（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习必修5Unit5Firstaid学案（教师版）

这是一份（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习必修5Unit5Firstaid学案（教师版），共20页。学案主要包含了句型公式，教材原句，词块必记，语境速测，典型例句，备选要点，巧学助记，知识拓展等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. aidn. & vt. 帮助; 援助; 资助
2. mildadj. 轻微的; 温和的; 温柔的
3. tightadj. 牢的; 紧的; 紧密的
4. firmadj. (动作)稳定有力的; 坚定的
5. ceremnyn. 典礼; 仪式; 礼节
6. swellvi. &vt. (使)膨胀; 隆起
7. tempraryadj. 暂时的; 临时的
8. vitaladj. 至关重要的; 生死攸关的
9. symptmn. 症状; 征兆
10. pressure n. 压力; 挤压; 压迫(感)
11. squeezevt. &vi. 榨; 挤; 压榨
12. purvt. &vi. 倒; 灌; 注; 涌
13. cmplex adj. 复杂的
14. unbearable adj. 难以忍受的; 不能容忍的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. injury n. 损伤; 伤害→ injure vt. 伤害
2. bleed (vi. & vt. )流血→ bleeding n. 流血→bld n. 血
3. pisn n. 毒药; 毒害 vt. 毒害; 使中毒→ pisnus adj. 有毒的
4. variety n. 变化; 多样(化); 多变(性)→ varius adj. 各种各样的→ vary v. 变化
5. bravery n. 勇敢; 勇气→brave adj. 勇敢的
6. treat vt. & vi. 治疗; 对待; 款待 n. 款待; 招待→treatment n. 治疗
7. apply vt. 涂; 敷; 搽; 应用; 运用 vi. 申请; 请求; 使用; 有效→applied adj. 实用的, 应用的→applicatin n. 申请→applicant n. 申请人
8. pressure n. 压力; 挤压; 压迫(感)→press v. 压; 按
9. swell vi. &vt. (使)膨胀; 隆起→ swllen adj. 肿胀的
10. mild adj. 轻微的; 温和的; 温柔的→mildly adv. 轻微地; 温和地
核心短语·闪记
1. fall ill生病
2. electric shck触电; 电休克
3. squeeze ut榨出; 挤出
4. ver and ver again反复; 多次
5. in place在适当的位置; 适当
6. a number f 若干; 许多
7. put ne’s hands n找到
8. first aid急救
9. make a difference 起(重要)作用; 有影响; 区别对待
10. get burned 烧伤
经典句式·速记
1. 【句型公式】: be ding sth. when 正在做某事的时候, 突然……
Jhn was studying(正在学习) in his rm when(这时) he heard screaming.
2. 【句型公式】: if necessary是if it is necessary的省略形式; unless是连词, 意为“除非; 如果不”。
Remve clthing using scissrs if necessary(如果有必要) unless(除非) it is stuck t the burn.
3. 【句型公式】: There’s n dubt that. . . “……毫无疑问”
There is n dubt that(毫无疑问) Jhn’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at schl saved Ms Slade’s life.
1. 以-ure结尾的高频小词小结
① signature签名
② expsure暴露; 揭发
③ pleasure乐事, 快乐
④ mixture 混合
⑤ failure 失败
2. 与first aid相关的高频词汇集锦
① injury n. 损伤, 伤害
② bleed vt. &vi. 放血, 流血
③ chke vt. &vi. (使)噎住; (使)窒息
④ pisnn. &vt. 毒药; 使中毒
⑤ treat v. 治疗
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
As we all knw, having a knwledge f first aid can make a difference in ur daily life. If a traffic accident happens and smene is injured, the fllwing steps can be used t treat the injured. In the first place, we shuld make sure that the accident scene is safe s that we wn’t get hurt. We shuld ask the injured persn if he is OK, and see if he is breathing. What’s mre, we shuld check fr cuts and wunds. Fr a simple cut, it is nly necessary t wash the area f the cut, dry it and cver it with a piece f dry clean clth. If he is bleeding badly, it is vital that we shuld try t stp the bleeding by applying pressure t the injury. This is because if a persn lses t much bld, he may die. If necessary, take the injured persn t the hspital as sn as pssible. D remember: when giving first aid, please be sure t place the persn in a recvery psitin.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与“急救”相关的单词和短语。
first aid; injured; treat; get hurt; check fr cuts and wunds; cver; bleed; apply pressure t the injury; bld; recvery psitin
2. 需要进行急救的时候, 第一步需要确认什么?
