2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第一篇专题一阅读理解第二部分题型应对策略第3讲主旨大意题课件、

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第一篇专题一阅读理解第二部分题型应对策略第3讲主旨大意题课件、，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了命题解读·备考导航，晓解题捷径，技法探究·素养提升，新题精练·素养应用，专题能力提升练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第3讲　主旨大意题
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解, 它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下, 对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象, 既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力, 难度较大。
命题解读·备考导航
【明命题方式】把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式: 1. What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? 2. The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ____.  3. The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on __________.  4. What is mainly discussed in the text? 5. What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?6. Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? 7. The passage mainly focuses on ______.  
【晓解题捷径】
技法1 依据文章正三角形写作法, 锁定文首, 找出主题句 中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式, 即由一般到特殊, 先提出观点, 后举例论证, 主题句则出现在文首。大意题、标题一般可在第一段找到答题依据。
技法探究·素养提升
【典例】 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·D)　　According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?
What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 【技法点金】主旨大意题。根据整篇短文的内容特别是第一段中第一句研究的结论可知文章主要在讲就餐同伴会影响人们的食物摄入量, 故选__。
D
技法2 依据文章倒三角形写作法, 锁定文尾, 找出主题句 主题句出现在文尾。在细节后, 归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果, 以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式, 即细节表述的句子在前, 概括性的句子居后, 主题句则常位于末段。
【典例】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D) During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior”.
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. ”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
1. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BetterC. Be the Best—You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【技法点金】通读全文, 定位原文最后一段Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage可知, 文章主要讲了受欢迎、讨人喜欢对人的各个方面都有着深远的、有益的影响。仔细对比选项, 故选__。
A
2. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
【技法点金】根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式中冒号的特点, 可知第二句是本段的主旨句。另外其中的关键词sorts. . . into与选项A中的classification相呼应, 故选__。
A
技法3 依据文章圆形写作法, 注重首尾呼应的写作方法 首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的往往有进一步地引申或发展的意味。
【典例】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D) Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, ” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests, ” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA. ’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. . . it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product. ”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach. ” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of AstronautsB. Space: The Final Homework FrontierC. Nature: An Outdoor ClassroomD. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
【技法点金】阅读原文, 定位原文第一段和最后一段可知, HUNCH项目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系在一起, 学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。故可称之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。仔细对比选项, 故选__。
B
技法4 依据文章菱形写作法, 注重文章中间, 锁定主题句 主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题, 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
【典例】　　The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals. 　 During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly
before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance. . . .
This passage mainly tells readers ______.  A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara FestivalB. how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara FestivalC. what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara FestivalD. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival【技法点金】 从文中第二段第一句“During the opening ceremonies, ”可以看出, 本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。故选__。
A
技法5 依据文章正方形写作法, 仔细研读, 根据文章的细节归纳全文之中隐含的主题句 中心主题隐含在全文之中, 没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章, 就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析, 概括出段落的主题, 从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是, 先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容, 这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系, 然后加以归纳形成主题, 该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【典例】　　Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among
the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.
The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.  A. where handshaking was first practisedB. how handshaking came aboutC. about the relationship between handshaking and tradeD. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
【技法点金】文章第一段说明了握手的来历, 实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。故选__。
B
新题精练·素养应用
Passage 1(2020·潍坊三模) Teenagers may not know the name Kevin Mayer, but he’s about to play an outsize role in their lives. The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok (抖音). In doing so, Mayer will take charge of an app whose influence over a lot of people has made it one of the most influential, although controversial(有争议的), platforms of the era.
Mayer has been with Disney since the early 1990s—minus a period as the CEO of Playboy. com—and he’s helped to acquire some important brands in film industry. More recently he’s become known for his key role in the launch of the all-important Disney Plus streaming service. Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek, who ran Disney’s theme parks unit.
Mayer’s departure from Disney may not be a surprise, but his move to TikTok is unexpected. The app, owned by China-based ByteDance, is at a crucial moment in its short history—seeing enormous growth during the pandemic lockdowns but facing increasing criticism over its data-collection practices. As it rises in influence , the company will surely face a growing drumbeat of intense media and strict monitoring.
