牛津译林版九年级下册Unit 4 Life on Mars教案设计

Grammar

Teaching aims:

Master conversion between simple sentence and complex sentence.

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Present some new words.

aware  adj. 知道，意识到

e.g. Are you aware how far Mars is away from the sun?

circle vt. 围绕，将一圈起来

e.g. It takes Mars about two Earth years to circle around the Sun once.

agreement n. 一致，同意

e.g. Are scientists in agreement that living on Mars would be possible for humans

    in the future?

distance n. 距离，远处

e.g. Are you aware of the distance between Mars and the sun?

possibility n. 可能性

e.g. Do scientists agree about the possibility of living on Mars?

Step 2 Explanation

简单句和复合句的转换

我们可以用介词短语把状语从句转换成简单句，我们可以用介词把宾语从句和定语从句转换成简单句

A  Using adverbial clauses or simple sentences

We can rewrite some adverbial clauses in simple sentences with at the age of, because of and without.

转换时要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。

Neil Armstrong received his student pilot’s licence When he was 16.

Neil Armstrong received his student pilot’s licence at the age of 16.

People might float in space because the gravity is slow.

People might float in space because of the low gravity.

Humans cannot survive if there is no food, water or oxygen.

Humans cannot survive without food, water or oxygen.

Exercises 1

Daniel is writing about visiting another planet. Help him rewrite the sentences

using the words in brackets.

1. Neil Armstrong took his first flight when he was only six. (at the age of)

2. Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into outer space at the age of 30.(when)

3. People might move to another planet in the future because the population on the earth is increasing rapidly. (because of)

4. If there is no fresh food, meals will not be as tasty as they are on the earth. (without)

5. It would be funny to play football on Mars because of the low gravity. (because)

6. Without special boots, you cannot walk on Mars.(if…not )

Keys: 1. Neil Armstrong took his first flight at the age of six.

     2. Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into outer space when he was 30.

     3. People might move to another planet in the future because of the increasing rapidly population.

     4. Meals will not be as tasty as they are on the earth without fresh food.

     5. It would be funny to play football on Mars because the gravity is low.

     6. If you don’t have special boots, you cannot walk on Mars.

Exercises 2

把下面的复合句改成简单句

1. He learnt to swim when he was eight years old.

2. He could not go to the party because he had too much homework.

3. He cannot solve this problem if he has no help.

Keys: He learnt to swim at the age of eight.

He could not go to the party because of too much homework.

     He cannot solve this problem without help.

B  Using object clauses or simple sentences

We can rewrite some object clauses in simple sentences with prepositions like of and about.

常用的一些动词和介词的搭配有：

remind somebody of…使某人想起……

Be sure/certain about…对……确信

The smell of the pills reminds them that food on the Earth is tasty.

The smell of the pills reminds them of the tasty food on the Earth.

Are they sure that space travel will be very fast?

Are they sure about the fast speed of space travel?

Exercises 3

Millie knows little about the planet Mars. She is asking Daniel for more information. Rewrite Millie’s sentences using the words in brackets.

Millie: (1) Are you aware how far Mars is away from the Sun?

Daniel: Yes. Mars is about 142,000,000 miles away from the Sun. It takes Mars

       about two Earth years to cycle around the Sun once.

Millie: (2) Are scientists in agreement that living on Mars would be possible for humans in the future?

Daniel: No. But they’re working hard to learn more about Mars.

Millie: (3) Do they think that the low gravity on Mars might be a problem?

Daniel: Yes, they do.

Millie: (4) Are you aware that transport could be like on Mars?

Daniel: It could be much better than that on the Earth. However, scientists aren’t  sure whether people could grow plants on Mars.

Millie: (5) I wonder how many people would like to move to Mars. (6) I think people should know that life on Mars would be different from that on the Earth.

1. Are you aware

  _____________________________________ (distance)?

of the distance between Mars and the sun

2. Do scientists agree

  _____________________________________ (possibility)?

about the possibility of living on Mars

3. Have they thought

  _____________________________________ (problem)?

about the low gravity problem

4. Are you aware

  ___________________________________ (transport)?

  of the transport on the Mars

5. I wonder

_________________________________________________ (number).

the number of the people who would like to move to Mars

6. I think people should know

  ___________________________________________________ (differences).

the differences between life on Mars and that on Earth

More exercises 4

把下面的宾语从句改为简单句。

1. The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago.

  The photos remind me of my trip to the UK five years ago.

2. Are you certain that Tom is satisfied with the plan?

 Are you certain about Tom’s satisfaction with the plan?

C We can rewrite some defining relative clauses in simple sentences with

prepositions like with and in.

People might live in houses which have huge comfortable rooms.

People might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms.

On Mars you might see people who wear special boots.

On Mars you might see people in special boots.

Exercise 5

Simon is writing about Mars. Rewrite the defining relative clauses in simple

sentences with prepositions with or in.

1. Mars is a planet that has an environment similar to that of the earth.

   _________________________________________________________________

   Mars is a planet with an environment similar to that of the Earth.

2. Astronauts who wear space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours.   ___________________________________________________________________

  Astronauts in space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours.

3. It is difficult to breathe on a planet that has much thinner air than that on the Earth.

  _________________________________________________________________

  It is difficult to breathe on a planet with much thinner air than that on the Earth.

4. On Mars there might be people who carry air tanks on their backs.

   __________________________________________________________________

 On Mars there might be people with air tanks on their backs.

Exercise 6

Simon is interested in stories about aliens. He even writes to aliens. Replace each of the underlined parts in his letter with another expression.

Dear aliens,

Humans are thinking about moving to another planet (1) because the pollution on the Earth is very serious. Many people do not doubt (2) that life on Mars would be very interesting, but I am not sure. We could not play football on Mars (3) because of the low gravity. Life would be boring for me (4) if I could not play football. Maybe this problem could be solved by building indoor playgrounds (5) which have the same football fields as those on the Earth.

By the way, would strangers be welcome? I hope to hear from you soon.

Simon

Keys: because of the serious pollution.

     if life on Mars would be interesting on Mars,

     because the gravity is low

     without playing football.

     with the same football fields as those on the Earth.

Exercise 7

把下面定语从句改为简单句。

1. Do you know the girl who is holding two books in her hand?

  Do you know the girl with two books in her hand?

2. The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher.

  The man in a blue shirt is our English teacher.

Step 3Homework

复习简单句和复合句的转换。