In the first place, we shuld make sure that the accident scene is safe s that we wn’t get hurt.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. aid n. & vt. 帮助; 援助; 资助
【教材原句】
First aid is a temprary frm f help given t smene wh suddenly falls ill r gets injured befre a dctr can be fund. (P33)急救指的是在找来医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人的一种临时帮助形式。
【词块必记】
(1)d/ffer/give/perfrm/carry ut first aid t sb.
对某人进行急救
with the aid f sb. =with sb. ’s aid
在某人的帮助下
in aid f为了援助
(2)aid sb. in sth. /ding sth. 在某方面帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb. t d sth. 帮助某人做某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I aid the pr girl in cntinuing (cntinue) her study.
②They were accused f aiding him t escape(escape).
③With the aid f ur English teacher, we have made great prgress this term.
④Father Ple walked painfully, with the aid(aid) f a stick.
一句多译
上大学期间我帮助他做研究。
⑤I aided him t d his research while I was at cllege. (aid sb. t d. . . )
⑥I aided him in ding his research while I was at cllege. (aid sb. in ding. . . )
⑦I aided him with his research while I was at cllege. (aid sb. with. . . )
2. vital adj. 至关重要的; 生死攸关的; 生气勃勃的; 必不可少的
【典型例句】
If we are t make a difference in life, it’s vital that we (shuld) begin with small things.
如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用, 重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。
【词块必记】
be vital t/fr对……是重要的
It is vital t d. . . 做……是重要的
It is vital that. . . (shuld) d. . . 重要的是……
vitally adv. 极其; 绝对
vitality n. 生命力; 活力; 热情
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Enugh sleep is vital fr/t the students’ well-being and health.
②As far as I’m cncerned, it is vital t keep (keep) accurate recrds.
③Lesley’s career in the church is vitally(vital) imprtant t her.
④Over the years, t mdernize the cmpany’s prductin structure is full f vitality(vital)and famus.
3. treat vt. &vi. 治疗; 对待; 款待 n. 款待; 招待
【教材原句】
Jhn used these t treat the mst severe injuries t Ms Slade’s hands. (P38)
约翰用这些疗法来治疗斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤。
【词块必记】
treat sb. as. . . 把某人当……看待
treat sb. with. . . 以……方式对待某人
treat sth. seriusly认真对待某事/某物
treat sb. /neself t用……款待某人/自己
It’s my treat. 我请客。
treatment n. 治疗; 处理; 待遇
under treatment在治疗中
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Plice say they’re treating it as a case f attempted murder.
②It was summer, and my dad wanted t treat me t a vacatin like never befre.
③We’ve gt t treat peple with respect and dignity.
④After years f regular treatment(treat), she finally became healthy.
⑤Treated(treat) in a prper way, the patient was likely t be saved.
翻译句子
⑥这个经理正在接受一种罕见的皮肤病的治疗。
The manager is being treated fr a rare skin disease nw.
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. make a difference区别对待; 有影响; 起(重要)作用
【教材原句】
It shws that a knwledge f first aid can make a real difference. (P38)
它表明, 急救知识真的有实际意义。
【词块必记】
(1)make a difference t 对……有作用/有影响
make sme/n/little difference (t. . . )
(对……)有些/没/几乎没作用或影响
(2)tell the difference (between. . . and. . . )
辨别/区分(……与……)
It makes n difference t sb.
对某人来说……是没有关系的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①His wrds make n difference t him, fr he is quite stubbrn.
②Des it make any/a difference whether she will cme t ur party?
③The twins are s alike; it’s difficult t tell the difference(different) between them.
完成句子
④Even if it is a small thing, it culd still make much difference t the envirnment.
