江苏省2020-2021学年上学期高一英语期末解析版试卷精选汇编：阅读理解专题（含解析）

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阅读理解专题
江苏南京市2020_2021学年高一上学期期末学情调研英语试题
第一节（共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The return of the road trip
People are cager to get out of their houses, but not badly enough to get on a plane. The solution? A good old-fashioned road trip. As many states make travel rules less strict, they're encouraging people to move around within their home state to help increase local business. A road trip in one's vehicle allows for a sense of control and you know whose germs(细菌) are in your space.
The prioritization(优先) of cleanliness
Travelers generally expect a clean hotel room when they arrive, and now expectations will be higher than ever. We're about to become concerned with cleanliness to the point that it could become the top priority of hotels, more so than comfortable beds and good service.
Checking list can show whether hosts are practicing strict new clean guidelines, including a24-hour waiting period between bookings.
The new appeal of nature
Travelers will be rightly nervous about crowds and anxious to avoid them That will result in an explosion of visitors to national parks and other places where crowds are less likely to be met with. This could be the start of the golden age of camping，as people want to get outside while keeping social distance.
_______________
Health is at the forefront of everyone's minds these days, and it is safe to say it'll stay therefore a long time yet. Meanwhile, people are sick of being indoors, so tourism is likely to reflect an increasing desire to promote good health while getting outside. Intrepid Travel's CEO James told The Times, "If 2020 proves to be a year we spend a lot of time indoors, 2021 will be about getting outdoors and getting active, with tours centred around things like cycling and hiking."
1. Taking a road trip is encouraged to__________
A. replace a tiring journey by air B. prevent germs from spreading
C. improve drivers' control of the vehicle D. promote local economic development
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Hotels should put comfort in the first place.
B. Travelers should book a room 24 hours ahead.
C. Camping is a good choice to avoid crowds.
D. People tend to get sick after staying long indoors.
3. What is the best title for Paragraph 5?
A. The rise of health tourism
B. The routine of keeping fit
C. The benefit of getting active
D. The importance of health care
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旅游的不同形式以及注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As many states make travel rules less strict, they're encouraging people to move around within their home state to help increase local business.（由于许多州的旅行规定不那么严格，他们鼓励人们在本州内迁徙，以帮助增加当地业务。）”可知，鼓励公路有助于当地经济发展。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This could be the start of the golden age of camping，as people want to get outside while keeping social distance.（这可能是露营黄金时代的开始，因为人们想要外出，同时保持社交距离。）”可知，为避开拥挤，露营是一个不错的选择。故选C项。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Meanwhile, people are sick of being indoors, so tourism is likely to reflect an increasing desire to promote good health while getting outside.（与此同时，人们厌倦了待在室内，所以旅游业很可能反映出人们越来越希望在户外运动的同时促进健康。）”可知，最后一段主要介绍了健康旅游的增长。所以标题为“健康旅游的增长”。故选A项。
B
"We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. ... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth" These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking.
Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humans to last far into the future is to colonize (殖民) other planets. That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible discase, or some other disaster strikes Earth, we would still have a chance. Mars is one of the best choices. NASA, the private company SpaceX，and other organizations all have plans to send humans there. "Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we go out of existence,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said.
But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It's not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.
Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars task would be better spent on more important projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host some life. Human visitors may destroy this life or change the Martian environment forever.
What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay at home?
4. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________
A. provide an explanation B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion D. introduce a topic
5. In Paragraph 2, many experts recommend colonizing Mars in order to ________.
A. protect humans from dying out
B. make Hawking's dream come true
C. seek more space for humans to live in
D. encourage different organizations to compete
6. For what reason are some scientists against colonizing Mars?
A. Out of space, out of mind. B. Money should be well spent.
C. East or west, home is the best. D. One should mind his own business.
7. What’s the author's attitude towards colonizing Mars?
A. Confident. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Supportive.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论人类应该待在地球还是殖民其他星球。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth”（扩张或许是仅存的拯救我们自己的方式。我深信人类需要离开地球。）可知，文章开头就通过Stephen Hawking的话引出话题：离开地球，去其他星球，故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible discase, or some other disaster strikes Earth, we would still have a chance.”（如果一颗小行星或其他的灾难袭击地球，我们通过这种方式，仍将有机会存活。）可知，殖民火星是为了保护人类，以免人类灭绝，故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous.”（反对去其他星球的言论中最普遍的是：太贵和危险。）可知，因为太贵，太危险，所以一些科学家反对殖民火星，故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.”（然而待在地球比在一个新星球上生存更容易，花费更少。）及“moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there.”（搬到新星球会伤害或毁灭那儿已经存在的生命。）可知，作者以客观的角度分析了是否移民火星这个问题，故选C项。
C
Which hand do you use to write your name? Which foot do you use to kick a ball? You probably use the same hand or foot. That's called your dominant side.
About 90 percent of humans are right-handed. Scientists want to know whether other animals also have dominant sides. So they give simple challenges to zoo animals and pets.
At first, chimpanzees（大猩猩） appeared to be left-handed. Dr. Hopkins watched chimpanzees as they went “ants fishing", using sticks to pull ants out. Most of the chimps did the job with their left hand. However, when chimpanzees ate butter from a narrow pipe, they tended to use the left hand to do the easy part (hold the pipe) and a finger on the right hand to do the hard part (reach in for the treat).
Does that mean chimpanzees are left-handed for some tasks and right-handed for others? That's not likely. Dr. Hopkins says the chimps may have used the weaker hand to pull out the ants and the dominant hand to hit the insects and put them in mouths.
But how about other animals? Dr. Wells wondered if cats are right- or left-pawed. At the beginning. he gave the cats the simple task of moving across the floor. The cats showed no preference; they used either paw. Dr. Wells also made the cats perform given movements. The researcher dropped a small fish into a can and wrote down which paw each cat used to fish out the treat. All of the female cats except one used the right paw. For males, 19 out of 21 used the left paw. Dr. Wells tested each cat many times to make sure it really preferred to use one paw instead of the other.
8. In Paragraph 1, the word "dominant" can be replaced by “_______”.
A. gentle B. powerful C. opposite D. unique
9. What can we learn from Dr. Hopkins' research?
A. Chimpanzees use right hands for tough tasks.
B. About 10 percent of humans are left-handed.
C. Chimpanzees get the treat with the weaker hands.
D. Left hands are more important in getting the butter out.
10. Dr. Wells probably agreed that ________.
A. moving across the floor was a challenging task for cats
B. various foods were necessary to carry out a scientific study
C. eats used different paws each time in the repeated tests
D. male and female cats had the opposite choice to get the fish
11. As to "whether other animals also have dominant sides", the two scientists _______.
A. saw eye to eye with each other
B. discovered it was not a simple yes or no
C. raised different animals to seek the truth
D. worked together to perform experiments
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了两位科学家通过做实验想证明是否存在控制动物使用左右手的主导性因素。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。通过文章第一段对“dominant side”的解释“Which hand do you use to write your name? Which foot do you use to kick a ball? You probably use the same hand or foot.（你用哪只手写你的名字？你用哪只脚踢球？你可能用同样的手或脚。）再根据根据第四段“Dr. Hopkins says the chimps may have used the weaker hand to pull out the ants and the dominant hand to hit the insects and put them in mouths.”可知，霍普金斯博士说，黑猩猩可能用较弱的那只手来拉出蚂蚁，用有力量的那只手来击打昆虫，然后把它们放进嘴里。”可知“dominant”可以替换为“powerful”，意为“强有力的”。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, when chimpanzees ate butter from a narrow pipe, they tended to use the left hand to do the easy part (hold the pipe) and a finger on the right hand to do the hard part (reach in for the treat).（然而，当黑猩猩从狭窄的管子里吃黄油时，他们倾向于用左手做容易的部分（握住管子），用右手的一根手指做难的部分（伸手去拿食物）。）”可知黑猩猩用右手做艰难的工作。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“All of the female cats except one used the right paw. For males, 19 out of 21 used the left paw.（除一只外，所有的雌猫都用右爪子。对于雄猫来说，21只中有19只使用左爪子。）”可知雄猫和雌猫抓鱼使用的爪子相反。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“Does that mean chimpanzees are left-handed for some tasks and right-handed for others? That's not likely. Dr. Hopkins says the chimps may have used the weaker hand to pull out the ants and the dominant hand to hit the insects and put them in mouths.（这是否意味着黑猩猩在某些任务上是左撇子，而在其他任务上是右撇子？不太确定。霍普金斯博士说，黑猩猩可能用较弱的手拉出蚂蚁，用占优势的手击打昆虫并把它们放进嘴里。）”以及文章最后一句“Dr. Wells tested each cat many times to make sure it really preferred to use one paw instead of the other.（威尔斯博士对每只猫进行了多次测试，以确保它确实更喜欢用一只爪子而不是另一只爪子。）”可知对于“其他动物是否也有具有主导性因素”，两位科学家认为这不能简单确定是或否的问题。故选B项。
D
Hello! Wait! Don't run away. Yes, I know I am a roach. So, what's wrong with that?
You are speaking to the most successful species on the planet, you know! We've been around for 350 million years!
So what's the secret of our success? Sure, we've had plenty ofenemies. If you're small and full of protein, everything wants to eat you. So what did we do? We got quick, is what. We learned to hide, is what. We can squeeze so flat that we can fit through gap no bigger than a coin. Really! I dare you, try it.
And we never skip a meal! What do we eat? What have you got? Rotting leaves, garbage glue, paper, leather...and if you like to eat dead things, I tell you, the world is your refrigerator! But just don't offer me a cucumber or plastics!
Once humans came along, we went everywhere humans went. In ships, on planes, in camepacks across the desert Roach road trin! We even followed them to space! That's Uncle Anton. He hid on board the A pollo capsule — he was so mad when they just came right back to earth.
You can't have too many roaches. I say. Now there are 4.000 species of us: Asian, American. German... hope you get to meet them all someday.
Some of the family get pretty strange That's Reginald. He thinks if he pretends to be a firefly, birds won't oat him. That's tough old Ant Elo. She worked for some scientists trying to figure out ways to get rid of us ...ha! Poison, radiation, heat, cold…whatever they throw at us, we just get tougher. Bring it on!
Aw, look. that's me just after my 15 brothers and sisters and I hatched （孵化) out from egg case. Yeah. I look pretty much the same. That's another roach wonder — we skip the larva stage(幼虫期).Our eggs hatch all ready to roll! Still pretty cute, though.
Yep, that's how we got to be the most successful species on the planet!
