高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元提能训练含解析新人教版

这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元提能训练含解析新人教版，共8页。
(2021年广东省广州八区调研考试)
My family lived abut a mile frm the Bertram Wds Library. Thrughut my childhd, my mther drve me there several times a week.
Our visits were never __1__enugh fr me. I lved wandering arund the__2__scanning the spines(书脊)f the bks until smething happened t__3__my eye.
I might have spent the rest f my life__4__libraries the way I viewed, say, the amusement park I went t as a kid. But then the__5__feeling came back int my life__6__. One day after we mved t Ls Angeles in 2011, my sn wanted t interview a__7__fr his schl assignment. S we went t the__8__library.
As we drve ver t meet the librarian, I__9__a memry f this similar jurney in my past — anther parent and child n their way t the library. The__10__didn’t lk anything like the Bertram Wds, but when we__11__inside, a shck f recgnitin__12__me. Decades had passed, but I really felt as if I had returned t that time and place, walking int the library with my mther. __13__had changed. There was the same sft sund f pencil n paper, and the murmuring f peple__14__at the tables in the center f the rm. The wden checkut cunters, the librarians’ desks, the bulletin bard, were all the same.
It wasn’t that time__15__in the library. It was as if it had been captured here, r cllected. A library, fr me, is a gathering pl f stries and f the peple wh cme t find them.
( )1．A．lng B．easy
C．bringD．interesting
( )2．A．rmsB．streets
C．shelvesD．tables
( )3．A．fillB．catch
C．penD．blck
( )4．A．wandering arundB．thinking abut
C．talking abutD．lking fr
( )5．A．familiarB．exciting
C．funnyD．warm
( )6．A．unexpectedlyB．uncmfrtably
C．exactlyD．finally
( )7．A．prfessrB．teacher
C．bksellerD．librarian
( )8．A．newestB．clsest
C．prettiestD．quietest
( )9．A．lstB．shared
C．enjyedD．experienced
( )10．A．schlB．building
C．desksD．bks
( )11．A．lkedB．drve
C．steppedD．read
( )12．A．struckB．disappinted
C．defeatedD．wke
( )13．A．EverybdyB．Everything
C．NbdyD．Nthing
( )14．A．wrkingB．sitting
C．playingD．eating
( )15．A．travelledB．flew
C．stppedD．changed
【答案】 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者童年和妈妈一起去图书馆，长大后和自己孩子再去图书馆，心境和感觉不一样了。
1．A 由上文的“Thrughut my childhd, my mther drve me there several times a week. ”可知，喜欢去图书馆的作者每周只能去几次图书馆，他认为这样的访问对他来说，不够长。故选A项。
2．C 由下文的“scanning the spines(书脊) f the bks”可知，是在图书馆的书架旁到处转悠。故选C项。
3．B 由上文的“I lved wandering arund the______ scanning the spines(书脊)f the bks”. 可知，此处指作者喜欢在书架旁到处转悠，看书名，直到有让自己感兴趣的书吸引了他的眼球(注意力)。故选B项。
4．B 由下文的view可知，作者小时候会观察他要去的游乐园，所以他也会像小时候一样，把余生都花在观察(思考)图书馆上。“thinking abut”的意义与view接近。故选B项。
5．A 由下文的“Decades had passed, but I really felt as if I had returned t that time and place”可知，几十年过去了，作者感觉好像回到了那个时间和地点，说明那种熟悉的感觉回到了他的生活中。故选A项。
6．A 由下文语境可知，作者得到那种熟悉的感觉，是因为儿子想采访一位图书管理员才去的图书馆，所以那种熟悉的感觉是意外得来的。故选A项。
7．D 由下文的“As we drve ver t meet the librarian”可知，作者儿子想采访一位图书管理员。故选D项。
8．B 句意：所以我们去了最近的图书馆。由常识可知，人们都会去离家最近的图书馆。故选B项。
9．D 由上文的“my mther drve me there several times a week”和下文的“anther parent and child n their way t the library”可知，以前作者妈妈带作者去图书馆，现在作者带自己孩子去图书馆，他感觉自己在经历类似(一个家长和孩子在去图书馆的路上)的旅途。故选D项。
10．B 由上文语境可知，作者带自己孩子去图书馆，他觉得这个图书馆的建筑与他小时候去的伯特伦·伍兹图书馆不一样。故选B项。
11．C 由下文的inside可知，此处指作者和儿子走进图书馆。故选C项。
12．A 作者带自己孩子去与伯特伦·伍兹图书馆不一样的图书馆，感觉好像回到了和妈妈一起去图书馆的那个时间和地点，这一切都让作者感到熟悉而陌生，让作者意识到了他是最熟悉的陌生人。a shck f recgnitin意为“最熟悉的陌生人”。故选A项。
13．D 图书馆的一切都没有改变，与过去一样有人的低语声、木制的收银台、图书管理员的桌子和布告栏等东西。故选D项。
14．B 由下文的“at the tables in the center f the rm”可知，此处指坐在图书馆房间中央桌子旁的人们。故选B项。
15．C 由下文的“It was as if it had been captured here, r cllected”和常识可知，时间不会停下，它只是在图书馆被捕获/收集起来了。故选C项。
Ⅱ．阅读理解
(2021年山东师范大学附属中学第一次模拟)
Hardware in general, and smartphnes in particular, have becme a huge envirnmental and health prblem in the Glbal Suth’s landfill sites (垃圾填埋场)．
Electrnic waste(e­waste) currently takes up 5 percent f all glbal waste, and it is set t increase rapidly as mre f us wn mre than ne smartphne, laptp and pwer bank. They end up in places like Agbgblshie n the utskirts f Ghana’s capital, Accra. It is the biggest e­waste dump in the wrld, where 10, 000 infrmal wrkers walk thrugh tns f abandned gds as part f an infrmal recycling prcess. They risk their health searching fr the precius metals that are fund in abandned smartphnes.
