高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计及反思

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计及反思，共13页。教案主要包含了策略学习，素养提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【策略学习】
文章大意题
文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
策略1：主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
策略2：高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
策略3：逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
1. 正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文
2. 错误选项特征
(1)以偏概全，主次不分
(2)无中生有，曲解文意
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Sme parents will buy any high－tech ty if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math－related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine，an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag，fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills.Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知)after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme，educatin and the amunt f parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt，n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld，and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time.Higher－incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently，and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills.Hwever，bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls，and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.
B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist.
D. A teaching prgram.
【分析】
·第一步 读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。
·第二步 利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers，expert，study，findings等词，主要介绍的是一项科学研究。
·第三步 排除3种错误选项：选项A、D无中生有曲解文意； 选项C以偏概全主次不分。
【素养提升】
一、阅读理解
1
NASA has a new jb listing,and it's n jke. The US space agency is lking fr a"jker" t jin their jurney t Mars.
A jurney t Mars is n laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 millin miles away. A trip there wuld take arund eight mnths in a small spaceship. As it is difficult t cmmunicate, astrnauts will have t wait 20 minutes fr a reply when an emergency happens.
“When yu're living with thers in a cnfined space fr a lng time, such as n a missin t Mars, prblems will happen,” said Jeffrey Jhnsn, a scientist at the University f Flrida. This is prbably why NASA wants an astrnaut with a sense f humr. These peple have the ability t pull everyne tgether.
In stressful situatins, perhaps humr is a way t knw we aren't alne. By laughing tgether, we share stress, Then we can fcus n ur jbs instead f just wrrying.
There are ther examples f team “jkers”. One example is the jurney t the Suth Ple led by Nrwegian explrer Rald Amundsen, Adlf, a ck at Amundsen' s team, was "jker". He made peple laugh thrugh the whle difficult and dangerus jurney, Amundsen later wrte that Adlf was the mst valuable member f the team.
But if yu're hping that yur favrite TV cmedian will fly t Mars, that prbably wn't happen. “Being funny wn't be enugh t land smebdy the jb,” Jhnsn said. “They als need t be an excellent scientist and engineer.” Besides, they must be in tp physical cnditin.
1. Wh might get the jb ffered by NASA?
A. A gd ck.B. A talented jker.
C. A humrus engineer.D. A ppular cmedian.
2. What des "a cnfined space" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. a small spaceB. an pen spaceC. a secure spaceD. an empty space
3. Hw des the authr think humr can help astrnauts?
A. Reminding them f their family.B. Bringing them clser n a jurney.
C. Helping them knw themselves better.D. Helping them fix prfessinal prblems.
4. Why des the authr mentin the example f the ck?
A. T shw the imprtance f their fd.
B. T prve the rle f humr in difficult situatins.
C. T argue an actr is mre imprtant than a scientist.
D. T explain a jurney t the Suth Ple matters a lt.
2
It is easier t negtiate（谈判）first salary requirement because nce yu are insider, the rganizatinal cnstraints influence wage increases. One thing, hwever, is certain: yur chances f getting the raise yu feel yu deserve are less if yu dn't at least ask fr it. Men tend t ask fr mre, and they get mre, and this hlds true with ther resurces, nt just pay increases. Cnsider Beth's stry.
I did nt get what I wanted when I did nt ask fr it. We had cubicle（小隔间）ffices and windw ffices. I sat in the cubicles with several male clleagues. One by ne they were mved int windw ffices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males wh were hired after me als went t ffices. One in particular tld me he was next in line fr an ffice and that it had been part f his negtiatins fr the jb. I guess they thught me cntent t stay in the cubicles since I did nt vice my pinin either way.
It wuld be nice we all received autmatic pay increases equal t ur merit（价值）, but "nice" isn't a quality shared by mst rganizatins. If yu feel yu deserve a gd raise in pay, yu'll prbably have t ask fr it.
