2022喀什地区莎车县一中高一上学期期中考试英语试题含解析

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莎车县第一中学2021-2022学年度第一学期期中考试
高一英语试题
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Listed below are some of the classic local hiking challenges. Most of these hikes are along the Long Trail (路径),the oldest long-distance hiking trail in the United States: initiated in 1910.
SUNSET LEDGE 2924’ 2.2 MILES
Perfect for kids.Popular! Park at the lop of Lincoln Gap and head south on the long Trail. Views over Addison County to Lake Champlain and the Adirondack range. About an hour round trip, plus the time you spend enjoying the view.
GENERAL STARK 3662' 3.2 MIlES
A local's favorite with fantastic views.Start from the App Gap and head South on the long Trail up steep Stark's Wall all and follow the Long Trail to the Stark's Nest Shelter at the top of the Single Chair. Or start from the Mad River Glen ski area and hike the service roads up to the same spot. About 3 hours round trip.
CAMEL'S HUMP 4080' 7.4 MILES
This most challenging 7.4 miles round trip hike takes you above the trees to Vermont's highest undeveloped peak. Spectacular views and an unparalleled feeling of accomplishment. Budget 5 hours. About a 40 minutes drive from the Mad River Valley to railhead either in Duxbury or in Huntington.
MT.ABRAHAM 4000' 5.2 MILES
This is a 4-hour hike if you are a normal human being and the views are spectacular. Mt.Abr is one of Vermont's 5 peaks over 4000’, with 360° panoramic views. Part of the Monroe Skyline Park at Lincoln Gap and head North on the Long Trail. If you hike in the summer, hike down Upper Jester and ride the Super Bravo chair to Sugarbush base area.
TO ENSURE A GREAT HIKE
These hikes are challenging: do not underestimate the journey. Be prepared. Always bring a good, printed trail map; Map Adventures is the best (at The Tempest Bookshop or local gear shops). Trail markers are not always visible and estimated hiking time is based on fit individuals. Always wear hiking shoes, carry a backpack with more water than you think you will need, some calorie-rich foods, and a flashlight; bring an extra layer for warmth or rain. Sunscreen might be a good idea depending on the season.
1. Which trail are professional hikers most likely to go to?
A. Sunset Ledge B. General Stark
C. Camel's Hump D. Mt.Abraham
2. Before these hikes, you should__________.
A. go to a local gear shop. B. bring extra clothes in case.
C. invite a friend to go with you. D. wear more sunscreen than necessary.
3. What do these hikes have in common?
A. A Journey along the Long Trail. B. Magnificent views.
C. A more than 3 hours' trip. D. A kids-friendly trail.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了几条美国经典的徒步旅行路线。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。 CAMEL'S HUMP 4080' 7.4 MILES这一段中的This most challenging 7.4 miles round trip hike.（这是最具挑战性的7.4英里的往返远足）可知，这条路线对于徒步远足者是最具挑战性的，会欣赏到美景还有成就感，专业的徒步旅行者最可能选择这条路线。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。文章最后一段提到要确保远足顺利，应该作好准备，除了带路线相关的地图、穿登山鞋、背背包、更多的水、卡路里丰富的食物、手电筒、防晒霜外，还提到bring an extra layer for warmth or rain可知，需要带额外的外面穿的衣服以保暖或以防下雨。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。在SUNSET LEDGE 2924’ 2.2 MILES中提到Views over Addison County to Lake Champlain and the Adirondack range.（从Addison County到Lake Champlain 和 the Adirondack的景色是多样的）；在GENERAL STARK 3662' 3.2 MIlES中提到local's favorite with fantastic views（本地人最喜欢的景色）；在MT. ABRAHAM 4000' 5.2 MILES中提到
the views are spectacular（风景是壮观的），可以看出这些线路的共同特点是风景优美。故选B项。
B
On November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one-kilometer swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica. He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and speedos!
Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystem with their large diversity of marine life. When asked why he doesn’t wear a wetsuit, Lewis says, “I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I’m asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”
It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one-kilometer swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius . He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.
Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters. Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body. Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.
This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions. In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica’s Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.
4. Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit?
A. To swim faster. B. To show his bravery.
C. To build up his body. D. To win public attention.
5. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. His body. B. The water.
C. His body temperature. D. The water temperature.
6. What’s Pugh’s advice about swimming in freezing waters?
A. One must be fully prepared.
B. One should be expert at swimming.
C. One should be ready to take on challenges.
D. One must be used to long-distance swimming.
7. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Lewis Pugh: swimming for a cause
B. How to survive a swim in cold waters
C. How to prepare for extreme swimming
D. Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lewis Pugh为了呼吁政府采取措施保护海洋而在南极海洋水温很低的情况下，不穿防寒泳衣游泳的勇敢事迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I’m asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.可知，他不穿防寒泳衣的原因是展示他的勇敢，故选B。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。此题要结合上文语境He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before可知他在冰水里游泳身体只能忍受20分钟，下文中提到他游泳时体温在慢慢下降，肌肉控制力也在下降，可推测出此处的it指的是his body，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.可知，一个人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必须得训练很长时间才可以，即要做足准备工作才行，故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是Pugh为保护海洋而在极寒的水里游泳，他用行动去展示他保护海洋的决心和勇气，由此可知A项是最佳标题。
C
Empathy (同理心) is one of those strange qualities — something almost everyone wants, but few know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.
What Is Empathy? — Many people confuse sympathy and empathy, but they are two distinct values. Empathy is not just the ability to understand someone's feelings; criminals often take advantage of people by appearing to understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust. Empathy is more than that. Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness, dignity, and understanding.
Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy — While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them. It begins with the way parents relate to their children. Parents who show an interest in the things that matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of empathy.
Meet Emotional Needs — When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive. An empty jug cannot fill a cup.
It's a good idea to talk to kids about emotions and how other people experience them. Give their emotions names (for example, jealousy, anger, and love) and teach them that these are normal. Talk to them about how to handle emotions in a positive way and point out situations where other people are experiencing emotions. Teach them about respecting the emotions of others and show them how to act in a situation where a response is required.
8. Why is it that the next generation are taught to have empathy?
A. Because people tend to center themselves. B. Because everyone lacks empathy.
C. Because empathy is a strange quality. D. Because it's better to give than to receive.
9. Which situation can empathy be used in?
A. When a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland.
B. When a teacher is comforting a student about his failure in exams.
C. When a criminal is cheating a victim.
D When a dancer is dancing to music.
10. What does the underlined sentence "An empty jug cannot fill a cup" mean?
A. An empty jug is too small to hold a cup.
B. It's a must to talk to kids about emotions.
C. Adults should set an example to kids.
D. Kids give empathy with their emotional needs met first.
11. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. How to train kids to have empathy.
B How to distinguish sympathy and empathy.
C. How to help kids finish empathy-related tasks.
D. Whether kids can be trained to be more empathetic.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了同理心——这个当今世界稀缺的品质，对我们情感生活的重大意义，进而给出培养下一代的同理心的建议。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章首段“Empathy (同理心) is one of those strange qualities — something almost everyone wants, but few know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. (同理心是最奇怪的品质之一——每个人都想拥有，但是很少有人知道如何真正给予或者接受它。在如今这个强调自我满足的世界，它是稀缺的，但同时人们对它的需求却是很大)”可知，我们要教会下一代拥有同理心的原因，是因为如今世界的人们往往过于强调自我。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness, dignity, and understanding. (它不仅仅是能够察觉其他人感受的能力，更需要我们重视、尊重另一个人的感受。这意味着以善意、理解对待他人，且让他有尊严)”可知，同理心意味着察觉且尊重他人的感受，并善意地让他们感到有尊严和被爱。由此推知，老师对考试失利的学生进行宽慰，是能够理解他们失落的情绪，别善意地理解他们的感受。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive. (孩子们的情感需求得到满足时，会发生两件事。他们会学习如何满足他人的情感需求，这基于他们接受的关怀。也意味着他们有足够的安全感，能够满足他人情感需求。当然首先他们的需求要得到满足)”可知，孩子们只有自身的情感需求得到满足，才能有余力、更好地给予他人关怀，满足其他人的情感需求。由此推知，划线部分句子的意思与“自身情感需求首先得到满足”意思接近。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them. (这就是我们为什么要教会下一代拥有对周围人们的同理心是什么意思的原因)”和第三段“Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy (成人们需要为孩子们言传身教，以行为告诉他们何为同理心)”和最后一段“Teach them about respecting the emotions of others and show them how to act in a situation where a response is required. (教给孩子们尊重他人的感受，照顾他们的情绪，并且告诉他们如何在需要做出回应的场合正确行为)”可知，全文先肯定了同理心对我们情感生活的意义，并阐述如何培养孩子的同理心。故选A项。
D
Most squirrels don’t hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.