But Agbgblshie shuld nt exist. The Basel Cnventin, a 1989 treaty, aims t prevent develped natins frm unauthrized dumping f e­waste in less develped cuntries. The e­waste industry, hwever, circumvents the regulatins by exprting e­waste labelled as “secndhand gds” t pr cuntries like Ghana, knwing full well that it is heading fr a landfill site.
A recent reprt fund Agbgblshie cntained sme f the mst dangerus chemicals. This is nt surprising: smartphnes cntain chemicals like mercury (水银)，lead and even arsenic(砷)．Reprtedly, ne egg frm a free­range chicken in Agbgblshie cntained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that’s abut 220 times greater than a limit set by the Eurpean Fd Safety Authrity(EFSA) . Mst wrryingly, these pisnus chemicals are free t pllute the brader sil and water system. This shuld cncern us all, since sme f Ghana’s tp exprts are cca and nuts.
Sme gvernments have started t take respnsibility fr their cnsumers’ waste. Fr example, Germany has started a prject that includes a sustainable (可持续的)recycling system at Agbgblshie, alng with a health clinic fr wrkers. Hwever, gvernments cannt slve the prblem alne, as there is an almst limitless cnsumer demand fr hardware, especially when gvernments green plicies are fcused n issues like climate change.
Only the manufacturers can fix this. A mre ecnmically sustainable and plitically pssible slutin is thrugh encuraging hardware manufacturers t make the repair, reuse and recycling f hardware prfitable, r at least cst­neutral.
( )1．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2?
A．Electrnic prducts need imprving urgently.
B．Electrnic waste is t cmplex t get fully recycled.
C．Electrnic waste requires mre landfill sites acrss Ghana.
D．Electrnic pllutin is a burning questin in Agbgblshie.
( )2．What des the underlined wrd “circumvents” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Tightens. B．Ablishes.
C．Gets arund. D．Brings in.
( )3．What shuld be the biggest cncern accrding t the text?
A．The vilatin f EFSA’s standards.
B．The lack f diversity in Ghana’s exprts.
C．The damage t chicken’s immune system.
D．The threat f plluted fd arund the wrld.
( )4．What des the authr think is the best slutin t the e­waste prblem?
A．Manufacturers’ develping a sustainable hardware ecnmy.
B．Gvernments’ adjusting their green plicies abut e­waste.
C．Reducing custmers’ demands fr electrnic prducts.
D．Letting gvernments take n the main respnsibility.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了电子垃圾虽被掩埋在欠发达国家，但已成为危害全人类的公敌，因此政府和制造商都应该作出努力减少电子垃圾污染。
1．D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知：目前，电子垃圾占全球垃圾总量的5%，而且随着越来越多的人拥有不止一台智能手机、笔记本电脑和电力银行，这一比例还将迅速上升。他们最终在加纳首都阿克拉郊区的Agbgblshie等地落脚。随着电子垃圾的快速增长，Agbgblshie地区的电子污染是一个严峻的问题。故选D项。
2．C 词句猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子“The Basel Cnventin, a 1989 treaty, aims t prevent develped natins frm unauthrized dumping f e­waste in less develped cuntries (1989年签署的《巴塞尔公约》旨在防止发达国家未经授权向欠发达国家倾倒电子垃圾)．”可知，画线词所在的句子意思是发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品”的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开《巴塞尔公约》的规定，可推知画线词的意思为“避开、绕开”。Tightens拉紧；Ablishes废除；Gets arund避开；Brings in引进。故选C项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知：最令人担忧的是，这些有毒的化学物质可以随意污染更广阔的土壤和水系统。这应该引起我们所有人的关注，因为加纳的一些主要出口产品是可可和坚果)可知，加纳大量对外出口可可和坚果，所以全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的威胁。故选D项。
4．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知：只有制造商才能解决这个问题。一个经济上更可持续、政治上更可行的解决方案是，鼓励硬件制造商使硬件的维修、再利用和回收有利可图，或者至少不影响成本。作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商，他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则，生产便于维修、可回收利用的电子产品。故选A项。
Ⅲ．语法填空
(2021年山东模拟卷三)
China has decided 1．________(dnate) anther $30 millin t the Wrld Health Organizatin fr cntaining COVID­19 and supprting develping cuntries in imprving their health systems.
