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初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!综合与测试教学设计
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这是一份初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!综合与测试教学设计，共27页。教案主要包含了教学目标，教学重难点，教学步骤等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 语言知识目标
基本词汇：litter, advantage, bttm, fisherman, cal, ugly, cst, wden, plastic, takeaway, bin, shark, fin, methd, cruel. Harmful, chain, ecsystem, industry, law, scientific, affrd, reusable, transprtatin, recycle, napkin, upside, gate, bttle, president, inspiratin, irn, wrk, metal, creativity,
基本词组：be harmful t, at the tp(f sth.), take part in, turn ff, take actin, thrw away, put sth. t gd use, pull… dwn, bring back
基本句型：We’re trying t save the earth!
The river used t be s clean.
The air is badly plluted.
N scientific studies have shwed that shark fins are gd fr health.
We shuld help save the sharks.
2. 技能目标: 能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used t 句型。
3. 情感目标: 有环境危机意识，学会关注环境保护环境。
二、教学重难点：
1. 教学重点：（1）能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used t 句型。
（2）保护环境的措施方法。
2. 教学难点：能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used t 句型。三、教学步骤:
Sectin A 1 (1a-2d)
I. Presentatin
Shw the picture f the earth and tell students the earth is plluted nw.
Fr example: (1) The factries that burn cal pllute the air with a lt f black smke.
(2) Factries put waste int the river.
(3) Peple shuld thrw away litter in the bin.
(4)There are mre cars n the rad.
II. Learning
Here are sme wrds related t different kinds f pllutin. Write them in the bx belw. Then add mre wrds.
nise pllutin air pllutin water pllutin
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
Keys : nise pllutin lud music planes mbile phnes building huses
air pllutin factries smking cars building huses
water pllutin ships rubbish littering factries
III. Listening
1. 1b Listen and cmplete the sentences.
Keys: really dirty rubbish fish litter waste gvernment
clse dwn clean up
2. Listen again and check (√) the sentences yu hear.
1) We culd g fishing in the river.
2) The river was really dirty.
3) The river has always been the nicest river in this twn.
4) We shuld ask the teachers fr help.
Keys: 2 3
IV. Practice
1. Rle-play the cnversatin in 1c.
Mark: The river was dirty. Even the bttm f the river was full f rubbish.
Tny: But it used t be s clean!
Mark: Yes, but peple are thrwing litter int the river.
Tny: Everyne in this twn shuld play a part in cleaning it up!
2. Make cnversatins using the pllutin in 1a.
A: The river has always been the nicest river in this twn.
B: Yes, it used t be s clean.
A: But I was there last weekend and the river was really dirty.
B: What caused the prblem?
A: Peple are thrwing litter int the river.
B: What shuld we d?
A: Factries are als putting waste int the river.
B: Yes, everyne in this twn shuld play a part.
A: We shuld write t the gvernment and ask them t clse dwn the factries.
B: What else can we d?
A: Everyne shuld help t clean up the river.
V. Language pints
1. We’re trying t save the earth! 我们正在竭尽全力拯救地球!
try t d =try ne’s best t d 努力去做某事。
e.g. Every student shuld try t study hard in rder t study in a university.
为了进入大学学习，每个学生都应该努力学习。
2. Here are sme wrds related t different kinds f pllutin.
be related t 与…有关
e.g. I am nt related t him in any way. 我和他无任何关系。
3. Everyne in this twn shuld play a part in cleaning it up!
play a part in 在……方面起作用
e.g. A gd diet plays a large part in helping peple live lnger.
健康的饮食在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用。
play a part 在……中扮演角色
e.g. He was invited t play a part in this TV play.
他被邀请参加这个电视剧的演出。
4. Even the bttm f the river was full f rubbish.
Yes, but peple are thrwing litter int the river.
litter 和 rubbish 都可指“垃圾”，用作不可数名词。
rubbish 指“没用的东西(被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西)”不可回收。
litter 指“(室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)”还可回收
e.g. Thrw the rubbish ut. 把垃圾扔出去。
The rm is full f rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。
Pick up yur litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。
VI. Listening
1. 2a Listen t the interview. Circle the kinds f pllutin that Jasn and Susan talk abut.
A. land pllutin B. air pllutin
C. nise pllutin D. water pllutin
Keys: B A
2. 2b Listen again and cmplete the sentences.
1) The air is badly plluted because there are ___________ n the rad these days.
2) Factries that burn cal als ________ the air with a lt f black smke.
3) There is als t much rubbish and waste. Peple _________________ things every day.
4) Peple are als littering in ______________ like parks. This is turning beautiful places int ugly (丑陋) nes.
Keys: mre cars pllute are thrwing away public places
3. Listen and answer the questins.
1) Wh is the interviewer talking t?
2) What are they talking?
3) What ther prblems d they see?
Keys: Susan and Jasn.
The envirnmental prblems.
There’s t much rubbish and waste in the streets.
VII. Practice (2c)
Use the infrmatin in 2a and 2b t rle-play cnversatins between Jasn and Susan.
Jasn: The air has becme really plluted arund here. I’m getting very wrried.
Susan: Yes, I used t be able t see stars in the sky.
Jasn: The prblem is that…
VIII. Discussin
Ask students what we shuld d t save the earth. Help students answer, turn ff the
lights when yu leave a rm; stp riding in cars; stp using paper twels r napkins; recycle bks and paper.
IX. Reading
1. Read 2d and cmplete the chart.
2. Rle-play the cnversatin.
Interviewer: Jasn and Susan, what are yur ideas fr slving these prblems?
Jasn: Well, t cut dwn air pllutin, we shuld take the bus r subway instead f driving.
Susan: Yeah, r ride a bike. There are ther advantages (优点) f bike riding. It’s gd fr health and it desn’t cst (花费) anything!
Interviewer: Great ideas! What abut waste pllutin?
Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag t g shpping can help. I started ding that a year ag.
Jasn: Me, t. Als, I never take wden chpsticks r plastic (塑料) frks when I buy takeaway (外卖食品) fd. I use the nes at hme.
Susan: And remember t thrw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful fr everyne.
Interviewer: S tgether, ur actins can make a difference and lead t a better future!
X. Summary and language pints
1. This is turning beautiful places int ugly nes.
turn… int… 把……变成……
e.g. The icy rain seemed like t turn int snw.
渐渐地冻雨又变成雪花的模样。
2. It’s gd fr health and it desn’t cst anything!
cst v. 花费；使付出
指花费金钱，主语通常是物。cst的过去式和过去分词均为cst。
e.g. The new shirt cst Mr Wang 200 yuan. 王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。
Hw much des the new cmputer cst? 新电脑花了多少钱？
take, spend, pay & cst
take，spend，pay和cst都可以表示“花费”，但它们的用法各有不同。
1) take多表示花费时间，常用于It takes sb. sme time t d sth.这一句型中，其中it作形式主语。
e.g. It usually takes me 40 minutes t ck the dinner.
2) spend多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. spend(s) sme time / mney n sth.和sb. spend(s) sme time / mney (in) ding sth.两种句型。
e.g. David spent 2,000 yuan n the new machine.
My father spends an hur (in) watching the news n TV every day.
3) pay多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. pay(s) sme mney fr sth.句型。
e.g. Tmmy paid 20 yuan fr his breakfast yesterday.
4) cst多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物，常用于sth. cst(s) (sb.) sme mney. 句型。
e.g. The new dress cst Linda 88 yuan.
根据句意用take, spend, pay或cst的适当形式填空。
1) That new car ________ them lts f mney.
2) Mna __________ 50 yuan n the bks just nw.
3) It usually _______ me an hur t d my hmewrk.
4) Yu shuld __________ sme time practising yur prnunciatin.
5) My brther _______ 6, 000 yuan fr the new cmputer yesterday.