12. What may contribute to a roach's success?
①being flexible ②running like wind
③being full of protein ④raising many babies
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
13. According to Paragraph 5, who is Uncle Anton?
A. A hero. B. A spaceman. C. A roach. D. A traveler.
14. What can we learn about roaches from the article?
A. They can almost roll when they are brought to the world.
B. Their number is coming down thanks to scientists' efforts.
C. Their home is usually equipped with a refrigerator full of foods.
D. They are getting along quite well with other species on the planet.
15. What is the tone of the passage?
A. Pitiful. B. Anxious. C. Serious. D. Humorous.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
本文是记叙文。文章通过蟑螂的视角讲述了蟑螂存活这么多年的原因。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“We got quick, is what. We learned to hide, is what. We can squeeze so flat that we can fit through gap no bigger than a coin.（我们走得很快，就是这样。我们学会了隐藏，是什么。我们可以挤得很平，这样我们就可以穿过一个硬币大小的缝隙。）”可知蟑螂很灵活，并且跑的很快，故①②正确。通过文章第六段“Now there are 4.000 species of us: Asian, American. German.... hope you get to meet them all someday.（现在我们有4000种：亚洲人，美国人。德语。。。。希望有一天你能见到他们。）”可以推知蟑螂繁殖能力强，故④正确，所以正确选项是①②④。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段对于安东叔叔的描写“He hid on board the A pollo capsule — he was so mad when they just came right back to earth.（他躲在波洛太空舱里——当他们刚刚回到地球时，他非常生气）”可以推知，安东叔叔是一只蟑螂。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“That's another roach wonder — we skip the larva stage .Our eggs hatch all ready to roll!（这是另一个蟑螂奇迹——我们跳过了幼虫阶段。我们的卵孵化出来后就可以滚动了！）”可知当蟑螂被带到这个世界上的时候，它们几乎就可以滚动了。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。文章通过蟑螂的口吻讲述了蟑螂存活这么多年的原因，文笔十分幽默。故选D项。
江苏省常州市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分375分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Many of us work hard to achieve a successful career. We spend years in school, and then get a well-paid job that we think will bring us a comfortable life. Then one day we realize that all we seem to do is work and have forgotten how to relax.There's nothing wrong with being ambitious.The problem is that we don't keep a good work-life balance.
Here are some simple activities that can help you find more peace and balance in your life.
Take a warm bath
A warm bath will help you relax physically and mentally. The warm water will relax your muscles and in addition, the environment will help calm your mind and improve your mood.
Go outside
The fresh air and change of scenery can help you clear your mind. In addition, seeing the rest of the world helps you put things into a larger perspective.It helps you see things beyond your own busy lives.
Try meditation
Meditation is a powerful tool to help you relax. Basically, all you have to do is sit quietly for a few minutes and follow your breath. You don't have to do it perfectly,and you don't have to meditate for long periods to get the benefits.
If you want more balance in your life, then make relaxation a part of your daily life. Not only will you feel better, but also you will be more productive and gain more satisfaction from your work and your personal life.
1. What is this article about?
A. What a comfortable life is like.
B. The best ways to enjoy yourself.
C. Activities that you should do for your success.
D. How to live a peaceful and balanced life.
2. Which of the following does the author agree with?
A. People should be relaxed instead of working hard
B. Taking a warm bath is less useful for sportsmen.
C. Going outside can broaden your mind and horizon.
D. The more relaxation you have, the better you will work.
3. What does the underlined word “meditate" most probably mean?
A. think B. sleep C. exercise D. breathe
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以帮助我们在生活中找到更多的平静和平衡的活动。
【1题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Here are some simple activities that can help you find more peace and balance in your life.”（这里有一些简单的活动可以帮助你在生活中找到更多的平静和平衡。）可知，文章是关于如何过一种平静和平衡的生活的。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Go outside小标题下段中“The fresh air and change of scenery can help you clear your mind. In addition, seeing the rest of the world helps you put things into a larger perspective. It helps you see things beyond your own busy lives.”（新鲜的空气和风景的变化可以帮助你清理你的头脑。此外，看待世界的其他部分有助于你从更广阔的角度看待事物，帮助你看到超越自己忙碌生活的事物。）可以推知，作者认为到外面去可以开阔心胸和视野。选项A“人们应该放松而不是努力工作。”和作者“平衡生活”的观点相悖；选项B“洗个热水澡对运动员没什么用处。”和作者“热水澡能身心放松”的观点相悖，选项D“你越放松，你就会工作得越好。”过于极端，不符合作者观点。故选C项。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据Try meditation小标题下第一段中“Meditation is a powerful tool to help you relax.”（冥想是帮助你放松的有力工具。）可知，冥想能帮助放松，再根据划线词句“You don't have to do it perfectly, and you don't have to meditate for long periods to get the benefits.”（你不需要做得很完美，你也不必meditate长时间来获得好处。）可知，前半句中的代词it指的是“冥想”，可以推知划线单词meditate（和meditation同根词）应该是“冥想”的意思，选项A与之意义最为接近。故选A项。
B
Instead of going on a trip or buying herself new clothes:Xiao Tong from Wuhan, Hubei province,chose to celebrate her senior high school graduation in a different way. She went to a beauty clinic to have plastic surgery on her nose."I want to make a good impression and start my university life with a brand-new look,"the 18-year-old told Changjiang Daily.
Like Xiao Tong,many young Chinese are anxious about their looks, and more and more subject themselves to plastic surgery.Young people do it for different reasons,and improving self-confidence is one of them.
Wang Fang,18,from Beijing, felt that her eyes were too small. In 2019,after she got in university,Wang had a minor operation done on her eyelids."Before I had the surgery, I had a negative view of myself.Therefore,I had no confidence,"Wang told Beijing Youth Daily.
But Jiang Wenxiu of the Department of Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University in Jiangsu,advised that people should think twice before going under the knife. ＂Medical beauty apps only show how great plastic surgery can be,"Jiang told China Daily. ＂They leave out all the negative things."
Today beauty clinics are well aware that these young students are mostly short of money,so they use summer discounts, installment plans and other ways to attract their attention.
Xiao Zhen,17,from Chengdu,Sichuan province,is one of the victims. She took out a loan(贷款） of about 20,000 yuan to get plastic surgery.But the large sum of money became a big burden. She had to drop out of school and go to work to pay off the loan.
Besides the financial burden, potential health risks of plastic surgery also need to be considered.
＂If you have big problems with your look, you should wait until you are a full adult, and then decide if you want to do something about it,"Jiang said."Then,with a stable(稳定的）mind,you can consider inner and outer beauty,and whether plastic surgery is for you.”
4. Why does the author mention Xiao Tong in the first paragraph?
A. To explain what plastic surgery is.
B. To praise her bravery to live a different life.
C. To show the popularity of plastic surgery.
D. To introduce a new way to start university.
5. What does Xiao Zhen lose for her surgery?
A. Freedom. B. Education. C. Health. D. Confidence.
6. What is Jiang Wenxiu's attitude towards plastic surgery?
A. Admiring. B. Worried. C. Cautious(谨慎的） D. Satisfied.
7. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Popular plastic surgery.
B. Never take plastic surgery.
C. What makes plastic surgery popular?
D. Show your confidence in plastic surgery.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了整容在年轻人中的流行，同时还列举了一些整容之后的不良后果。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Like Xiao Tong,many young Chinese are anxious about their looks, and more and more subject themselves to plastic surgery.”（像小童一样，很多的年轻人都对自己的外貌很焦虑，越来越多的人让自己去整容），可知，上文提到的小童，只是一个众多整容的年轻人中的一个例子，说明了整容越来越流行。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段后两句，“But the large sum of money became a big burden. She had to drop out of school and go to work to pay off the loan.”（但是这笔钱成为一个很大的负担。她不得不辍学，去工作以偿还贷款），可知，小珍因为贷款整容而失去了受教育的机会。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段，“But Jiang Wenxiu of the Department of Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University in Jiangsu,advised that people should think twice before going under the knife. ＂Medical beauty apps only show how great plastic surgery can be,"Jiang told China Daily. ＂They leave out all the negative things."”（但是，来自江苏东南大学众达医院精神病科的蒋文秀建议，人们在动刀之前要三思。医学上美容的app只是展示了美容手术有可能是什么样的，它们忽略掉所有负面的东西），可知，蒋文秀医生对整容手术室持谨慎的态度的。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Like Xiao Tong,many young Chinese are anxious about their looks, and more and more subject themselves to plastic surgery.”（像小童一样，像小童一样，很多的年轻人都对自己的外貌很焦虑，越来越多的人让自己去整容），本句引出文章主题，整容在年轻人中变得越来越流行，再结合下文，作者列举更多的例子，来证明整容在年轻人群中的受欢迎程度，以及由于整容，给年轻人带来的后果，所以本文主要是围绕整容的流行来展开。短文的最佳标题为“很受欢迎的整形手术”。故选A。
【点睛】
C
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar(农历）divides the year into 24 solar terms(节气）．Start of Winter, the 19th solar term of the year,begins this year on Nov 7 and ends on Nov 21.
Start of Winter is the first solar term of winter,which means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should he stored up.
In ancient times, the Start of Winter was regarded as the beginning of winter, however,due to geographical factors, the actual winter time varies from place to place.
In fact,the Start of Winter is not the beginning of winter in terms of meteorology(气象学）。The weather every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different.And as China is very large, it starts at different times in different areas.
The beginnings of the four seasons were important festivals in ancient times. Before the Start of Winter,the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat.On that day,the emperor would lead his officials to the countryside and"welcome the winter".
People eat dumplings on the beginning of winter. Legend has it that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty,Zhang Zhongjing invented "Jiao Ear"(娇耳）to treat typhoid(伤寒） patients with ear frostbite(冻疮）.He cooked mutton,hot peppers and herbs to drive out the cold and warm up the body.He put these materials into a dough skin and made them into an ear shape.Since then,people have learned to make the food which became known as "dumpling" or jiaozi. Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten.”
8. Which of the following is right about Start of Winter?
A. It is one of the solar terns in Chinese calendar.
B. People begin to harvest crops on this day.
C. Winter begins on November 7 this year.
D. It begins in different months in different places.
9. What does it in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. the Start of Winter
B. the change of weather
C. the important festival
D. the beginning of winter
10. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?
A. Importance of Start of Winter.
B. Customs of Start of Winter.
C. Origin(起源）of Start of Winter.
D. Food eaten on Start of Winter.
11. Why do people eat dumplings on Start of Winter day?
A. Because dumplings can drive away typhoid.
B. Because they wish for good luck for themselves.
C. Because eating dumplings can warm up their ears.
D. Because they want to prevent the coming of winter.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了二十四节气中的立冬节气，解释了立冬节气的含义，时间和人们在立冬时节的风俗习惯。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Start of Winter, the 19th solar term of the year,begins this year on Nov 7 and ends on Nov 21.”（立冬是一年中的第19个节气，今年立冬节气开始于11月7号，结束于11月21号）可知，立冬是二十四节气中的一个。故选A。
【9题详解】
代词指代词。根据上一句话，“The weather every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different.”（每年的天气是不一样的，所以冬天的开始也可能是不一样的），再跟据代词的指代原则，“代词指代上句出现的人，物或事”，可知，本句的it代指上一句中的the beginning of winter。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段，“Before the Start of Winter,the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat.On that day,the emperor would lead his officials to the countryside and"welcome the winter"”（在立冬之前，古代的皇帝会洗澡，戒肉。在当天，皇帝会带领他的官员们来到乡村迎接冬天），以及最后一段，“He cooked mutton,hot peppers and herbs to drive out the cold and warm up the body.”（他会炖羊肉，辣椒和草药来驱赶寒冷，温暖身体），可知，文章后两段主要在讲古代的时候，在立冬节气人们的一些习俗。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten.””（今天仍然有谚语，“立冬时节吃饺子，否则耳朵冻下来”）可知，现在的生活条件提高了，人们吃饺子不再只是为了驱寒，而是是带着一种对自己的美好愿望。故选B。
【点睛】
D
A Chinese TV play,The Long Night has enjoyed great popularity, getting a high score of 9.2/10 on Douban. Viewers all spoke highly of this drama, saying it is even better than the original work.