即使是一件小事情, 也可以使环境大大改观。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
5. Jhn was studying in his rm when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房间里学习, 突然听到了一声尖叫。
【句型公式】
be ding. . . when. . . 正在做……, 这时突然……when在此句中为并列连词, 意为“就在这时, 恰恰在这时”, 多用于下列句型:
(1)be ding. . . when. . . 正在做……这时……
(2)be abut t d. . . when. . . 正要做……这时……
(3)had just dne. . . when. . . 刚做了……这时……
(4)be n the pint f ding. . . when. . . 正要做……这时……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
① We were discussing(discuss) the prblem when there was a pwer failure.
②He was abut t g ut when the telephne rang.
完成句子
③She had just finished her hmewrk when her mther asked her t practise playing the pian yesterday.
昨天她刚刚完成作业这时母亲叫她练习弹钢琴。
【备选要点】
1. apply vt. 涂; 敷; 搽; 应用; 运用 vi. 申请; 请求; 使用; 有效
【教材原句】
He slwed the bleeding by applying pressure t the wunds until the plice and ambulance arrived. (P38)
他通过向伤口施加压力来减缓出血, 直到警察和救护车赶到。
【词块必记】
apply. . . t. . . 把……运用到……中; 把……涂到……上
apply neself t致力于; 集中精力于
apply t. . . 适应/适用……
apply (t. . . ) fr. . . (向……)申请……
applicant n. 申请人
applicatin n. 申请; 申请书; 适用
【巧学助记】
The applicant applied himself t applying fr a pst fr teaching applied chemistry, saying that he wuld apply what he had learnt t his teaching.
这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作, 并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Over the years, he has applied himself t imprving(imprve) the living cnditins f the migrant wrkers.
②He has applied t the schl fr a schlarship and his applicatin is under discussin.
③The new technlgy, if applied(apply) t rice grwing, will help increase the grain utput.
④We must apply(apply) what we have learned t ur daily wrk because in n case shuld thery be separated frm practice.
⑤Similar arrangements apply t students wh are rdinarily resident in Sctland.
⑥I’d appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin(apply) int accunt at yur cnvenience.
句式升级
⑦If yu apply yurself t the jb in hand, yu’ll sn finish it.
→Applying yurself t the jb in hand, yu’ll sn finish it. (用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)
→Applied t the jb in hand, yu’ll sn finish it. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
2. pressure n. 压力; 挤压; 压迫(感)
【典型例句】
Exercise will nt nly lwer bld pressure but pssibly prtect against heart attacks.
锻炼不仅会降低血压, 而且可能对心脏病有预防效果。
【词块必记】
pressv. 挤, 压
put pressure n sb. (t d sth. )
对某人施加压力(迫使其做某事)
under pressure在压力之下, (液体或气体)受压力
under the pressure f. . . 在……的压力下
high/lw pressure高/低压
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Is he suffering frm pressure(press)f life?
②It was dne under the pressure f the necessity.
③The birth f the twins put pressure n them t find a bigger flat.
完成句子
④She des nt give up despite the pressure frm her mther. 尽管她的妈妈给她很大压力, 但她依然不会放弃。
⑤Hw can anyne enjy the pressures f city life?
怎么会有人喜欢都市生活的压力呢?
3. stick t粘在……上
【教材原句】
Remve clthing using scissrs if necessary unless it is stuck t the burn. (P34)
除非衣服粘在烧伤面上, 否则衣服都要脱掉。若需要的话, 可用剪刀。
【词块必记】
be stuck in陷入; 卡住
can’t stick ding sth. 不能忍受做某事
stick ut fr 坚持要求
stick ut 突出; 伸出; 显眼
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He gt the key stuck(stick) in the lck.
②She finds it difficult t stick(stick) t a diet.
③If yu stick t the truth, yu will have nthing t fear.
完成句子
④Once a decisin has been made, all f us shuld stick t it.