Perfrmance is yur best bargaining chip （筹码） when yu are seeking a raise. Yu must be able t prve that yu deserve a raise. Timing is als a gd bargaining chip. If yu can give yur bss smething he r she needs（a new client r a sizable cntract, fr example）just befre merit pay decisins are being made, yu are mre likely t get the raise yu want.
Use infrmatin as a bargaining chip c. Find ut what yu are wrth n the pen market. What will smene else pay fr yur services?
G int the negtiatins prepared t place yur chips n the table at the apprpriate time and prepared t use cmmunicatin style t guide the directin f the interactin
5. What can be inferred frm Beth's stry?
A. Prejudice against wmen still exists in sme rganizatins.
B. If peple want what they deserve, they have t ask fr it.
C. Peple shuld nt be cntent with what they have gt.
D. Peple shuld be careful when negtiating fr a jb.
6. We can learn frm the passage that .
A. unfairness exists in salary increases
B. mst peple are verwrked and underpaid
C. ne shuld avid verstating ne's perfrmance
D. mst rganizatins give their staff autmatic pay raises
7. T get a pay raise, a persn shuld .
A. advertise himself n the jb market
B. persuade his bss t sign a lng-term cntact
C. try t get inside infrmatin abut the rganizatin
D. d smething t impress his bss just befre merit pay decisins
3
Asha, Tanzania
Hi there! My name is Asha and I'm frm Tanzania. Like mst teenagers, I start my day early and end it late. After schl, I study at a night schl t prepare fr the university entrance exam. When I have time ff, I prefer t be utdrs. I lve nature and animals. I'm quite upset abut hw we treat the envirnment, s I d my best t help. I vlunteer t plant trees and I'm a member f ur schl's Nature Club.
Samika, Bangladesh
Hi! I'm Samika and I'm 15. I wish I were a student, but I'm nt. I had t leave schl when I was 13 s that I culd get a jb and help my family. I wrk in a garment factry. It's unbelievably hard wrk and the days are s lng. Althugh everyne wrks hard, we still find time t play and laugh tgether. At times like these, the wrld feels like a wnderful place.
Frieder, Germany
Hi, Frieder here. S, I'm 16 and I g t a high schl in Munich. I'm nt crazy abut schl—listening t a teacher isn't my thing—but I knw I have t get an educatin. It's very difficult fr yung peple t find a jb in Eurpe, s I wrry a lt abut the future. Oh, and I'm a gaming nerd. I lve Internet games s much that I have started a gaming club in my schl. Maybe I'll see yu nline—my screen name is Fast Freddy.
8. Frm the passage, what can we learn abut Samika?
A. She has never felt happy because f her hard wrk.
B. She wrks after schl t supprt her family.
C. She dreams f ging t schl.
D. She wrks lng in a ty factry.
9. Frm the passage, which f the fllwing abut Asha is NOT true?
A. He studies hard t get well educated.
B. He tries his best t help prtect the envirnment.
C. He has started the Nature Club in his schl.
D. He prefers t g utdrs and lve animals.
10. Why is Frieder wrried abut the future?
A. Because jbs are hard fr the yuth t find.
B. Because he has n mney t pay fr his educatin.
C. Because he cannt find a jb n the Internet.
D. Because he desn't listen t his teachers.
4
I started t wrk as an editr fr a travel magazine. I didn’t really mind the wrk, but I wanted smething mre challenging. My sister sent me sme details fr a psitin in a start­up. The jb was a seemingly perfect mix f my skills and interests, s I jumped at it.
Hwever, sn after I jined the cmpany, its mdel changed t fcus n educatin, and everything abut my psitin changed. I was asked t take n the cmpletely different rles f selling cntents t teachers and training peple. I had n experience in sales, training r educatin. I felt mre a little utside my cmfrt zne.
I knew I wanted t grw as an individual and make a serius effect n the cmpany. I tld myself that everything feels verwhelming(巨大的)at first and I shuld at least try. In a way, I felt like I didn’t have a chice. I knew jumping ut f the nest was the right thing fr me, even thugh it felt pretty awful.
