2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题强化练七阅读理解之词义猜测题

专题强化练(七)　阅读理解之词义猜测题

A

(2020·广东化州第一次模拟)Nature is like a great magician，performing wonders on Earth.One of them is the Amazon rainforest，the world's largest and home to millions of plants and animals.Nicknamed “the lungs of our planet”，it generates about one­fifth of Earth's oxygen.However，this wonderful natural wonder is currently in danger.  

Thousands of fires have broken out in Brazil，endangering much of the rainforest.These blazes have lasted several weeks and are believed to be the “most intense” in almost a decade，according to BBC News.

The Amazon has seen a large number of fires in 2019.Between January and August，there were over 74，000 fires，the highest number since 2013，the BBC reported.

Forest fires are common during the dry season，which runs from July to October.They are usually caused by natural events，such as lightning strikes.However，most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers，who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture to clean land，reported CNN.    

The disaster has raised concern around the world.The Amazon rainforest is important for preventing climate change，said the BBC，absorbing millions of tons of carbon annually.When trees are cut down or burned，the rainforest's capacity  (能力) to absorb carbon is reduced.    

Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he's worried.If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed，the Amazon rainforest could reach a tipping point (临界点) where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah (大草原). 

Nobre warned that it is not far off，with between 15 and 17 percent of the rainforest having already been destroyed.    

The Brazilian government has sent soldiers to fight the fires.Many people have offered their support and called for recovery efforts.For example，Tim Cook，CEO of Apple，said he wanted to donate money and US Actor Leonardo DiCaprio's environmental charity，Earth Alliance，created a donation fund to help deal with the crisis.

The public are also encouraged to donate to charities concerned with rainforest preservation  (保护)．“Every little bit helps in a tragic situation like this，” commented Gizmodo.

1．The underlined word “intense” in Para.2 probably means________．

A．natural　　　　　　 B．fierce

C．common   D．unexpected

2．What is the main cause of forest fires in the Amazon rainforest this year?

A．Lightning strikes.   B．Hot weather.

C．Agricultural activities. D．Garbage left by tourists.

3．What was Nobre worried about in the article?

A．Global temperatures will rise.

B．The Amazon rainforest is close to disappearing.

C．Animals in the Amazon rainforest are under threat.

D．It will take decades for the Amazon rainforest to recover.

4．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?

A．What the Brazilian government has done to fight fires.

B．Celebrities who care about rainforest preservation.

C．The possible future of the Amazon rainforest.

D．Efforts made to save the Amazon rainforest.

【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。世界上最大的雨林——亚马逊雨林，也是数百万动植物的家园，它被称为“地球的肺”，然而，这个奇妙的自然奇观目前正处于危险之中。火灾危及大片雨林。

1．解析：词义猜测题。根据上文“These blazes have lasted several weeks”可知，这些大火持续了几周，时间过长，在这十年内，应该是“最凶猛的”。故选B。

答案：B

2．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“However，most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers，who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture to clean land”可知，今年大部分火灾被认为是由农民引起的，他们把火作为热带农业的传统来清洁土地。故选C。

答案：C

3．解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he's worried.If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed，the Amazon rainforest could reach a “tipping point(临界点)”where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah(大草原)”可知，卡洛斯·诺布雷担心如果超过20%的生态系统被破坏，亚马逊雨林可能会达到一个“临界点”，茂密的丛林将变成热带大草原。所以他是担心雨林会灭绝，故选B。

答案：B

4．解析：主旨大意题。根据最后两段中描述government，many people，the public所做的贡献，可知，这都是为了保护雨林做的努力。故选D。

答案：D

B

(2020·山东烟台高三阶段性测试)Every year，the brightest young scientists from around the globe come together to participate in the world's largest pre­college science competition，the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). They demonstrate their knowledge of science and engineering to improve the way we work and live.

One of 2019's winners，Katie Lu，found a method for removing oil from water.This concept can also be applied to the removal of microplastics from our oceans as well.   

Here is what Katie told reporters：

My experience at Intel ISEF was amazing！I remember on judging day，walking the exhibit hall and looking at the people gathered outside waiting to get in.My teacher turned to me and said，“That's the future right there.” It was so amazing to spend time with all of these participants who are going to do amazing things in the future.    

My scientific career has taught me not to fear failure and not to be afraid to ask for help.It's really easy to be overwhelmed(挫败) and wonder if what you're doing is going to work out，but even if it doesn't，it's OK！Always look on the positive side！A failure now doesn't mean you're a failure forever. Failure makes success feel earned when it comes.Also，asking for help is good when you're struggling.You learn how to do things a lot faster and more efficiently.