Keys cst spent takes spend paid
3. S tgether, ur actins can make a difference and lead t a better future!
make a difference (t…) 表示(对……)产生影响或作用
e.g. D yu think his wrds wuld make any difference t the final decisin?
你认为他的话会对最后的决定产生影响吗？
The new teacher always encurages little Tm. This has made a big difference
t him.
新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。
XI. Exercises
用动词的适当形式填空。
1) We’re trying _______ (save) the earth.
2) There used t_____ (be) clean and beautiful.
3) There are t many ______ fr ________t catch (fish).
4) It’s bad fr envirnment t use _________ (wd) chpsticks.
Keys: t save be fish fishermen wden
XII. Think abut
The earth is badly plluted. Please make a pster and think f what we can d.
XIII. Hmewrk
1. Cpy the new wrds and remember them.
2. Read the listening materials f 1b, 2a.
Sectin A 2 (3a-3c)
I. Revisin
Rle-play 2d.
Translate these sentences int English.
①甚至是河底都满是垃圾。
②这个小镇上的每个人都应该参加打扫。
③骑自行车有其它的优点。
④我买外卖食品从来不拿木筷子和塑料叉子。
II. Lead in
(1) Teacher tells students the earth is badly plluted. What shuld we d t save the earth? Let’s take actin. Fr example:
①Turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm;
②Take buses instead f driving cars
= 3 \* GB3 ③Recycle bks and paper.
(2) There are sme animals are endangered. We shuld d smething t prtect the animals and the envirnment!
III. Discussin
(1) Have yu ever seen a shark?
(2) What d yu knw abut sharks?
IV. Reading
Sharks are endangered, read the passage and judge the sentences.
①Shark’s fin（鱼鳍）sup is famus and expensive all arund the wrld.
②We have t kill a whle shark t get a bwl f shark’s fin sup.
③Peple cut ff sharks’ fins and thrw the sharks back int the cean.
④Sharks are in the bttm f the fd chain in the cean’s ecsystem.
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤WildAid and the WWF are envirnmental prtectin grups in China.
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥Shark’s fin s are gd fr health.
Cmplete the fact sheet in 3a.
V. Practice (3b)
(1) Read the passage and dill in the blanks with the wrds in the bx.
1. Many peple d nt realize they are killing a whle shark ______ they enjy a bwl f shark fin sup.
2. Sharks are at the tp f the fd chain, ____ if their numbers drp, the cean’s ecsystem will be in danger.
3. Many think that sharks are t strng t be endangered, _____ they are wrng.
4. _________ there are n scientific studies t supprt this, a lt f peple believe that shark fins are gd fr health.
5. Sharks may disappear ne day ___ we d nt d smething t stp the sale f shark fins.
(2) Retell the passage accrding t the wrds belw.
shark’s fin sup, in suthern China
each time cut ff n lnger nt nly…but als…
at the tp drp be endangered the strngest arund 70 millin fallen by ver 90 percent WildAid and the WWF develp laws scientific studies
VI. Language pints
1. A shark can n lnger swim and slwly dies. 鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。
n lnger意思是“不再”
e.g. I’m n lnger a student. 我不再是个学生了。
有两个短语和n lnger同义，即nt…any lnger和nt…any mre，但他们侧重的方面不同。
n lnger和nt…any lnger侧重时间。
e.g. He n lnger lives here.= He desn’t live here any lnger.
他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开
了。)
nt…any mre侧重侧重程度和数量
e.g. Yu can drink n mre. = Yu can’t drink any mre.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。)
2. This methd is nt nly cruel, but als harmful t the envirnment.
这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。
nt nly…but als…
用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”; 其中的als有时可以省略。
e.g. 1) She nt nly plays well, but als writes music.
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
2) Nt nly men but als wmen were chsen.
不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
e.g. Nt nly yu but als he has t leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
nt nly放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。
e.g. Nt nly had the pr man been fined, but als he had been sent t prisn.
这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
be harmful t 对… 有害
e.g. Smking is harmful t the health. 吸烟有损健康。
Playing cmputer games much is harmful t students.
电脑游戏玩太多对学生有害。
3. Sharks are at the tp f the fd chain in the cean’s ecsystem.
鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。
at the tp f 在...最高地位; 用最高[最大]的(速度, 声音等)
e.g. I lked at the tp f his head, his hair shiny and parted smthly.
我看他的头顶, 头发光亮, 分得平滑。
He shuted at the tp f his vice in rder that he might be heard.
他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。
4. If their numbers drp t lw, it will bring danger t all cean life.
如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。
此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或lw修饰。
e.g. In that cuntry, the number f children ging t schl is higher in cities than in twns and village.
在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。
常与number搭配的动词有grw, fall等。
e.g. The number f families that wn cars has been grwing quickly recently.
近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。
5. Envirnment prtectin grups arund the wrld, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public abut “finning”.
世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。
1) 句中fin本为名词，指 “鱼鳍”。此句中的finning由动词化的fin（割鲨鱼鳍以获取鱼翅）的-ing形式转化而成，指课文中所陈述的 “猎翅”这一行为。
2) WildAid和WWF组织
WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机构，1999年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救助世界范围内的野生动物；WWF（世界自然基金会）英文全称为Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature，成立于1961年，是享有国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。
VII. Hmewrk
Write 5 measures t prtect the envirnment.
Sectin A 3 (Grammar Fcus-4c)
I. Revisin
1. Check if yu knw these phrases.
① 不同种类的污染 ② 河底
③ 把垃圾扔到河里 ④ 在…中起作用
⑤ 在中国南部 ⑥ 对……有害
⑦ 在……顶部 ⑧ 海洋生态系统
2. Translate these sentences int English.
① 甚至是河底都满是垃圾。
② 这个方法不仅残酷还对环境有害。
③ 鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。
④ 许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。
II. Grammar Fcus
Pay attentin t the sentences.
1) We’re trying t save the earth.
2) The river used t be s clean.
3) The air is badly plluted.
4) N scientific studies have shwn that shark fins are gd fr health.
5) We shuld help save the sharks.
1. 现在进行时: Present Prgressive
定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。
结构: be (am/is/ are) + v.-ing
标志词：Lk, Listen, nw, right nw…
e.g. Lk! The by is crying.
2. used t d与be used t ding
used t d sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。
be used t ding sth. 表示习惯于做某事。
e.g. I used t get up at six ’clck.
Je is used t drinking a cup f cffee every mrning.
3. 被动语态：Passive vice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
e.g. A new schl was built last year.
Our classrm is cleaned every day.
4. 现在完成时: Present Perfect
定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
结构: has/have + 过去分词
标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, fr…
e.g. I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet.
5. 情态动词
1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can (culd), may (might), must, need, shall (shuld), will (wuld)等。
2) 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加nt。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a kala.
Tracy culd ride a bicycle when she was five years ld.
Yu mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerus.
III. Practice
1. Wrk n 4a. Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets.
Je: _____ yu ever ______ (take) part in an envirnmental prject ?
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _________ (cnsider) the biggest clean-up prject this city ____ ever
____ (have).
Je: Hw many peple ____ (take) part?
Eric: I _______ (think) mre than 1,000 peple ______ (cme) t help ut.
Je: That’s fantastic! I guess everyne in this city is ______ (try) t imprve the envirnment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t affrd t ____ (wait) any lnger t take actin!
Learn sme new wrds and expressins.
2. Wrk n 4b. Fill in the blanks with the apprpriate mdal verbs frm the bx. The wrds are:
can, wuld, culd, have t, shuld, must, may/might
Peple __________ think that big things ______ be dne t save the earth. Many frget that saving the earth begins with small things. Fr example, yu ____ save electricity by turning ff the lights when yu leave a rm. Yu ______ als use reusable bags instead f plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that yu nw ______ pay fr plastic bags in sme stres. And instead f driving t schl r wrk, yu __________ ride yur bike r walk. If it’s far, yu __________ take the bus. All these small things ______ add up and becme big things that ______ imprve the envirnment. Let’s take actin nw!