一旦做出一个决定, 我们都应该坚持它。
4. in place在适当的位置; 适当
【教材原句】
Cver the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will nt stick t the skin. Hld the bandage in place with tape. (P35)
用不会粘在皮肤上的干燥、清洁的绷带盖住烧伤的区域。用胶带将绷带固定到位。
【词块必记】
ut f place不合适; 不在恰当的位置
in place f代替
in the first place首先; 第一
take place发生
take ne’s place就座; 就职; 代替
take the place f代替; 取代
【语境速测】 用place短语填空
①Yu’d better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will
be difficult t find them.
②Sme f these bks are ut f place, making the whle rm messy.
③We want anther girl in place f her.
④We want anther girl t take the place f her.
一句多译
我将代替李老师给你们上课。
⑤I will give yu lessns in place f Mr Li.
⑥I will take the place f Mr Li t give yu lessns.
5. unless引导条件状语从句
【教材原句】
Remve clthing using scissrs if necessary unless it is stuck t the burn. (P34)
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上, 否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话, 可用剪刀。
【知识拓展】
(1)unless除非, 如果不, 引导一个肯定的条件状语从句, 从句有时可与if. . . nt引导的否定状语从句互换。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义, 主句多用一般将来时。
(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中, 主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。
【误区释疑】
条件状语从句: unless 从句遵循if 从句主将从现和主现从现的情况。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We will g hiking unless it rains tmrrw.
②Unless he apprves f ur prpsal, he will be frced t leave the cmpany.
完成句子
③We cannt understand a disease unless we understand the persn wh has the disease.
若不了解患者我们就不能了解疾病。
④Yu wn’t make friends with them unless yu care fr the peple under great pressure.
除非你关心那些处于巨大压力下的人, 否则你不会和他们成为朋友。
句式改写
⑤I want yu t keep wrking unless I tell yu t stp. (用if从句改写)
I want yu t keep wrking if I dn’t tell yu t stp.
⑥I wn’t attend the meeting unless I’m invited. (改为省略句)
I wn’t attend the meeting unless invited.
6. if pssible如果可能的话
【教材原句】
If burns are n arms r legs, keep them higher than the heart, if pssible. (P35)
如果烧伤的部位在手臂或腿部, 尽可能地把手臂或腿抬到高于心脏的位置。
【句型公式】
if pssible如果可能的话, 是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式, 相当于if it is pssible。
【知识拓展】
If s如果有; 如果这样的话
If nt 如果没有; 如果不是这样的话
If necessary如果必要的话
【语境速测】 完成句子
①—Have yu gt any particular plans fr the cming hliday?
—Yes, if pssible(如果可能的话), I’m ging t visit sme hmes fr the ld in the city.
②—I hear Alice was badly injured in the accident and sent t hspital.
—If s(如果这样的话), we shuld g and see her immediately.
【文化金句】
If yu fcus n results, yu will never change. If yu fcus n change, yu will get results.
执于结果, 无以为变; 执于改变, 终成正果。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·天津高考) Let’s say yu are at the airprt, and the little by n the seat next t yu is humming (哼唱)a shrt cmmercial sng. He hums it ver and ver again, and yu are abut t g crazy.
2. (2020·江苏高考)If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers (barrier), I wuldn’t be where I am.
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them frm turning brwn.
4. (2018·江苏高考)Mth, meanwhile, after an initial struggle, fund his symptms (symptm)were strangely reduced by their daily tiring jurney.
5. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing n the mn’s far side is extremely(extreme)challenging.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Treated in time, sme diseases are nt dangerus at all.
如果治疗及时, 一些疾病一点也不危险。(过去分词作状语; treat)
2. Yu will never gain success unless applying yurself t yur wrk.
除非你全身心投入你的工作, 否则你永远不会获得成功的。(省略形式; apply)
3. It is vital that we (shuld)get n/alng well with peple arund us.
重要的是我们应与我们周围的人好好相处。(it作形式主语; vital)
4. I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an ld man fall ff his bicycle. 我正在街上散步, 突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(be ding. . . when. . . )
