人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 2 Cloning课后练习题

这是一份人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 2 Cloning课后练习题，共21页。试卷主要包含了重点词汇，重点短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高二英语同步精品
选修8　
Unit 2 Cloning
一、重点词汇
考点1．differ　v.不同；相异
【教材原句】Think about how they differ. 考虑他们之间的差异。
【例句研读】
(1) Our opinion___ ____ ____ each other's in that respect.
我们的意见在那方面有很大的出入。
(2) The brothers____ ____ ____ their tastes.
他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。
(3) That's where we differ.
那就是我们意见_________。

【归纳拓展】
(1)differ from与……不同
differ in (size, colour, age…)在……方面不同
differ on (about) 对(某问题)持不同意见
differ with 不同意(某人或某种意见)
(2)make a/some/no difference 有/有些/没有作用或影响
be different from…in…在……方面与……不同

【即时巩固】
用in, with, on, from填空。
①The two sides still differ ________ each other over the question of pay.
②The committee differed ________ the question of appointing the next chairman.
③The two brothers differ ________their judgment of this piece of music.
④I think that the desk in the shop differs ________ the one I have at home.
【答案】答案：①with　②on r③ in ④from
考点2．undertake　vt着手；从事；承担；保证，答应

【教材原句】It is a difficult task to undertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。
【例句研读】
(1) Most schools ________programmes of group or individual educational support.
大多数的学校都承担了为团体或个人提供教育支持的项目。
(2) If you __________________， you must be ready to suffer from hardship.
如果你承担这项任务，你就必须做好遇到艰难险阻的准备
【答案】（1）undertake（2）undertake this task
【归纳拓展】
undertake sth　着手/从事/承担某事
undertake to do sth 保证/答应做某事
undertake that… 保证……
undertake responsibility/a task/a projec 承担责任/任务/工程

【即时巩固】
(1) The project _________________________by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.
由那位年轻工程师单独承担的项目最终获得了巨大的成功。
(2) I ____ _____that you can make a profit from the project.
我不能保证你会从这一项目中获得利润。
(3) The director undertook _____ (finish)the job by Wednesday.
主任承诺在周三前完成这项工作。

考点3．objection　n.不赞成；反对；异议
【教材原句】on the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面，多利羊的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对， 对媒体和工作的想象力也产生了极大的影响。
【例句研读】
①She wanted to cut down the hedge，but her neighbour_____.
她想把树篱剪低些，可是邻居不同意。
②I ____that he was too young for the job.
我反对的理由是因为他太年轻，不适合做那件工作。
③I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.
我_____该项计划，理由是花费太大。
【答案】①objected　②objected　③反对
【归纳拓展】
(1)raise an objection 提出异议
have an objection to 反对
an objection to 反对
(2)object to sb/sth 反对某人/某事
object to doing sth 反对做某事
object that… 反对……

【温馨提示】
(1)object to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
(2)object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语不需加介词to。 be opposed to…表示“反对……，和……相反”。
【即时巩固】
①Provided that________________________， we shall hold the meeting here.
如果没有异议，我们就在这里开会。
②I objected to____( treat) like this.
受到这样的待遇，我表示抗议。
③He objected to ________ (go) hiking on a foggy day.
④I'm opposed to build a factory near my village.(改错)

考点4．obtain vt.获得；赢得
【教材原句】Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves obtain their ambitions.
尽管在目前用于克隆研究的人类的卵细胞和胚胎很难得到，报纸报道了(某些)存心不良的领导人为了实现野心希望克隆自己。
【例句研读】
①Where can I ___a copy of her latest book?
在哪里能买到她最新出版的书？
②He always manages to obtain what he wants.
他总是有办法____他想要的东西。
【答案】①obtain ②得到
　
【归纳拓展】
obtain knowledge/one's degree获得知识/学位
obtain sb. sth./obtain sth. for sb.给某人带来……
【即时巩固】
①He ________ (obtain) his degree at the age of thirty.
②Where can I__________?我在哪里能买到这本书?
③Such information___ ____ ___ ____ the Internet.
这种信息从互联网上很容易获得。
答案：①obtained ②obtain the book　③is easily obtained from
考点5．forbid　vt. 禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍
【教材原句】Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.有些政府开始改革司法制度，命令禁止克隆人的研究。
【例句研读】
①Please note that food and fruit ___ ___-in the library, but you are allowed to
have drinks and sweets with you.
请注意，图书馆禁止带食物和水果，但是允许携带 饮料和甜点。
②My father________________ play computer games unless I finish all my homework.
除非我做完所有作业，否则爸爸不准我玩电脑游戏。