Learn sme new wrds and expressins.
3. Wrk n 4c. Make a list f things that peple can d t help the envirnment and discuss yur list with yur partner.
use public transprtatin (n.交通运输);
turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm;
use reusable bags instead f plastic bags;
ride yur bike r walk t schl r wrk;
stp using paper napkins;
recycle bks and paper
…
4. Discussin.
A: I think that everyne shuld use public transprtatin.
B: I disagree. It’s difficult fr parents with yung children t use public transprtatin…
IV. Language pints
1. We can’t affrd t wait any lnger t take actin!
affrd v. 承担得起；提供, 给予
affrd t d sth. (常与can, be ble t连用) 买得起；有足够的……
e.g. We can’t affrd t pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。
Dancing affrds us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。
2. …save electricity by turning ff the lights when yu leave a rm.
turning ff 关掉
e.g. Please turn the televisin ff befre yu g t bed.
睡觉前请关掉电视。
拓展：turn相关短语
turn arund 转身
turn up 调高（音量）
turn dwn 调低；拒绝
turn int 变成；进入
turn n 打开，发动
turn ff 关掉，关闭
turn ut t be 结果是
turn ver 移交
V. Hmewrk
Finish the exercises in the wrkbk.
Sectin B 1 (1a—2e)
I. Revisin
Rle-play this cnversatin.
A: I think that everyne shuld use public transprtatin.
B: I disagree. It’s difficult fr parents with yung children t use public transprtatin…
A: But we can d ther things. Fr example, we can g t schl n ft.
B: Yu are right. We shuld turn ff the lights when we leave the rm.
II. Leading in
(1) Tell students we shuld d these things t prtect the envirnment.
Turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm;
Stp riding in cars;
Stpping using paper twels r napkins;
Recycle bks and paper.
Turn ff the shwer while yu are washing yur hair.
Yu can help reduce pllutin by putting that sda can in a different bin.
Dn’t use paper napkins.
(2)What can we d t help save the earth? Rank these items frm the easiest (1) t the mst difficult(5). (1a)
______stp riding in cars
______recycle bks and paper
______turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm
______turn ff the shwer while yu are washing yur hair
______dn’t use paper napkins
(3) Cmpare yur answers in 1a with yur partner.
III. Listening 1c&1d
Listen and check (√ ) the things that Julia and Jack talk abut.
Check ( ) the things that Julia is ding nw, the things she will d in the future and the things she wuld never d.
Check the answers with the whle class.
Listen again and answer the questins belw.
①Wh read a bk?
②Wuld Julia turn ff the shwer when she is washing the hair?
③Des Jack live clse t schl?
Get ne student t write the answers n the blackbard.
Keys: Jack.
N, she wuld never d that.
Yes, he des.
IV. Practice
Make a cnversatin using the infrmatin frm the chart in 1c. Say what is true fr yu.
Guessing game
Shw sme pictures t students and get them t guess what these things are made frm.
V. Reading
Use pictures t presentatin the new wrds.
Read the passage and answer the questins belw
①Wh is Amy Hayes?
②Hw many peple are mentined in the passage? Wh are they?
Keys: She is a unusual wman in the UK.
Three. They are Amy Hayes, Jessica Wng and Wang Ta.
Read the passage and cmplete the chart belw.
Keys:
Amy Hayes
windws and drs f ld buildings that have been pulled dwn
an ld bat
rcks
ld glass bttles（n.瓶子）
a huse
Jessica Wng
ld clthes; especially ld jeans
bags
Wang Ta
irn (n. 铁) and ther materials frm ld cars
beautiful art pieces
Read paragraph 2 and answer the questins.
①Did she win an award? What was it frm?
②Where did her windws and drs cme frm?
③What des the sentence “she lives in a huse in the UK that she built herself
ut f rubbish” mean?
Keys:
Yes, she did. It was frm the Help Save Our Planet Sciety.
They came frm ld buildings arund her twn that were pulled dwn.
她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成。
Read paragraph 3 and answer the questins.
①Is Jessica Wng gd at recycling? What des she d?
②Where des she sell her bags?
③What will she write in her bk?
Keys:
Yes, she is. She uses ld clthes that peple dn’t wear anymre t make bags.
Her shp and website.
New ways t use ld clthes.
Read paragraph 4 and answer the questins.
①What des Wang Ta hpe t set up? Why?
②Translate the sentence “Nt nly can the art bring happiness t thers, but it als shws that even cld ,hard irn can be brught back t life with a little creativity .” int Chinese.
Keys:
A “metal art” theme park.
Because he wants t shw peple the imprtance f envirnmental
prtectin.
艺术不但可以给人们带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即使是
冰冷、坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
VI. Language pints
1.D yu ften thrw away things yu dn’t need anymre?
1) thrw away扔掉，丢弃浪费 (机会、优势或好处)
e.g. I never thrw anything away. 我从来不扔任何东西。
2) 错过(机会等)，放过；未能很好利用(机会等)
e.g. Dn’t thrw away this pprtunity. 不要错过这个机会。
3) 浪费(时间、金钱等)乱花(钱等)
e.g. It will be time and mney thrwn away. 这将是浪费时间和金钱。
2. Have yu ever thught abut hw these things can actually be put t gd use?
put sth. t gd use 好好利用
e.g. Yur creative talents can als be put t gd use, if yu can wrk up the
energy. 如果你能让自己精力充沛起来，你的创作才能也能得到很好的发挥。
3. She lives in a huse in the UK that she built herself ut f rubbish.
build/make ... ut f 用……建造/制造
e.g. He built a mdel ship ut f wd. 他用木头造了个模型船。
Sme birds build nests ut f twigs. 一些鸟用小枝筑巢 。
4. The tp f the huse is an ld bat turned upside dwn.
turned upside dwn 意为“被翻转过来的；被颠倒过来的”，做后置定语修饰bat。
e.g. Tny had an upside-dwn map f Britain n his wall.
托尼的墙上倒挂了一张英国地图。
The lid, turned upside dwn, served as a cffee table.
那个盖子被翻过来当作咖啡桌。
5. And the gate in frnt f her huse is made f rcks and ld glass bttles.
be made f和be made frm都表示“由……制成”，但二者的用法有区别。be made f常常表示原材料未发生化学变化，从成品中仍可看出原材料；而be made frm常常表示原材料经过化学变化，从成品中看不出原材料。
e.g. The desks and chairs are made f wd. 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。
This kind f wine is made frm wheat. 这种酒是用小麦制成的。
6. He is knwn fr using irn.
be knwn fr 因……而著名
be knwn as 作为……而著名
be knwn t 对于某人来说是著名的
e.g. He was knwn fr his friendly. 他以友好而著称。
He is knwn t the plice as a thief. 对警察来说是一个小偷。
Zhu Jielun is knwn as a rap singer. 周杰伦是作为一个说唱歌手而出名。
7. Nt nly can the art bring happiness t thers, but it als shws that even cld, hard irn can be brught back t life with a little creativity (n. 创造力).
bring back 恢复；使想起；归还
nt nly ... but (als) ... 表示“不但……而且……”。本句中的nt nly位于句首，其后的主谓要部分倒装，即根据主语的人称和数以及时态的变化，将不同的助动词提到主语前，需要注意的是but (als)后面的主谓不用倒装。例如：
Nt nly did my aunt teach at schl, but (als) she wrte articles fr newspapers.
我阿姨不仅在学校教书而且还给报纸写稿。
VII. Practice 2c and 2d
Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the phrases in the bx.
Amy Hayes lives in the UK. Many f the ld buildings in her neighbrhd were _________________.
All the rubbish and ld things in Amy’s neighbrhd were then
_______________ when Amy built her huse.
3. Amy is very creative. She _______ her frnt gate ___________ rcks and ld glass bttles. She put an ld bat n tp f her huse.
