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专题01 名词 备战2020年中考英语语法专题加餐练
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这是一份专题01 名词 备战2020年中考英语语法专题加餐练，共14页。试卷主要包含了名词的分类及用法，不可数名词及其用法，名词的所有格的构成及其用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点一、名词的分类及用法
考点二、可数名词(个体名词和集体名词的单复数形式
考点三、不可数名词及其用法
考点四、名词的所有格的构成及其用法。
名词的所有格：在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间 距离 国家 城市的名词,常在词尾加's表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:"的"。如:Tm's bike (汤姆的单车)
一、单项填空
1. Please keep quiet. If yu make a lt f , yu may disturb thers.
A. viceB. nise C. sund D. singing
2. He bught .
A. tw pairs f shes B. tw pair f shes C. tw pairs f she D. tw pair f she
3. —Where is yur seat?
—It’s between seats, in Rw 6.
A. Jack and Jhn B. Jack’s and Jhn C. Jack’s and Jhn’s D. Jack and Jhn’s
4. He was brn in Shanxi, but Shandng has becme his secnd .
A. hmeB. family C. huse D. place
5. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me .
A. tw range B. tw bttle f ranges
C. tw bttles f range D. tw bttles f ranges
6. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.
A. wmen; girls B. wmen; girl C. wman; girls D. wman; girl
7. Culd yu please tell me sme abut Xi’an Internatinal Hrticultural Exp(世界园艺博览会)?
A. infrmatinB. advice C. pinins D. ideas
8.They dn’t have t d tday.
A. much hmewrk B. many hmewrks C. many hmewrk D. much hmewrks
9. —Culd yu please take a(n) fr the head teacher?
—Sure, I’ll be glad t.
A. infrmatin B. message C. newsD. sentence
10.The f mst trees will fall in autumn.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leave
11.The little has tw already.
A. baby; teethB. baby; tth C. babies; tth D. babies; teeth
12.—Did yu hear any strange when the earthquake happened?
—N, I was in my garden enjying the beautiful f my birds at that time.
A.vice; niseB. nise;sund C. vice; sund D. sund; vice
13. Prfessr Wang gave us a very useful n hw t prepare fr the exam.
A. adviceB. infrmatin C. experience D. suggestin
14. It is better t travel 10,000 miles than t read 10,000 bks,s it’s imprtant t have real with languages, cultures and scieties.
A. cmmunicatin B. experience C. knwledge D. influence
15.—Oh, n! We have missed the train. What shuld we d?
—I’m afraid we have n but t wait fr anther ne.
A. decisinB. infrmatin C. reasn D. chice
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.They successfully saved tw (child) lives.
2.Yu shuld knw the (different) between the tw bks.
3.We saw sme (muse)in the dirty ld huse.
4.Every year, （百万）f peple dnate mney t the Hpe Prject．
5.Hw excellent yur （prnunce） is! Yu must have a gd teacher.
6.There are several (library)in the city.
7.There are six (Frenchman) talking ludly in the rm.
8. (teacher) Day is n September 10th.
9.We hpe that mre （China）will win hnur fr ur cuntry.
10.Mre actin must be taken t stp （pllute）．
三、词语运用
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
“Thanks fr prviding us with such a gd training prgram. The 1 prgram will help us live well. I will study hard and learn different skills s that I can slve my family 2 and d gd t thers.” a learner n the jb training prgram said, feeling excited.
The 3 father is disabled, and his mther is ill in bed. The family is very pr. S he has t find a jb t make 4 . The learner graduated frm high schl and didn’t have the chance t g t the cllege. The jb training prgram can help him t learn the 5 that he’ll need in the wrk place.
The stry makes me think f anther stry. It ges like this: Lng lng ag, there was a man, he was able t catch a lt f 6 every day. He always shared his fish with his 7 because they didn’t knw hw t fish. One day, he called them tgether t shw them hw t fish. Everyne was happy as they culd eat the fish they caught by themselves.
Nw, there are still many pr 8 in the wrld. But it’s nt gd if we give nly fd t them. Instead, we shuld give them a 9 t learn new skills. Therefre, technical training is very imprtant t peple in need and they will learn the skills t make mney. Peple can learn lts f useful 10 in the training prgram and what they learn can help them find jbs.
四、完形填空
Tm wke up n Mnday mrning. He felt sick. He always felt sick n Mnday 1 . He had t g t schl fr a whle week! He almst wished there were n 2 . It was even mre difficult fr him t g back t schl!