【归纳拓展】
forbidden adj. 禁止的
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事
It's forbidden to do sth. 做某事是被禁止的
【温馨提示】
　 forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事；forbid sth/doing sth禁止(做)某事。它们只是结构上有区别，前者是接不定式作宾语补足语，后者是这个词后接非谓语动词作宾语时只能接动名词，它们在含义上其实并没有多大区别。类似的动词还有allow, permit, advise等。
【即时巩固】
①Orders are issued that photos__________________by visitors in the museum.
博物馆有规定，禁止游客拍照。
②Smoking_____(forbid) in this office.
③I forbid you ___ (tell ) anyone.
④The law forbids ___ (smoke) in the public buildings.
②The delay might actually work ________ our favour.
答案：①(should)be forbidden ②is forbidden　③to tell ④smoking
考点6．owe　vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
【教材原句】You owe the lady an apololgy.你必须向这位女士道歉。
【例句研读】
①I___ ___ __ ____. You must have found my attitude very annoying.
我应该向你道歉。你一定觉得我的态度很恶劣吧
②He owed ________ to his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.
他的发音很好，他把这一点归功于他的第一位英语老师。
③________________bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving?
是由于天气恶劣，他们才不得不改变离开的时间的吗？

【归纳拓展】
(1)owe…to…　把……归功于……
owe thanks to sb 感谢某人
owe it to sb that… 多亏某人……
owe sb sth ＝ owe sth to sb 欠某人某物；把……归功于某人
(2)owing to＝because of 幸亏，由于，因为

【温馨提示】
如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如：
He owes it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.他恢复得很好，他把这归功于医生的关怀。
【易混辨析】
owing to，because of，due to与thanks to
这一组短语都表示“由于”的意思，在使用时应该注意：
(1) owing to意为“由于，因为”，常用作状语，修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末，与其他成分常用逗号隔开。如：Owing to bad weather, the plane had to change its course.由于天气恶劣，飞机不得不更改航线。
(2)because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中作状语时可置于句首或句末，与其他成分不用逗号 隔开；有时也可以作表语。如：
The children had to stay at home because of a heavy rain.由于一场大雨，孩子们只好待在家里　
3)due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语。作状语时与owing to同义，一般不与其他成分隔开。如：He was injured due to/owing to a car accident.由于一起汽车事故，他受了伤。
此外，be due to do 表示“预定做；约定做；预定要到达或发生”。
(4)thanks to表示“幸亏，多亏”，多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语时，大多放在句首，也可以放在句末。如：
Thanks to your help，I passed the driving test.
幸亏有你的帮助，我才通过了驾照考试。
【即时巩固】
①I________ (欠)you 6800 pounds altogether then.Thanks a lot for your lending me so much.
②I owe my success __ my teacher.
③____(owe) to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.
【答案】①owe　②to 　③owing
考点7．bother　v．打扰，麻烦 n.烦恼；麻烦，不便
【教材原句】However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家梦困扰。
【例句研读】
（1）___ ___Mary while she's reading.
玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。
（2）I don't want to bother you ____my problems.
我不想让你因为我的问题而烦心。
【答案】（1）Don't bother（2）with
【归纳拓展】
bother sb about/with sth　麻烦某人某事
can't be bothered (to do sth) (口语)懒得去做，嫌麻烦而不做
bother to do sth 麻烦去做……(常用于否定句)
have no/much/little bother (in)doing… 做……不费力/很费力/几乎不费力

【即时巩固】①I'm sorry ___ ___you at this time of night.
很抱歉，这么晚了打扰你。
②Could I bother you ___ ___the package to Mr.Miller?
麻烦你把这个包裹交给米勒先生好吗?
③We had a lot of bother ____(find)our way to his house