4. Jessica Wng sells her bags in a small shp, but she has als ________ an nline business t sell them.
5. Thugh Jessica’s bags are make frm ld clthes, her bags are ____________ being cute and useful.
6. Wang Ta _________ makes large pieces f metal art that lk like animals r humans, __________ makes smaller pieces fr the hme.
Keys: plled dwn; put t gd use; built ut f; set up; knwn fr; nt nly; but als
(2)Underline the wrds in the passage based n the wrds belw. What are the differences?
think use envirnment
usual recycle build
create special recent
imprtant prtect inspire
keys: think – rethink special – especially
use – reuse, useful recent – recently
usual – unusual envirnment – envirnmental
recycle – recycling imprtant – imprtance
build – building prtect – prtectin
create – creative; creativity inspire – inspiratin
1. Rethink, Reuse, Recycle !
re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下三方面的意义：
1)表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return（回来）recall（回忆，召回）retract（缩回，取回）
2)表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。
例如：rethink（再思考）reuse（再运用）restart（重新开始）recycle
（再利用）
3)表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。
例如：rebel（反叛，谋反）reverse （反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗）
2. She is a mst unusual wman.
un-前缀，常加在形容词、副词、分词、动词和名词之前；第一，表示否定意义。第二，表示“反动作”。即“相反的动作”。
例如： unecnmic不经济的 uncmfrtable不舒服的 unending无尽的 unfrtunate不幸的 unusual不平常的 unkind不仁慈的 unbind解开，释放 uncver揭开……的盖子 unearth由地下掘出 unbuttn 解开钮扣
3. Nthing is a waste if yu have a creative mind.
-ive是形容词后缀 一般表示有的
create ﹢ -ive = creative
4. Amy recently wn a prize frm the Help Save Our Planet Sciety.
recent ﹢-ly = recently形容词加 ly变副词
5. Amy is an inspiratin (n.灵感) t us all.
后缀-tin附在动词后面构成名词
1)当单词最后是t, d, te, de时，变名词加tin或者atin, itin；
2)当单词最后是元音字母时，变名词加sin等。
6. She especially likes t use ld jeans t make handbags.
special 和especial 是同义词，
especially 是especial 的副词。
7. The theme park t shw peple the imprtance f envirnmental prtectin.
imprtance是imprtant的名词。
envirnmental 是envirnment 的形容词形式。
prtect ﹢-in = prtectin
VIII. Discussin 2e
Make a list f things that need t be dne t save the envirnment. Which things can be dne by cmmn peple every day? Which things have t be dne by gvernments and rganizatins? Discuss these with yur grup.
Keys:
Things which can be dne by peple every day:
take yur wn bags when yu g shpping
spend less time in the shwer
turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm
take public transprt rather than drive
avid using air cnditiners
Things which have t be dne by gvernments and rganizatins:
educate the public
ensure that factries get rid f waste in a respnsible way
preserve the frests
preserve endangered species
nt allw activities that seriusly endanger the envirnment
IX. Hmewrk
Survey the students in ur class.
Then take a class vte.
Sectin B 2 (3a-Self Check)
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Revisin
Write dwn these phrases.
停止乘小汽车 回收纸
用纸巾 好好利用
用垃圾建造房 倒置
经营小生意 回复，归还
旧玻璃瓶 拆下
一个有创意的大脑 开一个小店
更受欢迎的作品 给他人带来欢乐
Talk abut 2b with yur partner.
= 2 \* ROMAN II. Presentatin
What shuld we d t save the earth?
Turn ff the lights when we leave a rm.
Take ur wn bags when shpping.
Ride a bike.
Recycle paper.
Dn’t use paper napkins.
What shuld gvernments d t save the earth?
They shuld clse dwn the factries that put waste int the river.
Set up a lt f dustbins n the street.
Stp peple frm using wden chpsticks, plastic bwls and bags.
Organize peple t clean up the streets and rivers.
= 3 \* ROMAN III. Writing
(1) Wrk n 3a. Which parts f the twn/ city have a nice envirnment? Why are they nice? Which parts need t be imprved? Why?
Fill in the chart abut yur city.
(2) Wrk n 3b.
Write a letter t the city majr abut the prblem and yur suggestins.
In yur letter, describe the envirnmental prblems in yur twn/city.
① What are the prblems?
② Where are they?
③ What r wh is causing these prblems?
Then, give suggestins r pssible ways t slve the prblems.
I think that…
We shuld/ culd…
I suggest…
本次写作内容是一封书信,信中首先要介绍你所在城市存在有哪些环境问题，是谁造成的这些问题，然后提出解决这些环境问题的方法和措施，可以结合3a中列举的问题和前面学过的解决办法来完成这封信。
One pssible versin
Dear Sir/ Madam,
Envirnmental prblems are becming mre and mre serius all ver the wrld. With the develpment f the sciety, there are t many cars n the streets in ur city. Cars have made the air unhealthy fr peple t breathe. Black smke and pisnus gas are given ff by factries. Factries als put waste int the river. And wherever we g, we can find rubbish.
Nw mre and mre peple have realized these prblems. I think that gvernments shuld clse dwn the factries and develp laws t stp peple frm driving cars every day. I suggest everyne in this twn shuld help t clean up the river and the streets. We shuld call n everyne in the twn t thrw rubbish in the dustbins.
I hpe the prblem will be slved in the near future and ur hme will becme better and better.
= 4 \* ROMAN IV. Self Check
Write different frms f the wrds. Then add mre t each grup.
v.— n.
pllute --- act --- prtect--- inspire ---
build --- create --- farm --- sing ---
travel--- drive --- run --- write ---
n.— adj.
fame --- wd --- science--- health ---
suth --- care --- rain --- clud---
luck --- help --- clr --- day ---
adj.— n.
sunny --- nisy --- harmful --- beautiful ---
different --- imprtant--- wlen ---
adj.— adv.
slw --- wide --- sudden --- real ---
quick --- true --- pssible--- happy ---
lud --- quiet --- heavy --- easy ---
angry--- gd ---
Match each statement with the grammar structure.
Write ways t cut dwn n these kinds f pllutin.
= 5 \* ROMAN V. Hmewrk
Finish yur passage f 3b.lud music cars rubbish planes littering ships factries smking building huses mbile phnes
What was the prblem?
The river was _____________. Even the bttm (底部) f the river was full f ________. There were n mre ______ fr fishermen (渔民) t catch.
What caused the prblem?
Peple are thrwing _______ int the river. Factries are putting ______ int the river.
Hw shuld the prblem be slved?
We shuld write t the ____________ and ask them t ___________ the factries. Everyne shuld help t __________ the river.
Prblems
Slving prblems
air pllutin
waste pllutin
wden (木头的) chpsticks r plastic frks
rubbish
Where shark fin sup is ppular
Number f sharks caught
and traded every year
Hw much the numbers f
sme kinds f sharks have
fallen in the last 20 t 30
years
Tw envirnmental grups
which are against “finning”
Things Julia and Jack talk abut
Things Julia is ding nw
Things Julia will d in the future
Things Julia wuld never d
___ turning ff the light
___ turning ff the shwer
___ stpping using paper napkins
___ taking yur wn bags
when shpping.
___ nt riding in cars
___ riding a bike
___ recycling paper
Names
What materials did they use?
What did they make?
put t gd use build… ut f
pull dwn （拆下） set up
knwn fr nt nly… but als
D yu…
Names
recycle paper?
turn ff lights in the huse?
…
Gd envirnment
Why
Bad envirnment
Why
Statement
Grammar
The river used t be s clean.
Present prgressive
We have seen many changes in the envirnment.
Mdal verbs
Peple shuld take public transprtatin mre.
Passive vice
The river is plluted by factries.
used t
The air pllutin is getting wrse and wrse.