He lay in bed and wndered what 3 he culd make this time. He lked at his bdy, but culd find nthing wrng. A little headache? N. He had used that excuse many 4 . Then he realized that ne f his 5 was lse(松动). Gd! He was just ging t start graning(呻吟) when he thught that Aunt Plly wuld pull the tth ut. That wuld hurt! He lked fr smething else. Suddenly he remembered what the dctr had said abut a certain prblem with 6 . He pulled his right 7 ut and lked at it. One f the tes was really hurting, Tm began t gran.
“What’s wrng with yu?” Aunt Plly asked.
“My te hurts.”
The ld lady fell int a 8 , smelling a little. “Tm, yu frightened me. Nw shut up
at nce and get ut f bed.”
Tm felt like a 9 being caught. “Well, it seemed all right. It hurt s much that I frgt my tth.”
“Tth, eh? What’s wrng with yur tth?”
“One f them is lse and it hurts badly.”
“N 10 ,” answered Aunt Plly. “I can pull it ut.”
“Please, Auntie! Dn’t pull it ut. It has stpped hurting nw. Please!”
“N way! Well, yu’ll have yur tth ut and yu’ll g t schl?
1. A. Mnday B. mrnings C. afternn D. evening
2. A. week-day B. week-days C. week-ends D. week-ends
3. A. way B. excuse C. idea D. thught
3. A. mnth B. Mnday C. time D. week
5. A. teeth B. tth C. ft D. feet
6. A. fingers B. feet C. hands D. tes
7. A. arm B. ft C. hand D. leg
8. A. schl B. chair C. bed D. kitchen
9. A. student B. thieves C. thief D. patient
10. A. way B. prblem C. questin D. plan
【参考答案】
一、单项填空
1—5 BACAC 6—10 BAABC 11—15 ADDBD
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. children’s 2. differences 3. mice 4. millins 5. prnunciatin
6. libraries 7. Frenchmen 8. Teachers’ 9. Chinese 10. plluting
三、词语运用
1. training 2. difficulties 3. learner’s 4. mney 5. skills
6. fish 7. neighbrs 8. peple 9. chance 10.things
四、完形填空
1—5 BCBCA 6—10 DBBCB名词意义: 表示人/事物或抽象概念的词。如: Shanghai, Lilei, desk
专有名词
普通名词
国名 地名 人名
团体 机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
首字母大写
表单个的人或者事物
表一群人或一些事物的总称
表无法分为个体的物质
表抽象概念的词
如: Jim, June, China, Harbin.
teacher, apple…
family,plice…
water, mney…
health, friendship…
A.不规则变化
常见的有:
man-men, wman-wmen, ft-feet, tth-teeth, child-children, muse-mice
单复数同型:
Chinese Japanese peple sheep deer fish
(中日友好永不变) a Chinese—tw Chinese; a Japanese— fur Japanese
(英法联盟a变e) an English—eight Englishmen; an Frenchman—nine Frenchmen
(其他后面加s) a German—five Germans
B.规则变化
情况
构成
例词
一般的词
＋s
day-days desk-desks
以s, sh, ch, x结尾
＋es
match-matches bss-bsses
*tmates, ptates, heres
以辅音＋y结尾
改y为i＋es
baby-babies fly-flies
以f/fe结尾
改f为v＋es
wife-wives leaf-leaves
(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。
(2) 要表示一定的数量时,常与a cup f, a piece f 等量词连用,如a cup f tea一杯茶; tw bttles f water两瓶水
(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有:a little(一点),little(几乎没有),much/a great deal f/a large amunt f(许多)
wrk
hmewrk
weather
advice
news
prgress
infrmatin
husewrk
fun
weight
knwledge
English
fd
drink
range
rice
bread
meat
chicken
prk
beef
名词的所有格
例词 例句
① 直接在词尾加's
Kate's bag, Children's Day, Wmen's Day
② 以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加'
Teachers' Day, students' bks
③ 表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's
Lucy and Lily's mther (共同的妈妈)
④ 表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's
Tm's and Jim's rms (各自的房间)
⑤ 表某人的家 店铺 住宅 公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略:
at the dctr's(在医务室); at Tm's (在汤姆的家)
⑥ 表示无生命名词的所有格,用f 表达
the dr f the rm, the clr f the clthes
⑦ 双重所有格:用's所有格/ 与 f 所有格相结合。
A friend f my father's, a bk f mine
注意:但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格
今天的报纸
tday's newspaper
八天的假期
an 8-day hliday
eight days' hliday
五分钟的步行路程
a five-minute walk
five minutes' walk
neighbr peple training skill fish chance difficulty learner mney thing
考点一、名词的分类及用法
考点二、可数名词(个体名词和集体名词的单复数形式
考点三、不可数名词及其用法
考点四、名词的所有格的构成及其用法。
名词的所有格：在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间 距离 国家 城市的名词,常在词尾加's表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:"的"。如:Tm's bike (汤姆的单车)