考点8．strike　vt.& vi.打，击；突然袭击；敲响；报时；给……以(深刻)印象
【教材原句】…proves how the idea stuck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts….证明了这一想法使人们既兴奋又害怕。
【例句研读】
①Drawing back my free hand, I ___the bear as hard as I could for five or six times.
收回我空着的手，我用最大的力气打了那头熊五六
②Americans identify with Obama and believe in him because his words________________________．
美国人认同奥巴马、相信奥巴马，是因为奥巴马的话打动了他们的心。
【答案】①struck　②strike into their hearts
【归纳拓展】
be struck by/with… 被……击中；(引申义)被……打动，迷恋……
It strikes sb that(＝It occurs to sb that)…某人突然想到……
strike…into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心

【即时巩固】
1.Greatly ____________（strike）by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare's writing remains powerful and true.
我被精彩的语言深深打动，思考着莎士比亚的作品居然在今天还是那么有力、真实。
2. 指出strike在句中的不同含义。
①He struck me as a very serious but friendly person._____________________
②A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning.___________________
③At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.___________________
④One cannot but be struck by the enthusiasm of the representatives present.________________

考点9．resist vt. 抵抗；对抗；耐；拒受……的影响
【教材原句】But others will survive and pass on the ability to resist the disease to the next generation.但是另外一些人却能活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
【例句研读】
①I can never____ an ice cream.
我一见到冰淇淋就忍不住想吃。
②I want a kind of glass dish that resists heat.
我想要一种____的玻璃盘。
③She could hardly resist laughing.
她_____笑了。
【答案】① resist② 耐热③忍不住
【归纳拓展】
resist sth.　　　　　　　　　抵制某事
resist doing sth. 抗拒做某事；忍住做某事
can't resist doing sth. 忍不住(禁不住)做某事
resist the temptation to do sth. 抵制住做某事的诱惑

【即时巩固】
(1) I was not strong enough ___ （resist）the offer.
(2) I couldn’t resist ___ (have) a look at her diary.
【答案】(1)to resist (2) having

二、重点短语
考点1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
【教材原句】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
但是，科学家们的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。
【例句研读】
①It took them three years ___ ____ ____their debts.
他们用了三年才还清了债务。
②Her design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last paid off.
她的设计在比赛中获得了一等奖，多年的耐心和艰苦的工作终于________。
【答案】（1）to pay off（2）得到了好的结果
【归纳拓展】
pay sth. off 全部偿还；偿清(债务)
pay sb. for sth.＝pay sth. to sb. for sth.
付钱给某人作为……的费用
pay for sth. 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay back 还钱；报复
pay a price for...为……付出代价


【即时巩固
1.His efforts paid ________ at last.
2.指出pay off在句中的不同含义。
①Did your plan pay off？_______________
②Her debts were not fully paid off until last year.________
③When the building was completed, he paid off the workers._______________
④His hard work in college paid off at last. He has become a famous scientist._______________

考点2．cast down使沮丧/不愉快
【教材原句】Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.
研究克隆的科学家发现多莉的病更容易发生在年老的动物身上，这让他们很沮丧。
【例句研读】
①1)He has been very much ___ ____by his failure in the exam.
他因考试不及格，情绪一直很低落。
②She was cast down at the news of her aunt's death．听到她姑妈去世的消息，她情绪____。
【答案】①cast down ②很低落　
【归纳拓展】
(1)cast down one’s eyes 垂下眼帘
be/feel cast down 感到沮丧
(2)cast away 扔掉，流落某处
cast out 驱逐
cast sb into prison 把某人投进监狱
cast light upon＝throw light on 使……容易理解

cast down 用于被动语态。
【即时巩固】根据语境完成下列有关打电话的句子。
1.He was cast ________ on the disappointing result.
2. 用cast相关短语的适当形式填空。
①Standing timidly before the teacher, the girl ________ her eyes.
②For some months they were ________ on a desert island.
③If she were to give consideration to all kinds of situations, she would ______________ this problem in a new way.