I was lucky t be surrunded by very helpful peple, bth at wrk and at hme. My bss never asked if I thught I culd d it; she asked if I was interested in trying.
I spent hurs researching my cmpany’s prducts. I asked lts f questins and spke t s many teachers that there were sn mre gd experiences than difficult nes. I lked fr chances t put in extra effrt. The mre I did, the better I felt.
Over time, I discvered that the jb was smething I culd d and liked ding. It was unbelievably rewarding t see the cmpany grw. I als learned it’s imprtant t take risks and accept new pprtunities, even when yu’re nt sure if yu’ll d well. I dn’t think there’s anything wrse than failing t try. I’m s glad I tried, and it surely paid ff.
11. Why did the authr want t change her jb?
A. She gt bred f her ld bss.
B. She fllwed her sister’s advice.
C. She was paid t little at her ld jb.
D. She intended t challenge smething new.
12. Hw did the authr feel after she entered the new cmpany?
A. Excited.B. Stressed.
C. Curius.D. Cmfrtable.
13. The authr culd finally handle her jb mainly because________. A. her bss trusted her t try
B. she knew she wuld d well
C. she was hardwrking and made a lt f effrt
D. peple arund her helped her slve the challenge
14. What’s the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T tell readers that failure is the mther f success.
B. T warn abut the risks and challenges when changing jbs.
C. T expse risks and challenges in a small and newly funded cmpany.
D. T encurage readers t take n challenges and turn risks int pprtunities.
5
If yu are a teenager withut a jb, yu prbably d nt have much extra mney. Smetimes parents will give their children a weekly pcket mney fr ding small husewrk, but it is ften nt enugh nce the children grw int teenagers and want t d things with their friends all f the time. Hw t make mney is an imprtant thing fr teens t learn. If yu’re wndering hw a teenager can make gd mney, sme ideas might be.
Getting a part-time jb at a lcal restaurant r stre is always a sure way t make mney as a teen. But getting a jb smewhere like this might be hard, cnsidering many jbs in lcal stres are being taken by adults mre and mre ften. Babysitting is always a gd way t make mney as a teenager, and finding jbs as a babysitter is ften easier than finding a jb at a stre.
Ding landscaping (绿化) is smething that mst adults d nt like t d, and teens can usually find jbs arund their neighbrhd ding the landscaping f friends and family Sme teens are gd at smething such as writing r phtgraphy. These teens can make mney by ding things such as writing articles fr newspapers r magazines r selling their phts nline.
Teens wh live in a cuntry area can try raising their wn animals such as chickens, and selling them r their prducts.
Lking fr jbs can seem hard at first, but if yu have a try, it shuld nt be t hard t find a jb r way t make mney.
15. What prblem d teenagers have t face when finding a jb in lcal stres?
A. Lw pay.B. Cmpetitin with grwn-ups.
C. Lng wrking hurs.D. Heavy wrk
16. What can we learn frm the text?
A. Getting a part-time jb is hard fr teens.
B. Mst grwn-ups hate ding landscaping.
C. Pcket mney frm parents is ften enugh fr teens.
D. Lking after babies is easier than serving custmers in a restaurant.
17. Which f the fllwing is easier fr teens frm the cuntry if they want t earn extra mney?
A. Babysitting.B. Ding landscaping.
C. Raising animals.D. Selling phts nline.
18. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Necessary Skills t Make Mney
B. Hw Imprtant Is Mney t a Teenager
C. Hw Can a Teenager Make Extra Mney
D. Teenagers Shuld Depend n Themselves
二、七选五
Three Key Steps t Mtivate Yur Team t Strive fr Excellence
It is a knwn fact that ne f the mst cmpelling reasns emplyees leave their jb is because they feel unappreciated, r that they bring n real value t their team.19. In rder t mtivate and build up a team fr excellence, there are sme key steps that yu shuld fllw.
