中考英语语法讲解课件-祈使句感叹句
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这是一份中考英语语法讲解课件-祈使句感叹句,共54页。PPT课件主要包含了第一部分祈使句,第二部分感叹句,第三部分反义疑问句,其他it作形式主语,第五部分倒装句等内容,欢迎下载使用。
第二十讲 5种特殊句型
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.行为动词原形+其它成分。例如:Make sentences after the mdel.根据例句造句。2. Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Be careful when crssing the street.过马路时要小心。3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。例如:Let him g back nw.让他现在回去吧。
祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Dn’t或Never,一般分为以下三种类型:1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dn’t,构成Dn’t+行为动词原形+其它成分。例如:Dn’t say that again!别再那样说了!2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dn’t,构成Dn’t be+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Dn’t be careless.不要粗心。注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词nt不可置于be之后。3.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用N+名词/V-ing形式结构,表示禁止做某事。例如:NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照!
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或wn’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是形式一致,即Yes与will保持一致;N与wn’t保持一致。二是意思相反,即Yes是不的意思;N是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
--- Dn’t g ut, please. It’s raining heavily utside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have t meet my brther at the airprt. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种:一种以what引导,一种以hw引导。句尾用感叹号“!”通常用感叹号。例:What a clever by he is! 多么聪明的男孩啊!例:Hw clever the by is! 这个男孩多聪明啊!
What引导的感叹句!
what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式: 1. What +a(an) +(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如: What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语! What kind wmen they are! What nice music it is!
由Hw引导的感叹句。 hw用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。 其结构是:Hw+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语! Hw hard the wrker are wrking! Hw clever the girl is! Hw quickly the by is writing! 注意:当hw修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 Hw the runner runs!
what与hw引导的感叹句,可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。 What an interesting stry it is!=Hw interesting the stry is! What a beautiful building it is!=Hw beautiful the building is! 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如: What a nice present!(省略it is) Hw disappinted!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)
前肯后否
前否后肯
Jim is ding his hmewrk, isn’t he?Tm wasn’t watching TV at 8 yesterday, was he?Yu went t Beijing yesterday, didn’t he?Yu knew nthing abut him, did yu?There is little water in the cup, is there?There are a few apples in the bag, aren’t there?
1.Tm is gd at English, isn’t he?2. Mike likes playing basketball, desn’t he?3. I can play basketball, can’t I ?4. My father has been t Beijing twice, hasn’t he ?5. This/that is a table, isn’t it? (these, thse-> they)
反意疑问句特殊情况1,当陈述部分含有little/few/never/hardly/seldm/n/neither/nbdy/nthing,nne等表示否定意义的词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。She has few friends, des she?She has never been there,has she?There was nthing in the bx, was there?Nne f us knws it, d we?
2,当陈述部分否定意义的词如:unhappy, dislike,careless 等含有否定词缀在派生词时,仍按肯定句对待,疑问部分用否定形式。He lks unhappy tday, desn’t he ?The girl dislikes histry ,desn’t she?
3,陈述部分为I think/ believe/ suppse 引导的宾语从句,疑问部分根据从句的情况及整句所表达的肯定或否定意义来完成。I think he is at hme isn’t he?I dn’t believe Tm can succeed, can he ?
4,当陈述部分是there be句型时,There are sme apples. aren’t there?There will be rbts in peple’s hme in the future, wn’t there?5,省略的感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定形式,并用be 的一般现在时。What a clever by, isn’t he?What beautiful girls, aren’t they?
6,祈使句的反意疑问句Please clse the dr, wn’t yu?Dn’t clse the dr, will yu?Let 开头的祈使句Let’s g, shall we?Let us g, will yu?7, 陈述部分是I am..,疑问部分要用 aren‘t I. I’m as tall as yur sister,aren‘t I ?
8,陈述部分有have t +v.原 (had t + v.原),疑问部分常用dn‘t +主语(didn’t +主语)。 We have t get there at eight, dn't we?9,陈述部分若为主从复合句,疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。She said he wuld cme tmrrw, didn’t she?He tld us hw t get t the farm, didn’t he?
前否后肯的反意疑问句如何回答
1.It is a fine day ,isn’t it?Yes, it is. N, it isn’t.2. It isn’t a fine day, is it?Yes(不), it is. N(是的), it isn’t.注意:永远不可能出现yes后面跟否定形式或者n 后面永远不可能跟肯定形式的情况。
第四部分:it的特殊用法
It+is/was+形容词+(fr/f sb.)+动词不定式短语
对于这个句型中究竟用 fr还是用f,一般遵循这样的规则:如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词,如:difficult, easy,hard,imprtant,dangerus等用fr;如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如:kind,gd,nice,clever等则用f。 It is interesting t play with snw in winter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
It’s imprtant fr us t keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
It’s very kind f yu t say s.你这样说真是太好了。
这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词;连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词,如feel等。 It’s a gd habit t get up early and g t bed early.早睡早起是好习惯。
It must be great fun t fly t the mn in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
It feels strange t have a twin sister.有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。
It+is/was+形容词+从句
It is certain that he will cme.他一定会来。
It’s true that he may fall behind the ther students.他真的可能落后于其他同学。
It is strange that he shuld say s.他居然这么说,真是奇怪。
1.It +is /was +ne’s turn(duty,pleasure) +t d sth.意为“该轮到某人做某事(做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事)”。如: It’s yur turn t be n duty tmrrw.明天轮到你值日了。
2.It takes(sb.)sme time t d sth.意为“(某人)花……时间做某事”。如:
It tk me a week t finish reading the bk.我花了一周时间看完这本书。
3.It +cst/csts +sb.+sme mney +t d sth.译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如: It cst me 260 yuan t buy the new watch.我买这块新手表花了260元。
4.It seems /seemed +从句。译为“看起来好像……”,此结构可以转换成“seem +动词不定式”形式。如: It seems that he is ill.=He seems t be ill.看起来他好像病了。
it用作形式宾语的句型为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式/动名词/从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。
He fund it nt easy t learn a freign language well.他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。
We think it n gd reading in bed.我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。
I think it necessary that we have the meeting.我认为开这个会是必要的。
1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。如:There nce lived an ld hunter in the huse. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。There seems t be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众。
2. 副词here, there, nw, then等置于句首(经常与g, cme等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:Here cmes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Nw cmes yur turn. 现在轮到你了。注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:Here they are. 他们在这儿。
3. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用s/ neither/ nr+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如:—I have finished my hmewrk. 我已经做完作业了。—S has he. 他也做完了。—I haven’t seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。—Neither (Nr) have I. 我也没有。
4. nt nly... but als...连接两个并列句,且nt nly置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:Nt nly did he dislike the way we spke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。
1.—Srry,Je. I didn’t mean t...