考点3．in vain白费力气；枉费心机
【教材原句】They tried in vain to persuade her to go.
他们极力劝说她去，但枉费了一番口舌。
【例句研读】
①It became obvious that all her complaints were___ ___.
很明显她所有的抱怨都是白费口舌。
②All the doctor's efforts were in vain and the man soon died．医生所有的努力都___，那个人很快就死了。【答案】①in vain　②白费了
【归纳拓展】
a vain attempt/effort徒劳的尝试/努力
in common有共同处；共有；共用
in need缺衣少食的；在贫困中的
in order有秩序地；妥当，适宜
in public公开地
in place在适当的位置
in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)

【即时巩固】
填入适当的介词或副词。
①We walked a couple of blocks, looking ________ vain for a taxi.
②He passed his life___ ____．他虚度了一生。
【答案】①in　②in vain　
考点4．bring back to life 使恢复，使苏醒，使生动
【教材原句】From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs , can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. 不时会有人提议， 克隆技术将有可能使地球上已经消失的动物如恐龙复活。
【例句研读】
①They did all they could to__________.
他们尽一切努力以使他苏醒。
②A great actor can bring a character to life.
一个伟大的演员能让角色______。
③Only by hard work can we bring our hometown back to life.
只有通过辛勤劳动，我们才能使城镇______。

【归纳拓展】
bring about 引起，实现，导致　　
bring back 带回来，拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复
bring down降低，使下降，使倒下
bring out 出版，生产；拿出，取出；说出；使显出，使（意义）明白表达出来
bring up抚养，培养，教育，使成长；呕吐；提出
【即时巩固】
①The city was badly destroyed by an earthquake，and it took years to________(恢复生机).
②Can you try to get them to bring___ the price?
③The photographs brought___ many pleasant memories.
【答案】．①bring everything back to life ②down ③ back
考点5. in favour of 赞成；支持
【教材原句】Is it in favour of cloning or against it?
它是赞成还是反对克隆？
【例句研读】
(1) Are you ___ ___ ___the suggestion?
你支持这项建议吗？
(2) All his family are in favor of his decision to work in the western area after graduation
他的所有家人都_____他毕业以后去西方工作的决定
【答案】(1) in favour of (2) 支持
【归纳拓展】
be in/out of favour(with sb.)＝be in/out of sb.'s favour得到/失去某人的尊重/赞同
in sb. 's favour对某人有利
do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人忙
owe sb. a favour欠某人人情
favour sb. with sth.为某人做某事

【即时巩固】
①My father is ________ favour of my plan.
②Are you____ favour of the plan or __it?
你是赞成这项计划还是反对？
③Could you ___ ___ ___ ____and turn off the light?
请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？

考点6．in good condition 状况很好
【教材原句】The dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition. 渡渡鸟刚刚灭绝，一次它的DNA的状况良好。
【例句研读】
(1) The car has been well maintained and___ ___ ____ .
这辆车保养得好，状况很好。
(2) The house was in poor condition.
这所房子________。
【答案】(1) in good condition (2) 状况糟糕
【归纳拓展】
be in condition 健康状况好；身体条件适合；保存得好
be out of condition 健康状况不好；保存得不好
be in no condition to(身体状况)不适宜
make it a condition that...以……为条件
on condition that 条件是

【即时巩固】
①The temple is well preserved and is still ________ good condition.
②I agree to his suggestion ___ the condition that he drops all charges.

考点7．be bound to(do)一定或注定(做)
【教材原句】Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble?
谁说过制造一个如此像人的机器人一定会带来麻烦？
【例句研读】
(1) You've done so much work that you're ____to pass the exam.
你下了很多工夫，你一定会通过考试。
(2) I feel bound to tell you that you're drinking too much!
我觉得____要跟你说你喝得太多了
【答案】(1) bound (2)一定
【归纳拓展】
be bound up in sth.忙于某事；热衷于某事物
be bound up with sth.与某事物关系密切
be bound for...去；准备去……

【即时巩固】
He is bound ________ (win) the game.
【答案】：to win
三 经典句型
考点1. The fact that…
【教材原句】The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
她看来是在正常地成长着，这个事实非常令人鼓舞。
【句法分析】
本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句，用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。引导词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, which, what；连接副词where, when, why, how等。
【温馨提示】
使用同位语从句要注意以下两点：
(1)同位语从句在句中的位置。
一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用于说明该名词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。如：
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上
(2)同位语从句的语气。
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议，要求，命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。如：
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.主席提出建议，应采纳新规则。
【例句研读】
①There's a feeling in me that we'll meet again.
我有一种感觉，我们会再见面。
②The news that he passed away made me sad.
【考点聚焦】同位语从句
【即时巩固】
①The idea____ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音，这一想法使许多人感到惊奇。
②The government gave the order ___________in three weeks. (pull down)
政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要被拆掉。
③ The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
④The question ________ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.