As TV series such as The Bad Kids, Nothing but Thirty and Horizon Tower are still popular, netizens become excited and think that domestic(国内的）dramas are worthy of being followed. The Long Night, for example, makes people realize that everything can be easily imitated and copied except the understanding and search for aesthetics(美）. Imitated or copied dramas often have no soul.
However,quite a few Chinese dramas prefer repeating or copying the content and theme in other dramas or their own ones.
Daylight Entertainment produced Ode to Joy(欢乐颂） to reveal the happiness and sadness of city beauties,receiving many positive comments.However, after the reproduction of Ode to Joy 2,All Is Well,and If There's No Tomorrow,it was criticized by professionals and audience for stereotypical(刻板的）creation:"Pile up the hopes of one hundred people onto one person the hero looks just like a live complaining post in the forum,and other characters are tools to hunt him."
Twenty Your Life On and Nothing but Thirty give the audience an impression that they are completely "coming from the trending topics and living on the trending topics". One viewer commented "I am guessing the next plays will be Forty to Know the Mandate of Heaven,Fifty to Move on,and Sixty Still Young".
Taking a closer look at the works that have earned a place in the history of Chinese drama none of them is a copy or copycat. Besides, they are too good to be followed.
Now,many Chinese dramas are noticeably turning themselves back to the right track. Hopefully,a good drama will not be followed by a group of twins or siblings.
12. What does the author mainly want to do?
A. To introduce a number of TV plays.
B. To explain the process of drama producing.
C. To welcome a new trend in domestic dramas.
D. To encourage readers to watch more Chinese plays.
13. What is the function of the paragraph 4?
A. Presenting a new point of view.
B. Leading in a new topic.
C. Supporting a point of view.
D. Making a conclusion.
14. Which of the following is on the right track mentioned in the last paragraph according to the author?
A. The Long Night
B. If There's No Tomorrow
C. Nothing but Thirty
D. Sixty Still Young
15. On what basis should Chinese domestic dramas be improved according to the author?
A. imitation B. impression C. popularity D. creativity
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国国产的电视剧复制和模仿某些好剧的现象很严重，并呼吁国产电视剧能够有自己的创新，而不是一味地模仿某些好剧。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Taking a closer look at the works that have earned a place in the history of Chinese drama none of them is a copy or copycat.（仔细看看那些在中国电视剧史上占有一席之地的作品，它们都不是复制品或山寨品）”以及最后一段 “Now, many Chinese dramas are noticeably turning themselves back to the right track. Hopefully, a good drama will not be followed by a group of twins or siblings. （如今，许多中国电视剧显然正在重回正轨。希望一部好剧不会出现一群双胞胎或兄弟姐妹）”可知，作者认为好的电视剧作品不应是去复制或模仿好剧，他希望一部好剧将不会出现一群模仿者。由此可推断作者的意图是期待国产剧的新趋势，新改变。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“However, quite a few Chinese dramas prefer repeating or copying the content and theme in other dramas or their own ones.（然而，相当一部分中国电视剧倾向于重复或复制其他电视剧或自己的电视剧的内容和主题。）”以及第四段“ However, after the reproduction of Ode to Joy 2, All Is Well, and If There's No Tomorrow, it was criticized by professionals and audience for stereotypical(刻板的）creation（然而，在《欢乐颂2》，《都挺好》，《我是余欢水》等复制剧播出之后，日光娱乐就被专业人士和观众批评为刻板的创作）”可知，文章第四段主要是举例来说明、支持第三段“相当一部分中国戏剧喜欢重复或复制其他戏剧或自己的戏剧的内容和主题”的观点。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Now, many Chinese dramas are noticeably turning themselves back to the right track. Hopefully, a good drama will not be followed by a group of twins or siblings.（现在，许多中国电视剧明显地回到了正轨。希望一部好剧之后，不会出现一群双胞胎或兄弟姐妹）”可知，国产电视剧重回正轨（the right track）指一部好剧之后，不会出现一群模仿者，也就是好的电视剧要原创，有自己的独特性，而不是一味模仿好剧。再结合第二段“The Long Night, for example, makes people realize that everything can be easily imitated and copied except the understanding and search for aesthetics（例如，《沉默的真相》使人们意识到，除了对美学的理解和追求之外，一切都可以很容易地模仿和复制）”可知，《沉默的真相》这部剧有着对美学的理解和追求，有自己的特色，并非一味复制其他的作品。由此可推断A项表述符合“the right track”的说法，符合题意。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Imitated or copied dramas often have no soul.（模仿或抄袭的电视剧往往没有灵魂）”及倒数第二段“Taking a closer look at the works that have earned a place in the history of Chinese drama none of them is a copy or copycat.（仔细看看那些在中国电视剧史上赢得一席之地的作品，它们没有一个是复制品或山寨品）”可知，好剧不是通过复制或抄袭得来的，由此可推测作者认为中国国产剧应该在创造性上有所改进。故选D项。
江苏省苏州市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末学业质量阳光指标调研英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A




Jiu Zhaigou National Park
Location: in the north of Sichuan
Famous for: green lakes,waterfalls, Colorful forests,snow peaks, Tibetan customs and blue ice, UNESCO World Heritage Site
Best time to visit: from June To September.
Huangshan Mount
Location: in the south of Anhui
Famous for: unique guest-greeting pines, absurd stones, sea of clouds and amazing hot springs
Abundant in: natural resources and various species, for which it has been listed as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site.
Best time to visit: Different seasons around a year witness various and unique beauty.
Yungang Grottoes
Location: in the south Datong,Shanxi
Reasons to visit:Listed among top 4 grottoes in China, one of UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is said to be the best preserved Buddhist cave art in China with 53 caves containing over 51,000 Stone carvings of Buddha and Buddhist dating from the 5th and 6th centuries.
Best time to visit: summer and autumn for cool weather.
Suzhou Classical Gardens
Location: in the downtown area of Suzhou,Jiangsu
Reasons to visit: Listed as a World Heritage Site in 1997,the gardens of Suzhou represent the Development Chinese landscape garden design ove more than 2000 years, including three most featured gardens in Suzhou:
Humble Administrator's Garden, Master of the Nets Garden and Lingering Garden.
Best time to visit: all year around.

1. What is Huangshan Mount well known for?
A. Unique waterfalls B. Snow-covered peaks
C. Ancient culture and art D. Beautiful natural scenery.
2. What is the common feature the four attractions share?
A. Being far from city.
B. Being a man-made wonder.
C. Being rich in natural resources
D. Being a UNESCO World Heritage Site
3. Which place do you advise Roger to visit, a British student interested in cave art?
A. Yungang Grottoes B. Huangshan Mount
C. Suzhou Classical Gardens D. Jiu Zhaigou National Park
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，从旅游角度介绍了中国4个著名的名胜古迹：九寨沟、黄山、云冈石窟和苏州园林。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第二部分“Famous for: unique guest-greeting pines, absurd stones, sea of clouds and amazing hot springs” 著名的:独特的迎客松，荒谬的石头，云海和神奇的温泉。可知，黄山以独特的迎宾松、荒诞的石头、云海和温泉而闻名，有丰富的自然资源和和各种各样的物种，一年中不同的季节见证着不同而独特的美景，故黄山以美丽的自然风光闻名，ABC都未在黄山提及。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。每个小标题下都有提及它们都是World Heritage Site，A项在原文中并未提及，B项黄山不是人造风光，C项只有黄山提及。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三部分“it is said to be the best preserved Buddhist cave art in China”（据说它是中国保存最好的佛教洞穴艺术。）云冈石窟下直接提到洞穴艺术，cave art原词重现。故选A项。
B
I'd gone snowboarding with my brother,and what we lacked in skill.we made up for in enthusiasm(热情）.That day,fresh snow falling, we were in high·spirits. I let my brother disappear into the trees ahead, figuring I would soon catch up.
I began to pick up speed when suddenly thrown off balance and then ran into a large tree.
It was like hitting a wall. I knew immediately that.my back was broken and quickly realized the situation was serious.Nobody would be coming past. There was no phone signal. It was snowing and cold. If I waited, I would probably be saved in the end. But the chance of freezing（冻）to death before that happened was too high for me to risk staying put.
I tried to stand but fell down with great pain. I managed to get the board off from my.feet and moved it under my stomach so İ was lying on it. I faced down the mountain and used the board to slowly slide my body down the tree-lined slope·(斜坡）.
It took about two hours before a skier found me. The rescue team came,with my brother arriving shortly afterwards.
A helicopter (直升机）took me to hospital. I had broken one of my backbones,so I had an operation.The lasting pain was unbearable, but it wasn’t as bad as seeing the pain and worry I put my family through.
The recovering road was tough , but I was lucky . Gradually, I was able to walk, then swim, then then cycle and run. I haven't been back to the slopes yet, but it might happen someday. Anyway,enthusiasm remains for ever.
4. What led to the accident that happened to the writer?
A. Losing balance when speeding up.
B. Suffering from the cold weather.
C. Losing sight of his brother.
D. Seeing nobody coming past.
5. What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 3?
A. I was unable to move with coldness.
B. I couldn't stand the great pain in my back.
C. Staying there waiting,I would die of coldness.
D. If I stayed there waiting, I would probably be saved.
6. How did the writer feel about his parents' worry over him?
A. Eager. B. Sorry. C. Confused D. Relaxed
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A He will recover fully without any difficulty.
B. He will develop interest in other sports.
C. He will avoid going snowboarding again.
D. He will stay enthusiastic about snowboarding.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在滑雪时意外受伤、获救和康复的经历。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“I began to pick up speed when suddenly thrown off balance and then ran into a large tree.”（ 我开始加速，突然失去平衡，然后撞上了一棵大树）可知，当作者开始加速时突然失去平衡，然后撞上一棵大树，故选A项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Nobody would be coming past. There was no phone signal. It was snowing and cold. If I waited, I would probably be saved in the end. （没有人会经过。没有电话信号。外面下着雪，很冷。如果我等待，我可能最终会得救）可知，此处描写了作者受伤后进退两难的处境，转折连词But表明如果作者在原地等待救援，他可能最终会得救， 但那么冷的天自己可能没等获救就被冻死了，由此可知画线句的意思是“在那里等待救援，我会被冻死的”，故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“The lasting pain was unbearable, but it wasn’t as bad as seeing the pain and worry I put my family through.”（ 持续的痛苦是难以忍受的，但这并不像看到我让我的家人经历的痛苦和担忧那么糟糕）可知，手术带来的持久痛苦是无法忍受的，但是它不及使我的家人渡过这一难关那么糟糕，对作者来说，对家人他是愧疚和抱歉的，故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句“I haven't been back to the slopes yet, but it might happen someday. Anyway, enthusiasm remains for ever.” （我还没回到雪道上，但总有一天会的。无论如何，热情永存）可知，作者的康复之路虽然艰苦，但是他相信终有一天他还会回到雪道上的，无论发生什么，他对滑雪的热情一直都在，故选D项。
C
NASA has a new job listing,and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a"joker" to join their journey to Mars.