20. This des nt mean that yu shuld hang ut with them at the lcal bar, r becme ne f their weekend buddies. What it des mean is that if yu want t mtivate yur team t excellence, then yu shuld take the time t get t knw yur team persnally by talking individually t them at different times, asking basic questins, and letting them see that yu are human and accessible. 21. Recgnize them as a persn, nt just their ability.
T ften, we are quick t praise peple fr a jb well dne, but we fail t let the persn knw that we appreciate them as a persn. Praise them fr that jb well dne, but take ntice f their persnal qualities and talents and hw they bring value t the team.22. Fr example: “Hey Jhnny, thse were sme great ideas yu came up with in the team meeting tday, I like the way yu think!”
Make their success public.
Take time in yur team meetings each week t recgnize and talk abut the peple wh made a difference that week.23. This makes thers want t push harder and d mre as they see that hard wrk is valued. Many times ther team members d nt knw what has happened in ther departments, r the accmplishments that they have had, s this is als a great way fr yur team t keep up with the latest and greatest.
A. Build a relatinship with yur team.
B. Treat yur team t smething special.
C. Let the rest f the team see that yu tk ntice and yu appreciate it.
D. Peple will find it difficult t “g alng” with yu if they cannt “get alng” with yu.
E.Smething special happens when we hear ur name—it tells us that we are imprtant.
F.If yu want t mtivate yur team t d their very best, yu have t let them knw that they are a vital part f yur team.
G.This shuld be dne in persn randmly s that they can see that yu are the ne wh nticed and yu knw they are n yur team.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上.
A reprter was interviewing an astrnaut. She asked him, "Hw have yu becme an astrnaut and, 24. （general）speaking, what are the requirements t becme an astrnaut?"
The astrnaut answered, "My experience as an astrnaut was brn thanks t the Aernautica Militare. When I 25. （enter）the Air Frce in 1995, my prject was t becme a pilt f tactical aircraft. After 26. （cmplete）my training at the Eur-NATO Jint Jet Pilt training schl, at Sheppard Air Frce Base, Texas, I returned t Italy t be a fighter pilt. Then, I was allwed 27. （becme）an experimental pilt and I graduated frm the EPNER, the French test pilt schl, in Istres. In 2008, with the experimental pilt identity, I culd apply 28. a career as an ESA astrnaut. There were （and there still are） tw 29. （path）t make neself becme an astrnaut: a pilt methd, fr thse wh have pilt experience, and a nn-pilt methd fr thse wh have a science（engineering, physics, medical, etc）backgrund. If yu are in the pilt path, being a test pilt gives yu mre pints in the selectin（选拔） because there 30. （be）much similarity between the pilt's wrk and 31. f the astrnaut. When I applied, back in 2008, tw astrnauts 32. （chse）frm the pilt methd and fur-actually five, including ne 33. was later added-came frm the nn-pilt methd. "
四、完形填空
1
Katie Whetsell has been enjying Disney mvies frm an early age and wuld ften watch them with her mm, Karen. Cnfident abut herself, Katie knew she 34 wuld be a perfrmer in the future.
When Katie was nine years ld, her family were shcked by an unexpected 35 . Katie’s mther was diagnsed(诊断）with cancer. When the dctr tld the Whetsell family that Karen's disease was serius, and that she was 36 t get well again, they made a(n) 37 . Disney Wrld had been a lngtime dream fr Karen. S the family headed t Disney Wrld fr a trip that nne f them wuld ever 38 .
While they were watching a light shw, a perfrmer put her hands n Karen's shulder. They exchanged smiles and, t this day, Katie still remembers hw 39 her mm lked. This was the day Katie decided she wanted t 40 fr Disney. Sadly, Katie's mm Karen lst her 41 . Her family members 42 her every day and ften think f that Disney vacatin.
Katie went n t pursue(追求）perfrming fr a living. She 43 fr years, wrking as a waitress and trying t make it as a(n) 44 . Her effrt finally 45 when she was hired as a perfrmer in Disney.
