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    高考英语【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(四)倒装句学案

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    高考英语【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(四)倒装句学案

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    这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(四)倒装句学案,共10页。学案主要包含了巧学妙记,小试牛刀等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    倒装句的概念
    在英语中,正常语序为主语在前,谓语在后。如果将谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面,这种语序就叫倒装。 例如:
    1. The by rushed ut. (正常语序)
    2. Out rushed the by. (倒装语序)
    倒装的种类
    英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,这称之为部分倒装。
    (一) 完全倒装
    完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。
    On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。
    Here is the bk yu want. 你要的书在这儿。
    Dwn went the small bat. 小船沉下去了。
    (二)部分倒装
    部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前。
    Only by wrking hard can ne succeed. 只有努力才能成功。
    Never have I seen her befre. 我以前没见过她。
    【小叮咛】
    如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词d, des或did,并将其置于主语之前。
    Well d I remember the day I jined the League.入团的那一天,我记忆犹新。
    Little did I think that he culd be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
    三、常见的倒装结构
    常见的完全倒装结构
    there be 句型。例如:
    There is a mbile phne and sme bks n the desk. 桌上有一个手机和一些书。
    There are thusands f peple gathering n the square. 广场上聚集着成千上万的人。
    【小叮咛】 引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。例如:
    There lived an ld fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。
    There stand tw white huses by the river. 河滨矗立着两座白房子。
    There existed sme dubt amng the students. 学生中有些怀疑。
    用于here, there, nw, thus, then + 动词 + 主语的句型中(谓语动词多为be, g, cme等)。例如:
    Here cmes the bus.汽车来了。
    There ges the bell. 铃响了。
    Nw cmes my turn. 轮到我了。
    Then came the rder t take ff. 起飞的命令到了。
    3.以ut, in, up, dwn, ff, away等副词开头,谓语动词是表示“移动”的g, cme, leave等句子里。例如:
    Away went the crwd ne by ne. 人们一个一个地离去。
    In came a stranger in black. 进来了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。
    Dwn fell the leaves. 树叶掉了下来。
    【小叮咛】注意在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。例如:
    Out she went. 她走了。
    Here we are. 我们到了。
    4.表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。例如:
    Suth f the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
    20 miles east f ur schl lies a mdern swimming pl.
    我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。
    On the flr were piles f ld bks, magazines and newspapers. 地板上是一堆堆旧的书报杂志。
    5. “表语+连系动词+主语”结构。例如:
    Lucky is she wh was admitted t a famus university last year.
    她很幸运,去年被一所名牌大学录取。
    Gne are the days when he was lked dwn upn. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
    Present at the meeting are sme well-knwn scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。
    常见的部分倒装结构
    1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如nt, seldm, little, few, scarcely, hardly, never, rarely, nwhere等)放在句首时。例如:
    He can nt speak a single wrd f English.
    → Nt a single wrd f English can he speak. 他连一个英语单词都不会说。
    He cares little abut his clthes.
    → Little des he care abut his clthes. 他不在乎穿着。
    I have never seen him befre.
    → Never have I seen him befre.
    → Never befre have I seen him. 我以前没见过他。
    The mther didn't leave the rm until the child fell asleep.
    → Nt until the child fell asleep did the mther leave the rm. 孩子睡着了,妈妈才离开房间。(Nt nly引出的主从复合句中,主句倒装,从句不倒装。)
    Churchill was nt nly a statesman, but a pet
    → Nt nly was Churchill a statesman, but a pet. 丘吉尔不仅是个政治家,而且还是个诗人。
    I shall by n means give up.
