2021年苏科版数学八年级下册期末复习试卷五(含答案)
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一、选择题
1.下列图形中,既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是( )
- B. C. D.
2.下列各式: ,,,,(x-y)中,是分式的共有( )
A.1个 B.2个 C.3个 D.4个
3.下列式子从左到右变形一定正确的是 ( )
A. = B. = C. = D. =
4.若在实数范围内有意义,则x的取值范围是…( )
A.x≥ B. x≥- C.x> D.x≠
5.下列计算:
(1)(=2,(2)=2,(3)(-2=12,(4)(+)( -)=-1,其中结果正确的个数为 ( )
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
6.一只不透明的袋子中装有4个黑球、2个白球,每个球除颜色外都相同,从中任意摸出3个球,下列事件为必然事件的是( )
A.至少有1个球是黑球 B.至少有1个球是白球
C.至少有2个球是黑球 D.至少有2个球是白球
7.已知P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),P3(x3,y3)是反比例函数y=的图像上三点,且y1<y2<0<y3,则x1,x2,x3的大小关系是 ( )
A. x1<x2<x3 B. x3<x2<x1 C. x2<x1<x3 D. x2<x3<x1
8.关于x的分式方程+5=有增根,则m的值为 ( )
A.5 B.4 C.3 D.1
9.如图,在菱形ABCD中,∠BCD=110°,AB的垂直平分线交对角线AC于点F,E为垂足,连接DF,则∠CDF等于…( )
A.15° B.25° C.45° D.55°
10.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,直线y=x+2与x轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B,将△ABO沿直线AB翻折,点O的对应点C恰好落在双曲线y= (k≠0)上,则k的值为( )
A.-4 B.-2 C. -2 D. -3
二、填空题:
11.若分式 值为0,则x的值为 .
12.若最简二次根式 与是同类二次根式,则a的值为 .
13.若反比例函数y=的图像经过第二、四象限,则k的取值范围是 .
14.关于x的分式方程 +=3的解为正实数,则实数m的取值范围是 .
15.如图,点O是矩形ABCD的对角线AC的中点,OM∥AB交AD于点M,若OM=2,BC=6,则OB的长为 .
16.如图,正方形ABCD的边长为,点G在对角线BD上(不与点B、D重合),GF⊥BC于点F,连接AG,若∠AGF=105°,则线段BG= .
17.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点A的坐标为(1,0),等腰直角三角形ABC的边AB在x轴的正半轴上,∠ABC=90°,点B在点A的右侧,点C在第一象限.将△ABC绕点A逆时针旋转75°,若点C的对应点E恰好落在y轴上,则边AB的长为 .
18.如图,已知点A是一次函数y=x (x≥0)图像上一点,过点A作x轴的垂线,B是上一点(B在A上方),在AB的右侧以AB为斜边作等腰三角形ABC,反比例函数y= (x>0)的图像过点B、C,若△OAB的面积为5,则△ABC的面积是 .
三、解答题
19.计算:(1)×-()+|1-|; (2)(3-2 +)÷;
(3)-; (4)解方程:-=-3.
20.先化简,再求值:÷(x- ),其中x=-1.
21.今年4月23日是第23个“世界读书日”.某校围绕学生日人均阅读时间这一问题,对初二学生进行随机抽样调查.如图是根据调查结果绘制成的统计图(不完整),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:
(1)本次抽样调查的样本容量是多少?
(2)请将条形统计图补充完整.
(3)在扇形统计图中,计算出日人均阅读时间在1~1.5小时对应的圆心角度数.
(4)根据本次抽样调查,试估计我市12000名初二学生中日均阅读时间在0.5~1.5小时的有多少人.
22.如图,在□ABCD中,E、F为对角线BD上的两点,且∠BAE=∠DCF.
求证:BF=DE.
23.如图,方格纸中每个小正方形的边长都是1个单位长度.Rt△ABC的三个顶点A(-2,2),B(0,5),C(0,2).
(1)将△ABC以点C为旋转中心旋转180°,得到△A1B1C,请画出的图形△A1B1C.
(2)平移△ABC,使点A的对应点A2坐标为(-2,-6),请画出平移后对应的△A2B2C2.
(3)请用无刻度的直尺在第一、四象限内画出一个以A1B2为边,面积是7的矩形A1B1EF.(保留作图痕迹,不写作法)
(4)若将△A1B1C绕某一点旋转可得到△A2B2C2,请直接写出旋转中心的坐标.
24.某公司在工程招标时,接到甲、乙两个工程队的投标书.工程领导小组根据甲、乙两队的投标书测算:每施工一天,需付甲工程队工程款1.5万元,付乙工程队工程款1.1万元.甲队单独完成此工程刚好如期完工,乙队单独完成此工程要比规定工期多用5天,若甲、乙两队合作4天,剩下的工程由乙独做也正好如期完工.
(1)求甲、乙两队单独完成此项工程各需要多少天?