To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.
Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.
Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.
This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病) or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood concentration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.
12. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?
A. They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels.
B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.
C. They can live for months without water during hibernation.
D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.
13. The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their___________.
A. high blood concentration B. low blood concentration
C. low body temperature D. high heart rate
14. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_____________.
A. Drinking much water before hibernation
B. Not eating anything during hibernation
C. Drinking less water than they normally do
D. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere
15. What is the author’s attitude towards the new findings?
A. Objective B. Positive
C. Disappointing D. Uncaring
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种冬眠的松鼠，地松鼠。它以将电解质从血液中换到其他地方储存的方式来降低血液浓度，而这项发明可能用于治疗糖尿病等人类疾病。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all可知，地松鼠可以多达8个月不吃不喝。即地松鼠冬眠时可以数个月不喝水。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty可知血液浓度高促使动物包括人类感到口渴，由此可以推断出冬眠的松鼠不口渴是因为血液浓度低。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body可知，化学测试表明松鼠调节血液浓度是通过将电解质转移至身体其他部位储存的方式进行的，即移走某种特定的物质即电解质，并储存到其他地方。故选D。
【15题详解】
观点态度题。由最后一段可知这项发现可以用来治疗糖尿病或者帮助长时间在太空站的宇航员，有实际运用的价值，即作者对此持积极态度。故选B。
【点睛】科技型说明人题型考查学生两个方面的能力：第一、把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系．第二、把握微观信息间关联性，即空格前后句间关系。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Things to Keep Your Brain Sharp and Healthy Later in Life
These behaviors and activities are proven to help keep your brain young.
Keep learning new things.
Learning new information and skills throughout your entire life helps to keep your brain strong even in the later years of life. Activities that have the highest value for brain health are novel and complex to each particular person. What is easy for one person may be challenging for another. ___16___
Exercise regularly.
Exercise can improve our energy levels, sense of well-being, sleep, and brain health. ___17___Identifying why we do not exercise permits us to systematically break down our barriers, and to slowly change our behaviors towards a healthy lifestyle.
Socialize and have fun!
Friends provide opportunities to enable the sharing of experiences, new learning, challenge, emotions, trust, and understanding. Friendship also provides the necessary motivation towards activity and involvement. Engaging in new pursuits with friends often helps develop new life roles, which provide us with an opportunity to feel appreciated, enjoy life, laugh, and have fun. ___18___
Be health conscious.
It is important for us to take control of our health and understand that we are in charge of managing of our bodies. ___19___ Once we establish our own role in the management of our health, the importance of a close and trusting relationship with our physician becomes apparent.
Slow down and appreciate the silence.
___20___Our brains require time to process information more deeply, in order to gain more benefit from our daily experiences. A fast-paced lifestyle can cause chronic stress and have other negative effects on our health and well-being. Reducing demands we place on ourselves is an important step towards stress reduction, and a more fulfilling life.
Studies have shown a relationship between spirituality and the immune system. As we continually learn more about the potential of positive thoughts to influence health, people are beginning to integrate these practices more frequently into their daily lives, and experiencing life-changing results.