In contrast, Disney has never been more delicate, with the coronavirus pandemic having broken nearly all of its core business units, from the close down of theme parks and movie theaters to ongoing interruptions to its production schedules. Mayer, whatever else is motivating the move, is hopping( 跳) to another position at a proper time. 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道, 介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文·梅耶从迪士尼跳槽至抖音, 担任该公司的CEO。
1. What’s the text mainly about?A. The job-hopping of a CEO. B. The rising influence of TikTok. C. The decline of the Walt Disney Company. D. The intense competition between companies. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第二段中的“The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok”可知, 迪士尼公司的长期领导者(凯文·梅耶)刚刚成为抖音的CEO, 由此可知, 本文主要介绍的是梅耶从迪士尼跳槽至抖音, 担任该公司的CEO, 故A项正确。
2. What’s the likely reason for Mayer’s departure from Disney?A. He had been offered a higher salary. B. He wasn’t qualified for his previous job. C. He preferred a new career concerning teenagers. D. He failed to succeed Bob Iger as a CEO of Disney.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek”可知, 梅耶被认为是即将卸任的CEO鲍勃·艾格的潜在继任者之一, 但他被鲍勃·查佩克取代, 紧接着第五段第一句“Mayer’s departure from Disney may not be a surprise”说梅耶离开迪士尼也许并不惊讶, 由此可知, 梅耶离开迪士尼是因为他没能接替鲍勃·艾格成为迪士尼的CEO。
3. What do we know about TikTok according to the text?A. Potential but delicate. B. Profitable but immoral. C. Popular but controversial. D. Professional but addictive. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one of the most influential, although controversial, platforms of the era”可知, 抖音平台极具影响力(很受欢迎)但备受争议。
4. What is the purpose of the text?A. To advertise for Disney. 　　 B. To report a piece of news. C. To recommend a new app. 　 D. To compare two companies. 【解析】选B。目的意图题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文·梅耶从迪士尼跳槽至抖音, 担任该公司的CEO, 是一篇新闻报道, 因此文章的目的就是报道梅耶跳槽的新闻。
Passage 2 (2020· 济南三模) They’re life jacket orange, they’re robots and they’re capable of sailing the high seas without human intervention.
On Tuesday the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) launched a pair of Saildrones(海洋无人机) in Pacific Northwest waters for the first time. Their summer long sailing journey will stretch from Vancouver Island to California. The Saildrone operators will collect data to help set future fishing seasons. The government wants to see whether seagoing robots can extend fishery surveys now performed by expensive manned ships.
Nora Cohen from NOAA said, “The 23-foot-long seagoing robots can follow a remotely programmed course for up to a year at a time. And they don’t require any fuel. We use wind and solar power to drive the sensors. ”He added, “It means that we’re able to go to places where we really don’t want to send people, and go into weather that we really don’t want anyone ever to be in, and be able to send back measurements. ”
The primary mission is to investigate the species and number of fish in existence and the places where they are. Larry Hufnagle, scientist of NOAA Fisheries in Seattle, said a traditional big NOAA research ship-based survey costs around $25, 000 per day. By comparison, one Saildrone runs $2, 500 per day.
“It could be a significant saving, ”Hufnagle said. “But like anything else, there is a tradeoff in what you get and what you don’t get. On the manned ship, we have limited time. It takes a lot of people. We spend a fair amount of money. But there is one thing the Saildrone can’t do that humans can: cast a net to catch and positively identify the fish detected below. The Saildrones are going to give us additional data, not replacement data. ” 
Nora Cohen said Sail Drone, a venture capital-backed company based in Alameda, California, expects to launch a total of 11 of its seagoing robots to survey different water bodies for NOAA this year. The Bering and Arctic seas, coastal California and Gulf of Mexico will be the locations of additional missions. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了海上无人机的引入将给人类带来的好处。
5. What is the purpose of collecting fish data?A. To explore the ocean. B. To assist fishing industry. C. To learn the habits of fish. D. To improve fishing skills. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据关键词collecting fish data可以定位文章第二段第三句The Saildrone operators will collect data to help set future fishing seasons. 无人机操作员将收集数据, 帮助设定未来的捕鱼季节。可以得出, 收集数据是帮助设定未来的捕鱼季节。
6. What is mainly discussed about the Saildrone in Paragraph 3?A. Its advantages. 　　　　 B. Its appearance. C. Its power systems. D. Its primary mission. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。国家海洋和大气局的诺拉·科恩说23英尺长的海洋机器人可以进行远程程序控制, 每次航行长达一年。 它们不需要任何燃料。 “我们用风能和太阳能驱动传感器, ” 他补充说, “这意味着我们可以去到我们不想派人去的地方, 去到我们真的不想让任何人去的天气, 并且可以发回测量数据。”据此可以得出, 本段主要讲述的是海洋机器人的优势。
7. What does the underlined word “tradeoff”in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Debate. B. Reason. C. Reality. D. Balance. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据语境可知, 人类能做的事情在无人机这儿却不能实现。对比理解, 即可推断出对于无人机而言, 人类从其中有能得到的也有不能得到的, 这就是一种平衡。据此可以得出“tradeoff ”意思是平衡。
8. What can be inferred from the text?A. The Saildrone has a promising future. B. Hufnagle thinks little of the Saildrone. C. Manned ships will be completely replaced. D. Production of seagoing robots is restricted. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容: 诺拉·科恩说, 总部位于加利福尼亚州阿拉米达的风险投资公司 Sail Drone 预计今年将推出11个航海机器人, 为 NOAA 勘测不同的水域。 白令海和北冰洋, 加利福尼亚海岸和墨西哥湾, 将是其他任务的地点。据此可以得出, Sail Drone公司海上无人机的前景比较光明。
Passage 3(2020·威海二模) Tiny as they are, bats have the ability to “see” in the dark by using a special skill called echolocation (回声定位法). They make noises and wait for sound waves, or an echo, to bounce back off objects. They can tell the distance of various objects by how quickly the sound waves bounce back off them. If no sound bounces back, they can then fly forward.