The wrld is at a crucial stage in fighting the pandemic, and supprt fr the WHO means 2．________(defend) multilateralism and uphlding the authrity f the United Natins, said Freign Ministry spkesman Geng Shuang, 3．________made the annuncement n Thursday.
China previusly dnated $20 millin t the WHO fr tackling the virus. China’s dnatin 4．________ (shw) the supprt the Chinese gvernment and peple have fr the WHO, as well as their trust in the 5．______(rganize), Geng said at a daily news cnference.
Since the utbreak started, the WHO 6．________(carry) ut its duty, adhering t an bjective, fair and scientific psitin, and has played an imprtant part in crdinating effrts 7．________cuntries and prmting internatinal cperatin t cntrl the pandemic, Geng said.
8．________ decisin came in less than tw weeks after the US annunced it wuld 9．________(temprary) stp funding the WHO, while many ther cuntries have viced their supprt fr the rganizatin.
Wrking in unity is the nly way the internatinal cmmunity can vercme the virus, he reiterated, adding that China hpes t cperate with all 10．________(party) in this fight, and cntribute t the building f a cmmunity with a shared future fr mankind.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。说明了中国决定再向世界卫生组织捐赠3000万美元，用于遏制新冠肺炎疫情，支持发展中国家完善卫生体系。外交部发言人耿爽于周四发表声明称，世界正处于抗击疫情的关键阶段，支持世界卫生组织意味着捍卫多边主义和维护联合国权威。
1．t dnate 考查不定式。句意：中国决定再向世界卫生组织捐赠3000万美元，用于遏制新冠肺炎疫情，支持发展中国家完善卫生体系。结合句意表示“决定做某事”短语为decide t d sth. 。故填t dnate。
2．defending 考查动名词。句意：外交部发言人耿爽于周四发表声明称，世界正处于抗击疫情的关键阶段，支持世界卫生组织意味着捍卫多边主义和维护联合国权威。结合句意表示“意味着做某事”短语为mean ding sth. 。故填defending。
3．wh 考查关系代词。句意：同上题。这是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Geng Shuang，且从句中缺少主语，指人，故填wh，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填wh。
4．shws 考查主谓一致。根据后文have可知应用一般现在时，陈述目前的情况，且主语为dnatin，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填shws。
5．rganizatin 考查名词。根据上文定冠词the，可知应填名词rganizatin，表示“组织”。故填rganizatin。
6．has carried/has been carrying 考查动词时态。根据“Since the utbreak started”可知，表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作，应用现在完成时；或表示动作从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语与谓语之间是主动关系，主语为“the WHO”，故助动词用has。故填has carried/has been carrying。
7．amng 考查介词。句意：耿说，自疫情爆发以来，世界卫生组织一直本着客观、公正、科学的立场履行职责，在协调各国努力、促进国际合作控制疫情方面发挥了重要作用。根据句意表示“在……之间”，且表示在三者或三者以上中选择，应用介词amng。故填amng。
8．The 考查冠词。decisin为可数名词，此处特指“中国决定再向世界卫生组织捐赠3000万美元”这个决定，为特指，应用定冠词。在句首的单词首字母要大写。故填The。
9．temprarily 考查副词。设空处修饰动词stp，应用副词temprarily，表示“暂时地”，作状语。故填temprarily。
10．parties 考查名词复数。party为可数名词，由all修饰应用party的复数。故填parties。
Ⅳ．应用文写作
(2021年浙江省高考选考科目联考)
假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校将举办英文名著阅读比赛，每位参赛者需要提供一篇英文名著读后感(bk reprt)。请你给外教Mr. Jhnsn写一封邀请信，请他担任该比赛的评委。内容包括：
1．发出邀请；
2．比赛的具体安排；
3．期待回复。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________
【答案】
Dear Mr. Jhnsn，
I’m Li Hua, chairman f Students’ Unin. I’m writing t invite yu t be the judge f ur cmpetitin t be held next mnth.
Aimed at reading classical English wrks, the cmpetitin is meant t aruse students’ reading interest. As requested, the students wh want t participate in it shuld submit a bk reprt in English befre the deadline. Besides, three judges will discuss and make decisins fr the final awards.
Yur acceptance f my invitatin is highly appreciated. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs，
Li Hua