2022版高考英语（外研版）一轮复习学案：必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists

[单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．figure n．人物

2．publish vt.出版

3．breakthrough n．突破

4．support vt.支持

5．replace vt.取代；以……代替

6．quantity n．数量

7．quality n．质量

8．victim n．受害者

9．escape vi.逃跑；逃避

10．clear vi.(烟雾)消散

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．He published(publish) his first song when he was eighteen years old.

2．Our foreign policy is_supported(support) by the people almost all over the world.

3．Most of the flood victims(victim) had to leave all their things behind.

4．They take measures to prevent the prisoners from escaping(escape)．

5．We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(clear) at last.

拓展单词

1．produce v．生产→product n．产品→producer n．生产者→production n．生产；产量

2．educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者

3．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的

4．origin n．起源→original adj.原来的；最初的→originate vi.起源于

5．export vt.出口→import vt.进口

6．brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简短地

7．graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业

8．personal adj.个人的→personally adv.就个人而言→personality n．个性；人格

9．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸；爆炸声

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．This factory produces computers.Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale.(produce)

2．On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education.(educate)

3．This word originated from a Latin word and the original meaning is quite different from what it is today.(origin)

4．Though she explained the topic briefly，we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)

5．After graduation，he is one of the graduates who have graduated this year and are looking for a job.(graduate)

6．Personally speaking, I don't like his personality because he only thinks of his personal_profit.(personal)

7．Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)

阅读单词

1．biochemistry n．生物化学

2．biology n．生物学

3．botany n．植物学

4．leading adj.主要的

5．nickname n．绰号

6．convert vt.改变；转换

7．cash crop n．经济作物

8．diagnose vt.诊断

9．brilliant adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的

10．career n．生涯；经历

11．partly adv.部分地；在一定程度上

12．physical adj.身体的

13．rocket n．火箭

14．arrow n．(弓)箭

15．straight adj.直的

1．(2019·江苏卷)The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.

支撑

2．(2017·天津卷)What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? 影像

3．(2016·天津卷)My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English.毕业生

[短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

1．support vt.&n.支持；拥护；支撑；供养

(1)support sb.in sth.在某方面支持某人

support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生

(2)come to one's support 来支持某人

with one's support 在某人的支持下

in support of 支持；拥护

get more money to support his family 挣更多的钱养家糊口

speak in support of the ban of drunk driving 表示支持禁止酒后驾车

strongly support the plan to build a playground for children 强烈支持为孩子们建操场的计划

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The old man entered the hall, supported(support) by his two sons.

②We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.

③Whenever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to my help.

[能力提升]——一句多译

我将举双手支持校园内禁止吸烟。

①I'll raise both hands to_support_banning_smoking inside the schoolyard. (support v．)

②I'll raise both hands in_support_of_banning_smoking inside the schoolyard. (support n．)

2．quantity n．数量；大量

a large (good)/small quantity of 大/少量的

large quantities of 大量的，许多的

in quantity 大量地

in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上

have improved in quantity and quality this term 本学期在数量和质量上都有所提升

large quantities of/a large quantity of clothes and food 大量的衣物和食物

buy such a quantity of things on double eleven day

在双十一买了这么多的东西

[名师点津]　a quantity of/large quantities of接可数或不可数名词。后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的数一般根据quantity的单复数而定。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_ washed(wash) away.

②As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has(have) covered the land.

③We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.

[能力提升]——一句多译

人们筹集了大量的钱以帮助遭受水灾的难民。

①A_large_quantity_of_money_has_been_raised to help the refugees in the flooded area.(quantity)

②Large_quantities_of_money_have_been_raised to help the refugees in the flooded area.(quantities)

3．escape v．&n.逃跑；逃避；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘

[一词多义]——写出下列句中escape的含义

①Without thinking he started to run and luckily escaped the cat's paw.逃脱

②Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.漏出

③That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat.避开

④I remembered seeing him somewhere before, but his name escaped me for the moment.被遗忘

escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事

escape from/out of ...从……逃跑，逃走；从……中溢出，漏出

sth.escape sb.某事物被某人忘记；未被注意到

a narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于难

escape from the burning house with the help of firefighters 在消防员的帮助下逃离了燃烧的房屋

narrowly escape being killed in the traffic accident

差一点在交通事故中丧生

use alcohol as a means of escape 借酒消愁

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Whoever breaks the law won't escape punishment/being_punished(punish)．

②Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

普通表达：While shopping, I came across one of my former classmate, but I couldn't remember his name, which made me embarrassed.