This special ability has been copied in the human world for a long time, such as in submarines and planes. But apart from helping vehicles “see” where they are, what if blind people could use echolocation for themselves? American Daniel Kish, who is blind, is known as “Batman”. This isn’t because he walks around in a cape (披风) and a mask, but because he has a bat-like ability to locate where he is through sharp clicks he makes by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth. Kish is so skilled at echolocating that he can ride a bike and hike on his own.
Recently, a research carried out at the University of Durham in England shed some light on the power of human echolocation. Kish, as well as other volunteers, worked with a group of scientists who studied the way blind people listen to the echoes that they produce from clicks. The team found that people were capable of hearing even very faint echoes, ones far fainter than had been previously thought.
Lore Thaler, lead scientist of the group, said, “We found that in some conditions, they were really faint—about 95 percent softer than the actual clicks, but the echolocators were still able to sense this. ” Andrew Kolarik, another expert in echolocation, told BBC News that echolocation “can be very useful at providing information at face or chest height” and could help people “avoid objects like low hanging branches that might not get detected by the cane or a guide dog”.
According to BBC News, echolocation is a skill blind people can acquire and develop, just like learning a language. As Kolarik said, “Teaching echolocation skills could provide blind people with the means of exploring new places. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了盲人向蝙蝠学习, 利用回声定位法来判断路障, 从而保证顺利出行的一项新的科学研究。
9. What does the underlined phrase“This special ability” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The ability to make noises in the dark. B. The ability to bounce back off objects. C. The ability to measure the distance quickly. D. The ability to use sound waves to echolocate. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据文章第一段对蝙蝠回声定位法的阐述, 可知蝙蝠的特殊能力(This special ability)是指利用声波的反弹来判断是否可以向前飞行。
10. What do we know about Daniel Kish from the text?A. He is fond of riding a bike and hiking alone. B. He is able to hear echoes he produces from clicks. C. He is called “Batman” because he looks like a bat. D. He conducted the experiment to circulate echolocation.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“Kish is so skilled at echolocating that he can ride a bike and hike on his own. ”可知, Daniel Kish擅长回声定位法才有能力骑车和徒步, 而不是说他喜欢一个人骑车和徒步, 故排除A。根据“This isn’t because he walks around in a cape and a mask, but because he has a bat-like ability to locate where he is through sharp clicks he makes by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth. ”可知, Kish被称为蝙蝠侠是因为他像蝙蝠一样能利用回声定位法, 故排除C。Kish是参与实验的志愿者, 并非实验的操作人员, 故D选项错误。正确选项是B。
11. What is Kolarik’s attitude towards the future use of echolocation in blind people?A. Ambiguous. 　　 B. Hopeful. C. Tolerant. D. Doubtful. 【解析】选B。 观点态度题。根据第五段Kolarik说到回声定位法“can be very useful”和help people “avoid objects like low hanging branches that might not get detected by the cane or a guide dog”可知, 他认为回声定位法能帮助盲人躲避某些路障, 提高出行的愉快体验, 因此对盲人有利, 有推广的意义。
12. What’s the best title for the text?A. Echolocation in Human WorldB. A Very Special BatmanC. Finding New Way to “See”D. A Breakthrough in Echoing
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科学家们发现盲人在出行时可以学习蝙蝠利用回声定位法来判断可能存在的路障, 从而保证出行的顺利。A选项“Echolocation in Human World”范围太大, 文章的研究仅限于盲人, 不正确。B选项“A Very Special Batman”, 文章是一项科学研究, 不是围绕一个人物展开, 不正确。D选项 “A Breakthrough in Echoing”, 文章研究的是回声定位法, 而不是回声, 不正确。C选项“Finding New Way to ‘See’”, 紧扣文章内容——盲人利用回声定位法来出行, 犹如“神眼相助”, 故选C。
Passage 4(2020·淄博二模) When he tells people that he is deaf, Oliver Stabble is called a liar. “The idea that deaf people cannot speak is a very offensive assumption, ” the sophomore(大二学生)said.
Stabble’s experience speaks of many of the misunderstandings about deaf people and the struggles they face—things commonly found right in Rochester. This city is home to 90, 000 deaf people, a significant slice of more than 1. 1 million national population. The percentage of deaf people here is higher than the national average, due in part to RIT’s National Technical Institute for the deaf, the first technological college in the world created specifically for the deaf and hard of hearing.