A. Engaging in it regularly also reduces the risk of depression and anxiety.
B. Reading gives you a unique pause button for comprehension and insight.
C. The things that challenge you the most have the most value for your brain.
D. Physicians work for us, and when it comes to our bodies, we are the boss.
E. Parent-teacher organizations are great places to develop relationships with other people.
F. Open communication can help the physician make sound decisions regarding our health.
G. Our society is developing quickly, leaving us with little time to relax and process our environment.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. E 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。本文主要告诉我们如何在以后的生活中保持头脑敏锐和健康。
【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“Activities that have the highest value for brain health are novel and complex to each particular person” 对大脑健康价值最高的活动对每个人来说都是新奇而复杂的。分析选项可知，C项（The things that challenge you the most have the most value for your brain最能挑战你的东西对你的大脑最有价值）。C项中的（the highest value for brain health）“对大脑最有价值”与空前的“the highest value for brain health”是同义词转换。C项中的“challenge you the most（最挑战你的）”与文章中的“novel and complex to each particular person（新奇而复杂的）”也是同义转换。而且在意义C项是与本段的意义一致。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心句“Exercise regularly（经常锻炼）”。分析选项可知A项（Engaging in it regularly also reduces the risk of depression and anxiety.）中的词Engaging in it regularly与Exercise regularly是一致的。再根据空前的“Exercise can improve our energy levels, sense of well-being, sleep, and brain health.” 运动可以提高我们的精力、幸福感、睡眠和大脑健康。可知A项（Engaging in it regularly also reduces the risk of depression and anxiety经常运动也会降低抑郁和焦虑的风险）中的“aslo”是递进关系，说明A项进一步说明经常锻炼的好处。由此可推断出A项符合题意，故选A。
【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心句“Socialize and have fun（社交和娱乐）”本段主要叙述了朋友间关系（即人际关系中的一种）的好处：朋友间可分享经验、学习新知识、新挑战、情感、信任和理解的机会。友谊也为人们的活动和参与提供了必要的动力。朋友间可感受被欣赏、享受生活、欢笑和享受乐趣。朋友间关系也是人际关系（relationships with other people.）中的一种。由此可知，要搞好人际关系。分析选项可知E项（Parent-teacher organizations are great places to develop relationships with other people）即“家长——教师组织是与他人发展关系的好地方”在意义上是一致的，故选E。
【19题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心句为“Be health conscious（注重健康）”。本段叙述对我们来说健康很重要。我们要对自己的健康负责。分析选项可知D项（Physicians work for us, and when it comes to our bodies, we are the boss医生为我们工作，说到我们的身体，我们要做我们身体的主人）中的when it comes to our bodies, we are the boss 即是说我们要做我们身体的主人（we are the boss），即对应文中的“我们要对自己的健康负责（we are in charge of managing of our bodies）”。本段中的“physician”也在D项中复现。综合分析可知D项与本段意义一致，且有词的复现，D项符合题意，故选D。
【20题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心句“Slow down and appreciate the silence（放慢脚步，欣赏寂静）” 本段说我们的快节奏的生活方式（A fast-paced lifestyle）让我们没有时间来放松，导致我们有压力，对我们的健康和幸福有影响。分析选项可知G项（Our society is developing quickly, leaving us with little time to relax and process our environment.）“我们的社会发展很快，我们几乎没有时间来放松和处理我们周围的环境。”与本段“快节奏的生活让我们无法放松意义”一致。且G项中的A fast-paced lifestyle即是说明我们有“快节奏的生活a fast-paced lifestyle”。G项符合题意，故选G。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第4小题，本段的中心句为“Be health conscious（注重健康）”。本段叙述对我们来说健康很重要。我们要对自己的健康负责。分析选项可知D项（Physicians work for us, and when it comes to our bodies, we are the boss）中的when it comes to our bodies, we are the boss 即是说我们要做我们身体的主人（we are the boss），即对应文中的“我们要对自己的健康负责（we are in charge of managing of our bodies）”。本段中的“physician”也在D项中复现。综合分析可知D项与本段意义一致，且有词的复现，D项符合题意，故选D。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however ，以及递进并列词also等。如第2小题，本段的中心句“Exercise regularly（经常锻炼）”。分析选项可知A项（Engaging in it regularly also reduces the risk of depression and anxiety.）中有词Engaging in it regularly与Exercise regularly是一致的。再根据空前的“Exercise can improve our energy levels, sense of well-being, sleep, and brain health.” 运动可以提高我们的精神、幸福感、睡眠和大脑健康。可知A项（Engaging in it regularly also reduces the risk of depression and anxiety.经常运动也会降低抑郁和焦虑的风险）中的“aslo”是递进关系，说明A项进一步说明经常锻炼的好处。由此可推断出A项符合题意，故选A。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
第二部分　语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The challenge: Sail 30,000 miles around the globe, non-stop, alone. What could go wrong?