一、单项填空
1. Please keep quiet. If yu make a lt f , yu may disturb thers.
A. viceB. nise C. sund D. singing
2. He bught .
A. tw pairs f shes B. tw pair f shes C. tw pairs f she D. tw pair f she
3. —Where is yur seat?
—It’s between seats, in Rw 6.
A. Jack and Jhn B. Jack’s and Jhn C. Jack’s and Jhn’s D. Jack and Jhn’s
4. He was brn in Shanxi, but Shandng has becme his secnd .
A. hmeB. family C. huse D. place
5. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me .
A. tw range B. tw bttle f ranges
C. tw bttles f range D. tw bttles f ranges
6. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.
A. wmen; girls B. wmen; girl C. wman; girls D. wman; girl
7. Culd yu please tell me sme abut Xi’an Internatinal Hrticultural Exp(世界园艺博览会)?
A. infrmatinB. advice C. pinins D. ideas
8.They dn’t have t d tday.
A. much hmewrk B. many hmewrks C. many hmewrk D. much hmewrks
9. —Culd yu please take a(n) fr the head teacher?
—Sure, I’ll be glad t.
A. infrmatin B. message C. newsD. sentence
10.The f mst trees will fall in autumn.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leave
11.The little has tw already.
A. baby; teethB. baby; tth C. babies; tth D. babies; teeth
12.—Did yu hear any strange when the earthquake happened?
—N, I was in my garden enjying the beautiful f my birds at that time.
A.vice; niseB. nise;sund C. vice; sund D. sund; vice
13. Prfessr Wang gave us a very useful n hw t prepare fr the exam.
A. adviceB. infrmatin C. experience D. suggestin
14. It is better t travel 10,000 miles than t read 10,000 bks,s it’s imprtant t have real with languages, cultures and scieties.
A. cmmunicatin B. experience C. knwledge D. influence
15.—Oh, n! We have missed the train. What shuld we d?
—I’m afraid we have n but t wait fr anther ne.
A. decisinB. infrmatin C. reasn D. chice
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.They successfully saved tw (child) lives.
2.Yu shuld knw the (different) between the tw bks.
3.We saw sme (muse)in the dirty ld huse.
4.Every year, （百万）f peple dnate mney t the Hpe Prject．
5.Hw excellent yur （prnunce） is! Yu must have a gd teacher.
6.There are several (library)in the city.
7.There are six (Frenchman) talking ludly in the rm.
8. (teacher) Day is n September 10th.
9.We hpe that mre （China）will win hnur fr ur cuntry.
10.Mre actin must be taken t stp （pllute）．
三、词语运用
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
“Thanks fr prviding us with such a gd training prgram. The 1 prgram will help us live well. I will study hard and learn different skills s that I can slve my family 2 and d gd t thers.” a learner n the jb training prgram said, feeling excited.
The 3 father is disabled, and his mther is ill in bed. The family is very pr. S he has t find a jb t make 4 . The learner graduated frm high schl and didn’t have the chance t g t the cllege. The jb training prgram can help him t learn the 5 that he’ll need in the wrk place.
The stry makes me think f anther stry. It ges like this: Lng lng ag, there was a man, he was able t catch a lt f 6 every day. He always shared his fish with his 7 because they didn’t knw hw t fish. One day, he called them tgether t shw them hw t fish. Everyne was happy as they culd eat the fish they caught by themselves.
Nw, there are still many pr 8 in the wrld. But it’s nt gd if we give nly fd t them. Instead, we shuld give them a 9 t learn new skills. Therefre, technical training is very imprtant t peple in need and they will learn the skills t make mney. Peple can learn lts f useful 10 in the training prgram and what they learn can help them find jbs.
四、完形填空
Tm wke up n Mnday mrning. He felt sick. He always felt sick n Mnday 1 . He had t g t schl fr a whle week! He almst wished there were n 2 . It was even mre difficult fr him t g back t schl!
