专题06 动词 备战2020年中考英语语法专题加餐练
展开考点一、动词及其分类分类
动词主要功能是充当谓语,用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:
The by runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为
He is a by.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a by表示主语的状态
动词
系动词
情态动
助动词
实义动
系动词+表语
情态动+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
独立充当谓语
充当谓语
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即连系动词、情态动词、助动词和行为动词(也称实义动词)。
考点二、系动词的用法
连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。连系动词可具体分为三类:
1、表示“是”的动词be。它在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式。如:
He was a sldier tw years ag.(两年前他是个士兵。)
We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)
2、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如becme, get, grw, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:
She became a cllege student.(她成了一名大学生。)
He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)
3、表示“感觉”的词,如lk(看起来),smell(闻起来),sund(听起来)等,例如:
The stry sunds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)
The flwers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)
系动词
be动词
“保持”“变化”
感官动词
be+adv.+adj“如何是”
becme,seem,turn,grw,get,keep,stay
lk,sund,taste,smell,feel
常接形容词作表语
主谓一致
考点三、情态动词的用法
这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, culd, might等。它们没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思。
构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面;构成否定句时,nt放在这些情态动词之后。可用它们的缩写形式(can’t, cannt, mustn’t等)。例如:
I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会
He can’t walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can’t, 不必
May I cme in?(我可以进来吗?)may, 可以
情态动词
意思答语
表示推测
may答语:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,yu can.
否定Srry, but yu can’t/mustn’t
“一定”must
“必须” Must I…?Yes, yu must.
N, yu needn’t/dn’t have t.
“不得不” D I have t..? Yes, yu must.
N, yu needn’t/dn’t have t.
“需要”实义动词:nt need t d sth.
情态动词:needn’t d sth.
Wuld yu like t d?答语“I’d like t”
“I’d like t, but.”
had better “最好(不)做某事”
Yu’d better d…/Yu’d better nt d…
“可能”may,might,culd
“不可能”can’t
考点四、助动词
助动词
狭义概念:“赠送的”
扩展概念:“自带的”
d,des,did
凡谓语由两部分构成之前者
句型操作及答语
实义动词身份
助动词身份/强调功能
这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:
He des nt speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)句中的des是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与nt一起构成否定形式。
Did he have any milk and bread fr his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。
考点五、实义动词
实义动词
时态
语态
名称
被动:be+dne
及物动词必须跟宾语
不及物动词不直跟宾语
谓动
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
★过去将来时
现在完成时
★过去完成时
d/des
did
be+ding
was/were+ding
will+d
wuld+d
have/has+dne
had+dne
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
含情态动词
选项有无被动只需考虑时态
该而不:感官发生实现出版
使役动词正常不带t被动则带
意思需要
时间标志
意思
平时经常做
某次过去做
现在正在做
过去正在做
现在将要做
过去将要做
到现在已做
到过去已做
实义动词又叫行为动词,是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语,有人称、数和时态的相应变化。例如:
I live in Beijing with my mther.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住
It has a rund face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有
考点六、动词词形变化
动词在句子中充当谓语的同时,随着时态或语态的变化,也有自己的特有变化。
动词词形变化
第三人称单数
现在分词
+s
s,x,sh,ch,+es
辅+y→i+es
不规则
+ing
去e+ing
双写+ing
+ed
辅+y→i+ed
双写+ed
不规则
辅元辅,且重读,不忘双写尾字母(除组合外)
过去式、过去分词
ie→y+ing
考点七、非谓语动词及其应用。
非谓语动词
作主语被视为单数
现在分词ding
过去分词dne
不定式t d
作主语
常被形式主语it代替
作主语
have sth. dne使被
判定:后有谓动
be ding“正在做”
作表语
be+t d “是做”
作宾语
be dne“被做”
被形式宾语it代替
作宾语
省t或不省
作宾补
要后置,省介否
作定语
表目的,原因
作状语
宾从省略式
疑问词+t d
一、选择填空
1.There__lts f peple at the restaurant when I gt there.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
2.Yu ____ eat the sup if yu dn’t like it.
A.shuldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
3.This sentence _______ right. Please write it dwn.
A.feels B.sunds C.tastes D.smells
4.My sister wants a new dress. She _________ it t the party.
A.wears B.has wrn C.wre D.is ging t wear
5.I didn’t hear yu because I ________ the news n the radi.
A.listen t B.am listening t C.listened t D.was listening t
6.I _______ my hmewrk, I guess I can’t jin yu.
A.dn’t finish B.didn’t finish C.haven’t finished D.wn’t finish
7.-Whse is the pencil bx?
-It ________ be Tm’s. Lk at his name n the cver!
A. canB. mayC. mustD. need
8. ________ a bk in the library, enter a key wrd int the cmputer.