“Really, there seems to be an embarrassment in communicating with deaf people, ” said sophomore Stephen Davis, another deaf student. This awkwardness might arise because non-deaf people just don’t know how to do so without possibly offending someone. “I guess they think saying “deaf” is offensive, but it really isn’t and deaf people don’t get upset about it, ” Davis said. He noted that the biggest issue he’s had when communicating with other students is their anxiety about communicating.
　　Deaf or hard-of-hearing students also face frustrations(令人烦心的事)on their end when interacting with others. “Sometimes people talk about you, maybe to a non-deaf friend standing beside me, as if I’m not there, ” Davis said. “That’s depressing. ” As Davis put it, “We don’t see ourselves as the disabled, so the awkwardness is the only one-sided. ”
　　Stabble advised that those communicating should not make assumptions about others’ preferences or ability. If you have a question, ask. A moment of awkwardness is absolutely worth it if you are being educated about an important topic. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 主题语境是“人与社会”。与耳聋者聊天可能让人觉得很尴尬, 但是对于耳聋者Oliver Stabble 和Stephen Davis 来说, “聋”并不是不能提的事。
13. Why are there more deaf people in Rochester?A. Deaf people have some privileges here. B. Deaf people may get a better job opportunity here. C. Deaf people meet fewer struggles here. D. A professional school for the deaf appeals to them. 【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The percentage of deaf people here is higher than. . . 可知, 这里耳聋者的百分比高于全国平均水平, 部分原因是这里有世界上第一所专门为耳聋和有听力障碍的人设立的学院。
14. What may embarrass people when communicating with the deaf according to Davis?A. They are afraid of upsetting the deaf. B. They are unwilling to communicate. C. They don’t know any simple gestures. D. They don’t challenge enough assumptions. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This awkwardness might arise because non-deaf people just don’t know how to do so without possibly offending someone. ”可知, 与耳聋的人聊天会出现尴尬是因为不聋的人害怕让耳聋的人不高兴。
15. What kind of person is Stephen Davis?A. Sensitive and talkative. B. Reasonable and reliable. C. Outspoken and aggressive. D. Confident and intelligent. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的Davis 通过细心观察得出结论可推知, 他是一个聪明的人; 根据第四段中的“We don’t see ourselves as the disabled, so the awkwardness is the only one-sided. ”可知, 他不认为自己是残疾人, 由此推断出他是一个很自信的人。
16. What can be the best title of the text?A. We can hear your heartB. “Deaf” is not a bad wordC. Deaf people are not liarsD. Embarrassment is one-sided【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知, 耳聋者Oliver Stabble 和Stephen Davis 认为“聋”不是一件令人难以启齿的事情, 与他们聊天出现尴尬是不聋的人单方面造成的, 故选B项(“聋”并不是不好的词)最能概括文章主旨大意。
熟词生义: 1. slice常用义: (名词)薄片 文章义: 部分, 份额Our firm is well placed to grab a large slice of the market. 我们公司处境有利, 足以获得巨大的市场份额。2. put常用义: 放置 文章义: 说, 表达She had never tried to put this feeling into words. 她从未试着将这种感觉说出来。
【加固训练】(2020·济南三模) We’re so attached to plastic, but we’re careless consumers. Waste plastic is entering our ecosystems and food chains with untold consequences. Cleaning up our polluted world of plastic may seem a noble, but thankless task. However, some people are seeing economic opportunity in the mission.
Plastic Bank, a social enterprise from Canada, is monetizing plastic recycling while empowering those most affected by the waste. It works to prevent waste plastic from entering oceans by encouraging people in developing countries to collect plastic from their communities in exchange for cash, food, clean water or school tuition for their children. After collection, plastic is weighed, sorted, chipped, melted into balls and sold on as“raw material”to be made into everything from bottles for cleaning products to clothing.
“I saw in large quantities; I saw an opportunity, ”CEO David Katz told the audience at the Sustainable Brands Oceans conference in Porto, Portugal on November 14. “We reveal the value in this material, ”he added. Plastic Bank was founded in 2013 and launched on the ground operations in 2014 in Haiti, the poorest country in the Western, Hemisphere, where close to 60% of the population live under the poverty line. As a result of poor waste disposal and recycling infrastructure (基础设施), plastic waste enters rivers or is burned and poses the health threats to the local residents.