5. Get up early tmrrw. If nt, yu will nt catch the first bus.
明天早点起床。如果不早起的话, 你就赶不上第一班公交车。(省略句)
语法填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
On ur way t the huse, it was raining 1. hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take 2. (get)there. It was in the middle f Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3. dgs, seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4. _________ had great experience with caring fr these animals. Our hsts shared many f their experiences and 5. _________ (recmmend)wnderful places t eat, shp, and visit. Fr breakfast, we were able t eat papaya(木瓜)and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting 6. (cmpete)t watch, tgether with the stry behind it. They als shared with us many 7. (traditin)stries abut Hawaii that were 8. _________ (huge)ppular with turists. On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we 9. _________ (invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, 10. _________ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。本文主要讲述了“我们”在回家路上遇到大雨以及后面的经历。
1. 【解析】s。考查固定搭配。根据空格后的hard以及其后的that从句可知此处为s+adj. /adv. +that从句结构, 故填s。
2. 【解析】t get。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知hw lng it wuld take. . . 为宾语从句, 其中包含着it wuld take sb. +时间+t d不定式结构, 表示做某事花费多少时间, 故填t get。
3. 【解析】f。考查介词。a pack f为固定搭配, 表示“一群”, 故填f。
4. 【解析】wh。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知_________had great experience with caring fr these animals为定语从句, 修饰先行词masters, masters为人, 故填wh。
5. 【解析】recmmended。考查时态。根据and可知所填词语与前面的shared构成并列谓语结构, 故填recmmended。
6. 【解析】cmpetitin。考查名词。根据空格前的interesting可知此处填名词形式, 故填cmpetitin。
7. 【解析】traditinal。考查形容词。根据空格后的stries可知此处填形容词形式, 故填traditinal。
8. 【解析】hugely。考查副词。根据空格后的ppular可知此处填副词形式, 故填hugely。
9. 【解析】were invited。考查时态与语态。本文通篇以一般过去时为主, 故此处填过去时形式; 且根据空格后的t attend可知此处主语we与invite之间为被动关系, 构成sb. be invited t d sth. 结构, 故填were invited。
10. 【解析】listening。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句子中已经出现了谓语动词, 且空前没有连词, 故所填词语为非谓语动词形式, 且与其逻辑主语we之间为主动关系, 故用现在分词形式作伴随状语, 故填listening。此题也可根据后面meeting可知此处所填词语与meeting之间构成并列的伴随状语。
【易错误区】
(1)误导原因:
9题和10题, 考生容易分不清楚谓语动词与非谓语动词, 尤其是10题的listening, 是非谓语动词作伴随状语。
(2)去伪存真:
第一步, 找动词, 找句子主干——we were invited t attend a private cncert确定谓语动词与非谓语动词。
第二步, 确定动词时态语态——invite时态语态; 非谓语动词所作成分以及与逻辑主语的关系——伴随状语且主动。
第三步, 确定invite以及listen的形式, 注意规范书写。
核心素养 崇尚健康生活, 掌握一般的急救知识, 关注自身安全
高考链接 2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C、阅读填句; 2020·浙江高考读后续写; 2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读填句; 2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空; 2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B; 2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C; 2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读填句
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2021·四川模拟)
Micrplastics are everywhere in ur envirnment. It’s hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have als been fund in humans. A new study shws that Americans are cnsuming as many as 121, 000 particles each year.
Measuring 50 t 500 micrns in length, micrplastics cme frm a variety f surces, including large plastics that break dwn int smaller and smaller pieces. Therefre, much remains unknwn abut the cmmn existence f these materials within the human bdy, as well as their impact n human health.
Hping t fill in sme f these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cx, a PhD candidate at the University f Victria, lked at 26 papers assessing the amunt f micrplastics in cmmnly cnsumed fd items, amng which are seafd, sugars, salts, hney, alchl and water. The team als evaluated the ptential cnsumptin f micrplastics thrugh inhalatin(吸入)using previusly reprted data n micrplastic cncentratins in the air and the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency’s reprted respiratin rates. Based n these data, the researchers calculated that ur annual cnsumptin f micrplastics via fd and drink ranges frm 39, 000 t 52, 000 particles. When micrplastics taken in thrugh inhalatin are taken int accunt, the range jumps t between 74, 000 and 121, 000 particles per year.