A. T findB. FindC. T writeD. Write
9. The clthing stre ________ a sale. The clthes there are very cheap.
A. hasB. hadC. is havingD. was having
10. Miss Zhang, the mst beautiful teacher, ________ many flwers these days.
A. receivedB. will receive C. was receivingD. has received
11. Yur sweater lks smart. Where ________ yu ________ it?
A. d, get B. did, getC. will, getD. have, gt
12.We ften hear her after class.
A.sing B.t sing C.sings D.sang
13. —D we have t finish ur hmewrk this afternn?
—Yes, yu ______.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
14. I’d like yu ______ fr a picnic with us.
A. g B. t g C. ging D. went
15. Hng Kng___________ t be a gd place fr eating tday.
A. knws B. knew C. is knwn D. was knwn
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Nancy ften ges______ (swim) with her friends in summer
2.I want ______ (g) t the shp.
3.The little girl likes ________ (play) basketball. She______ (play) n the playgrund nw.
4.The teacher _______ (g) t schl n ft every day.
5.Let's _________ (speak) English.
6.-_______ the man ________ (pen) the windw?
-N, he isn't. He is __________ (clse) the windw.
7. I _________ (lend) her sme CDs the day befre yesterday。
8. I'm srry ___________ (wake) yu up.
9.Wuld yu please___________(nt play) with the chalk?
10.Yu'd better________________(pass) this bk t her.
三、根据所给汉语或首字母提示写出下列句中所缺的名词
1 Lk! A little girl _______ (游泳) in the river(河).
2.I dn't have any pens. I think she ______ (有) sme.
3.Dn't _______ (读) yur bks. Please ________ (听) t me nw.
4.Can yu help me _________ (搬运) the bx?
5.Can I _________ (借) yur bike?
6.D yu like ________ (看电视)?
7. My parents are busy _________ (为……做准备) the visitrs.
8.I think yu'd better nt ________ (出去) alne at night.
9. D yu mind my _____ (听音乐)? ---Never mind.
10.I am afraid f _____(游泳), but Tm ften _______(教) me_____(游泳).
11.What abut ________ (坐) here ? OK , let me _________ (坐) here.
12.Tmrrw ________ (是) my birthday. I want _______ (举行) a birthday party . Wuld yu ________ (来) t my party?
13. He mustn't __________ (停放) his car here . ___________ (看) at the sign " NO parking.
14.Yu need _________ (穿戴) warm clthes in winter.
15.Wh ________(教) yu English last term?
四、词语运用
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整,每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
Can animals be made t wrk fr us ? Sme scientists __1__ that ne day animals __2__ be taught t d a number f simple jbs .They __3__ that in a film r n TV we may __4__ elephants, mnkeys ,dgs ,bears ,r ther animals ding a lt f things .If yu __5__ carefully , yu may find that thse animals are given smething t eat in return fr __6__ them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught t d a number f simple jbs if they will get smething __7__.
Of curse, as we knw , dgs can be used t guard a huse ,and elephants can be used t d sme heavy jbs. And we can als teach animals __8__ in factries. Apes ,fr example have __9__ used in America t help make cars and scientists ___10__ that these mnkeys may ne day get in crps and even drive trains .
五、完形填空
Mrs. Green lives in the cuntry, and she ___1__ knw Lndn very well. One day, she ges t Lndn, but she 2 find her way. Just then, she 3 a man near the bus stp. “ I can ask him the way. ” she 4 . Then she ges ver t the man and asks,“ Excuse me, will yu please
5 me the way t King Street?” But the man desn’t say anything. He 6 Cuba. He desn’t 7 English. He cmes t Lndn fr a 8 . He takes ut a bk and 9 smething n it. Then he 10 it t Mrs. Green,“Srry, I can’t speak English.”
( )1. A. desB. desn’tC. dD. dn’t
( )2. A. mayB. may ntC. can’tD. can
( )3. A. lks atB. watchesC. seesD. lks
( )4. A. thinksB. t thinkC. is thinkingD. think
( )5. A.saidB. sayC. talkD. tell
( )6. A. amB. isC. isn’t D. are
( )7. A. speakB. speaksC. speakingD. spke
( )8. A. walkB. swimC. visitD. lk
( )9. A. writingB. writeC. writesD. wrte
( )10. A. shwsB. givesC. getsD. takes
参考答案:
一、1—5BDBDD 6—10ACACD 11—15BAABC
二、1.swimming 2.t g 3. playing; is playing 4.ges 5. speak 6.Is penning; clsing 7. lend 8. t wake 9. nt play 10.pass
三、1.is swimming 2.has 3.read; listen 4.carry 5.brrw 6.watching TV 7.get ready fr 8.g ut 9.listenning t Music 10.swimming; teaches; t swim 11.sitting; sit 12.is; t have; cme 13. park;lk 14. wear/ t wear 15.teaches
四、1.think 2.may 3.say 4.see 5.watch 6.ding 7. t eat 8.t wrk 9.been 10.believe
五、1—5BCCAD 6—10BACCAsay, d , wrk , believe, may, watch, see, be, think, eat
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