2021届高三英语二轮复习课件:湖北高考完成句子 虚拟语气 精讲精炼 (共45张PPT)
展开陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气
1. 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气。 2. 表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。
即,当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法、愿望、假想、猜测、怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。
虚 拟 语 气
二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化(1)
虚拟语气的条件从句的时态用法,要按虚拟的时间往后退一步,退成(相应的)过去。
二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化(2)
虚拟语气的结果主句的时态用法,要在虚拟从句的基础上往前进一步,进成(相应的)将来。
1. if条件从句中:
与过去事实相反 ★★★
错综时间虚拟条件句 ★
省略if的虚拟条件句 ★★★
三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点(1)
(1) 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
(2) 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(3) 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
(4) 错综时间虚拟条件句
(5) 省略 if的虚拟条件句
If I knew English, I ______________________ these English bks. (read)如果我懂英语,我就应该能读这些英语书了。
答案:shuld be able t read
Maybe if I __________________, and nt literature then, I wuld be able t give yu mre help.(study)如果那时我学理科而不是文学的话,我就能给你一些帮助了。
答案:had studied science
If yu had spent several mre hurs training, _____________________ better in the sprts meeting?(perfrm)如果你多花了几个小时训练,你难道不会在运动会上表现的更好吗?
答案:wuldn't yu have perfrmed
________________ the assigment by the deadline, I shuld call n yu and let's celebrate it tgether. (be)如果我在最后期限之前完成了任务, 我就该拜访你,一起庆祝。
答案:Were I t finish 或 If I were t finish
_________________, the massive unemplyment becmes pssible, which will make the unstable situatin wrse.(fail)万一做不到这一点,上述通胀解决方案就会成为可能。
答案:Shuld it fail t d s 或 If it shuld fail t d s
Had the histrian nt discvered and registered what actually happened in histry, we ______________________ the ancient times nw.(learn)如果这位历史学家没有发现并记录历史上真实发生的情况,我们如今就不会如此了解古代。
答案:wuldn't learn s much abut
三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点(2)
If it were/had nt fr …★If nly …★★What if …★Suppse/Suppsing that …★★(except) n cnditin that …★prvided that …★but that…(but fr)★★
if nly 与 nly if (1)
在if nly这个短语中,中心词是从属连接词if, 而副词nly只是加强if的语气的。if nly常常用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。例如: If nly she culd have lived a little lnger. 要是她能活得再长一些,那该多好啊!If nly yu hadn't tld him what I said, everything wuld have been all right.若是你没把我所说的华告诉他,就不会出什么问题了。
nly if 引起的条件状语从句,是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”,表示“只有……(才) ;只有在……的时候;唯一的条件是……”的意思;与if引起的一般条件句相比,它有一种增强主句语势的作用,不用虚拟语气。例如: Only if the case is urgent shuld yu call ut the dctr in the middle f the night. 只有患者情况紧急时,你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。【nly if引导的条件从句放在句首,主句要进行部分倒装。】
if nly 与 nly if (2)
except n cnditin that
except n cnditin that … = unless
例题:I culdn't have bught the car except n cnditin that _____________________________. (have)我本不能买那辆车,除非我当时有钱。答案:I had had enugh mney
but that 与 but fr
1. but that是连词词组,后跟从句;而but fr是介词词组,后跟名词、代词、动名词等。2. but that的意思是“要不是…的话”,是一种对事实相反的虚构,因此要用虚拟语气。
★但需特别注意的是,but that引导的从句要用陈述语气,形式上是肯定,但意义上是否定;主句谓语动词则需要用虚拟语气的形态。
例句:She wuld have fallen but that he caught her. = She wuld have fallen if he hadn't caught her.要不是他抓住了她,她就掉下去了。
If it __________________________ that yu had been ill, I wuld ask yu t d this right nw. (be)要不是你病了,我马上就让你去做这件事。
答案:were nt fr the fact
The wrld wuld prbably have been a wrse place nw had __________________________. (decisin)如果没有他们的这些决定,全球形势现在很可能更糟。
答案:it nt been fr their decisins
__________________ in China, I wuld have been t many turist attractins. (nly)只要是我住在中国,我肯定去过许多旅游胜地了。
答案:If nly I lived
What if I ________________________________ wrk?(fall)万一我生病,不能工作,怎么办?
答案:shuld fall sick and nt be able t
But fr the warning message, mre lives _______________________ in the fld.(lse)要不是这个警报信息,更多的生命可能已经葬送在这洪水中了。
答案:wuld have been lst
Suppsing ________________________________wh desn't seem yur type f persn, hw wuld yu tell him that yu dn't want t be his friend?(have)假如你有一个与你似乎不搭调的朋友,你怎么告诉他你不想喝他做朋友?