The authrs f the study fund that peple wh drink exclusively frm plastic water bttles absrb an additinal 90, 000 micrplastics each year, cmpared t 4, 000 amng thse wh nly cnsume tap water. “This shws that small decisins, ver the curse f a year, really matter and have an impact. ” Cx says. The new study, accrding t its authrs, was the first t investigate “the accumulative human expsure” t micrplastics. But in all likelihd, the research tells nly a small part f the entire stry. Cllectively, the fd and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent f Americans’ calric intake. The team culd nt accunt fr fd grups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is nt enugh data n their micrplastic cntent.
Fr thse wrried abut micrplastic cnsumptin, cutting dwn bttled water is a gd place t start. But t the heart f the prblem, we have t stp prducing and using s much plastic.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。
1. What makes it difficult t knw micrplastics cmmnly exist in the human bdy?
A. The quality. B. The quantity.
C. The shape. D. The size.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。The quality质量; The quantity数量; The shape形状; The size大小。要弄清楚是什么让我们很难知道微塑料颗粒普遍存在于人体内, 可根据第二段中Measuring 50 t 500. . . within the human bdy(微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间, 有多种来源, 包括可以分解成越来越小碎片的大型塑料)”可知, 微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中, 故D项正确。
2. Hw did Kieran Cx’s team calculate the ptential cnsumptin f micrplastics?
A. By studying papers.
B. By cmparing the impacts.
C. By analyzing the data.
D. By cnducting experiments.
【解析】选C。分析判断题。By studying papers. 通过研究论文; By cmparing the impacts. 通过比较影响; By analyzing the data. 通过分析数据; By cnducting experiments. 通过进行实验。本题是问Kieran Cx的团队是如何计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的, 短文第三段The team als evaluated. . . fd and drink ranges frm 39, 000 t 52, 000 particles. Kieran Cx的研究小组还利用先前报告中的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率, 评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量, 根据这些数据, 研究人员计算出, 我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等。由此可知, Kieran Cx的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的, 故C项正确。
3. What is the best title fr the text?
A. The Ptential Prblems f Micrplastics
B. Micrplastics Cming Frm Varius Surces
C. Micrplastics Fund Within Human Bdies
D. The Impact f Micrplastics n Human Health
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。A项: 微塑料的潜在问题; B项: 各种来源的微型塑料; C项: 人体内发现的微型塑料; D项: 微塑料对人体健康的影响。通读全文, 特别是根据第一段Micrplastics are everywhere . . . particles each year. (微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在, 在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪。一项新的研究表明, 美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12. 1万个)可知, 本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。由此, 本文最好的题目是Micrplastics Fund Within Human Bdies。故选C。
【微技能点拨】
快速定位信息 巧解细节理解题
本文中第1题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 确定题干关键词:
“difficult”; “micrplastics”; “cmmnly exist”
Step 2 回到原文准定位:
Measuring 50 t 500 micrns in length, micrplastics cme frm a variety f surces, including large plastics that break dwn int smaller and smaller pieces. Therefre, much remains unknwn abut the cmmn existence f these materials within the human bdy, as well as their impact n human health.
Step 3对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答 D 。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
Micrplastics are everywhere in ur envirnment. It’s hardly 1. _________ (surprise) that the tiny fragments have als been fund in humans.
Measuring 50 t 500 micrns in length, micrplastics cme frm a variety f surces, 2. _________ (include) large plastics that break dwn int smaller and smaller pieces. Therefre, much remains unknwn abut the cmmn 3. _________ (exist) f these materials within the human bdy.
A research team led by Kieran Cx, lked at 26 papers assessing the amunt f micrplastics in cmmnly cnsumed fd items, 4. _________ which are seafd, sugars, salts, hney, alchl and water. 5. _________ (base) n these data, the researchers calculated that ur annual cnsumptin f micrplastics ranges frm 39, 000 t 52, 000 particles. When micrplastics taken in thrugh inhalatin are taken 6. _________ accunt, the range jumps t between 74, 000 and 121, 000 particles per year.