I'm shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change.It is real，it is dangerous and it is one of the most important issues of our generation. Reducing carbon emissions isn't a “should”；it is a “must” to continue living on the planet.Additionally，people aren't really worried about their personal impact on the earth in terms of littering，overusing plastic or wasting resources.If we don't curb harmful human activity before it's too late，it will be a problem that affects all humans，not just those that contribute.

5．What seems to concern Katie most?

A．Ocean exploration.

B．The overpopulation on the earth. 

C．Environmental problems.

D．The shortage of natural energy.

6．What can we learn from what Katie's teacher said?

A．No Intel ISEF，no future.

B．All the talents are at the Intel ISEF.

C．The participants will make the future amazing.

D．Katie should try to do better than the other participants.

7．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us?

A．The setbacks Katie experienced in her science. 

B．The relationship between failure and success.  

C．Seeking help is a short cut to doing things well.

D．What Katie has gained from her scientific career.

8．What does the underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph most probably mean?

A．Punish.   B．Control.

C．Deny.    D．Measure.

【语篇解读】　Katie是2019年英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛(Intel ISEF)的获胜者之一。Katie发现了一种从水中去除油的方法，而这一概念也可用于从海洋中去除微塑料。同时，Katie呼吁人们要注意自己的行为对环境的影响。

5．解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容及最后一段中的“I'm shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change.It is real，it is dangerous and it is one of the most important issues of our generation.”可知，Katie最关心的是环境问题。故选C。

答案：C

6．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“My teacher turned to me and said.‘That's the future right there.’It was so amazing to spend time with all of these participants who are going to do amazing things in the future.”可知，Katie认为花时间和所有这些参赛者在一起很棒，因为他们将来会做一些令人惊奇的事情。即参赛者将使未来充满惊喜。故选C。

答案：C

7．解析：段落大意题。根据第五段中的“My scientific career has taught me not to fear failure and not to be afraid to ask for help.”可知，本段主要介绍的是Katie从其科学生涯中学到的东西。故选D。

答案：D

8．解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“it will be a problem that affects all humans...”可知，此处表达的是在还不是太晚之前控制人类的有害活动。由此可知curb是“控制”的意思。故选B。

答案：B

C

(2020·陕西高三年级第二次联考)Have you ever caught yourself saying “I hate small talk！”the minute you walk into a party? If so，you might be an introvert(内向的人)．Introverts hate to chat about “small” subjects with people.They are fine when you talk one­on­one but seem to get lost in the crowd when there's a group around.

If you're talking to an introvert，you might find that your first few conversations go one of two ways.Either they'll seem to get bored and not say much or they'll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in­depth topics.What you need to know is that the introvert are not being rude.It's just that they don't like small talk.Here's why.

Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conver­sations. Some introverts don't realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics.You don't need to stay on small talk forever.However，sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time.Small talk is very fast.Someone says something and this should be followed up with a quick response.But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud.Before they answer，they'll mull over different thoughts.

Small talk by its very nature invites more people to join in.The more people who join the conversation，the more the introvert will tend to step back.As a result，they'll be quiet.

Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.

The listening involved with small talk is not in­depth.The purpose is about listening “lightly” so you can figure out the right topics to spend some time on.Introverts tend to be great listeners，but they use active listening rather than light listening.This makes them wonderful friends，but can also make it difficult for new people to understand why they're so quiet.

9．How do introverts respond to a chat?

A．They try to avoid it.

B．They get excited about it.

C．They give it their full attention.

D．They focus on unimportant topics.

10．What do we know about small talk?

A．It goes slowly.

B．It costs people a lot of time.

C．It contributes to deeper topics.

D．It provides much useful information.

11．What does the underlined phrase“mull over” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Give up.   B．Think over.

C．Write down.   D．Forget about.

12．How can we become a good talker in small conversations?

A．Figure out the deep meaning of questions.

B．Think twice before answering questions.

C．Try to find shared topics.

D．Be a quiet listener.

【语篇解读】　文章介绍了内向的人不喜欢闲聊及其原因，引导我们正确地认识闲聊的作用并理解内向的人。

9．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Either they'll seem to get bored and not say much or they'll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in­depth topics.”可知，性格内向者要么很厌烦不想多说，要么避免闲谈。故选A项。

答案：A

10．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Small talk serves as a gateway...get to the bigger topics.”可知，闲聊有助于引出更深层次的话题。故选C项。

答案：C

11．解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud.”可知，内向的人喜欢在说话前仔细斟酌，也就是说，他们回答前会仔细考虑不同的想法。think over意为“认真考虑”，符合语境。故选B项。

答案：B

12．解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Small talk is about...a common point of interest.”可知，想要成为一个健谈的人，需要找到共同的话题。故选C项。

答案：C