答案:yu had a friend
He wuld have helped us but ______________________ at the time.(be)他本应帮我们的忙, 无奈他当时缺少资金。
答案:that he was shrt f mney
Nthing wuld please her ______________________. (that)只有我们一道去, 她才会高兴.
答案:but(except) that we g alng
三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点(3)
wuld rather ★★★I wish … ★★★lest / fr fear that …★in case that (in case / in case f)★★as if ★even if ★s lng as…★含蓄虚拟条件句 ★★★
wuld rather (1)
wuld rather
wuld rather后接不带t的不定式
wuld rather + d 表示现在或未来的一种主观愿望或选择。例:I'd rather d it tday.
wuld rather + have dne 表示过去的某种选择不恰当。例:I'd rather have stayed at hme than went t the dull film.
wuld rather后接从句
wuld rather + 从句(一般过去时) ,表示现在或未来的愿望。例:I'd rather yu didn't d anything abut it fr the time being.
wuld rather + 从句(过去完成时) ,表示现在或未来的愿望。例:I'd rather she hadn't dne that.
wuld rather (2)
句型wuld rather ……than……和wuld …… rather than ……
【比较】I wuld rather stay at hme than she shuld take me t her club. 表示现在的意愿 对将来事实的虚拟I wuld rather have stayed at hme than she tk me t her club. 表示对过去事实的虚拟(反省) 过去真实发生过的事实
than后的从句中,谓语中有shuld,则表示对将来未发生之事的虚拟语气。如果than后的从句中,谓语动词是一般过去时,则表示与某个真实发生过的事情相对比,应有更好的选择。
wish+宾语从句 (1)
主+wish主+wished
宾语从句中谓语动词用were或动词过去式例:I wish the mn were shining at the mment.
宾语从句中谓语动词用had+过去分词或wuld/culd+have+过去分词例:I wish I had never seen her. I wish I culd have finished writing the bk reprt yesterday. But I was t busy.
宾语从句中谓语动词用wuld/shuld(culd/might)+动词原形,表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望例:He wished she might d better next time.
【注意】:wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。如果将wish改为wished 其后that从句中的动词形式不受影响。
例句:Melanie wuld die and she had wished that she wuld die.媚兰会死掉,她本来就希望她死的。(选自《飘》)He had wished that UFOs were real ever since he first heard the term at the age f eight.自从他在8岁时听说这个词儿,他就希望UFO是真的。
wish+宾语从句 (2)
主+ had wished that … (were或wuld/shuld + 动词原形)表示过去未能实现的愿望。
had wished t d sth = wished t have dne sth 过去未能实现的愿望,意为:希望曾经做过 had wished sb t d sth = wished sb t have dne sth过去未能实现的愿望, 意为:希望某人曾经做过Jan had wished t becme a musician at the age f sixteen.The framer wished t have sent his sn t a famus university.The patient had wished the dctr t examine him again befre the peratin.The driver wished his car t have been filled with gas the day befre.
in case (1)
in case引导的句子,即可以用陈述语气,又可以用虚拟语气。若用虚拟语气,从句的谓语动词为shuld+V原,shuld可以省略。
例句:The games will be pstpned in case it (shuld) snw.※注※:这里之所以用shuld+V原的虚拟形态,是因为in case it (shuld) snw比in case it snws的可能性小很多,因此才需要虚构。因此,在做题时,若遇见in case,需要仔细读题干,分清说话者对事实可能性程度的判断。
in case (2)
1. in case 和 in case f在意义上区别不大,都是“以防(万一)”之义。经常可能互换。2. in the case that 和 in the case f,与第一点中的意义完全无关,意为“在这种情况之下”。
Hwever, in the case that the incme exceeds 300 thusand yuan, fr the part which exceeds 300 thusand yuan, incme tax _________________________.(apply)但是,如收入超过30万元人民币,则对于30万元以上部分,应照常征收所得税。
答案:shall be applied as usual
常见的可以用来表达含蓄虚拟语气的结构:r, therwise, with, withut, but, under … cnditin
例句:Withut steel, there wuld be n industry. 没有钢就没有工业。With yur aid I wuld have succeeded in perfrming my task.当初若有你的帮助,我就会完成任务的。We culd have dne better under mre favrable cnditins. 假设我们有更有利的条件,我们还会做得更好。