高级表达：While shopping, I came across one of my former classmate, but his_ name_escaped_me/my_memory,_which made me embarrassed.(escape)

4．clear vi. (烟雾)消散；变清澈；(天)变晴 vt.使清澈；使清楚，消除 adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；畅通的

(1)clear away 清除；驱散；拿走；收拾

clear up (天)放晴；整理；清理；消除(误会)

(2)make ...clear 阐明；清楚表明

It is clear that ...显然……

clear his throat before giving a speech 他说话前清了清喉咙

try our best to clear (away) his mind of doubt 尽力消除他心中的疑虑

clear up the misunderstanding and make up 消除误解，握手言和

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①It's raining now, but I think it will clear up soon.

②Cities like Beijing suffer from terrible smog, and rain can help clear away air pollution.

③Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

[能力提升]——完成句子

显然，高科技设备在青少年中变得流行并且改变了他们的生活方式。

It_is_clear_that high­tech equipment has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.

5．come to/into power掌权；上台；执政

in power 当权

beyond one's power 不能胜任

within/in one's power 有能力；力所能及

do everything within/in one's power 竭尽所能

expect to be back in power after the election 希望大选以后重新执政

have been in power for more than 20 years 已执政20多年了

be accused of abusing his power 他被指控滥用职权

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The government in power is devoted to the improvement of education.

②It is quite beyond my power.I'm determined to give it up.

③When the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve people's life.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

普通表达：I will try my best to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.

高级表达：I will do_everything_within/in_my_power to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.

6．(教材P39)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_ rocket_moving in a straight direction.这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。

[句型公式]　句中keep the rocket moving为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。

“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，意为“使……继续处于某种状态”，这里keep为使役动词，其用法有：

(1)keep＋宾语＋现在分词(分词与宾语构成主动关系)

(2)keep＋宾语＋过去分词(分词与宾语构成被动关系)

(3)keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语

[金句推送]　(全国卷Ⅲ)It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy.它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们身体健康。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The question kept me wondering(wonder) for the rest of the night.

②Please remain seated and keep your seat belts fastened(fasten)．

[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级

普通表达：It is necessary that we should let the young generation learn of the current affairs.

高级表达：It is necessary that we should keep_the_young_generation_ informed_of the current affairs.(inform，keep＋宾语＋宾补)

多维训练——夯实基础

维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空

1．The murderer tried to escape being_caught(catch) by the police but in vain.

2．Please keep us informed(inform) of any change of address as soon as possible.

3．Large quantities of money have_been_spent(spend) in bringing up his children so far.

4．Most people hold the belief that education(educate) can change one's fate.

5．This is a copy of the famous picture, and the original(origin) work is now in the British Museum.

维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词

1．A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory.

2．When the new ruler came to/into power, he made peace with all his former enemies.

3．I made it clear to him that he was no longer welcome here.

4．The attack is believed to have been carried out during the early morning hours.

5．After his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, he spent all of his time looking after her.

维度3——查缺补漏(单句语法填空/单句改错)

1．In face of increasing energy limits, China needs a major breakthrough in mining and exploration.

2．His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.

3．His first book published last year and it turned out to be a best­seller.

published前加was

4．The key to protect the environment is to let people realize the importance of environment.　protect→protecting

5．Some uneducated and unskilled people earn their life by doing manual work.

life→living

维度4——话题写作

1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)

①亚历山大·弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。

Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and (was)_brought_up by his mother and his elder brother.

②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院校接受教育。

With_their_support,_he got_educated/received_education in a medical school in London.

③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。

In 1906, he graduated_from_this_school as a top student.

④他对医学做出了巨大贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。

He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that made_him_earn_life­long_honor.

⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝尔奖。

He was_known_for_this_achievement,_and for it he received a Nobel Prize.

⑥很显然，弗莱明是历史上才华横溢的科学家之一。

It_was_clear_that Fleming is one_of_the_brilliant_scientists in history.

2．升级平淡句

(1)用分词作状语改写句①

Alexander_Flaming_was_born_in_Scotland,_brought_up_by_his_mother_and_

his_elder_brother.

(2)用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句改写句⑤

He_was_known_for_this_achievement,_for_which_he_received_a_Nobel_Prize.

3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：after that)

Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland, brought up by his mother and his elder brother.With their support, he got educated in a medical school in London.In 1906, he graduated from this school as a top student.After that he made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that made him earn life­long honor.He was known for this achievement, for which he received a Nobel Prize.It was clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.