A journey to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles away. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spaceship. As it is difficult to communicate, astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply when an emergency happens.
“When you're living with others in a confined space for a long time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems will happen,” said Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida. This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. These people have the ability to pull everyone together.
In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share stress, Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team “jokers”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Adolf, a cook at Amundsen' s team, was "joker". He made people laugh through the whole difficult and dangerous journey, Amundsen later wrote that Adolf was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen. “Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.” Besides, they must be in top physical condition.
8. Who might get the job offered by NASA?
A. A good cook. B. A talented joker.
C A humorous engineer. D. A popular comedian.
9. What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. a small space B. an open space C. a secure space D. an empty space
10. How does the author think humor can help astronauts?
A. Reminding them of their family. B. Bringing them closer on a journey.
C. Helping them know themselves better. D. Helping them fix professional problems.
11. Why does the author mention the example of the cook?
A. To show the importance of their food.
B. To prove the role of humor in difficult situations.
C. To argue an actor is more important than a scientist.
D. To explain a journey to the South Pole matters a lot.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国宇航局正在寻找一位“爱开玩笑的人”与宇航员一起执行火星任务，这个人不但要有幽默感，还要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The US space agency is looking for a “joker” to join their planned mission to Mars.(美国宇航局正在寻找一名“爱开玩笑的人”加入他们计划中的火星任务)”以及倒数第二段中““Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.”(Johnson 说：“有趣并不足以让某人得到这份工作，他们还需要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。”)”可知，幽默的工程师会得到NASA提供的工作。故选C。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“such as on a mission to Mars,”可知，在执行火星任务时，几个宇航员要在航天器里生活很多天，而航天器里的空间是非常狭小的，此处是说“当你和别人在一个狭小的空间里生活很长一段时间，比如执行火星任务时，很可能会出现问题”，由此可知画线词指的是“狭小的空间”，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. These people have the ability to pull everyone together.(这可能就是为什么美国宇航局想要一个有幽默感的宇航员。这些人有能力把大家团结起来)”可知，作者认为幽默可以通过在旅途中拉近宇航员们之间的距离帮助到宇航员。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share stress, Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.(在有压力的情况下，幽默可能是一种让我们知道自己并不孤单的方式。通过一起笑，我们分享压力，然后我们可以专注于我们的工作，而不仅仅是担心)”以及第五段“There are other examples of team “jokers”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Adolf, a cook at Amundsen' s team, was "joker". He made people laugh through the whole difficult and dangerous journey, Amundsen later wrote that Adolf was the most valuable member of the team.(还有其他团队“小丑”的例子。挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森带领的南极之旅就是一个例子。阿道夫是阿蒙森探险队的一名厨师，他被称为“爱开玩笑的人”。阿蒙森在整个艰难而危险的旅程中都让人捧腹大笑，阿道夫是团队中最有价值的成员)”可推知，作者提到了厨师的例子是为了证明幽默在困难情况下的作用。故选B。
D
Now, cities large and small often have remains of earlier historic streets and sidewalk pavements(人行道）。Yet they often go unprotected even when they may be older than neighbouring historic buildings that have enjoyed protection for tens of years.

There are many reasons to protect historic pavements - culture value, economics, environmental benefits and public safety. Pavements represented an important step in the modernization of city environments in the 19th century.
Before the laying of pavement, streets of dirt caused many problems to citizens,especially in wet weather when they became muddy(泥泞的），which limited the movement of people and vehicles.
To solve the problem,cities experimented with a wide range of materials in an attempt to balance durability(耐用性），economics,sources of materials and noise considerations.
The earliest pavement in many cities were cobblestones-naturally rounded stones.They were cheap and durable, but rough and noisy. Loose stone pavements were cheap and smooth, but not very durable. Wood also appeared in the 1850s as a popular option-smooth,quiet and affordable,but not very durable.
In many cities and towns,brick(砖）streets are the only historic pavements that have survived.This fact covers up the truth of pavement experimentation between the 1850s and 1920s, when a city could use up to a dozen different paving materials at the same time! Indeed, each city developed a unique "pavement identity” in the materials chosen and the way they were laid.
It is easy to think of the past when seeing historic pavements, as recalling “old world” city qualities. However, they are more similar to the early high buildings and parks-important city features that showed the modernization of the city. At a time when cities are becoming increasingly.similar, such pavements also help define an important sense of place.
12. What is the present situation of historic pavements?
A. Failing to represent modem environments.
B. Failing to receive protection they should get.
C. Being brought back to its former glory.
D. Being highly valued as cultural buildings.
13. Why was the first pavement built in history?
A. To help develop the local economy.
B. To prevent earth from being washed away.
C. To limit the movement of people and vehicles.
D. To bring convenience to citizens' life.
14. What is mainly talked about in Paragraphs 4-6?
A. Popularity of different paving materials.
B. Different experiments on city identity.
C. Advantages and disadvantages of stone pavements.
D. Development of pavements of different materials.
15. What does the writer want to express about historic pavements in the last paragraph?
A. They are similar to tall buildings.
B. They make cities appear similar.
C They are unique of a particular place.
D. They represent the modernization of today's city.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章谈的是古建筑人行道的保护和历史，并呼吁其应该得到保护。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。第一段最后一句“Yet they often go unprotected even when they may be older than neighbouring historic buildings that have enjoyed protection for tens of years.”（然而，尽管它们比周围那些享受了十来年保护的历史建筑还要古老，但是它们却没有得到保护），可知历史人行道尽管比一些得到保护的建筑古老得多，但它们还是没有得到应得的保护。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Before the laying of pavement, streets of dirt caused many problems to citizens,especially in wet weather when they became muddy(泥泞的），which limited the movement of people and vehicles.”（在铺人行道之前，泥泞的街道给市民造成了很多问题，尤其是在潮湿的天气它们变得泥泞的时候，这限制了人和车辆的行动），可知本段论述了没有人行道的状况，道路泥泞阻碍出行，那么反推得出修建人行道就是为了解决通行问题，便利生活，故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。 根据文章第四段“To solve the problem,cities experimented with a wide range of materials in an attempt to balance durability(耐用性），economics,sources of materials and noise considerations.”（为了解决这个问题，各城市实验了各种各样的材料，试图在耐用性，经济，材料来源和噪音之间找到平衡），再根据第五段和第六段，分别讲述了天然鹅卵石，裸石，及砖块各自的优缺点，可知，这三段主要讲人行道上的不同材料的发展。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“ However, they are more similar to the early high buildings and parks-important city features that showed the modernization of the city. ”（然而，它们更类似于那些展示城市现代化发展的重要城市标志——大楼和公园），可知作者认为古建筑人行道的作用，就等同于现代城市中的那些标志性建筑，这些人行道也是一个特定的地方所独有的。故选C。
江苏省无锡市普通高中2020-2021学年高一上学期期终教学质量抽测英语试题
第一节阅读理解（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸／卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations(接种疫苗）for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.
Those who will receive the vaccines include nursing home kitchen workers, security guards and cleaners. Beijing Daily reported on Friday.
Xing Yinli ,director of Jingkangyuan, a nursing home in Fengtai district with about 290 elderly residents(居民），said they have received the document(文件）recently and will strictly follow its guidance.
It’s our top duty to strengthen prevention and control.,"Xing said,adding they have been using methods such as keeping detailed records of resident contacts outside the nursing home,and encouraging online visits for family members..
As to vaccinations, she said they will ask for permission from residents,their family members and workers before giving vaccines.
In late October,Shaoxing,Zhejiang province carried out an emergencyCOVTD-19 vaccine program,allowing the public to ask for injections(注射）in advance,with key groups first. A similar program was also organized in Jiaxing,Ningbo and Yiwu in Zhejiang.
Nationwide,emergency use of home grown COVID-19 vaccines was approved in June and launched in late July. China now has four coronavirus candidate vaccines in the third stage clinical trials(临床试验）.
The document from Beijing also said nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing(核酸检测） every month among kitchen workers and residents who leave the nursing homes to see a doctor. Tests will cover all people in nursing homes considered at high risk if new infections are reported in the city. Besides, routine disinfections (消毒） should be strengthened in kitchens, storerooms and restrooms, it said. The document also recommended noncontact visits from family members.
1. Where can you probably find this article?
A. In a newspaper. B. In a fashion magazine.
C. In a book review. D. In a travel journal.
2. What can we learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A. The nursing home kept detailed records of residents,
B. All the members will make preparations for injections.
C. The nursing home takes prevention and control seriously.
D. Jiaxing is the first city to have carried out an emergency program.
3. How can we understand the underlined sentence in paragraph 7?
A. China is providing vaccinations nationwide.
B. China has made great progress in coronavirus vaccines.
C. Chain has taken the lead in coronavirus vaccines worldwide.
D. The four candidate vaccines have finished clinical trails
4. What's the main idea of this passage?
A. Nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing.
B. Beijing nursing homes are to be provided vaccines.
C. Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June.
D. Routine disinfections should be strengthened in kitchens.
5. What's the Xing Yinli's attitude towards vaccinations?
A. Supportive. B. Curious.
C. Doubtful. D. Dissatisfied
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A
【解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章围绕北京市政府为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗，以防止秋冬期间养老机构再次爆发疫情而展开报道。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations(接种疫苗）for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.（北京市政府表示，将在自愿的基础上，为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗，以防止秋冬期间养老机构再次爆发疫情。）”可知，首段是导语，接下来文章内容都是围绕其展开，因此文章显然是一篇新闻报道，那只能出现在报纸上，而不是时尚杂志、书评、游记。故选A 项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s our top duty to strengthen prevention and control.（加强防控是我们的首要任务。）”和第五段“As to vaccinations, she said they will ask for permission from residents, their family members and workers before giving vaccines.（至于接种疫苗，她说，他们在接种疫苗前将向居民、他们的家人和工作人员申请许可。）”可知，养老院重视预防和控制。故选C 项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Nationwide,emergency use of home grown COVID-19 vaccines was approved in June and launched in late July. China now has four coronavirus candidate vaccines in the third stage clinical trials.”可知在全国范围内，6月批准紧急使用国产COVID-19疫苗，7月下旬开始使用。中国目前有四种冠状病毒候选疫苗正在进行第三阶段临床试验。由此判断出，中国在冠状病毒疫苗方面取得了很大进展。故选B 项。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations(接种疫苗）for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.（北京市政府表示，将在自愿的基础上，为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗，以防止秋冬期间养老机构再次爆发疫情。）”和全文来看，这篇文章主要围绕北京市政府为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗展开报道。故选B 项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据名字定位到三四五段，第三段的“Xing Yinli ,director of Jingkangyuan, a nursing home in Fengtai district with about 290 elderly residents（居民），said they have received the document（文件）recently and will strictly follow its guidance.”景康园养老院位于丰台区，约有290名老年居民。该养老院的主任邢银利表示，他们最近已经收到了该文件，并将严格遵守其指导。由此判断出，邢银利对接种育苗是支持的。故选A 项。
B
If a president, a philosopher, and ,and one of the best-selling authors of all time praised the same secret for their success, would you try to follow it too? In fact, you probably do it every day. Here's what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth." Thomas Jefferson:“Walking is the best possible exercise. Adapt yourself to walking very far." I totally agree that this habit isn't a habit but a necessary factor of creative process.