The company says it has over 2, 000 collectors working in the country, with its full-time collectors on average 63% above the poverty line thanks to the income they make from the project. Through its app based payment system, many collectors now have bank accounts for the first time, and are able to ultimately escape ultra-poverty. “Nothing we’re doing is against the laws of physics, ”said Katz. “All the technology exists for us to solve and save the world. It’s only a creative thought. ”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。讲述了一家叫Plastic Bank的公司在促进循环利用塑料的同时给发展中国家的人带来收入的事情。1. What is Plastic Bank aimed to do?A. Test out creative ideas. B. Discover new material. C. Promote plastic recycling. D. Stop people using plastic.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Plastic Bank, a social enterprise from Canada, is monetizing plastic recycling while empowering those most affected by the waste. It works to prevent waste plastic from entering oceans by encouraging people in developing countries to collect plastic from their communities in exchange for cash, food, clean water or school tuition for their children. ”可知Plastic Bank在“促进”塑料循环利用。
2. Which of the following shows the process of monetizing in Paragraph 2?A. Purchasing—collecting—recycling. B. Exchanging—collecting—purchasing. C. Collecting—exchanging—reproducing. D. Persuading—consuming—reproducing. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据monetizing定位到第二段, 第二句的句意为“它致力于通过鼓励发展中国家的人从他们的社区里收集塑料来交换现金、食物、干净的水或孩子的学费来阻止塑料废品进入海洋”, 所以过程为“收集—交换—再生产”。
3. What do the numbers in Paragraph 5 indicate?A. Haiti attaches great importance to recycling. B. Many locals benefit greatly from the project. C. Collecting is an efficient way to recycle waste. D. The project has solved unemployment in Haiti. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。数字所在句子为“The company says it has over 2, 000 collectors working in the country, with its full-time collectors on average 63% above the poverty line thanks to the income they make from the project. ”可知, 这些数字的罗列是为了表明许多人从这个项目中受益。
4. What may be the best title for the text?A. Companies start to ban plastic consumptionB. Technology finds its way to kick off povertyC. David Katz speaks at the conference in PortoD. Plastic Bank is fighting against plastic waste【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据首段的结尾“However, some people are seeing economic opportunity in the mission. ”可知本篇文章是讲一些人在循环利用塑料中发现了商机, 而接下来的每一段讲的都是Plastic Bank做的事情, 所以这里的一些人指的是Plastic Bank, 且最后一段中提到负责人说他们所做的事情并不违法, 而是在拯救世界, 故选D。
【点睛】主旨大意题通常看开头和结尾, 且转折词后是重点。例如在第一段中有However, 侧重点看However后的句子, 但没有对应的选项, 所以再看最后一段, 最后一段中讲到负责人说他们所做的事情并不违法, 而是在拯救世界, 结合第一段和最后一段可知, 标题应为Plastic Bank is fighting against plastic waste。
【语篇二次运用】重点词汇再现1. be attached to sth. /sb. 依恋某物/某人2. a noble but thankless task一项高尚但吃力不讨好的工作3. mission n. 使命, 任务; 代表团; 布道vt. 派遣; 向……传教4. monetize v. 把……定为货币, 使成为合法货币; 铸造成货币; (通过网站访客)赚钱5. empower vt. 授权, 允许; 使能够
6. in exchange for作为……的交换, 用……交换……7. school tuition学费8. launch v. 发起, 推出, 发射 launch on 开始9. waste disposal废品的处理dispose v. 　disposal n. 处理10. pose the health threats to the local residents给当地居民造成健康威胁pose v. 造成, 提出, 假装, 摆姿势11. ultimately escape ultra-poverty最终摆脱极端贫困
12. reveal the value in sth. 揭示某物的价值13. above/under the poverty line在贫困线以上/以下14. ultra-poverty极端贫困15. kick off poverty摆脱贫困16. consequence后果 consequently 因此 as a consequence因此
专题能力提升练
专题能力提升练 七限时25分钟Passage 1 (2020·北京东城区 二模) Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and health-care professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has
demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn’t use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person’s home. But “it’s not so much where you live; it’s whether you use it or not. ”
So he collected data to estimate what dose(剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person’s health. White’s group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with self-reports of being in good health or having high well being. “I was very surprised, to be honest, ” says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. “We had no idea that such a clear threshold of time per week would emerge from the data. ” 
He was further surprised to learn that it didn’t seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hour-long trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four half-hour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature’s apparent health benefits are a result of being able to distress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one’s schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Health-care recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature’s contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term “a dose of nature” to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. “That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health, ” says White.
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应: 血压下降, 心率下降, 免疫功能改善, 神经系统引导身体休息和消化。每周至少在自然中待上两个小时, 与自我报告的健康状况或幸福感密切相关。1. White’s research focused on______.  A. required amount of green spaceB. benefits from the exposure to natureC. necessary time length of nature visitsD. physical responses to outdoor activities
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二自然段内容我们可以知道以前大部分的研究都没有研究去公园活动的频次和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出, 怀特的主要研究内容就是去公园绿地活动的频次和持续时间。
2. What does the underlined phrase “threshold of time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Maximum time. B. Minimum time. C. Adequate time. D. Average time. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。通过上文“I was very surprised, to be honest, ” says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. 我们可以知道, 原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中, 但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们待在大自然中的时间是非常少的。
3. From the last paragraph, we can infer that White______.  A. is confident about his missionB. is willing to cooperate with othersC. has persuaded others to accept his ideaD. has adopted the term for his research result
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段Some researchers have used the term “a dose of nature” to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. “That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health, ” says White. 可知, 怀特对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。由此我们可推断出怀特是更加相信自己的观点。
4. What’s the best title for the passage?A. Respect for NatureB. Nature as MedicineC. Present from NatureD. Mission in Nature【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应: 血压下降, 心率下降, 免疫功能改善, 神经系统引导身体休息和消化。每周至少在自然中待上两个小时, 与自我报告的健康状况或幸福感密切相关。所以B选项Nature as Medicine(自然作为药物)就是本文最佳标题。
Passage 2(2020·广州三模) While it’s no surprise that heavy drinking comes with health consequences, women in particular are more likely to suffer from alcohol—including an increased risk of alcohol-related death, according to a new study. The study, published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, looked at the death data of Americans 16 and older from 1999 to 2017. The researchers found nearly 1 million alcohol-related deaths in that time period and the largest annual increase of alcohol-related deaths occurred among Non-Hispanic white women.