Present perfect
Kinds f pllutin
Ways t cut dwn
water pllutin
land pllutin
nise pllutin
air pllutin
1. 语言知识目标
基本词汇：litter, advantage, bttm, fisherman, cal, ugly, cst, wden, plastic, takeaway, bin, shark, fin, methd, cruel. Harmful, chain, ecsystem, industry, law, scientific, affrd, reusable, transprtatin, recycle, napkin, upside, gate, bttle, president, inspiratin, irn, wrk, metal, creativity,
基本词组：be harmful t, at the tp(f sth.), take part in, turn ff, take actin, thrw away, put sth. t gd use, pull… dwn, bring back
基本句型：We’re trying t save the earth!
The river used t be s clean.
The air is badly plluted.
N scientific studies have shwed that shark fins are gd fr health.
We shuld help save the sharks.
2. 技能目标: 能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used t 句型。
3. 情感目标: 有环境危机意识，学会关注环境保护环境。
二、教学重难点：
1. 教学重点：（1）能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used t 句型。
（2）保护环境的措施方法。
2. 教学难点：能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used t 句型。三、教学步骤:
Sectin A 1 (1a-2d)
I. Presentatin
Shw the picture f the earth and tell students the earth is plluted nw.
Fr example: (1) The factries that burn cal pllute the air with a lt f black smke.
(2) Factries put waste int the river.
(3) Peple shuld thrw away litter in the bin.
(4)There are mre cars n the rad.
II. Learning
Here are sme wrds related t different kinds f pllutin. Write them in the bx belw. Then add mre wrds.
nise pllutin air pllutin water pllutin
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
Keys : nise pllutin lud music planes mbile phnes building huses
air pllutin factries smking cars building huses
water pllutin ships rubbish littering factries
III. Listening
1. 1b Listen and cmplete the sentences.
Keys: really dirty rubbish fish litter waste gvernment
clse dwn clean up
2. Listen again and check (√) the sentences yu hear.
1) We culd g fishing in the river.
2) The river was really dirty.
3) The river has always been the nicest river in this twn.
4) We shuld ask the teachers fr help.
Keys: 2 3
IV. Practice
1. Rle-play the cnversatin in 1c.
Mark: The river was dirty. Even the bttm f the river was full f rubbish.
Tny: But it used t be s clean!
Mark: Yes, but peple are thrwing litter int the river.
Tny: Everyne in this twn shuld play a part in cleaning it up!
2. Make cnversatins using the pllutin in 1a.
A: The river has always been the nicest river in this twn.
B: Yes, it used t be s clean.
A: But I was there last weekend and the river was really dirty.
B: What caused the prblem?
A: Peple are thrwing litter int the river.
B: What shuld we d?
A: Factries are als putting waste int the river.
B: Yes, everyne in this twn shuld play a part.
A: We shuld write t the gvernment and ask them t clse dwn the factries.
B: What else can we d?
A: Everyne shuld help t clean up the river.
V. Language pints
1. We’re trying t save the earth! 我们正在竭尽全力拯救地球!
try t d =try ne’s best t d 努力去做某事。
e.g. Every student shuld try t study hard in rder t study in a university.
为了进入大学学习，每个学生都应该努力学习。
2. Here are sme wrds related t different kinds f pllutin.
be related t 与…有关
e.g. I am nt related t him in any way. 我和他无任何关系。
3. Everyne in this twn shuld play a part in cleaning it up!
play a part in 在……方面起作用
e.g. A gd diet plays a large part in helping peple live lnger.
健康的饮食在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用。
play a part 在……中扮演角色
e.g. He was invited t play a part in this TV play.
他被邀请参加这个电视剧的演出。
4. Even the bttm f the river was full f rubbish.
Yes, but peple are thrwing litter int the river.
litter 和 rubbish 都可指“垃圾”，用作不可数名词。
rubbish 指“没用的东西(被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西)”不可回收。
litter 指“(室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)”还可回收
e.g. Thrw the rubbish ut. 把垃圾扔出去。
The rm is full f rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。
Pick up yur litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。
VI. Listening
1. 2a Listen t the interview. Circle the kinds f pllutin that Jasn and Susan talk abut.
A. land pllutin B. air pllutin
C. nise pllutin D. water pllutin
Keys: B A
2. 2b Listen again and cmplete the sentences.
1) The air is badly plluted because there are ___________ n the rad these days.
2) Factries that burn cal als ________ the air with a lt f black smke.
3) There is als t much rubbish and waste. Peple _________________ things every day.
4) Peple are als littering in ______________ like parks. This is turning beautiful places int ugly (丑陋) nes.
Keys: mre cars pllute are thrwing away public places
3. Listen and answer the questins.
1) Wh is the interviewer talking t?
2) What are they talking?
3) What ther prblems d they see?
Keys: Susan and Jasn.
The envirnmental prblems.
There’s t much rubbish and waste in the streets.
VII. Practice (2c)
Use the infrmatin in 2a and 2b t rle-play cnversatins between Jasn and Susan.
Jasn: The air has becme really plluted arund here. I’m getting very wrried.
Susan: Yes, I used t be able t see stars in the sky.
Jasn: The prblem is that…
VIII. Discussin
Ask students what we shuld d t save the earth. Help students answer, turn ff the
lights when yu leave a rm; stp riding in cars; stp using paper twels r napkins; recycle bks and paper.
IX. Reading
1. Read 2d and cmplete the chart.
2. Rle-play the cnversatin.
Interviewer: Jasn and Susan, what are yur ideas fr slving these prblems?
Jasn: Well, t cut dwn air pllutin, we shuld take the bus r subway instead f driving.
Susan: Yeah, r ride a bike. There are ther advantages (优点) f bike riding. It’s gd fr health and it desn’t cst (花费) anything!
Interviewer: Great ideas! What abut waste pllutin?
Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag t g shpping can help. I started ding that a year ag.
Jasn: Me, t. Als, I never take wden chpsticks r plastic (塑料) frks when I buy takeaway (外卖食品) fd. I use the nes at hme.
Susan: And remember t thrw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful fr everyne.
Interviewer: S tgether, ur actins can make a difference and lead t a better future!
X. Summary and language pints
1. This is turning beautiful places int ugly nes.
turn… int… 把……变成……
e.g. The icy rain seemed like t turn int snw.
渐渐地冻雨又变成雪花的模样。
2. It’s gd fr health and it desn’t cst anything!
cst v. 花费；使付出
指花费金钱，主语通常是物。cst的过去式和过去分词均为cst。
e.g. The new shirt cst Mr Wang 200 yuan. 王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。
Hw much des the new cmputer cst? 新电脑花了多少钱？
take, spend, pay & cst
take，spend，pay和cst都可以表示“花费”，但它们的用法各有不同。
1) take多表示花费时间，常用于It takes sb. sme time t d sth.这一句型中，其中it作形式主语。
e.g. It usually takes me 40 minutes t ck the dinner.
2) spend多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. spend(s) sme time / mney n sth.和sb. spend(s) sme time / mney (in) ding sth.两种句型。
e.g. David spent 2,000 yuan n the new machine.
My father spends an hur (in) watching the news n TV every day.
3) pay多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. pay(s) sme mney fr sth.句型。
e.g. Tmmy paid 20 yuan fr his breakfast yesterday.
4) cst多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物，常用于sth. cst(s) (sb.) sme mney. 句型。
e.g. The new dress cst Linda 88 yuan.
根据句意用take, spend, pay或cst的适当形式填空。
1) That new car ________ them lts f mney.
2) Mna __________ 50 yuan n the bks just nw.
3) It usually _______ me an hur t d my hmewrk.
4) Yu shuld __________ sme time practising yur prnunciatin.
5) My brther _______ 6, 000 yuan fr the new cmputer yesterday.
Keys cst spent takes spend paid
3. S tgether, ur actins can make a difference and lead t a better future!
make a difference (t…) 表示(对……)产生影响或作用
e.g. D yu think his wrds wuld make any difference t the final decisin?