    → By n means shall I give up. 我决不放弃。
    【小叮咛】
    (1)必背:表示“刚……就……的倒装结构:hardly/scarcely…when, n sner… than等,例如:
    Hardly had he started t leave when it began t rain. 他刚要离开,天就下起了雨。
    Scarcely had he sat dwn when his mbile phne rang. 他刚坐下,手机就响了。
    N sner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
    (2) 只有当nt nly… but als连接两个分句时,在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的nt nly… but als仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。
    Nt nly yu but als I am fnd f music.不仅你而且我也喜欢音乐。
    副词nly +状语放在句首时。例如:
    Only then did I see life was nt easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。
    Only in this way can yu use the cmputer well. 只有用这种方法你才能把电脑学好。
    Only when he is seriusly ill des he ever stay in bed. 只有他病重时,他才待在床上。(nly+状语从句,从句不倒装,主句倒装)
    3. s作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是:S + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语。例如:
    He has been t Tky. S have I. 她去过东京,我也去过。
    He can send emails t his frmer classmates. S can she. 他能电子邮件给以前的同学,她也能。
    He went t the film last night. S did I. 昨天晚上他去看电影了,我也去了。
    【小叮咛】如果对前面所说的内容,加以肯定,或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用,表示一种结果的意思,那不倒装。例如:
    --- Jack wn the first prize in the cntest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。
    --- S he did. 确实是的。
    --- It is cld tday. 今天很冷。
    --- S it is and s was it yesterday. 确实是很冷,昨天也很冷。
    His mther tld him t g t the film. S he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影,他就去了。
    4.neither…nr引导的句子用倒装语序,用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。例如:
    She wn’t g. Neither/ Nr will I. 她不走,我也不。
    I cannt swim. Neither can he . 我不会游泳,他也不会。
    【小叮咛】如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定,或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时,用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“S it is with +主语”结构。例如:
    He wrked hard, but didn't pass the exam. S it was with his sister.
    他很努力,但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。(既有肯定又有否定)
    She is a teacher and she enjys teaching. S it is with Mr. Li.
    她是老师,热爱教书。李先生也是这样。(谓语一个是系动词,一个是行为动词)
    5. “和“”结构中的s或such位于句首时。例如:
    He was s excited that he culd nt say a wrd.
    → S excited was he that he culd nt say a wrd. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。
    His anger was such that he lst cntrl f himself.
    → Such was his anger that he lst cntrl f himself.
    他是如此地生气,以至于他不能控制自己了。
    6.一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, ften等)位于句首时。例如:
    I have seen her taking a walk alne many a time.
    → Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alne. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
    She ften came t my huse in the past.
    → Often did she cme t my huse in the past. 过去她常到我家来。
    表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时。例如:
    Well d I remember the day when I jined the League. 我对入团的那一天还记忆犹新。
    Gladly wuld I accept yur prpsal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。
    8.非谓语动词 + be + 主语。例如:
    Cvering much f the earth's surface is a blanket f water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。
    Als discussed were the prblems we had met with in ur studies.
    同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。
    First t unfld was the map f the wrld. 首先要打开的是世界地图。
    (三)常见的其他形式的倒装结构
    1.宾语位于句首表示强调,例如:
    The past ne can knw, but the future ne can nly feel. 一个人可以明知过去,但只能感悟未来。
    What Julia did I cannt imagine. 我想象不出朱莉娅做了什么。
    the the mre ...结构中的倒装,例如:
    The harder yu wrk, the happier yu feel. 你越努力工作,就越觉得快乐。(表语提前)
    The mre yu study, the mre yu knw. 你学得越多,就明白越多。(宾语提前)
    【小叮咛】有时从句倒装,主句不倒装。例如:
    I like the painting better the mre I lk at it. 我越看这幅画,就越喜欢它。
    3.as/ thugh 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装,例如:
    (1)表语提前,构成倒装。例如:
    Thugh she is very pretty, she is nt clever.
    → Pretty thugh she is, she is nt clever.虽然她很漂亮,但是她不聪明。
    Althugh it may appear strange, it is true.
    → Disabled as he was, he tried his best t serve the peple.
    虽然他残疾了,但他仍尽力为人民服务。
    Althugh he is a child, he speaks fluent English.
    → Child as he is, he speaks fluent English.
    虽然他是个孩子,但能讲流利的英语。 (名词单数前不用不定冠词a)
    Thugh he is the shrtest, he is the richest f the three.
    → Shrtest as he is, he is the richest f the three.
    虽然他是三个人中最矮的,却是最富有的。(形容词最高级前去定冠词the)
    (2)动词提前,构成倒装。例如:
    Thugh they searched, they culd nt find anything in the huse.
    → Search as they did , they culd nt find anything in the huse.
    虽然他们搜遍了, 却没在房子里找到任何东西。
    Thugh I failed, I wuld try again.
    → Fail as I did, I wuld try again. 尽管我失败了,但我还要再试。
    Thugh she may try again, she wn't pass it.