“Historically, the most protective factor for women was that it was less common for women to drink a lot, ” Keith Humphreys, a professor of Stanford University tells Yahoo Lifestyle. “That was changed largely by alcohol companies. Women were targeted in advertising and it worked—now women drink much more and now they’re dying much more. ”
Excessive alcohol use can lead to several health problems over time—women are particularly affected. “The risk of cirrhosis(肝硬化)and other alcohol-related liver diseases is higher for women than for men, ” according to the CDC. Drinking too much alcohol can also affect the brain, causing shrinkage and memory loss. Research suggests that women are weaker than men to the brain damaging effects of alcohol abuse, and the damage tends to appear with shorter periods of excessive drinking for women than for men. Heavy drinking also influences heart health. The CDC states that studies show women who drink excessively have a higher risk of damaging the heart muscle than men, even for women drinking at lower levels.
The health consequences of drinking also develop more rapidly in women than in men. “You’ll commonly see a woman who hasn’t been drinking alcohol as long as men and the physical punishment comes faster, ” says Humphreys. 【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一项最新的科学研究成果, 该研究表明饮酒对女性造成的危害比男性大。5. How was the study done?A. By doing experiments. B. By comparing data. C. By watching closely. D. By asking and recording.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第二段第一句“The study, published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, looked at the death data of Americans 16 and older from 1999 to 2017. ”可推断出该研究是通过对比数据来进行的。
6. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. It explains the reasons for women to drink. B. It compares the past and present of women. C. It shows the newest finding about women drinking. D. It comments on the terrible results of women drinking. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。由第三段内容可知, 原本只有较少的女性饮酒, 后因造酒企业大幅度地针对女性做广告, 导致很多女性开始饮酒, 所以本段主要介绍了女性喝酒的原因。
7. How many body parts of women may be damaged by excessive drinking?A. Two. 　　B. Three. 　　C. Four. 　　D. Five. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知过度饮酒会对女性的肝脏、大脑和心脏这三个部位造成危害。
8. What might be the best title for the passage?A. Women, Suffer More from DrinkingB. Drinking, Fashionable but HarmfulC. Drinking Does Harm to HealthD. Men and Women, Drink Less
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。由第一段“While it’s no surprise that heavy drinking comes with health consequences, women in particular are more likely to suffer from alcohol—including an increased risk of alcohol-related death, according to a new study. ”以及第四段首句和第五段首句“The health consequences of drinking also develop more rapidly in women than in men. ”(女性饮酒对健康的影响也比男性更快。)可知, 本文主要介绍了饮酒对女性造成的危害更大。
Passage 3(2020·枣庄高三月考) British parents encourage their children to play musical instruments as part of a family tradition and not to raise their social status as Americans do, research says.
Dr. Aaron Reeves of the University of Oxford found that UK parents did not see musical achievement by their children as character building or useful in getting university places or jobs. Instead, it was usually only those parents who played instruments that encouraged their children to follow suit.
This contrasted with research carried out by other academics in America, he said. “Middle-class parents in the US appear to associate cultural practice with other benefits, such as developing specific characteristics and paving the way for educational success. Middle-class families are often marked by a pattern of ‘concerted cultivation’, where parents organize music-centred activities for their children, often in addition to school-based musical practice. ”
Researchers had owed this to “parental anxiety over the declining fortunes of educated Americans”. These parents have become increasingly worried about providing their children with skills and abilities enabling them to stand out from their competitors in the job market. ” By contrast, for British respondents, no such connection was made between what is considered as an overbearing parenting style and future educational or career possibilities. The parents interviewed here did not connect music with usefulness but rather they focused on the value of music as a family tradition and, to a lesser extent, as something valuable in its own right.