你认为他的话会对最后的决定产生影响吗？
The new teacher always encurages little Tm. This has made a big difference
t him.
新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。
XI. Exercises
用动词的适当形式填空。
1) We’re trying _______ (save) the earth.
2) There used t_____ (be) clean and beautiful.
3) There are t many ______ fr ________t catch (fish).
4) It’s bad fr envirnment t use _________ (wd) chpsticks.
Keys: t save be fish fishermen wden
XII. Think abut
The earth is badly plluted. Please make a pster and think f what we can d.
XIII. Hmewrk
1. Cpy the new wrds and remember them.
2. Read the listening materials f 1b, 2a.
Sectin A 2 (3a-3c)
I. Revisin
Rle-play 2d.
Translate these sentences int English.
①甚至是河底都满是垃圾。
②这个小镇上的每个人都应该参加打扫。
③骑自行车有其它的优点。
④我买外卖食品从来不拿木筷子和塑料叉子。
II. Lead in
(1) Teacher tells students the earth is badly plluted. What shuld we d t save the earth? Let’s take actin. Fr example:
①Turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm;
②Take buses instead f driving cars
= 3 \* GB3 ③Recycle bks and paper.
(2) There are sme animals are endangered. We shuld d smething t prtect the animals and the envirnment!
III. Discussin
(1) Have yu ever seen a shark?
(2) What d yu knw abut sharks?
IV. Reading
Sharks are endangered, read the passage and judge the sentences.
①Shark’s fin（鱼鳍）sup is famus and expensive all arund the wrld.
②We have t kill a whle shark t get a bwl f shark’s fin sup.
③Peple cut ff sharks’ fins and thrw the sharks back int the cean.
④Sharks are in the bttm f the fd chain in the cean’s ecsystem.
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤WildAid and the WWF are envirnmental prtectin grups in China.
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥Shark’s fin s are gd fr health.
Cmplete the fact sheet in 3a.
V. Practice (3b)
(1) Read the passage and dill in the blanks with the wrds in the bx.
1. Many peple d nt realize they are killing a whle shark ______ they enjy a bwl f shark fin sup.
2. Sharks are at the tp f the fd chain, ____ if their numbers drp, the cean’s ecsystem will be in danger.
3. Many think that sharks are t strng t be endangered, _____ they are wrng.
4. _________ there are n scientific studies t supprt this, a lt f peple believe that shark fins are gd fr health.
5. Sharks may disappear ne day ___ we d nt d smething t stp the sale f shark fins.
(2) Retell the passage accrding t the wrds belw.
shark’s fin sup, in suthern China
each time cut ff n lnger nt nly…but als…
at the tp drp be endangered the strngest arund 70 millin fallen by ver 90 percent WildAid and the WWF develp laws scientific studies
VI. Language pints
1. A shark can n lnger swim and slwly dies. 鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。
n lnger意思是“不再”
e.g. I’m n lnger a student. 我不再是个学生了。
有两个短语和n lnger同义，即nt…any lnger和nt…any mre，但他们侧重的方面不同。
n lnger和nt…any lnger侧重时间。
e.g. He n lnger lives here.= He desn’t live here any lnger.
他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开
了。)
nt…any mre侧重侧重程度和数量
e.g. Yu can drink n mre. = Yu can’t drink any mre.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。)
2. This methd is nt nly cruel, but als harmful t the envirnment.
这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。
nt nly…but als…
用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”; 其中的als有时可以省略。
e.g. 1) She nt nly plays well, but als writes music.
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
2) Nt nly men but als wmen were chsen.
不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
e.g. Nt nly yu but als he has t leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
nt nly放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。
e.g. Nt nly had the pr man been fined, but als he had been sent t prisn.
这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
be harmful t 对… 有害
e.g. Smking is harmful t the health. 吸烟有损健康。
Playing cmputer games much is harmful t students.
电脑游戏玩太多对学生有害。
3. Sharks are at the tp f the fd chain in the cean’s ecsystem.
鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。
at the tp f 在...最高地位; 用最高[最大]的(速度, 声音等)
e.g. I lked at the tp f his head, his hair shiny and parted smthly.
我看他的头顶, 头发光亮, 分得平滑。
He shuted at the tp f his vice in rder that he might be heard.
他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。
4. If their numbers drp t lw, it will bring danger t all cean life.
如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。
此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或lw修饰。
e.g. In that cuntry, the number f children ging t schl is higher in cities than in twns and village.
在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。
常与number搭配的动词有grw, fall等。
e.g. The number f families that wn cars has been grwing quickly recently.
近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。
5. Envirnment prtectin grups arund the wrld, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public abut “finning”.
世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。
1) 句中fin本为名词，指 “鱼鳍”。此句中的finning由动词化的fin（割鲨鱼鳍以获取鱼翅）的-ing形式转化而成，指课文中所陈述的 “猎翅”这一行为。
2) WildAid和WWF组织
WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机构，1999年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救助世界范围内的野生动物；WWF（世界自然基金会）英文全称为Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature，成立于1961年，是享有国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。
VII. Hmewrk
Write 5 measures t prtect the envirnment.
Sectin A 3 (Grammar Fcus-4c)
I. Revisin
1. Check if yu knw these phrases.
① 不同种类的污染 ② 河底
③ 把垃圾扔到河里 ④ 在…中起作用
⑤ 在中国南部 ⑥ 对……有害
⑦ 在……顶部 ⑧ 海洋生态系统
2. Translate these sentences int English.
① 甚至是河底都满是垃圾。
② 这个方法不仅残酷还对环境有害。
③ 鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。
④ 许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。
II. Grammar Fcus
Pay attentin t the sentences.
1) We’re trying t save the earth.
2) The river used t be s clean.
3) The air is badly plluted.
4) N scientific studies have shwn that shark fins are gd fr health.
5) We shuld help save the sharks.
1. 现在进行时: Present Prgressive
定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。
结构: be (am/is/ are) + v.-ing
标志词：Lk, Listen, nw, right nw…
e.g. Lk! The by is crying.
2. used t d与be used t ding
used t d sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。
be used t ding sth. 表示习惯于做某事。
e.g. I used t get up at six ’clck.
Je is used t drinking a cup f cffee every mrning.
3. 被动语态：Passive vice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
e.g. A new schl was built last year.
Our classrm is cleaned every day.
4. 现在完成时: Present Perfect
定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
结构: has/have + 过去分词
标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, fr…
e.g. I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet.
5. 情态动词
1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can (culd), may (might), must, need, shall (shuld), will (wuld)等。
2) 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加nt。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a kala.
Tracy culd ride a bicycle when she was five years ld.
Yu mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerus.
III. Practice
1. Wrk n 4a. Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets.
Je: _____ yu ever ______ (take) part in an envirnmental prject ?
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _________ (cnsider) the biggest clean-up prject this city ____ ever
____ (have).
Je: Hw many peple ____ (take) part?
Eric: I _______ (think) mre than 1,000 peple ______ (cme) t help ut.
Je: That’s fantastic! I guess everyne in this city is ______ (try) t imprve the envirnment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t affrd t ____ (wait) any lnger t take actin!
Learn sme new wrds and expressins.
2. Wrk n 4b. Fill in the blanks with the apprpriate mdal verbs frm the bx. The wrds are:
can, wuld, culd, have t, shuld, must, may/might
Peple __________ think that big things ______ be dne t save the earth. Many frget that saving the earth begins with small things. Fr example, yu ____ save electricity by turning ff the lights when yu leave a rm. Yu ______ als use reusable bags instead f plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that yu nw ______ pay fr plastic bags in sme stres. And instead f driving t schl r wrk, yu __________ ride yur bike r walk. If it’s far, yu __________ take the bus. All these small things ______ add up and becme big things that ______ imprve the envirnment. Let’s take actin nw!