考点2. based on…根据……
【教材原句】Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than
10，000 years.
就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些灭绝了一万年以上的动物。
【句法分析】 based on是过去分词短语作状语。类似短语还有：worried/concerned about对……感到担忧；satisfied with对……感到满意；surrounded by被……包围；faced with面对……。
【例句研读】
Based on what was shown on the survey, we can make a better understanding about the things that we have done to nature.根据调查所示，我们可以更好地理解我们对大自然所做的一切。
Faced with the difficulty, we won’t give up.
【考点聚焦】done 短语做状语
【即时巩固】
①__________ (concern)about his own safety, Peter put a card on the back of his car reading “Caution—Newly Licensed”．
彼得担心自己的安全，在他的车后贴了一个卡片，写着“小心——刚获驾照”。
②The duchess arrived, _______________ (surround)by her retinue of servants.公爵夫人在大批随行人员的簇拥下到达了。

考点3. whether引导宾语从句
【教材原句】However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
然而科学家们仍然对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类，以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。
【句法分析】句中whether是连词，引导从句作动词或介词的宾语，还可以连接主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
【例句研读】
①Whether the meeting will be held is still a question.(主语从句放于句首)
是否要举行会议仍然是一个问题。
②It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句尾)
他是否会来这儿现在还不清楚
③The question is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)
问题是是否要举行会议。
④I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
我不知道是否要举行会议。
⑤It depends on whether you can do the work well.
那要取决于你是否能把这项工作做好。
【拓展归纳】
whether与if的区别：
(1)在宾语从句中、be＋形容词之后、it作形式主语的句型中if和whether可通用。
(2)在宾语从句中与or not连用只能使用whether，引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、用在介词之后时只能用whether。
【考点聚焦】whether 引导的宾语从句
【即时巩固】
①He was not sure ________ the manager's answer was right.
②________ he can pass the exam is not certain.

考点4 . The advantage is that...其优点是……。
【教材原句】The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种抗病能力传给下一代。
【句法分析】本句为中that引导表语从句。
【例句研读】
The advantage is that we have a good command of English.
其优点是我们很好的掌握了英语。
【拓展归纳】
类似的结构还有：
The problem is that...问题是……
The drawback is that...缺点是……
The chance is that...有可能……
There is no chance that没有可能……
【考点聚焦】that引导表语从句
【即时巩固】
①The problem is ________ we can't get the money we need.
②The chance is ________ he will attend this lecture.
③My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
【答案】①that　②that ③that　
语法
一． 同位语
1.概念
同位语是句子成分的一种。 它位于名词，代词后面， 说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语来充当。
2 用法
1）由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。
　　Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
　　我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。　(Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人。)
2）如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
　　He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
　　他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
(brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。)
3）同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
二、同位语从句
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。

二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。

【即时巩固】
语篇填空(用适当的引导词填空)
It was reported __1__ there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning. No one saw __2__ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. __3__ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about __4__ the driver was guilty. __5__ the police should do now is __6__ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because __7__ the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was __8__ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn't admit the fact __9__ he was overspeed driving at the turning. The police doubted __10__ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
答案与解析
1．that　“It be＋过去分词＋that”为固定句式，其中 it 为形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语。
2．what　what 引导宾语从句作 saw 的宾语，从句中缺少主语且表示事物，故用 what 引导。
3．Who　“__3__ will be responsible for the accident”为主语从句，该从句中缺少主语且表示“人”，故用 who 引导。
4．whether　根据题干中的 uncertain 可知设空处表示“是否”，介词后不能由 if 来引导宾语从句，所以此处应用 whether。
5．What　what 引导主语从句，在从句中作 do 的宾语。
6．that　“__6__ they must find out what led to the accident”为表语从句，该从句中结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用 that 引导。