One Scottish parent, a chemist by profession, said during the interviews, “We’ve got two learning musical instruments. If we think it’s maybe worthwhile we try and encourage them, but we wouldn’t force them. ” A housewife said, “My son’s just turned five and I want him to do the guitar because his uncle does it, but it’s up to him. ” In some UK families, said Dr. Reeves, music was even “believed to be an obstacle to educational success, or at least secondary to it”.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。英国父母鼓励孩子们演奏乐器, 把这件事当成家庭传统的一部分, 不像美国人那样是为了提高社会地位。9. What do British parents think of music learning?A. Useful for job application. B. Helpful for character building. C. Beneficial to further education. D. Worthwhile as a family tradition.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段British parents encourage their children to play musical instruments as part of a family tradition可知英国父母认为把音乐学习当成家庭传统的一部分是值得的。
10. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Cultural practice. B. Educational success. C. Concerted cultivation. D. School-based musical practice. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据上下文可知中产阶级家庭经常采取“协同培养”的模式, 也就是父母为孩子组织以音乐为中心的活动, 这经常是在以学校为基础的音乐实践之外(进行的)。研究人员将此归因于“父母对于受过良好教育的美国人财富减少的焦虑”。所以这里的this指代的就是“concerted cultivation”(协同培养)这个模式, 故选C项。
11. What can be inferred from the text?A. The future of American kids is not promising. B. American parents hardly link music with success. C. Music learning is a personal choice for British kids. D. British parents show little concern about education.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第六段的两位父母说的If we think it’s maybe worthwhile we try and encourage them, but we wouldn’t force them. 和My son’s just turned five and I want him to do the guitar because his uncle does it, but it’s up to him. ”可知英国父母不会强迫自己的小孩学乐器 , 学什么乐器取决于小孩自己。这说明对英国小孩来说, 音乐学习是个人选择。
12. What is the text mainly about?A. Reasons for British music preference. B. British parenting style in music education. C. Americans’ attitude towards music learning. D. Differences between British and American parents.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。由文章开头British parents encourage their children to play musical instruments as part of a family tradition and not to raise their social status as Americans do, research says. 和后面具体内容可知本文主要讲述了英国父母把鼓励孩子们演奏乐器当成家庭传统的一部分, 因此B项(英国父母在音乐教育方面的教育方式)最适合。
专题能力提升练 八限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·衡水二模) Scientists who study the Sun watch for sunspots(太阳黑子)—violent storms that can affect communications, navigation systems and even electric power stations on the Earth.
Sunspots are a product of huge electromagnetic storms on the Sun. Scientists on the Earth are able to observe sunspots eight minutes after they happen. That is how long it takes for the Sun’s light to reach us. The first electrically charged particles (颗粒)from a sunspot enter the Earth’s atmosphere about 20 to 30 minutes after the storm happens. These particles can harm human beings. So before they arrive, astronauts on the International Space Station move into special areas designed to protect them from their effects.
About a day or two later, the biggest part of the storm arrives. It is called a coronal mass ejection. “That is billions of tons of solar material that’s blown away from the Sun. It’s traveling millions of kilometers an hour, but that is relatively slow. ” says Alex Young, the Associate Director for Science at NASA’s Heliophysics Science Division. Several civilian government agencies and the U. S. Air Force watch weather conditions in space 24 hours a day. NASA does so because it must protect its astronauts and the electronic devices on its spacecraft.
Scientists are also trying to understand why the number of sunspots rises and falls at almost regular intervals every 11 years. In other words, scientists can almost predict the amount of solar activity. Sometimes the intensity (强度)is higher, sometimes lower. For example, the current solar cycle, as it is called, is much lower than the previous one. Several satellites watch the Sun and the environment between the Sun and the Earth. Pictures and other information from the satellites tell scientists what is happening on and near the Sun.
Alex Young says we have only been looking at the Sun with powerful instruments for about 30 to 40 years. That is a very short time compared to the four billion years that the star has been shining. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了太阳黑子活动及其对地球的影响。1. Why do astronauts on the International Space Station move into special areas?A. To avoid being harmed. B. To charge the battery. C. To watch the Sun closely. D. To protect devices on the spacecraft.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第三段可知, 太阳黑子活动时发出的带电颗粒对人类有危害, 由本段中的“So before they arrive, astronauts on the International Space Station move into special areas designed to protect them from their effects. ”可知, 这样做是为了让宇航员免受带电粒子的危害。
2. How long does a solar cycle last?A. About 8 minutes. B. About 20 to 30 minutes. C. About 11 years. D. About 30 to 40 minutes. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文中倒数第三段第一句可知, 太阳黑子的活动周期是11年。
3. What enables scientists to watch the Sun?A. Environmental changes. B. Good weather conditions. C. Advanced instruments. D. Government agencies. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段中的第一句可知, 科学家们利用功能强大的仪器设备观测太阳。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The role of satellites. B. Findings about sunspots. C. Observation of space. D. Communication on the Earth. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍有关太阳黑子活动的一些发现。
Passage 2 Why should most of us hate spiders when we know deeply how much good they do? Is it because they somehow seem so alien? After all, what other land creatures on earth have eight legs? What other creatures spin silk webs in which to catch and wrap their prey to preserve it for the future, much as we put food in the fridge to eat later? I do not personally suffer from arachnophobia, the name given to an abnormal fear of spiders, but I can’t say that I like the little beasts. However, some people do, and they actually keep them as pets!