—Dn’t call me “Je” .I’m Mr. Parker t yu,and ______ yu frget it!
A. d B. didn’t C. did D. dn’t答案:D。2.Turn n the televisin r pen a magazine and yu______ advertisements shwing happy families.
A. will ften see B. ften see C. are ften seeing D. have ften seen答案:A。祈使句,+and yu will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句3.Stand ver there,______ yu’ll be able t see it better.
A. r B. while C.but D. and
答案:祈使句,+and yu will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句
4.—English has a large vcabulary,hasn’t it?
—Yes.______ mre wrds and expressins and yu will find it easier t read and cmmunicate.
A. Knw B. Knwing C. T knw D. Knew答案:A。祈使句,+and yu will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。5.Lse ne hur in the mrning,______yu will be lking fr it the rest f the day.
A. but B. and C. r D. s
答案:B。
祈使句,+and yu will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句
6 ___________bad the weather is!
A Hw B What C What a D Hw a答案:A。7 ______________gd news it is !
A Hw B What a C Hw a D What
答案:D。
8 _____________the sunshine is!
A What a bright B Hw a bright C Hw bright D what bright答案:C。9 ___________ he writes.
A Hw gd B Hw well C What gd D What well答案:B。10 ____________ LiLei runs!
A What fast by B What fast C Hw fast D Hw a fast 答案:C。
11. Few f them hurt themselves in the accident last night,________
A. dn’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. d they答案:C。前面有few表示否定的词,后面的疑问结构用肯定。12. His sister had a bad cugh, ______she?
A. wasn’t B. desn’t C. hadn’t D. didn’t答案:D。前肯后否。
15. The lady culdn’t say a wrd when she saw the snake,________?
A. culd the lady B. culdn’t the lady C. culd she D. culdn’t she答案:C。16. Tina is unhappy nw,________?
A. isn’t she B. is she C. is he D.did she答案:A。有前缀变的否定含义的词前面的句子依然当成肯定句。
13. Jhn can hardly understand any Chinese, _________he?
A. Can’t B. desn’t C. can D. des答案:C。前面有hardly表示否定的词,后面的疑问结构用肯定。14. Dn’t smke in the meeting-rm,_________?
A. d yu B. will yu C. can yu D. culd yu答案:B。前面是祈使句用will yu。
17. Everything will be OK, _____ ?A. will it B. wn’t it C. will they D. wn’t they 解析:B。Everthing做主语,疑问结构中用it。18. He said I was hardwrking, _____?A. did he B. didn’t he C. was I D. wasn’t I 解析:B。主从复合句用主句变附加疑问句。
19. I dn’t think he made things wrse, ______?A. d I B. dn’t I C. did he D. didn’t he答案:C。由I think等引导的从句要看从句来变附加疑问句。20. -Yu’ve never seen dinsaur eggs, have yu ?
--_____. Hw I wish t visit the Dinsaur Wrld.
A. Yes, I have B. N, I haven’t C. Certainly, I have D. Of curse, I haven’t答案:B。
21. I dn’t think ___ difficult fr a Chinese student t master a freign language within five years.
A. that B. it C. t D. very答案:B。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的不定式。22. It is ______f yu t cheat in the exam.
A. dangerus B. difficult C. flish D. kind 答案:C。It is+形容人的形容词+f sb t d sth。
23. ______________ is very clear t everyne that he is rund and tall like a tree.
A. This B. What C. That D. It答案:D。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的that从句。24. ——Ww! Yur T-shirt is s cl. I als want ____ . —— Thanks a lt!A. it B. that C. ne D. this答案:C。It指同类同物,ne指同类不同物。
25. --- I hear yu’ve written anther nvel.
--- Yes. _______ be ut in a mnth r tw.
A. That can B. One may C. It shuld D. The ne will 答案:C。It指同类同物。26. Lk! ________.A. Here the bus cmes B. Here is the bus cmingC. Here cmes the busD. Here the bus is cming.答案:C。Here放句首句子全倒装。
27. She did nt see Smith. ______.A. Neither did I B. Nr didn’t I C. Neither I did D. S didn’t I答案:A。28. ----It was ht yesterday. -----_______.A. It was s B. S was it C. S it was D. S it did答案:C。S it was表示确实如此。
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