Katie says she culd help ther families get away frm the 46 in their lives, whether it's a battle with cancer r simply helping adults feel like kids again. “Everything we d at the parks makes a 47 . We give peple an pprtunity t 48 with their childhd.”
34. A. frtunatelyB. surelyC. nrmallyD. hardly
35. A. prpsalB. targetC. turnD. detail
36. A. unnecessaryB. unusualC. unwiseD. unlikely
37. A. decisinB. ruleC. judgmentD. chice
38. A. expectB. imagineC. enjyD. frget
39. A. surprisedB. delightedC. cncernedD. awkward
40. A. answerB. headC. accuntD. wrk
41. A. battleB. cnfidenceC. balanceD. anger
42. A. remindB. cnsiderC. rememberD. cmfrt
43. A. struggledB. rentedC. survivedD. pressed
44. A. vlunteerB. perfrmerC. starD. peratr
45. A. gt ffB. paid ffC. paid backD. gt back
46. A. tensinB. failureC. sufferingD. lss
47. A. differenceB. effrtC. respnseD. adventure
48. A. agreeB. cmpareC. liveD. recnnect
2
I'm standing in a class f wild 14-year-ld girls as they thrw paper and hwl with laughter. They wn't listen t me. I never wanted t 49 . I wanted t be a writer. But when I arrived in Lndn, they were 50 f teachers.
My effrts at teaching were 51 . When the bell finally rang, I 52 t the staff rm, red with anger. The ther teachers weren't 53 . “That's 4B, the wrst class in the schl.”
But I culdn't give up. I 54 frmal lessns. Instead, I brught tpics fr class 55 . One f the liveliest talks was abut the arguments they had 56 their parents. They paid attentin and 57 abut their lives. I was very interested, 58 , I had them write abut themselves. As time went n, their articles became a 59 between us. I admired their humr, tughness and insight, and I think they 60 my interest in their lives.
The musical My Fair Lady was playing in the West End, I asked if they'd like t see the musical. They thught I was jking and did nt take it 61 , since n teacher had ever 62 taking them ut. A few weeks later, 4B and I were sitting in a theater. They 63 the music and the characters. It was the highlight f their year, and they talked abut it fr days.
Near the end f 64 , smene kncked n the dr f the staff rm. The tw mst rebellius(叛逆的) girls in 4B were there-- with flwers. I was 65 t knw I had tuched their lives, but they had als tuched mine. I enjyed teaching and getting alng with 66 .
When I returned t Australia several years later, I still 67 t be a writer. Teaching wasn't the end f my writing career, it was the 68 .
49. A. guideB. perfrmC. selectD. leach
50. A. ashamedB. shrtC. carefulD. fnd
51. A. hpelessB. successfulC. greatD. special
52. A. marchedB. gatheredC. skippedD. rushed
53. A. terrifiedB. cnvincedC. surprisedD. delighted
54. A. adaptedB. abandnedC. preparedD. missed
55. A. discussinsB. prpsalsC. decisinsD. ptins
56. A. verB. withC. arundD. fr
57. A. cmmentedB. debatedC. quarreledD. shared
58. A. HweverB. MeanwhileC. TherefreD. Otherwise
59. A. memryB. bridgeC. secretD. barrier
60. A. appreciatedB. caughtC. ignredD. inspired
61. A. slightlyB. equallyC. seriuslyD. generusly
62. A. practicedB. suggestedC. mindedD. regretted
63. A. lvedB. challengedC. fllwedD. created
64. A. shwB. classC. jurneyD. term
65. A. anxiusB. prudC. cnfusedD. shcked
66. A. actrsB. teachersC. teenagersD. writers
67. A. wantedB. failedC. dubtedD. imprved
68. A. beliefB. symblC. hnrD. beginning
转折词
如but，hwever，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
总结词
如therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
疑问句
若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。