The authrs f the study fund that peple wh drink 7. _________(exclusive) frm plastic water bttles absrb 8. _________ additinal 90, 000 micrplastics each year, cmpared t 4, 000 amng thse wh nly cnsume tap water. The new study was the first t investigate“the accumulative human 9. _________(expse)” t micrplastics.
Fr thse wrried abut micrplastic cnsumptin, cutting dwn bttled water is a gd place t start, 10. t the heart f the prblem, we have t stp prducing and using s much plastic.
1. 【解析】surprising。考查形容词。It’s hardly surprising that. . . “……并不令人吃惊”。 并不令人吃惊的是, 在人体内也发现了那些小碎片。
2. 【解析】including。考查非谓语动词。 微塑料的长度为50至500微米, 其来源多种多样, 包括那些被分解成越来越小的碎片的大塑料。
3. 【解析】existence。考查名词。the cmmn existence 普遍存在。
4. 【解析】 amng。考查定语从句。 由Kieran Cx领导的研究小组研究了26篇论文, 评估了常用食品的微塑料含量, 评估的食物包括海鲜, 糖, 盐, 蜂蜜, 酒精和水等食物。which 代指前面的fd items, 这些食物中包括……, 所以用介词“amng”。
5. 【解析】 Based。考查过去分词作状语。 “be based n. . . ” “以……为基础”所以填Based。
6. 【解析】 int。考查固定搭配。take sth. int accunt 将……考虑在内。
7. 【解析】exclusively。考查副词。该研究的作者发现, 仅仅从塑料水瓶中喝水的人每年还会额外吸收9万微塑料。exclusively 副词修饰动词drink。
8. 【解析】an。考查不定冠词“an”, 是泛指(9万微塑料是一份额外的吸收)且additinal发音以元音音素开头, 所以用an。
9. 【解析】expsure。考查名词。expse的名词形式是expsure。“累积的对微塑料的接触”。
10. 【解析】but。考查连词。 对于那些担心使用微塑料的人来说, 减少瓶装水是一个不错的起点。但是, 问题的根源是我们必须停止生产和使用太多塑料。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
阅读下面的短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Recently, a prfessr f philsphy in the United States has written a bk called Mney and the Meaning f Life. He has discvered that hw we deal with mney in ur day-t-day life has mre meaning than we usually think. One f the things he asks his students t d is t keep a recrd f every penny they spend fr a week. Frm the way they spend their mney, they ften see what they really value in life.
He says ur relatin with thers ften becmes clearly defined when mney enters the picture. Yu might have wnderful friendship with smebdy and yu think that yu are very gd friends. But yu will knw him nly when yu ask him t lend yu sme mney. If he des, it brings smething t the relatinship that seems strnger than ever befre. Or it can suddenly weaken the relatinship if he desn’t. This persn may say that he has a certain feeling, but if it is nt carried ut in the mney wrld, there is smething less real abut it.
Since mney is s imprtant t us, we cnsider thse wh pssess a lt f it t be very imprtant. The authr interviewed sme millinaires in researching his bk.
Answer: The mst surprising thing is why peple give me s much respect. I am nthing. I dn’t knw much. All I am is rich.
Peple just have an idea f making mre and mre mney, but what is it fr? Hw much d I need fr any given purpses in my life? In his bk, the prfessr uncvered an imprtant need in mdern sciety: t bring back the idea that mney is an instrument rather than the end. Mney plays an imprtant rle in the material wrld, but expecting mney t give happiness may be missing the meaning f life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 通读全文, 确定体裁, 明确主题
体裁: 议论文
主题: 钱和生活的意义
2. 定位主题句和关键词, 变换表达方式(句式转换)
①Recently, a prfessr f philsphy in the United States has written a bk called Mney and the Meaning f Life. He has discvered that hw we deal with mney in ur day-t-day life has mre meaning than we usually think.
→A US prfessr has fund ut the relatinship between mney and the meaning f life. (简单句)
②Since mney is s imprtant t us, we cnsider thse wh pssess a lt f it t be very imprtant.
→Mney is generally cnsidered very imprtant. (被动句表达)
③Answer: The mst surprising thing is why peple give me s much respect. I am nthing. I dn’t knw much. All I am is rich.