There is a wide variety of spiders in the world. In fact it has been estimated that there are some 35, 000 species—from little “money spiders” that live in your back garden, to the “black widow spider”, and the “tarantula” , the spider that is now sometimes kept as a pet. A tarantula can be any one of a large hairy spiders family and there are about 800 species of them. While experts can tell the difference between species at a glance, most are usually described in reference books as “rather slowly” with “a strong bite which may be poisonous”. They are covered with hairs which can cause a rash (皮疹)if they are handled.
No one has calculated the number of human deaths caused by a bite from a tarantula perhaps because it has never happened, or happened so rarely, and indeed a tarantula will do no harm to anyone if handled correctly. Their disgusting image cannot belie their gentle nature but experts tell us not to handle a tarantula without expert advice.
Tarantulas are popular as pets and it requires very little space to maintain them in excellent condition. They should be kept singly in a glass container, which need not be very large but should have a layer of stones in the bottom. They feed on insects, and while young tarantulas eat twice a week, adults will often eat no more than once every 10 days. You might like the idea of keeping a tarantula, but personally I am content with just watching them at a distance.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了虽然很多人因为蜘蛛的外表而恶心讨厌它, 但是很多人还是喜欢蜘蛛, 并把它当宠物。5. According to the text, why do most people dislike spiders?A. They are abnormal beasts. B. They take food from fridges. C. They have unpleasant appearance. D. They make people suffer from arachnophobia.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据“Is it because they somehow seem so alien? After all, what other land creatures on earth have eight legs?”可知, 人们讨厌蜘蛛是因为它跟别的陆地生物不同, 长着八条腿, 看起来像外星生物, 所以是因为蜘蛛的外表令人讨厌而不喜欢蜘蛛。
6. What do we know about the tarantula?A. It must be kept in groups. B. It feeds on poisonous insects. C. It doesn’t belong to hairy spiders. D. It has mild nature if handled properly.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“They should be kept singly in a glass container”可知狼蛛需要被单独养在玻璃容器里, 所以A错, 排除选项A; 根据“They are covered with hairs which can cause a rash if they are handled. ”可知, 狼蛛有绒毛, 故C错, 排除选项C; “They feed on insects ”只是表明它们以昆虫为食, 但并不是有毒的昆虫, 故B错, 排除选项B; 根据“Their disgusting image cannot belie their gentle nature but experts tell us not to handle a tarantula without expert advice. ”和“and indeed a tarantula will do no harm to anyone if handled correctly. ”可知, 狼蛛天性温和, 但是需要用恰当的方式触碰, 所以D正确, 故选D。
7. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The death caused by a tarantula. B. The number of human deaths. C. The bite from a tarantula. D. The rash caused by hairs. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据“has never happened”可知, it指代的是事情, 前文中提到的事情是有人被狼蛛咬死。
8. What’s the best title for the text?A. Never judge a book by its coverB. Nothing seek, nothing findC. No sweet without sweatD. Once bitten, twice shy【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段可知, 虽然很多人因为蜘蛛的外表恶心, 而讨厌它, 但是很多人还是喜欢蜘蛛, 并把它当宠物, 之后又讲了蜘蛛其实无害, 并且很好养, 所以这篇文章最好的题目是“不能根据外貌评判人或事物”。
【语篇二次运用】Passage 2——语法填空 There is a wide 1. __________ (various)of spiders in the world. In fact it has been estimated 2. _______ there are some 35, 000 species—from little “money spiders” that live in your back garden, to the “black widow spider”, and the “tarantula” , the spider that is now sometimes kept as a pet.  
A tarantula can be any one of a large hairy spiders family and there are about 800 species of them. While experts can tell the difference between species at a glance, most are 3. __________(usual) described in reference books as “rather slowly” with “a strong bite which may be 4. _______ (poison)”. They are covered with hairs which can cause a rash (皮疹)if they 5. __________(handle).  
No one has calculated the number of human deaths 6. _________ (cause) by a bite from a tarantula perhaps because it has never happened, or happened so rarely, and indeed a tarantula will do no harm to anyone if handled correctly. Their 7. _________ (disgust) image cannot belie their gentle nature but experts tell us not to handle a tarantula 8. __________ expert advice.  
Tarantulas are popular as pets and it requires very little space to maintain them in excellent condition. They should be kept singly in a glass container, 9. __________need not be very large but should have a layer of stones in the bottom. They feed on insects, and while young tarantulas eat twice a week, 10. __________(adult) will often eat no more than once every 10 days.  
答案: 1. variety　2. that　3. usually　4. poisonous5. are handled　6. caused　7. disgusting　8. without9. which　10. adults