Learn sme new wrds and expressins.
3. Wrk n 4c. Make a list f things that peple can d t help the envirnment and discuss yur list with yur partner.
use public transprtatin (n.交通运输);
turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm;
use reusable bags instead f plastic bags;
ride yur bike r walk t schl r wrk;
stp using paper napkins;
recycle bks and paper
…
4. Discussin.
A: I think that everyne shuld use public transprtatin.
B: I disagree. It’s difficult fr parents with yung children t use public transprtatin…
IV. Language pints
1. We can’t affrd t wait any lnger t take actin!
affrd v. 承担得起；提供, 给予
affrd t d sth. (常与can, be ble t连用) 买得起；有足够的……
e.g. We can’t affrd t pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。
Dancing affrds us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。
2. …save electricity by turning ff the lights when yu leave a rm.
turning ff 关掉
e.g. Please turn the televisin ff befre yu g t bed.
睡觉前请关掉电视。
拓展：turn相关短语
turn arund 转身
turn up 调高（音量）
turn dwn 调低；拒绝
turn int 变成；进入
turn n 打开，发动
turn ff 关掉，关闭
turn ut t be 结果是
turn ver 移交
V. Hmewrk
Finish the exercises in the wrkbk.
Sectin B 1 (1a—2e)
I. Revisin
Rle-play this cnversatin.
A: I think that everyne shuld use public transprtatin.
B: I disagree. It’s difficult fr parents with yung children t use public transprtatin…
A: But we can d ther things. Fr example, we can g t schl n ft.
B: Yu are right. We shuld turn ff the lights when we leave the rm.
II. Leading in
(1) Tell students we shuld d these things t prtect the envirnment.
Turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm;
Stp riding in cars;
Stpping using paper twels r napkins;
Recycle bks and paper.
Turn ff the shwer while yu are washing yur hair.
Yu can help reduce pllutin by putting that sda can in a different bin.
Dn’t use paper napkins.
(2)What can we d t help save the earth? Rank these items frm the easiest (1) t the mst difficult(5). (1a)
______stp riding in cars
______recycle bks and paper
______turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm
______turn ff the shwer while yu are washing yur hair
______dn’t use paper napkins
(3) Cmpare yur answers in 1a with yur partner.
III. Listening 1c&1d
Listen and check (√ ) the things that Julia and Jack talk abut.
Check ( ) the things that Julia is ding nw, the things she will d in the future and the things she wuld never d.
Check the answers with the whle class.
Listen again and answer the questins belw.
①Wh read a bk?
②Wuld Julia turn ff the shwer when she is washing the hair?
③Des Jack live clse t schl?
Get ne student t write the answers n the blackbard.
Keys: Jack.
N, she wuld never d that.
Yes, he des.
IV. Practice
Make a cnversatin using the infrmatin frm the chart in 1c. Say what is true fr yu.
Guessing game
Shw sme pictures t students and get them t guess what these things are made frm.
V. Reading
Use pictures t presentatin the new wrds.
Read the passage and answer the questins belw
①Wh is Amy Hayes?
②Hw many peple are mentined in the passage? Wh are they?
Keys: She is a unusual wman in the UK.
Three. They are Amy Hayes, Jessica Wng and Wang Ta.
Read the passage and cmplete the chart belw.
Keys:
Amy Hayes
windws and drs f ld buildings that have been pulled dwn
an ld bat
rcks
ld glass bttles（n.瓶子）
a huse
Jessica Wng
ld clthes; especially ld jeans
bags
Wang Ta
irn (n. 铁) and ther materials frm ld cars
beautiful art pieces
Read paragraph 2 and answer the questins.
①Did she win an award? What was it frm?
②Where did her windws and drs cme frm?
③What des the sentence “she lives in a huse in the UK that she built herself
ut f rubbish” mean?
Keys:
Yes, she did. It was frm the Help Save Our Planet Sciety.
They came frm ld buildings arund her twn that were pulled dwn.
她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成。
Read paragraph 3 and answer the questins.
①Is Jessica Wng gd at recycling? What des she d?
②Where des she sell her bags?
③What will she write in her bk?
Keys:
Yes, she is. She uses ld clthes that peple dn’t wear anymre t make bags.
Her shp and website.
New ways t use ld clthes.
Read paragraph 4 and answer the questins.
①What des Wang Ta hpe t set up? Why?
②Translate the sentence “Nt nly can the art bring happiness t thers, but it als shws that even cld ,hard irn can be brught back t life with a little creativity .” int Chinese.
Keys:
A “metal art” theme park.
Because he wants t shw peple the imprtance f envirnmental
prtectin.
艺术不但可以给人们带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即使是
冰冷、坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
VI. Language pints
1.D yu ften thrw away things yu dn’t need anymre?
1) thrw away扔掉，丢弃浪费 (机会、优势或好处)
e.g. I never thrw anything away. 我从来不扔任何东西。
2) 错过(机会等)，放过；未能很好利用(机会等)
e.g. Dn’t thrw away this pprtunity. 不要错过这个机会。
3) 浪费(时间、金钱等)乱花(钱等)
e.g. It will be time and mney thrwn away. 这将是浪费时间和金钱。
2. Have yu ever thught abut hw these things can actually be put t gd use?
put sth. t gd use 好好利用
e.g. Yur creative talents can als be put t gd use, if yu can wrk up the
energy. 如果你能让自己精力充沛起来，你的创作才能也能得到很好的发挥。
3. She lives in a huse in the UK that she built herself ut f rubbish.
build/make ... ut f 用……建造/制造
e.g. He built a mdel ship ut f wd. 他用木头造了个模型船。
Sme birds build nests ut f twigs. 一些鸟用小枝筑巢 。
4. The tp f the huse is an ld bat turned upside dwn.
turned upside dwn 意为“被翻转过来的；被颠倒过来的”，做后置定语修饰bat。
e.g. Tny had an upside-dwn map f Britain n his wall.
托尼的墙上倒挂了一张英国地图。
The lid, turned upside dwn, served as a cffee table.
那个盖子被翻过来当作咖啡桌。
5. And the gate in frnt f her huse is made f rcks and ld glass bttles.
be made f和be made frm都表示“由……制成”，但二者的用法有区别。be made f常常表示原材料未发生化学变化，从成品中仍可看出原材料；而be made frm常常表示原材料经过化学变化，从成品中看不出原材料。
e.g. The desks and chairs are made f wd. 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。
This kind f wine is made frm wheat. 这种酒是用小麦制成的。
6. He is knwn fr using irn.
be knwn fr 因……而著名
be knwn as 作为……而著名
be knwn t 对于某人来说是著名的
e.g. He was knwn fr his friendly. 他以友好而著称。
He is knwn t the plice as a thief. 对警察来说是一个小偷。
Zhu Jielun is knwn as a rap singer. 周杰伦是作为一个说唱歌手而出名。
7. Nt nly can the art bring happiness t thers, but it als shws that even cld, hard irn can be brught back t life with a little creativity (n. 创造力).
bring back 恢复；使想起；归还
nt nly ... but (als) ... 表示“不但……而且……”。本句中的nt nly位于句首，其后的主谓要部分倒装，即根据主语的人称和数以及时态的变化，将不同的助动词提到主语前，需要注意的是but (als)后面的主谓不用倒装。例如：
Nt nly did my aunt teach at schl, but (als) she wrte articles fr newspapers.
我阿姨不仅在学校教书而且还给报纸写稿。
VII. Practice 2c and 2d
Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the phrases in the bx.
Amy Hayes lives in the UK. Many f the ld buildings in her neighbrhd were _________________.
All the rubbish and ld things in Amy’s neighbrhd were then
_______________ when Amy built her huse.
3. Amy is very creative. She _______ her frnt gate ___________ rcks and ld glass bttles. She put an ld bat n tp f her huse.