Are you still sitting there reading this? Get walking!
The movement aspect of walking is obvious key.You've probably heard the phrase- exercise your creativity, which refers to the brain as muscle.Our creative mindset(思维模式） is triggered(触发）by physical movement, which is exactly why walking-with your dog, a friend, or alone-helps creative thinking.Researchers have discovered a lot of connections between walking and producing ideas.A Stanford University study found that participants(参与者），were 81% more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.
Besides, the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. Walking can be a catalyst for gaining fresh understanding of problems. Just by going outside,you are stepping out of your familiar surroundings and your comfort zone, which is necessary if your want to open your mind to new possibilities.You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood. You can walk through a park and observe people hanging around or birds singing. Even when you walk down a busy street,you can't help but notice the sweet smells flowing from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you hadn't even paid attention to before.
Finally, our brains work harder to process in different environments, so walking outside strengthen our ability to collect new ideas, to take in new sights, sounds and smells."Forest bathing",is a common form of relaxation and medicine in Japan.Recent studies show that being in the forest Towers your stress levels. The effects are so powerful that "Forest bathing" is now a government-proved policy in Japan., But you don't have to live near a a forest to receive the psychological(心理的）benefits.Research has shown that immersion(沉浸）in nature,and the disconnection from multimedia and technology increase performance on a creative problem-solving task by a full 50%.
So instead of setting a fitness goal, why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking, Engage more closely with your surroundings.Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move ,the way the sun reflects in a puddle.Walk not just for exercise. Walk for wonder.
6. Why does the author mention what the two famous men said in Paragraph 1?
A. To provide basic information.
B. To show the author's attitude.
C. To introduce the topic.
D To present some reasons.
7. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "catalyst" in Paragraph4?
A. Promoter. B. Cure. C. Hope. D. Must.
8. What can we learn about “Forest bathing” in Japan from the passage?
A. Taking a bath in the forest is relaxing and medically beneficial.
B. Walking in the woods is an effective way to get light-hearted.
C. The Japanese government encourages everyone to live near a forest.
D. Keeping away from multimedia and technology can greatly improve your creativity.
9. What does the author advise doing?
A. Setting a fitness goal.
B. Solving problems creatively.
C. Walking for creativity.
D. Exploring new possibilities.
10. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Benefits of walking in nature.
B. Secret to success of famous men.
C. Ways of building up your creativity.
D. Keys to stepping out of the comfort zone.
【答案】6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
本文为说明文。短文主要介绍了在大自然散步的好处。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。第一段中“Here's what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth." Thomas Jefferson: “Walking is the best possible exercise. Adapt yourself to walking very far." I totally agree that this habit isn't a habit but a necessary factor of creative process（弗里德里希·尼采写道：“只有从散步中获得的想法才有价值。”托马斯·杰斐逊：“散步是最好的锻炼。我完全同意这种习惯不是一种习惯，而是创造过程中的一个必要因素。）”作者引用两位名人的话且接下来叙述了散步的好处，显然目的是引入本文的话题，故选C。
【7题详解】
猜测词义题。定位到划线句“Walking can be a catalyst for gaining fresh understanding of problems.”中词“catalyst"的主语是walking，划线词是个名词用来形容walking，后面跟的是对于新问题的认识。本句后面“Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your familiar surroundings and your comfort zone,…observe people hanging around or birds singing. Even when you walk down a busy street, you can't help but notice the sweet smells flowing from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you hadn't even paid attention to before.( 只要到外面去，你就走出了你熟悉的环境和你的舒适区，…观察周围的人或鸟儿唱歌。即使你走在一条繁忙的街道上，你也会情不自禁地注意到食物车里飘来的甜味，或者孩子指着一栋你以前根本没注意过的建筑)”可知，后面的内容就是你散步带来的好处。由此可推断出“Walking can be a catalyst for gaining fresh understanding of problems”，是指“散步对于你获得对新问题的新认识是推动剂，一个催化剂”。分析选项：A. Promoter促进剂，催化剂；B. Cure治愈，对策；C. Hope希望；D. Must绝对必要的事。分析选项可知， promoter符合语境。故选A。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。第五段"Forest bathing",is a common form of relaxation and medicine in Japan. Recent studies show that being in the forest Towers your stress levels. The effects are so powerful that "Forest bathing" is now a government-proved policy in Japan.,（“森林浴”是一种常见的放松方式，也是一种药物。最近研究表明在森林里你的压力水平。这种影响是如此强大，以至于“森林浴”如今已成为日本政府的一项政策，…）。可知，在日本，“森林浴”是一种常见的放松方式，也是非常有效的方法。可以缓解精神压力且被政府认可。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。第一段最后一句“I totally agree that this habit isn't a habit but a necessary factor of creative process.（我完全同意这种散步习惯不是一种习惯，而是创造过程中的一个必要因素。）”。第三段中“The movement aspect of walking is obvious key. You've probably heard the phrase- exercise your creativity, which refers to the brain as muscle.Our creative mindset(思维模式） is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why walking-with your dog, a friend, or alone-helps creative thinking（散步的动作方面显然很关键。你可能听过“锻炼你的创造力”这句话，它指的是大脑肌肉。我们的创造性思维是由身体运动触发的，这正是为什么和你的狗，一个朋友一起散步，或者独自一人有助于创造思考。）”最后一段“So instead of setting a fitness goal, why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking（因此，与其设定一个健身目标，不如设定一个创意目标，从走路开始）”。综合以上内容可推断，作者反复强调walk，且将其和创造相关联，也就是作者倡导散步去思考去创造。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。本文第一段是主旨。第一段中Here's what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth." Thomas Jefferson: “Walking is the best possible exercise. Adapt yourself to walking very far." I totally agree that this habit isn't a habit but a necessary factor of creative process（弗里德里希·尼采写道：“只有从散步中获得的想法才有价值。”托马斯·杰斐逊：“散步是最好的锻炼。我完全同意这种习惯不是一种习惯，而是创造过程中的一个必要因素。）。作者引用两位名人的话后，下文主要围绕在大自然中散步的好处，散步除了健身之外的另一大好处，即会培养创造力。由此可推断出本文主要叙述了在大自然散步的好处。故选A。
C
Since it was first published in 1843, the novella (短篇故事）A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens has been loved by millions of people, and perhaps has inspired them to love more and give more. It has been adapted for theatre, television and film. Dickens is known as the best author of the Victorian times writing on social issues affecting his times, such as poverty, child labour and urban development, especially in London where he lived.
Charles Dickens was no strangers to poverty. His father had been thrown in prison for debt in 1824, and he had been removed from school and put to work as the second oldest child of eight children.
Only 12 years old and no longer able to attend school, he spent his time putting labels on pots of black polish. ①
How lonely and worthless he felt there! All his hopes and dreams of making something of his life were ended. It seemed not an adult in the world cared for his hopes or his abilities, not even his own parents.He wondered "how he could be so easily thrown away at such a young age"②
Dickens' father was set free from prison after a year,and Dickens was put back into school for three years until he had to leave again to work as an office boy. Eventually, he started writing stories for the papers.With money coming in and then children,Charles had taken a mortgage(抵押贷款）on a big house.His next novel was not as well received and his future payments were cut. Charles needed to make money and he needed to make it fast. Criticism (批评） of his new novel hurt his confidence;it is not easy to write when you are down and struggling. He needed new ideas and inspiration,but he was running out of time.
③
As he walked the streets after dark, through what he called the “black streets”of London, he again saw the poor ,who had little food or warmth in the cold weather , and the closed-up houses, like the doors of the hearts of many who do not want to love and give. ④
He happened to find the idea of a Christmas story that could show this-and warm the hearts of the poor and open the hearts of the selfish. He needed to write fast and that is probably why we only have a novella, but a novella was enough to share his story. He filled the story with character and scenes which he had already written about in his other stories, Scrooge, the main character,is a selfish self-centred man who hates Christmas the tine of giving . His late business partner, also a greedy man, comes back from the dead as a ghost to warn Scrooge.You will need to read the story yourself to see how Scrooge finally changes his ways.
The plan to rescue himself financially also rescued Dickens emotionally. As he wrote about Christmas and the wonderful time of gift giving,family gathering,carol singing and feast sharing, his own heart was cheered and he remembered those things that really mattered to him He loved writing the book and produced a special story,which is still loved around the world. New inspiration and fresh confidence set Dickens on a new path to success.
11. What difficulties was Dickens faced with when writing A Christmas Carol?
A. Lack of time and education.
B. Lack of love and confidence.
C. Lack of patience and ideas
D Lack of inspiration and confidence.