    →Try as she may, she wn't pass it. 尽管愿意再试,她还是不会通过的。
    (3)副词提前,构成倒装。例如:
    Thugh he tried hard, he culdn't pass the exam.
    → Hard as he tried, he culdn't pass the exam. 尽管他努力了,他还没有通过考试。
    Thugh I listened attentively, I still culdn't understand what he said at the meeting.
    → Attentively as I listened, I still culdn't understand what he said at the meeting.
    尽管我专心听了,我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。
    Thugh he ran the fastest, he still didn't catch the train.
    → Fastest as he ran, he still didn't catch the train.
    尽管他跑得最快,仍没有赶上火车。(副词最高级前不用定冠词the)
    4.一些习惯说法使用倒装语序。例如:
    Hw ges it with yu 你好吗?
    What care I 管我什么事?
    What matters it 这有什么关系?
    【巧学妙记】顺口溜
    副词开头要倒装,人称代词则如常。
    nly修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装。
    否定意义副连词,即“不……也不”需倒装。
    such代词做表语,引起主谓要倒装。
    nt nly开头句,前一分句须倒装。
    had, were, shuld虚拟句,省略if半倒装。
    【小试牛刀】
    I 将下列句子译成英语的倒装句。
    1. 她这么自私,没有人喜欢她。
    2. 只有在失去自由之后,人们才知道自由的可贵。
    3. 他一点也不了解自己多么幸运。
    4. 现在是我们植树的大好时机。
    5. 任何时候你都不应把个人利益放在首位。
    6. 这就是我们刚接到的电报。
    7. 直到最近我才有点知道导弹是什么样。
    8. 他声音那样大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
    9. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
    10. 他还没有全说完,就有人起来驳斥他的观点。
    答案:
    1. S selfish is she that n ne likes her.
    2. Only when ne lses freedm des ne knw its value.
    3. Little did he realize hw frtunate he was.
    4. Nw is the best time fr us t plant trees.
    5. At n time shuld yu place yur persnal interest first.
    6. Here is the telegram we have just received.
    7. Nt until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.
    8. S ludly did he speak that even peple in the next rm culd hear him.
    9. Often did we warn them nt t d s.
    10. Hardly had he finished when smene rse t refute his views.
    II 把下列句子改为倒装句。
    1. Fllwing the rar, a tiger rushed ut frm amng the bushes.
    2. A tall pliceman std at the far end f the rm.
    3. Quite a number f small hydr-electric pwer statins are scattered in the muntains.
    4. He wuld nt give up writing his satires under any circumstances.
    5. A lasting peace will be established in the area nly if bth sides accept the agreement.
    6. He became cnfused t such a degree that he didn’t knw where he was.
    7. He spke s ludly that even peple in the next rm culd hear him.
    8. I didn’t have any idea what a guided missile was like until recently.
    9. We d nt believe their nice wrks, and we are nt intimidated by their bluster.
    10. A layer f air f unknwn thickness is surrunding the earth.
    11. Yu cannt hear s many languages spken anywhere else in the wrld.
    12. This instrument has never been adequately tested by any prperly qualified technician.
    13. He lked s absurd that everyne stared at him.
    14. She knws little f what ges n behind the scenes.
    15. He agreed t ur plan nly after a lng argument.
    答案:
    II 1. Fllwing the rar, ut rushed a tiger frm amng the bushes.
    2. At the far end f the rm std a tall pliceman.
    3. Scattered in the muntains are quite a number f small hydr-electric pwer statins.
    4. Under n circumstances wuld he give up writing his satires.
    5. Only if bth sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in the area.
    6. T such a degree did he becme cnfused that he didn’t knw where he was.
    7. S ludly did he speak that even peple in the next rm culd hear him.
    8. Nt until recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.
    9. We d nt believe their nice wrks, nr are we intimidated by their bluster.
    10. Surrunding the earth is a layer f air f unknwn thickness.
    11. Nwhere else in the wrld can yu hear s many languages.
    12. By n prperly qualified technician has this instrument ever been adequately tested.
    13. S absurd did he lk that everyne stared at him.
    14. Little des she knw f what ges n behind the scenes.
    15. Only after a lng argument did he agreed t ur plan.

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