Susie Goodall ___21___ it this week. She was a(n) ___22___ in the Golden Globe Race which sends sailors from the coast of France around the earth. Goodall was 2,000 miles off South America when her boat was like a ___23___ man in a heavy storm and a broken bar knocked her ___24___ unconscious. She then activated the ___25___system and a series of troubling ___26___, which recorded her happenings during the journey, were ___27___ to her Twitter account.
Chile's Maritime Center received her ___28___ and soon ordered a cargo(货) ship to change its ___29___ to rescue Goodall. Meanwhile, all Goodall could do was wait—trying to keep her boat ___30___ in the waving South Pacific and pumping out water that was ___31___ into the damaged cabin(船舱).
When the Chilean ship finally ___32___ Goodall, employing a small boat to save her seemed ___33___ because up to13 feet waves, rocking both ships, would ___34___ the boat at any time. ___35___, crew members on board ___36___ a long thick rope from the ship, and pulled Goodall from her boat to safety. As luck would have it, the chosen method ___37___.
Goodall arrived at the Chilean port without any delay. On her Facebook, Goodall wrote: "They were the hardest and ___38___ days I’ve ever had. Actually, all I had wanted was a(n) ___39___ from my busy daily life. But out there in the sea, half the world from home, I might as well ___40___ home instead of taking the break."
21. A. made up for B. gave up on C. dropped out of D. found out about
22. A. accountant B. participant C. instructor D. organizer
23. A. homeless B. drunken C. dead D. happy
24. A. permanently B. completely C. briefly D. seriously
25. A. emergency B. operating C. heating D. insurance
26. A. updates B. questions C. fantasies D. thoughts
27. A. attached B. offered C. posted D. restricted
28. A. call B. warning C. signal D. reply
29. A. system B. course C. subject D. policy
30. A. dry B. tidy C. still D. steady
31. A. leaking B. disappearing C. floating D. dropping
32. A. rescued B. abandoned C. passed D. reached
33. A. obvious B. appropriate C. impossible D. inconvenient
34. A. swallow B. miss C. hit D. push
35. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Otherwise
36. A. lowered B. lifted C. anchored D. produced
37. A. failed B. worked C. developed D. remained
38. A. busiest B. biggest C. greatest D. longest
39. A. answer B. break C. message D. challenge
40. A. drive B. ride C. walk D. sail
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Susie Goodall参加金球奖比赛绕地球一圈，在途中遇险，通过在Twitter上发帖的方式求助，最终被赶到的智利船只营救，抵达智利港口的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Susie Goodall 这周亲自弄清楚了。A. made up for补偿；B. gave up on放弃；C. dropped out of退学；D. found out about找出；打听清楚。结合下文Susie Goodall的经历可知，Susie Goodall用亲生经历弄清楚了海上航行也有出错的可能。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是金球奖比赛的参与者，金球奖比赛是一个让从法国海岸出发的水手绕行地球一圈的比赛。A. accountant会计师；B. participant参与者；C. instructor指导者；D. organizer组织者。结合后文in the Golden Globe Race是一个比赛，故Susie Goodall是一个比赛参与者。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时她的船就像一场暴风雨中的醉汉。A. homeless无家可归的；B. drunken喝醉的；C. dead死的；D. happy快乐的。根据常识，在海上船就像喝醉酒的醉汉，左右摇晃。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一根断了的铁条把她暂时打昏了过去。A. permanently永久地；B. completely完全地；C. briefly暂时地；D. seriously严肃地。结合后文She then activated可知只是暂时打昏了，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她启动了应急系统，一系列令人不安的更新，记录了她在旅途中发生的事情，被张贴到她的Twitter帐户。