12. Where should the sentence “It was the loneliest time of his life.”be put in the passage？
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
13. What can be inferred about A Christmas Carol from the passage?
A. Dickens got his inspiration by visiting he poor people on the "black street".
B. It is impossible for the readers to know the characters before reading the book.
C. Scrooge becomes a generous and kind man in the end.
D. The book is only meant to criticize the selfishness of the rich.
14. Why is A Christmas Carol such an important work according to the last paragraph?
A. It is very popular among readers.
B. It serves as a turning point in Dickens' writing career.
C. It helped Dickens earn a great deal of money.
D. Its theme is about a wonderful time full of love and giving.
15. What is the purpose of this article?
A. To show the greatness of Charles Dickens.
B. To recommend some great works of Charles Dickens.
C. To present how poor Dickens' life was.
D. To introduce the book A Christmas Carol.
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了中篇小说《圣诞颂歌》的作者查尔斯·狄更斯及其写作背景。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第五段“His next novel was not as well received and his future payments were cut. … Criticism (批评） of his new novel hurt his confidence;it is not easy to write when you are down and struggling. He needed new ideas and inspiration,…（他的下一部小说的收视率不高，他未来的报酬也被削减了。…对他的新小说的批评伤害了他的自信心；当你情绪低落和挣扎的时候，写作是不容易的。他需要新的想法和灵感，…）”可知，由于他的下一部小说没有那么受欢迎，他还受到了批判，这损害了他的自信，并且心情低落，导致他没有什么新的想法和灵感，这些都阻碍了他创作这部小说。由此可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。题干中的“It was the loneliest time of his life.”意思是“那是他这一生最孤独的时刻”，通读文章“How lonely and worthless he felt there! All his hopes and dreams of making something of his life were ended. It seemed not an adult in the world cared for his hopes or his abilities, not even his own parents.He wondered "how he could be so easily thrown away at such a young age"”可知，他在那里感到多么孤独和无用啊!他所有想要有所作为的希望和梦想都破灭了。这世上似乎没有一个成年人关心他的希望和能力，甚至他的父母也不关心。他不明白“ 他怎么这么小就被抛弃了”正好对应文章②处前面，该段即是描述狄更斯不能上学后，进行枯燥的工作时他感受到的孤独，lonely对应loneliest，该段首尾呼应，本句应放在B处，故选B。
【13题详解】
推断判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Scrooge, the main character, is a selfish self-centred man who hates Christmas the tine of giving. His late business partner, also a greedy man, comes back from the dead as a ghost to warn Scrooge.You will need to read the story yourself to see how Scrooge finally changes his ways.主人公斯克鲁奇是一个自私、自我为中心的人，他讨厌圣诞节——赠送礼物的时刻。他已故的商业伙伴，也是一个贪婪的人，死后作为一个幽灵回来警告斯克鲁奇。你需要自己去读这个故事，看看斯克鲁奇最终是如何改变自己的方式的。）”可知，《圣诞颂歌》这本书讲述的是Scrooge，一个极度自私的人是如何改变自己的。再结合该段前面“He happened to find the idea of a Christmas story that could show this-and warm the hearts of the poor and open the hearts of the selfish…（他碰巧发现了一个《圣诞》故事的想法，可以显示这一点，温暖穷人的心，打开自私的心扉…）”可推断出，这本书主旨大意是“温暖穷人的心，打开自私者的心扉”，可以推断出Scrooge最终成为了一个慷慨善良的人。故选C。
【14题详解】
推断判断题。由文章最后一段“The plan to rescue himself financially also rescued Dickens emotionally. As he wrote about Christmas and the wonderful time of gift giving,family gathering,carol singing and feast sharing, his own heart was cheered and he remembered those things that really mattered to him ... New inspiration and fresh confidence set Dickens on a new path to success.（在经济上自救的计划也在情感上拯救了狄更斯。当他描写圣诞节以及赠送礼物、家庭聚会、唱颂歌和分享盛宴的美好时光时，他的心受到了鼓舞，他想起了那些对他真正重要的事情。……新的灵感和新的信心使狄更斯走上了一条通往成功的新道路。）”可知，《圣诞颂歌》这本书在许多方面拯救了狄更斯，他被这本书鼓舞，开创了一个新的创作之路，并且使他走向成功) ”，由此推断，这本书重要的原因在于它是狄更斯创作生涯的一个转折点。故选B.
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由全文来看，文章重点描写了狄更斯创作《圣诞颂歌》的背景，这本书的内容、主旨和意义，《圣诞颂歌》这本书从始至终贯穿全文，所以作者的目地是为介绍这本书，故选D。
江苏省扬州市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语试题
第一节 单项选择(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The new Lively Flip from the makers of Jitterbug®
The new Lively Flip makes it easy to call, text, and helps you stay safe and healthy.
EASY TO USE
A large screen, big buttons and list-based menu make the Lively Flip an easy way to stay connected to friends and family. A long-lasting battery and powerful speaker make conversations loud and clear. Plus, with Amazon Alexa you can use your voice to make calls, write texts, and more.
EASY TO STAY SAFE
Feel prepared and protected anytime, anywhere with our Emergent Response Service. And with Emergent Care, you can speak to a live nurse or doctor right from the comfort of your home. With the Lively Flip, help is available whenever you need it.
EASY TO ALERT LOVED ONES
The Lively Flip keeps all your loved ones informed about your well-being when they download the Jitterbug® Link app to their smartphones. You can stay active and independent while they feel more connected and reassured (放心的).
Buy now and get a FREE Car Charger, a $25 value! To order or learn more, call 1-866-493-9280.
1. What is the Lively Flip?
A. A computer. B. A cellphone. C. A car charger. D. An e-book.
2. What can you do with the Lively Flip?
A. Write texts or make calls by using your voice.
B. Build a long-term relationship with a doctor.
C. Download the Jitterbug® Link apps for free.
D. Keep informed of your love’s well-being.
3. Who is the Lively Flip probably intended for?
A. Teenagers who seek online friendships.
B. Working parents who look after babies.
C. Sick people who are staying in hospital.
D. Elderly people who live by themselves.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一款新的手机Lively Flip。该手机让你的通话、发短信变得简单，并帮助你保持安全和健康。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The new Lively Flip makes it easy to call, text, and helps you stay safe and healthy.”可知，全新的Lively Flip让你的通话、发短信变得简单，并帮助你保持安全和健康。结合选项，只有B选项（手机）既可以用来通话，又可以用来发短信。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Plus, with Amazon Alexa you can use your voice to make calls, write texts, and more.”可知，通过Amazon Alexa，你可以使用你的声音打电话，写短信或做更多的事。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二题的解析可知，Lively Flip可以使得用户通过语音来打电话，发语音。根据第三段中的“Feel prepared and protected anytime, anywhere with our Emergent Response Service. And with Emergent Care, you can speak to a live nurse or doctor right from the comfort of your home. With the Lively Flip, help is available whenever you need it.”可知，有了Lively Flip，用户可以随时都可以得到紧急护理服务。根据最后一段中的“The Lively Flip keeps all your loved ones informed about your well-being when they download the Jitterbug® Link app to their smartphones. You can stay active and independent while they feel more connected and reassured”可知，当所有你爱的人下载Jitterbug®链接应用程序到他们的智能手机时，Lively Flip可以让他们了解你的健康。你可以保持积极和独立，而他们会感到放心。结合选项，这款手机非常适合独自生活的老年人。它方便老人们使用语音来打电话，发语音。可以帮助老人们获得紧急护理服务。还可以让老人们的家人及时了解老人们的健康。故选D。
B
Drug development is a risky and costly business. Many possibly effective drugs fail to cut the mustard during the experiments. One reason is that drugs which work on lab animals may not work quite so well in human tests. Being able to pick winners and losers as early as possible would save money, and the One Health Company thinks it may have found a way. It is offering to help medical groups test their cancer drugs on sick pets.
There are several benefits. By treating animals with existing cancers, it hopes to avoid a problem with modern animal research, which is that the “model” animals and diseases that are used to test drugs are not always good stand-ins (替身) for the natural illness. For example, mice used to test cancer drugs may have had their tumours (肿瘤) placed into their bodies, or their immune systems weakened with drugs.
Another plus is that pet owners tend to be great caretakers who are very knowledgeable about their four-legged friends and are likely to report even small changes in behaviors. Lab animals are checked far less often.
Perhaps the most useful aspect of using pets for drug experiments, however, is that there is no law on animals’ medical records. One Health has been able to get 98% of records on animals from hospitals—a number that is impossible for humans. That allows the company to find the right animals for a drug experiment.
Based on the benefits above, the company hopes that pets will prove useful in other diseases in addition to cancers. Horses, for example, seem to be good stand-ins for humans when it comes to arthritis (关节炎). Cats, meanwhile, may prove instructive in breast cancer research.
4. What do the underlined words “cut the mustard” in Paragraph1 probably mean?
A. Meet the requirements. B. Reduce the pain.
C. Affect the test results. D. Tell the differences.
5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of One Health’s idea?
A. It makes sure the animals with natural diseases are used.
B. It makes sure the model animals are checked regularly.
C. It makes sure most animals’ medical records are available.
D. It makes sure the model animals are in healthy condition.
6. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. How to help sick pets at a low price. B. How to improve drug experiments.
C. How to save the drug business. D. How to treat some pet diseases.
7. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，讲述了One Health公司找到了一种新的方法，帮助医疗团体在生病的宠物身上测试他们的抗癌药物，并介绍了这种方法的好处。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第一段One reason is that drugs which work on lab animals may not work quite so well in human tests. ”（其中一个原因是，在实验室动物身上有效的药物在人体试验中可能没有那么有效。）可知，在试验中，许多可能有效果的药物并没有达到要求。cut the mustard意思为：达到要求。故选A项。
5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By treating animals with existing cancers, it hopes to avoid a problem with modern animal research, which is that the “model” animals and diseases that are used to test drugs are not always good stand-ins for the natural illness.”（通过治疗患有癌症的动物,它希望避免用现代动物研究的一个问题,那就是“模型”动物和疾病用来测试药物并不总是对于自然疾病的替补。）可知，一个好处是能确保试验中使用了患有自然疾病的动物来研究；根据文章第三段“Another plus is that pet owners tend to be great caretakers who are very knowledgeable about their four-legged friends and are likely to report even small changes in behaviors.”（另一个好处是，宠物主人往往是很好的照顾者，他们非常了解他们的四条腿的朋友，甚至可能报告行为上的微小变化。）可知，第二个好处是确保模型动物能够规律地被检查；根据文章第四段“ One Health has been able to get 98% of records on animals from hospitals—a number that is impossible for humans.”（One Health已经能够从医院获得98%的动物记录——这个数字对人类来说是不可能的。）可知，第三个好处是确保大多数动物的药物记录可以获得。三个好处中没有提到能保证模型动物的健康条件，D不是其中之一。故选D项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“One Health Company thinks it may have found a way. It is offering to help medical groups test their cancer drugs on sick pets.”（One Health公司认为他们可能已经找到了一种方法。它提供帮助给医疗团体在生病的宠物身上测试他们的抗癌药物。）可知，本文主要讲述了如何在动物身上提高药物试验的效果。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。文章第一段表示One Health公司找到了一种办法帮助医疗团体在生病的宠物身上测试他们的抗癌药物；二、三、四段分别说明了三种优点；最后一段说明了该公司希望宠物除了能治疗癌症外，还能治疗其他疾病；文章以“总分总”来叙述，二、三、四段为并列关系。故选C项。

C
Dear Mary,
I’m a young professional working for a company. I’ve been in the same workplace for a couple of years, and there are many things I love about it.
A few months ago, however, I got a new boss. He never gave me positive feedback, but leaned over my shoulder and disliked everything I did. When I tried talking to him about my concerns, he suggested I give up.
The stress being too much to bear, I moved to another job in the same company. While the pay was lower, it would allow me to take some classes to improve myself.
Here’s the problem. At the beginning, I agreed to help with small tasks from my old department while it searched for my replacement(接替者). But it seems that my old boss isn’t actively searching. I am still under as much stress as I was working for him full time, but now I’m getting less pay.
How do I deal with this situation without jeopardizing my new position, which fits my education schedule so well?
Rose
Dear Rose,
You have probably realized that it was a mistake to make such an open-ended offer. You should have suggested helping out with certain tasks for a certain period of time, which would have made your old boss replace you timely.