→ A millinaire desn’t feel he is very imprtant, because he thinks he is nthing except that he has mney. (连接成为复合句)
④In his bk, the prfessr uncvered an imprtant need in mdern sciety: t bring back the idea that mney is an instrument rather than the end. Mney plays an imprtant rle in the material wrld, but expecting mney t give happiness may be missing the meaning f life.
→The prfessr’s findings reveal that mney is a tl rather than the gal, and mney is nt equal t happiness. (宾语从句)
Step 2 妙笔成篇
A US prfessr has fund ut the relatinship between mney and the meaning f life. Sme peple think friendship and gd relatinship depend n whether yu have mney and whether yu are generus. Mney is generally cnsidered very imprtant, but a millinaire desn’t feel he is very imprtant, because he thinks he is nthing except that he has mney. The prfessr’s findings reveal that mney is a tl rather than the gal, and mney is nt equal t happiness.
阅读填句
Jhannes Gutenberg—the pineer f the printing press
Jhannes Gutenberg was chsen t be the mst imprtant figure f the past millennium(千年) by the media(媒体). Yu may nt be familiar with him. 1 Gutenberg is praised fr having invented the printing press and therefre preparing the way fr printing bks.
He was brn int a wealthy family in the city f Mainz, Germany. His early training was in gldsmithing. In 1428, he mved t Strasburg and lived there fr almst 20 years. 2
Gutenberg used his skills in metalwrk fr the mass prductin f bks. 3 That means that each cpy f the Cathlic bible and all f its 73 bks were painstakingly handwritten by penmen. Gutenberg fashined a fnt(字体) f ver 300 characters, far larger than the fnts f tday. T make this pssible, he invented the variable-width mld(模型) and perfected the mixture f materials used by type factries up t the present century.
4 Between 1450 and 1455, while preparing t prduce a large Latin Bible, Gutenberg is thught t have printed a number f smaller bks, a calender, and a papal Letter f Indulgence. The Bible f 42 Lines, the ldest surviving printed bk in the Western wrld, was cmpleted by August 15, 1456.
The discvery f the mdern printing press changed the way infrmatin was delivered. 5 Even tday in the cmputer age, we rely heavily n the printed wrd r text fr instructin, infrmatin, and fr the pleasure f reading literature.
A. Gutenberg made the wrld a much richer place.
B. But he has certainly influenced yur life in sme ways.
C. Gutenberg’s idea was ne f the greatest f all mankind.
D. By 1450, Gutenberg was back in Mainz at wrk n a printing press.
E. In fact, this inventin was respnsible fr educating the masses wrldwide.
F. Befre the spread f Gutenberg’s idea, literature was primarily handwritten.
G. It was in Strasburg that he prbably made his first experiments with mveable type.
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。约翰内斯·古腾堡是西方活字印刷术的发明人, 他的发明对世界知识的传播、文明的演进具有重要影响。
1. 【解析】选B。由该空前的Yu may nt be familiar with him以及该空后的描述可知, B项“但是他肯定在某种程度上影响了你的生活”符合此处语境。
2. 【解析】选G。由该空前的he mved t Strasburg and lived there fr almst 20 years以及下文的描述可知, 约翰内斯·古腾堡可能在斯特拉斯堡用活字做了他的最初的实验。
3. 【解析】选F。由该空后的That means. . . were painstakingly handwritten by penmen可知, F项“在古腾堡的想法传播开以前, 文学作品主要是用手抄写的”符合此处语境。
4. 【解析】选D。由该段中的Between 1450 and 1455. . . Latin Bible和have printed a number f smaller bks以及The Bible f 42 Lines. . . was cmpleted by August 15, 1456可知, 到1450年, 古腾堡回到美茵茨在印刷厂工作。
5. 【解析】选E。E项中的this inventin与该空前的The discvery f the mdern printing press相呼应。
话题词汇
material; absrb; health; surce; cnsumptin; cmpare
短语
break dwn; cmmnly cnsumed; take sth. int accunt; cutting dwn