us.

The team, consisting of 15 members in total, is scheduled to arrive at 3 o’clock next Monday afternoon. A brief welcome ceremony will be held, followed by a match between this visiting team and our school football team on the playground. The match will begin at 3:30 pm. After the match, both teams will gather at the Lecture Hall, where these British friends are ready to talk about their school life and answer questions from us students.

Looking forward to your presence.

Yours,

Li Hua