A. emergency紧急情况；B. operating操作；C. heating加热；D. insurance保险。结合上文被铁条打晕可知是启动了应急系统，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她启动了应急系统，一系列令人不安的更新，记录了她在旅途中发生的事情，被张贴到她的Twitter帐户。A. updates更新；B. questions问题；C. fantasies幻想；D. thoughts想法。结合后文which recorded her happenings during the journey可知是一系列记录旅程中发生事情的更新，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她启动了应急系统，一系列令人不安的更新，记录了她在旅途中发生的事情，被张贴到她的Twitter帐户。A. attached附上；B. offered提供；C. posted张贴；发帖；D. restricted限制。结合后文to her Twitter account可知是将这些更新发送张贴到Twitter上。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：智利海事中心收到了她的信号，很快命令一艘货船改变航线去营救Goodall 。A. call电话；B. warning警告；C. signal信号；D. reply回答。结合后文soon ordered a cargo ship可知智利海事中心收到了她的信号，其他选项不符合语境。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：智利海事中心收到了她的信号，很快命令一艘货船改变航线去营救Goodall。A. system系统；B. course航向；C. subject主题；D. policy政策。结合上文soon ordered a cargo ship to change its可知是命令一艘货船改变航线去营救Goodall。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Goodall所能做的就是等待——努力使她的船在南太平洋的波浪中保持稳定，并把漏进受损船舱的水抽出来。A. dry干的；B. tidy整洁的；C. still静止的；D. steady稳定的。结合上文提到船在海上像个醉汉，可知此处Goodall努力使船只在波浪中保持平稳。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Goodall所能做就是等待——努力使她的船在南太平洋的波浪中保持稳定，并把漏进受损船舱的水抽出来。A. leaking泄露；B. disappearing消失；C. floating漂浮；D. dropping落下。结合上文pumping out water可知把漏进受损船舱的水抽出来。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这艘智利船终于抵达Goodall的位置时，动用一艘小船来救她似乎是不可能的，因为高达13英尺的海浪，摇晃着两艘船，随时会把船吞没。A. rescued营救；B. abandoned抛弃；C. passed通过；D. reached到达。结合上文When the Chilean ship finally可知营救船终于到达了Goodall的位置。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这艘智利船最终抵达Goodall位置时，动用一艘小船来救她似乎是不可能的，因为高达13英尺的海浪，摇晃着两艘船，随时会把船吞没。A. obvious明显的；B. appropriate合适的；C. impossible不可能的；D. inconvenient方便的。结合后文because up to13 feet waves, rocking both ships可知海浪高达13英尺，故动用一艘小船来救她似乎是不可能的。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这艘智利船最终抵达Goodall位置时，动用一艘小船来救她似乎是不可能的，因为高达13英尺的海浪，摇晃着两艘船，随时会把船吞没。A. swallow吞下；B. miss错过；C. hit打击；D. push推。结合上文描述海浪高达13英尺，可知海浪随时会把船只吞没。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：相反，船上的船员从船上放下一根又长又粗的绳子，把Goodall从船上拉到安全的地方。A. Besides而且；B. However然而；C. Instead相反；D. Otherwise否则。结合上文发现用小船救Goodall不太可能，于是相反他们采用从船上放下绳子的办法。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，船上的船员从船上垂下一根又长又粗的绳子，把Goodall从船上拉到安全的地方。A. lowered降低；垂下；B. lifted举起；C. anchored固定；D. produced生产。根据下文a long thick rope from the ship可知是从船上放下绳子。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，选择的方法奏效了。A. failed失败；B. worked奏效；起作用；C. developed发展；D. remained保持。结合上文luck可知方法起作用了。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我经历过的最艰难、最漫长的日子。A. busiest最忙的；B. biggest最大的；C. greatest最好的；D. longest最长的。Goodall因为在海上遇险所以觉得是经历过最艰难和漫长的日子，故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我想要的只是从繁忙的日常生活中休息一下。A. answer答案；B. break休息；C. message消息；D. challenge挑战。结合后文from my busy daily life可知想要的只是从繁忙的日常生活中休息一下。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在大海里，在离家半个地球的地方，我宁愿航行回家，也不愿休息。A. drive驾驶；B. ride骑；C. walk步行；D. sail航行。结合上文提到在海里，因此是航行回家。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题l5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In August, cases of a mysterious severe lung disease rocked the health society, _____41_____ doctors looking for the cause of the illness. They found the link between vaping and lung disease. Now, there are 805 lung injury cases reported across 46 states in the United States. There had been twelve ____42____(death) reported, and all cases reported a history of e-cigarette use.