4. Jessica Wng sells her bags in a small shp, but she has als ________ an nline business t sell them.
5. Thugh Jessica’s bags are make frm ld clthes, her bags are ____________ being cute and useful.
6. Wang Ta _________ makes large pieces f metal art that lk like animals r humans, __________ makes smaller pieces fr the hme.
Keys: plled dwn; put t gd use; built ut f; set up; knwn fr; nt nly; but als
(2)Underline the wrds in the passage based n the wrds belw. What are the differences?
think use envirnment
usual recycle build
create special recent
imprtant prtect inspire
keys: think – rethink special – especially
use – reuse, useful recent – recently
usual – unusual envirnment – envirnmental
recycle – recycling imprtant – imprtance
build – building prtect – prtectin
create – creative; creativity inspire – inspiratin
1. Rethink, Reuse, Recycle !
re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下三方面的意义：
1)表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return（回来）recall（回忆，召回）retract（缩回，取回）
2)表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。
例如：rethink（再思考）reuse（再运用）restart（重新开始）recycle
（再利用）
3)表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。
例如：rebel（反叛，谋反）reverse （反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗）
2. She is a mst unusual wman.
un-前缀，常加在形容词、副词、分词、动词和名词之前；第一，表示否定意义。第二，表示“反动作”。即“相反的动作”。
例如： unecnmic不经济的 uncmfrtable不舒服的 unending无尽的 unfrtunate不幸的 unusual不平常的 unkind不仁慈的 unbind解开，释放 uncver揭开……的盖子 unearth由地下掘出 unbuttn 解开钮扣
3. Nthing is a waste if yu have a creative mind.
-ive是形容词后缀 一般表示有的
create ﹢ -ive = creative
4. Amy recently wn a prize frm the Help Save Our Planet Sciety.
recent ﹢-ly = recently形容词加 ly变副词
5. Amy is an inspiratin (n.灵感) t us all.
后缀-tin附在动词后面构成名词
1)当单词最后是t, d, te, de时，变名词加tin或者atin, itin；
2)当单词最后是元音字母时，变名词加sin等。
6. She especially likes t use ld jeans t make handbags.
special 和especial 是同义词，
especially 是especial 的副词。
7. The theme park t shw peple the imprtance f envirnmental prtectin.
imprtance是imprtant的名词。
envirnmental 是envirnment 的形容词形式。
prtect ﹢-in = prtectin
VIII. Discussin 2e
Make a list f things that need t be dne t save the envirnment. Which things can be dne by cmmn peple every day? Which things have t be dne by gvernments and rganizatins? Discuss these with yur grup.
Keys:
Things which can be dne by peple every day:
take yur wn bags when yu g shpping
spend less time in the shwer
turn ff the lights when yu leave a rm
take public transprt rather than drive
avid using air cnditiners
Things which have t be dne by gvernments and rganizatins:
educate the public
ensure that factries get rid f waste in a respnsible way
preserve the frests
preserve endangered species
nt allw activities that seriusly endanger the envirnment
IX. Hmewrk
Survey the students in ur class.
Then take a class vte.
Sectin B 2 (3a-Self Check)
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Revisin
Write dwn these phrases.
停止乘小汽车 回收纸
用纸巾 好好利用
用垃圾建造房 倒置
经营小生意 回复，归还
旧玻璃瓶 拆下
一个有创意的大脑 开一个小店
更受欢迎的作品 给他人带来欢乐
Talk abut 2b with yur partner.
= 2 \* ROMAN II. Presentatin
What shuld we d t save the earth?
Turn ff the lights when we leave a rm.
Take ur wn bags when shpping.
Ride a bike.
Recycle paper.
Dn’t use paper napkins.
What shuld gvernments d t save the earth?
They shuld clse dwn the factries that put waste int the river.
Set up a lt f dustbins n the street.
Stp peple frm using wden chpsticks, plastic bwls and bags.
Organize peple t clean up the streets and rivers.
= 3 \* ROMAN III. Writing
(1) Wrk n 3a. Which parts f the twn/ city have a nice envirnment? Why are they nice? Which parts need t be imprved? Why?
Fill in the chart abut yur city.
(2) Wrk n 3b.
Write a letter t the city majr abut the prblem and yur suggestins.
In yur letter, describe the envirnmental prblems in yur twn/city.
① What are the prblems?
② Where are they?
③ What r wh is causing these prblems?
Then, give suggestins r pssible ways t slve the prblems.
I think that…
We shuld/ culd…
I suggest…
本次写作内容是一封书信,信中首先要介绍你所在城市存在有哪些环境问题，是谁造成的这些问题，然后提出解决这些环境问题的方法和措施，可以结合3a中列举的问题和前面学过的解决办法来完成这封信。
One pssible versin
Dear Sir/ Madam,
Envirnmental prblems are becming mre and mre serius all ver the wrld. With the develpment f the sciety, there are t many cars n the streets in ur city. Cars have made the air unhealthy fr peple t breathe. Black smke and pisnus gas are given ff by factries. Factries als put waste int the river. And wherever we g, we can find rubbish.
Nw mre and mre peple have realized these prblems. I think that gvernments shuld clse dwn the factries and develp laws t stp peple frm driving cars every day. I suggest everyne in this twn shuld help t clean up the river and the streets. We shuld call n everyne in the twn t thrw rubbish in the dustbins.
I hpe the prblem will be slved in the near future and ur hme will becme better and better.
= 4 \* ROMAN IV. Self Check
Write different frms f the wrds. Then add mre t each grup.
v.— n.
pllute --- act --- prtect--- inspire ---
build --- create --- farm --- sing ---
travel--- drive --- run --- write ---
n.— adj.
fame --- wd --- science--- health ---
suth --- care --- rain --- clud---
luck --- help --- clr --- day ---
adj.— n.
sunny --- nisy --- harmful --- beautiful ---
different --- imprtant--- wlen ---
adj.— adv.
slw --- wide --- sudden --- real ---
quick --- true --- pssible--- happy ---
lud --- quiet --- heavy --- easy ---
angry--- gd ---
Match each statement with the grammar structure.
Write ways t cut dwn n these kinds f pllutin.
= 5 \* ROMAN V. Hmewrk
Finish yur passage f 3b.lud music cars rubbish planes littering ships factries smking building huses mbile phnes
What was the prblem?
The river was _____________. Even the bttm (底部) f the river was full f ________. There were n mre ______ fr fishermen (渔民) t catch.
What caused the prblem?
Peple are thrwing _______ int the river. Factries are putting ______ int the river.
Hw shuld the prblem be slved?
We shuld write t the ____________ and ask them t ___________ the factries. Everyne shuld help t __________ the river.
Prblems
Slving prblems
air pllutin
waste pllutin
wden (木头的) chpsticks r plastic frks
rubbish
Where shark fin sup is ppular
Number f sharks caught
and traded every year
Hw much the numbers f
sme kinds f sharks have
fallen in the last 20 t 30
years
Tw envirnmental grups
which are against “finning”
Things Julia and Jack talk abut
Things Julia is ding nw
Things Julia will d in the future
Things Julia wuld never d
___ turning ff the light
___ turning ff the shwer
___ stpping using paper napkins
___ taking yur wn bags
when shpping.
___ nt riding in cars
___ riding a bike
___ recycling paper
Names
What materials did they use?
What did they make?
put t gd use build… ut f
pull dwn （拆下） set up
knwn fr nt nly… but als
D yu…
Names
recycle paper?
turn ff lights in the huse?
…
Gd envirnment
Why
Bad envirnment
Why
Statement
Grammar
The river used t be s clean.
Present prgressive
We have seen many changes in the envirnment.
Mdal verbs
Peple shuld take public transprtatin mre.
Passive vice
The river is plluted by factries.
used t
The air pllutin is getting wrse and wrse.
Present perfect
Kinds f pllutin
Ways t cut dwn
water pllutin
land pllutin
nise pllutin
air pllutin
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