________________, what d yu think he wuld d fr the cmpany.(be)即使他在这里, 你认为他会为公司做什么?
答案:Even if he were here
As _________________________ mney, I culd buy a car. (have)只要我有更多的钱,我就能买一辆车。
答案:lng as I had mre
He did it carefully fr fear that ______________________.(make)他很仅慎地做这件事,唯恐再次犯同样的错误。
答案:he might make the same mistake again
It isn't as if _________________________ the wner f the prperty. In fact he admitted that the prperty belnged t his uncle.(claim)他又没有声称自己拥有那些财产呀!事实上,他承认那些财产属于他叔叔。
答案:he had claimed t be
Chuck als learns that he __________________ abut his friends.(care)查克还认识到,他本该多关心他的朋友们一点的。
答案:shuld have care mre
We think he __________________ n the business, since he is always shrt f repnsibility. (ught)我们认为不该派他去出差的,因为他一贯缺乏责任心。
答案:ught nt t have been sent
I ________________ t the party yesterday, but I had t finish the paper. (cme)昨天我本来会来参加聚会,但是我不得不完成那篇论文。
答案:wuld have cme
I didn't knw that he was a liar, r else I _____________. (believe)我不知道他是个骗子,不然我不会相信他。
答案:wuldn't have believed him
四、表示强烈语气的虚拟语气句型 (1)
名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1
坚持 insist命令 rder, cmmand决心 decide, determine要求 ask, demand, request, require建议 suggest, advise, recmmend, prpse, recmmend, advise其他 desire, intend, prefer, prmise, urge有时,上述动词+宾语从句不是表示主张、建议或要求等,而是表示其它的意义,这时则仍用陈述语气。如当insist表示对已发生过的事物的看法,或当suggest为“说明了”,“暗示”等含义时,从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气 2
名词性从句中的虚拟语气 3
在expect,believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句经常用“shuld+动词原形或完成形式”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。 I never thught that he shuld be such a brave yung sldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。 I never expected that the prblem shuld be s cmplicated. 我从没想到问题会这样复杂。 I just culdn’t believe that he shuld be s ignrant. 我简直不相信他会这样无知。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气 4
【注意】:在以上句型中,如果表达的是对过去事实的惊讶、喜悦、遗憾、惋惜等情感色彩时,要用shuld+have dne的结构。此时,主句中的be动词的时态,与从句中动词的虚拟形态没有关系。
定语从句中的虚拟语气 1
虚拟语气用于 "It is time"后的定语从句中,表示早该做而未做的事,含建议的意味,在此类句子中,定语从句的谓语一般用过去式或shuld+V原(shuld不能省)。
定语从句中的虚拟语气 2
注意区分 it is the first time 和 it is time
It / That / This + is / was /will be + the 序数词 + time 后面的从句用相应的完成时态。 【注】如果是will be, 从句多用现在完成时代替将来完成时。例句:It was the first time (that) he had finished his cmpsitin in thirty minutes.It will be the secnd time she has been t Beijing.
注意区分 may well 和 may as well
may well 主要用于加强推测的语气,表示具有较大的可能性。 如: It may well be true. 那很可能是真的。【注】may well 中的 may 也可换成 might 或 culd,但语气更不确定。 如: He might well lse his jb. 他多半会丢了那份工作。may as well 主要用于表示提议或劝告,意为“不妨”。 如: If that is the case, I may as well try. 既然如此,我不妨试一试。【注】当表示提议或劝告时,may as well 与 might as well 意思相同; 但是 might as well 还可将一种不愉快的情况同另一种不愉快的情况作比较,含有抱怨的意味,通常译为“还不如”,此时不能用 may as well。 如: This hliday isn’t much fun; we might as well be back hme. 这个假日过得真没意思,我们还不如待在家里。
He has suggested that the situatin wuld be much wrse nw if _____________________ in time, after the epidemic brke ut, t islate the affected victims.(take)他已经暗示,在流行病爆发之后,如果不及时采取行动来隔离受感染者,情况会变得更糟。
答案:n actin was taken
At the tea cnference, the chair tasted and expressed his best wishes that _________________________ gd health and a rewarding life. (enjy)在茶话会上,主席敬酒,并表达了他对所有在场的人身体健康,生活美满的祝福。
答案:all the peple present shuld enjy
It is impssible t imagine ___________________ withut the sun's energy. (live)真是难以想象,没有阳光的能量,人类如何生存。
答案:hw man culd live
It is surprising that he ________________ eight meat pies within half an hur withut any digestin disrders. (eat)他在半个小时内吃掉了八个肉馅饼,而没有任何消化紊乱,真是让人惊讶。
答案:shuld have eaten
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