E-cigarette use poses a significant and avoidable health risk to young people in the United States. Besides increasing the ____43____(possible) of addiction and long-term harm to brain development and respiratory health, e-cigarette use ____44____(associate) with the use of other tobacco products that can do even ____45____(great) damage to the body. Even breathing in e-cigarette smoke that someone else has breathed out ____46____(carry) health risks.
It is important to prevent harm to youth and young adults from e-cigarettes. Everyone has ____47____ role, including parents, health care providers, teachers, and those ___48___ work with and care about young people. A visit to a health care professional is a great chance ____49____(educate) your child on the potential risks of e-cigarette use. Ask your provider to discuss these health risks, including nicotine addiction and the impact of nicotine on the ___50___(develop) brain, etc.
【答案】41. with
42. deaths 43. possibility
44. is associated
45. greater
46 carries
47. a 48. who
49. to educate
50. developing
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子烟对人体的伤害，并且说明了为防止电子烟对青少年造成伤害，人们应该注意什么。
【41题详解】
考查with的复合结构。句意：今年8月，一种神秘的严重肺部疾病的病例震惊了健康社会，医生们正在寻找病因。空白处后面是宾语+doing的结构，所以此处应该是with，构成with+宾语+doing的复合结构，在句中做状语。故填with。
【42题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：报告了12例死亡，所有病例都报告了电子烟使用史。因为是12例死亡，所以应该用复数形式。故填deaths。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外……，空白处前面是the，后面是of addiction，所以此处需要一个名词。需将possible变为名词形式。故填possibility.
【44题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外，电子烟的使用还与其他烟草产品的使用有关……。此句子的主语是“e-cigarette use”，空白处需要动词的谓语形式，associate需用被动语态，构成A be associated with B的结构，意为A何B有关，结合主语性质用单数，结合上下文时态用一般现在时，故填is associated。
【45题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：……这些烟草产品对身体造成更大的损害。Even后面形容词需要用比较级。故填greater。
【46题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：即使吸入别人呼出的电子烟也会带来健康风险。此句主语“breathing in……”为动名词形式，smoke后是由that引导的定语从句，空白处缺失谓语动词，动名词做主语谓语动词用单数，又因为时态用一般现在时，故填carries。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：每个人都有自己的角色，包括父母、卫生保健提供者、教师，以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。空白处后面的role角色是泛指。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查定语从句关系代词。句意：以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。先行词是those，指代人，并且从句中缺少主语。故填who。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：访问卫生保健专业人员是一个很好的去教育您的孩子有关电子香烟使用的潜在风险的机会。此句是系表结构，表语chance后面是后置定语，需用动词的非谓语形式，又因为此处的“去教育您的孩子有关电子香烟使用的潜在风险的机会”是表示目的，故填to educate。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：和你的供应商讨论这些健康风险，包括尼古丁成瘾和尼古丁对发育中的大脑影响等。空白处是一个定语修饰brain。又因为前文说到是孩子，是正在发育的大脑。故填developing。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
On the 70th anniversary of our motherland, my classmates and I shoot a video to celebrate it. The video was consisted of solo performances. I was one of the solo singer, and I had practiced hard for it. Two girls designed the dance to enrich the video. Beside, our English teacher joined us, provided us with lots of help. The video’s success was true a team effort. Everyone taking part learned a great deal from it and determined work harder. Our country’s rapid development makes it possible of us to grow up with good living conditions. We will take on the responsibilities of contributing to your country.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者和同学为祖国70华诞制作短片的故事。