(2)由于任务紧迫,公司要求工程至少提前7天完成,问怎样安排甲、乙两个工程队施工所付施工费最少?最少施工费是多少万元?(施工天数不满一天以一天计)
25.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,菱形ABCD的顶点C与原点O重合,点B在y轴的正半轴上,点A在反比例函数y=(k>0,x>0)的图像上,点D的坐标为(2,),设AB所在直线解析式为y=kx+b(a≠0),
(1)求k的值,并根据图像直接写出不等式ax+b>的解集;
(2)若将菱形ABCD沿x轴正方向平移m个单位,
① 当菱形的顶点B落在反比例函数的图像上时,求m的值;
② 在平移中,若反比例函数图像与菱形的边AD始终有交点,求m的取值范围.
26.在矩形ABCD中,AB=4,AD=3,现将纸片折叠,点D的对应点记为点P,折痕为EF(点E、F是折痕与矩形的边的交点),再将纸片还原.
(1)若点P落在矩形ABCD的边AB上(如图1).
① 当点P与点A重合时,∠DEF= °,当点E与点A重合时,∠DEF= °.
② 当点E在AB上时,点F在DC上时(如图2),若AP=,求四边形EPFD的周长.
(2)若点F与点C重合,点E在AD上,线段BA与线段FP交于点M(如图3),当AM=DE时,请求出线段AE的长度.
(3)若点P落在矩形的内部(如图4),且点E、F分别在AD、DC边上,请直接写出AP的最小值.
参考答案
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.D
11.3 12.4 13. 14.
15. 16. 17. 18.
19. (本题满分16分)
解:(1)原式···························································3分
. 4分
(2)原式·····························································3分
4分
(3)原式···························································1分
2分
4分
(4)1) ····························································2分
∴经检验是原方程的增根,原方程无解·····································4分
20. (本题满分4分)
解:原式== ····························································1分
= 2分
当时,原式=== ························································4分
21.(本题满分8分)
解:(1)样本容量是:30÷20%=150;·······································2分
(2)日人均阅读时间在0.5~1小时的人数是:150-30-45=75(人).画图略··········4分
(3)人均阅读时间在1~1.5小时对应的圆心角度数是:360°× =108°;············6分
(4)12000× =9600(人).··················································8分
22. (本题满分8分)
证明:∵□ABCD ∴AB∥CD,AB=CD········································2分
∴∠ABE=∠CDF·························································4分
在△ABE和△DCF中,
∴ △ABE≌△DCF(ASA), ···········································6分
∴BE=DF ··························································7分
∴BE+EF=DF+EF 即BF=DE ···············································8分
23. (本题满分8分)
(1)如图;(2)如图;(3)如图; (4)(0,-2);······················各2分
或
24. (本题满分8分)
解:⑴设甲队单独完成此项工程需x天,则乙队单独完成此项工程需(x+5)天.
由题意,得: ·························································2分
解得:x=20.··························································3分
经检验:x=20是原分式方程的解. ∴(x+5)=25.
答:甲队单独完成此项工程需20天,则乙队单独完成此项工程需25天;··············4分
(2)设甲队施工a天,乙队施工b天,需支付工程费w万元
由题意,得:··························································5分
当a=13,b=9时,w=29.4;当a=12,b=10时,w=29;
当a=11,b=12时,w=29.7;当a=10,b=13时,w=29.3··································7分
∴当甲施工12天,乙施工10天,即在要求的13天内甲队施工12天,乙队施工10天,支付工程费最少为29万元. 8分
25. (本题满分10分)
解:(1)延长AD交x轴于F,由题意得AF⊥x轴
∵点D的坐标为(2,),∴OF=2,DF=,
∴OD=,∴AD=·························································1分
∴点A坐标为(2,4),∴k=xy=2×4=8,······································3分
由图像得解集:;······················································5分
(2)①将菱形ABCD沿x轴正方向平移m个单位, 则平移后B′坐标为(m, ),
因B′落在函数(x>0)的图象上, 则.········································7分
②将菱形ABCD沿x轴正方向平移m个单位,使得点D落在函数(x>0)的图象D′点处, ∴点D′的坐标为 8分
∵点D′在的图象上∴,解得:, ············································9分
∴. 10分
26. (本题满分12分)
(1) ①90,45··························································2分
②设EF与PD交于点O,由折叠知EF垂直平分PD
∴DO=PO,EF⊥PD·······················································3分
∵矩形ABCD ∴DC∥AB ∴∠FDO=∠EPO
∵∠DOF=∠EOP ∴△DOF≌△POE ∴DF=PE
∵DF∥PE ∴四边形DEPF是平行四边形·······································4分
∵EF⊥PD ∴四边形DEPF是菱形············································5分
当AP=时,设菱形边长为x,则,DE=x
在Rt△ADE中,∴·······················································6分
∴ ∴菱形的周长=······················································7分
(2)连接EM,设AE=x
由折叠知PE=DE,∠CDB=∠EPM=90°,CD=CP=4
∵AM=DE ∠A=90° EM=EM
∴Rt△AEM≌Rt△PME(HL) ················································8分
∴AE=PM=x , ∴CM=4-x,BM=AB-AM=AB-DE=4-(3-x)=1+x
在Rt△BCM中,
∴得x=0.6····························································10分
(3) AP的最小值=5-4=1··················································12分.
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