Now here’re two ways. First, communicate what’s going on to your new boss. Don’t make it a huge complaint, just be matter-of-fact. You thoughtfully offered to help your old department through a transitional(过渡的) period for the good of the company—but you can’t keep doing two jobs forever, and you want to focus on doing the best you can in your new role. Your new boss needs to know that this is happening—and, frankly, should immediately step in to handle the matter without further discussion.
Second, you should say no if necessary. The next time your old boss asks you to do something, tell him that while you are happy to help him, you must give your new job your full attention.
Remember you’re not complaining, or starting a fight; you simply have the company’s best interests in mind. Your old department needs to move on—and you need to do your new job.
Mary

8. What’s the problem with Rose now?
A. She’s getting on badly with her new boss.
B. She’s getting less pay for her new job.
C. She’s overworking for her old boss.
D. She’s losing interest in her new job.
9. What does the underlined word “jeopardizing” in Rose’s letter probably mean?
A. Preventing. B. Damaging. C. Benefiting. D. Refusing.
10. By the underlined sentence in Mary’s letter, what is Rose probably regretful about?
A. Accepting tasks without certain limits. B. Asking for too much from the company.
C. Refusing many tasks from the new boss. D. Losing her job from the old department.
11. Which of the following does Mary recommend?
A. Balancing the old and new jobs. B. Making more huge complaints.
C. Saying no to any given tasks. D. Having open communication.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
本篇是应用文。分别是一封求助信和一封建议信，Rose苦于之前的上司仍然给她安排很多工作，可她又不懂拒绝而向Mary求助；Mary写信建议Rose应该多和新上司沟通并且懂得委婉拒绝旧上司的要求。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rose邮件的第四段“Here’s the problem. At the beginning, I agreed to help with small tasks from my old department while it searched for my replacement(接替者). But it seems that my old boss isn’t actively searching. I am still under as much stress as I was working for him full time, but now I’m getting less pay.”（问题就在这里。一开始，我同意在我的老部门寻找我的替代者的时候帮他们做一些小事。但看来我的旧上司并没有积极寻找。我仍然承受着和为他做全职工作时一样大的压力，但是现在我的工资减少了。）可知，Rose面临的问题是，她为旧上司承担了太多的工作。故选C项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据Rose邮件的最后一段“How do I deal with this situation without jeopardizing my new position, which fits my education schedule so well?（我该如何在不jeopardizing我的新工作的情况下处理这种情况呢? 我的新工作非常适合我的学习计划。）”可知，Mary的新工作很适合她的学习计划，因此可以猜测，她想在不影响损害新工作的前提下去解决旧上司分配太多工作任务的问题。“jeopardizing”意思是损害，A. Preventing阻止；B. Damaging损害；C. Benefiting 受益；D. Refusing 拒绝 。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文“You should have suggested helping out with certain tasks for a certain period of time, which would have made your old boss replace you timely.（你本应该在一段时间内提出帮助别人完成某些任务的建议，这样你的前任老板就会及时地换掉你。）”可知，Rose本应该对完成旧上司分配的工作任务这件事提出时间限制，可她没有，才导致后面很多压力，因此Rose应该是后悔之前无止境地接受旧上司分配的任务。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mary的邮件第二段“First, communicate what’s going on to your new boss.”和第三段“The next time your old boss asks you to do something, tell him that while you are happy to help him, you must give your new job your full attention.”可知，Mary建议Rose应该和新老板交流正在遇到的情况，对旧上司也要委婉地说明她正遇到的困境。所以Mary的建议是开诚布公地交流。故选D项。
D
One thing the army did well was keep you busy but I was lucky enough to get some time off. They asked me where I wanted to go and there was only one place I had in mind...Ireland. Wouldn’t you want to go back home? Yes of course but I wanted to visit a person that I hadn’t seen for a long time. This person was an extremely close friend. That didn’t even begin to describe the relationship I had with her. She had her heart set on going out of the country for college and I supported her 100%. When I told her I wanted to join the army, she wasn’t exactly excited, but when I explained that school wasn’t for me and I wanted to see the world while also being in the service, she understood.
I left for the camp in the late months of summer. I knew that the day had come and this might be the last time I’d seen her. I wasn’t ready for it. Neither was she. She drove me to the airport, helped me check in, and got ready to leave. Then she stood at the bottom of the stairs and I was going to go up. Cry didn’t fully grasp the idea of what happened, but there was definitely lots of crying. When I finally got there, I took one look back and saw that big shining smile of hers, shedding my last tear.
That was the last time but now I was on a plane to meet her, in an airport, in Ireland. I knew nothing about the place except that it was green. I was still dressed in my fatigues (军服) as required. The probably native Irish people gave me a thank-you nod. Even though I didn’t wear their flag, they knew I was keeping them safe.
As I got off the plane, I couldn’t help asking myself. What if she didn’t recognize me? What if she wasn’t here? What if what if what if? That’s all I could tell myself on the way to get my bag. When I had my bag I started to walk towards the stairs. I stopped at the top and asked myself the last time, what if? Then I went down the stairs, looking around, nervous, but also scared. Then I saw it — that big shining smile that left me years ago, and it was staring right back at me.
12. How did the girl feel at first when she heard the writer would join the army?
A. Ashamed. B. Excited. C. Disappointed. D. Nervous.
13. What does the writer try to show in Paragraph 2?
A. How sad he was to leave the girl. B. How eager he was to see the girl soon.
C. How happy the girl was to see him off. D. How unwilling he was to join the army.
14. Why does the writer use so many “what if”s in Paragraph 4?
A. To show his regret about meeting the girl.
B. To show his doubt about their relationship.
C. To show his concern for the girl’s condition.
D. To show his curiosity about the girl’s looks.
15. What will the writer probably write about in the following paragraph?
A. His pride in serving in the army. B. His fond memories with the girl.
C. His romantic meeting with the girl. D. His impression of the native Irish.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述作者休假探亲，去爱尔兰探访自己的女朋友，并回忆了自己当初离开去当兵时的情形，又描述了探亲路上自己内心的忐忑。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“She had her heart set on going out of the country for college and I supported her 100%. When I told her I wanted to join the army, she wasn’t exactly excited, but when I explained that school wasn’t for me and I wanted to see the world while also being in the service, she understood. (她一心想离开这个国家去读大学，我百分百支持她。当我告诉她我想去当兵时，她并没有很兴奋，但是当我解释说学校不适合我并且我想在服兵役期间看看这个世界，她理解了我)”可知，女孩本来想让作者跟她一样读书的，但是作者告诉她说他想当兵，女孩第一反应是失望。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“I wasn’t ready for it. Neither was she. (我没有准备好，她也没有准备好)”以及“When I finally got there, I took one look back and saw that big shining smile of hers, shedding my last tear. (当我最终到达那里时（走到楼梯尽头），我回头看到她面带微笑，我流下了最后一滴眼泪)”可知，作者离开时很不舍，很难过。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I wanted to visit a person that I hadn’t seen for a long time. This person was an extremely close friend. (我想去看望一个人，我们有很长时间没有见面了。这个人是我非常亲密的朋友)”以及最后一段“As I got off the plane, I couldn’t help asking myself. What if she didn’t recognize me? What if she wasn’t here? What if what if what if? (当我下了飞机，我忍不住问自己。如果她不认识我了怎么办？如果她不在那里了怎么办？如果……怎么办？……)”可知，虽然以前关系很亲密，但已经很久不见，作者对自己一连串的发问，来表达作者内心的不安，和对他和这个女孩之间关系的不确定。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Then I saw it — that big shining smile that left me years ago, and it was staring right back at me. (然后我看见了它——那个几年前的灿烂的微笑，并且它就那样盯着我)”可知，女孩露出了送作者离开时的微笑，证明女孩没有变心，那么接下来作者跟女孩一定有一个浪漫的约会。故选C。
江苏省南通市2020—2021学年高一上学期期末英语模拟试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Best Silk Road Tour
Silk Road, a business and trade route, originates from the ancient China and connects with the Asian. African and European countries. Our well-designed Silk Road tour package will never let you down.
Departure City: Shanghai
Guide&Driver: English-speaking guide, experienced driver with an air-conditioned vehicle
Meals:12 western buffet breakfasts, 6 lunches with some being a la carte (点菜)style
Tour Highlights:
●Must-see sights in China-Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple,Dunhuang Mogao Caves, Maiji Caves, Jiayuguan Pass and Mutianyu Great Wall
●Trace back to the Silk Road of 2,000 years ago& learn about the culture and history
●Marvel at the art treasure- Mogao Caves&enjoy an exciting camel riding in the Gobi Desert
We Guarantee 100%No Shopping Stops!
Tour Prices

●Prices are per person in US Dollars.
●Any parts of the tour length, activities or hotels can be tailored to your individual interests
Are you ready to follow the footsteps of the ancients to explore this mysterious land now?
21. What will people do on the tour?
A. Appreciate the ancient heritage.
B. Ride on camels all the way.
C. Stay a few nights in caves.
D. Do a lot of shopping.
22. Which of the following is most likely to join the tour?
A. A Beijing businessman good at golf.
B. A Japanese model loving fashion.
C. A Yunnan biologist interested in birds.
D. An American student learning history.
23. How much should a traveler pay for her family(with two sons)who want to live comfortably?
A. $3479. B. $3749. C. $7498. D. $11247.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是关于去丝绸之路旅行的广告。广告介绍了始发城市、景点、食宿和价格等。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tour Highlights:部分的Must-see sights in China-Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple, Dunhuang Mogao Caves, Maiji Caves, Jiayuguan Pass and Mutianyu Great Wall(中国必看景点：兵马俑，法门寺，敦煌莫高窟，麦积山石窟，嘉峪关和慕田峪长城)可知，在旅行过程中游客可以欣赏中国古代遗产。A. Appreciate the ancient heritage.(欣赏古代遗产)符合以上说法，故选A项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Tour Highlights:部分的Must-see sights in China-Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple, Dunhuang Mogao Caves, Maiji Caves, Jiayuguan Pass and Mutianyu Great Wall(中国必看景点：兵马俑，法门寺，敦煌莫高窟，麦积山石窟，嘉峪关和慕田峪长城)可知，在旅行过程中游客可以欣赏中国古代遗产。由此推测，一个学历史的学生很有可能参加该旅行D. An American student learning history.(一个学历史的美国学生)符合以上推测，故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格内容可知，如果一个游客和家里的两个儿子要想住得舒适，要支付的费用是每人3749美元，$3749*3=$11247 。D. $11247.符合以上说法，故选D项。
B
The universe likes to be shy about its age,but astronomers believe they have a pretty good idea of the range.Currently,the most widely accepted age for the universe is around 13.8 billion years,but determining the age of...well,everything,is no easy feat(功绩）.Now.new studies have investigated the question using different methods-and they've come up with two different answers,separated by more than a billion years.
Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace,the further away an object is,the faster it appears to be moving away from us.This is expressed as the Hubble constant（哈勃常数），and it's a key factor in figuring out the age of the universe.After all.if we can determine how fast objects moving away from us,we can rewind that process to its beginning-the Big Bang.Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies The team calculated that the universe is only 12.6 billion years old-that,you might notice is much younger than the 13.8 years usually stated.
In the second study,the method of figuring out the age of the universe is by mapping the oldest light we can detect.We are restoring the' baby photo' of the universe to its original condition, removing the wear and tear of time and space that distorted(扭曲）the image, says Neelima Sehgal, co-author on the study.Only by seeing this sharper baby photo or image of the universe can we more fully understand how our universe was born."In doing so, the researcher determined that the universe is 13.8 billion years old-in agreement with the accepted age.
The real problem though,is that the studies disagree so wildly with each other, to the tune of a billion years.But they are not the only ones-the battle lines are commonly drawn by the methods used. Obviously.more research is heeded to determine where the truth lies.
24. What do we know about the universe from the first two paragraphs?
A. It doesn't exist long. B. It becomes larger. C. It runs away. D. It causes the Big Bang.
25. What makes the researchers in the first study think the universe is much younger?
A. The speed of moving objects.
B. The number of galaxies.
C. The process of the universe evolution.
D. The distance to other objects.
26. How does Neelima Sehgal explain their method in the second study?
A. By referring to a similar thing.
B. By using hard scientific data.
C. By introducing a new concept.
D. By quoting an expert's words.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Whose method is better?
B. Which result can you believe?
C. How old is the universe?
D. Why is the universe so old?
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述宇宙的寿命。
24题详解】
细节理解题。由题干要求定位开头两段，由第二段第一句“Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace,the further away an object is,the faster it appears to be moving away from us.(因为宇宙以加速的速度扩大，一个物体越远，它看起来就移动得离我们越远)”可知，宇宙变得更大。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。第一个研究，回归到第二段，根据第二段中“Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies. The team calculated that the universe is only 12.6 billion years old(来自俄勒冈大学的研究者开始着手绘制到几十个星系的距离图。这个团队计算出宇宙只有126亿岁)”可知，是到其他天体的距离使第一个研究中的研究者认为宇宙更年轻。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。由题干要求：”NS如何解释研究二的方法?” 结合原文第三段第二句话“We are restoring the' baby photo' of the universe to its original condition, removing the wear and tear of time and space that distorted(扭曲）the image, says Neelima Sehgal, co-author on the study.(这个研究的联合作者Neelima Sehgal说，我们正在修复宇宙的‘婴儿照片’至原本的状态，移除使形象扭曲的时间及空间的衣服和眼泪)”可知，Neelima Sehgal用一个给婴儿擦眼泪和脱衣服的比喻，比喻最早产生的光在宇宙中变化的逆过程，所以Neelima Sehgal引用了一个相似的事物进行了比喻。故选A项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。本篇为科学研究文，文章结构是总-分-总，主旨一般在首段。结合第一段第一句“The universe likes to be shy about its age,but astronomers believe they have a pretty good idea of the range.(宇宙羞于谈及年龄，但是天文学家们相信，他们很清楚这个范围)”及currently,….,separated by more than a billion year.可知，文章主要讲述人们采取不同方法测得的宇宙寿命不同。所以C项“宇宙多大年纪？”适合作为文章标题，故选C项。
C
Did you know that the average child has heard the word "no" over 20,000 times before they turn the age of three? Ironically, it is also around this time that children begin to develop enough personal character to refuse to obey. The "terrible twos" are categorized by a lack of understanding. Somewhere between three and four, children begin to acquire the skills to reason. It is during this time they watch how other children and adults reason. If we're not careful, the children will watch us model a world of "NOs"。
By the time a person turns eighteen, how many times have they been told no? I haven't found any studies that even attempted to track this statistic, but I'm sure if the number is 20,000 by three, then at eighteen that number has multiplied. You can do the math.
Anyway, I think I know why we say no. We say no to protect. We say no to direct. We say no to stop potential confusion. However, do we sometimes say no just for the sake of saying no? Do we say no because we have internalized(内在化)all of the "NOs" we've heard over the years and we feel it is finally our time to say no to someone else?
The internalized no can damage the growth process of dreams in infancy as quickly as it can weaken a three-year-old. And we wonder why we run into people with big, un-accomplished dreams who have a bit of a chip on their shoulder. They have to take on the 20,000 NOs. However, the thing that keeps them going is the possibility of the power of ONE YES! Just as it only takes one book to make a writer a Pulitzer Prize Winner, it only takes one word to change the course of your day. That word is YES!
28. What do we know about two- year- olds?
A. They understand well. B. They often say no to others.
C. They think logically. D. They don't do all they're told.
29. What effect does saying no have on children?
A. They lose all their dreams. B. They aren't easy to succeed.
C. They don't make mistakes. D. They never say yes to others.
30. Which word best describes the author's attitude to a world of "NOs"?
A. Tolerant. B. Disapproving. C. Favorable. D. Carefree.
31. What is the text?
A. A how-to guide. B. A survey report. C. An opinion essay. D. A short story.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章表达了作者对说“不”的看法。作者认为虽然有时说“不”是出于保护自己，但常常对孩子说“不”会对他们产生消极的影响。为了让孩子有改观，作者建议家长对他们说一句“是”。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的it is also around this time that children begin to develop enough personal character to refuse to obey.可知，孩子们在三岁前就开始发展足够的性格来拒绝遵守大人所说的。D. They don't do all they're told.(他们不会完全按照被告知的去做)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的The internalized no can damage the growth process of dreams in infancy as quickly as it can weaken a three-year-old. And we wonder why we run into people with big, un-accomplished dreams who have a bit of a chip on their shoulder.(内化的“不”会破坏婴儿时期梦想过程的成长，就像它会削弱三岁小孩那样快。我们也想知道我们为什么会遇到那些有着远大而未实现的梦想的催毛求疵的人。)可知，不断对孩子说“不”，会让孩子的梦想破坏，导致他们最终有很多没有完成的梦想。B. They aren't easy to succeed.(他们不会轻易成功。)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其最后一段的However, the thing that keeps them going is the possibility of the power of ONE YES! Just as it only takes one book to make a writer a Pulitzer Prize Winner, it only takes one word to change the course of your day. That word is YES!(然而，正真让他们继续走下去的是“是”的力量。就正如只需要一本书就会让作者成为普利策奖得主一样，你只需要一个词来改变你生活轨迹，那就是“是”。)可知，作者从小时候对孩子说“不”的影响，到长大和这一路成长经历对梦想的挫伤，到最后的说一句“是”也可以对孩子们带来巨大的改观。由此推测，作者对一个充斥着“不”的世界的态度是否定的。B. Disapproving. (不赞成的)符合以上推测，故选B项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。全文以作者观点为导向表达了作者对说“不”的看法，由此可见是一篇表明个人意见的论文。C. An opinion essay.(一篇观点文章)符合以上推测，故选C项。
D
I’m Jeff Logan, president of Logan Luxury Theaters Corporation. I’m very sorry to tell you many cinemas are at risk of closing permanently (永久). That’s something we would hate to see happen.
Watching the newest box office movie and eating a big bucket of popcorn is an experience that many of us have enjoyed for a very long time. We all have fond memories of going to a theater of our first dates or the first movie we saw with our children. A movie theater is so important to the fabric of the local community. It’s a place where we all gather, no matter what our interests, and no matter what ages, young and old, rich and poor.
But how much longer will classic theaters remain open? Just like other industries, movie theaters have been hit hard by the pandemic (流行病) and are going dark. The entire industry is being controlled by the pandemic, because the studios don't want to release their new movies until all the theaters can be open. As we all know, the theaters can’t do well and can’t get back to full 7-day a week at full speed operation without new movies to play.
Recently, the Logan Luxury 5 Cinema in Mitchell reopened for the weekends. However, like many theaters, it is only operating at about 10 percent capacity. Since opening, several new safety measures have been put in place. Block off every other row. People are asked to leave three seats between them and the next group. Staff spray the theater with disinfectant (消毒剂) after every show. And sanitizer stations can be found throughout the theater.
Even so, some people still aren’t comfortable going to a movie theater yet. I fully understand that. Anyhow, I just hope we must do something else to help out our local theaters, like taking part in a new national proposal called “Save Your Cinema.”
32. What does the underlined word “fabric” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Typical feature. B. Basic structure. C. Public support. D. Common vision.
33. Why are the film studios unwilling to release the new movies?
A. Cinemas don’t operate normally.
B. New movies aren’t welcomed.
C. People don’t like going to cinema.
D. Many cinemas go out of business.
34. What can we infer about the Logan Luxury 5 Cinema after its reopening?
A. It makes a lot of money.
B. It does well in disease prevention.
C. It receives a large audience every day.
D. It offers more enjoyable experience.
35. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To share the good old days.
B. To explain a social problem.
C. To recommend a theater.
D. To ask for people’s help.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章讲述了电影院对当地社区的重要性，以及目前在疫情下电影院所面临的困难，并呼吁大家帮助电影院。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段的A movie theater is so important to the fabric of the local community. It’s a place where we all gather, no matter what our interests, and no matter what ages, young and old, rich and poor.可知，一家电影院对当地社区的fabric来说非常重要。它是一个大家聚会的地方，不论兴趣、年龄、老少、贫富差距。根据句意可知，划线词是指一种建筑，该建筑为当地人提供可以随意聚会的地方。由此猜测，划线部分的意思是“基础建设”。B. Basic structure.(基本结构)符合以上猜测。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的The entire industry is being controlled by the pandemic, because the studios don’t want to release their new movies until all the theaters can be open.可知，整个电影行业都受到疫情影响，因为电影工作室不希望在影院复工前上映影片。即，电影工作室不上映电影，是因为电影院没有正常营业。A. Cinemas don’t operate normally.(电影院没有正常营业)符合以上说法。故选A项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的However, like many theaters, it is only operating at about 10 percent capacity. Since opening, several new safety measures have been put in place. Block off every other row. People are asked to leave three seats between them and the next group. Staff spray the theater with disinfectant (消毒剂) after every show. And sanitizer stations can be found throughout the theater.(然而，就像很多影院，它只开放10%的容量。自营业以来，几项新的安全措施已经就位。每行隔开。人们被要求在他们和下一组之间留下三个座位。员工在观影结束后喷洒消毒剂。整个电影院都有消毒站)可知，影院减少了载客容量，隔开了观影者的位置，并常常消毒清理。由此推测，他们在防疫这方面做的很好。B. It does well in disease prevention.(它在防疫这方面做得很好)符合以上推测。故选B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的Anyhow, I just hope we must do something else to help out our local theaters, like taking part in a new national proposal called “Save Your Cinema.”(不管怎么样，我只希望我们可以做点什么来帮助我们当地的电影院，例如加入一个新的全国性倡议“拯救你的电影院”)可推测，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁大家加入“拯救你的电影院”这个行动来为电影行业带来帮助。D. To ask for people’s help.(请求人们的帮助)符合以上推测。故选D项。