【详解】1．考查动词。shoot在句子中是谓语，根据时间状语可知用一般过去时。故将shoot改为shot。
2．考查动词。consist of 是不及物动词，没有被动。故去掉was。
3．考查名词的数。one of 后接名词复数，故将singer改为singers。
4．考查冠词。此处dance为泛指。故将the改为a。
5．考查副词。beside意为在…旁边，此处应为除…以外，故将beside改为besides。
6．考查非谓语动词。provide 与逻辑主语English teacher之间为主动关系，应该用现在分词。故将provided改为providing。
7．考查副词。此句不是be 后面用形容词，而是表示真地，副词。故将true改为truly。
8．考查固定搭配。determine to do sth。故在work 前面加to。
9．考查介词。adj+for\of+sb+to do，用of 时adj 是修饰人的，故将of改为for。
10．考查代词。句意应该是我们为我们的国家做贡献。故将your改为our。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华。一支英国中学生足球队应邀来你校进行一场友谊比赛。请给你校外教Peter写封邮件，邀请他观看比赛。内容包括：
1. 比赛时间、地点；
2. 赛后活动。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m honored to tell you that a football team from a UK middle school will come to our school. We’re expecting you to enjoy their wonderful performance with us.
The team, consisting of 15 members in total, is scheduled to arrive at 3 o'clock next Monday afternoon. A brief welcome ceremony will be held, followed by a match between this visiting team and our school football team on the playground. The match will begin at 3:30 pm. After the match, both teams will gather at the Lecture Hall, where these British friends are ready to talk about their school life and answer questions from us students.
Looking forward to your presence.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，邀请外教观看友谊比赛并告知相关事宜。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：三段式结构。第一段表明目的；第二段阐述具体情况；第三段寒暄结束。并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.写信背景；写信目的（a football team from a UK middle school；expect you to enjoy their wonderful performance with us）
2.相关情况介绍
1）到达时间。（be scheduled to; 3 o’clock）
2）行程安排。（welcome ceremony ; a match; talk about their school life and answer questions from us students）
3.期待到来
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be honored to; consist of; be scheduled to; welcome ceremony; followed by; be ready to do; look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. I’m honored to tell you that a football team from a UK middle school will come to our school.
2. The team, consisting of 15 members in total, is scheduled to arrive at 3 o’clock next Monday afternoon.
3. A brief welcome ceremony will be held, followed by a match between this visiting team and our school football team on the playground.
4. These British friends are ready to talk about their school life and answer questions from us students
5. Looking forward to your presence.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：
1) I’m honored to tell you that a football team from a UK middle school will come to our school.
句中that a football team from a UK middle school will come to our school 为宾语从句
2）After the match, both teams will gather at the Lecture Hall, where these British friends are ready to talk about their school life and answer questions from us students.
句中where these British friends are ready to talk about their school life and answer questions from us students为非限制性定语从句。
范文同时应用了非谓语结构。如：
1）The team, consisting of 15 members in total, is scheduled to arrive at 3 o’clock next Monday afternoon
句中consisting of 15 members in total为现在分词作后置定语；
2）A brief welcome ceremony will be held, followed by a match between this visiting team and our school football team on the playground.
句中followed by a match between this visiting team and our school football team on the playground为过去分词作伴随状语。
全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。