He lay in bed and wndered what 3 he culd make this time. He lked at his bdy, but culd find nthing wrng. A little headache? N. He had used that excuse many 4 . Then he realized that ne f his 5 was lse(松动). Gd! He was just ging t start graning(呻吟) when he thught that Aunt Plly wuld pull the tth ut. That wuld hurt! He lked fr smething else. Suddenly he remembered what the dctr had said abut a certain prblem with 6 . He pulled his right 7 ut and lked at it. One f the tes was really hurting, Tm began t gran.
“What’s wrng with yu?” Aunt Plly asked.
“My te hurts.”
The ld lady fell int a 8 , smelling a little. “Tm, yu frightened me. Nw shut up
at nce and get ut f bed.”
Tm felt like a 9 being caught. “Well, it seemed all right. It hurt s much that I frgt my tth.”
“Tth, eh? What’s wrng with yur tth?”
“One f them is lse and it hurts badly.”
“N 10 ,” answered Aunt Plly. “I can pull it ut.”
“Please, Auntie! Dn’t pull it ut. It has stpped hurting nw. Please!”
“N way! Well, yu’ll have yur tth ut and yu’ll g t schl?
1. A. Mnday B. mrnings C. afternn D. evening
2. A. week-day B. week-days C. week-ends D. week-ends
3. A. way B. excuse C. idea D. thught
3. A. mnth B. Mnday C. time D. week
5. A. teeth B. tth C. ft D. feet
6. A. fingers B. feet C. hands D. tes
7. A. arm B. ft C. hand D. leg
8. A. schl B. chair C. bed D. kitchen
9. A. student B. thieves C. thief D. patient
10. A. way B. prblem C. questin D. plan
【参考答案】
一、单项填空
1—5 BACAC 6—10 BAABC 11—15 ADDBD
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. children’s 2. differences 3. mice 4. millins 5. prnunciatin
6. libraries 7. Frenchmen 8. Teachers’ 9. Chinese 10. plluting
三、词语运用
1. training 2. difficulties 3. learner’s 4. mney 5. skills
6. fish 7. neighbrs 8. peple 9. chance 10.things
四、完形填空
1—5 BCBCA 6—10 DBBCB名词意义: 表示人/事物或抽象概念的词。如: Shanghai, Lilei, desk
专有名词
普通名词
国名 地名 人名
团体 机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
首字母大写
表单个的人或者事物
表一群人或一些事物的总称
表无法分为个体的物质
表抽象概念的词
如: Jim, June, China, Harbin.
teacher, apple…
family,plice…
water, mney…
health, friendship…
A.不规则变化
常见的有:
man-men, wman-wmen, ft-feet, tth-teeth, child-children, muse-mice
单复数同型:
Chinese Japanese peple sheep deer fish
(中日友好永不变) a Chinese—tw Chinese; a Japanese— fur Japanese
(英法联盟a变e) an English—eight Englishmen; an Frenchman—nine Frenchmen
(其他后面加s) a German—five Germans
B.规则变化
情况
构成
例词
一般的词
＋s
day-days desk-desks
以s, sh, ch, x结尾
＋es
match-matches bss-bsses
*tmates, ptates, heres
以辅音＋y结尾
改y为i＋es
baby-babies fly-flies
以f/fe结尾
改f为v＋es
wife-wives leaf-leaves
(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。
(2) 要表示一定的数量时,常与a cup f, a piece f 等量词连用,如a cup f tea一杯茶; tw bttles f water两瓶水
(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有:a little(一点),little(几乎没有),much/a great deal f/a large amunt f(许多)
wrk
hmewrk
weather
advice
news
prgress
infrmatin
husewrk
fun
weight
knwledge
English
fd
drink
range
rice
bread
meat
chicken
prk
beef
名词的所有格
例词 例句
① 直接在词尾加's
Kate's bag, Children's Day, Wmen's Day
② 以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加'
Teachers' Day, students' bks
③ 表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's
Lucy and Lily's mther (共同的妈妈)
④ 表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's
Tm's and Jim's rms (各自的房间)
⑤ 表某人的家 店铺 住宅 公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略:
at the dctr's(在医务室); at Tm's (在汤姆的家)
⑥ 表示无生命名词的所有格,用f 表达
the dr f the rm, the clr f the clthes
⑦ 双重所有格:用's所有格/ 与 f 所有格相结合。
A friend f my father's, a bk f mine
注意:但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格
今天的报纸
tday's newspaper
八天的假期
an 8-day hliday
eight days' hliday
五分钟的步行路程
a five-minute walk
five minutes' walk
neighbr peple training skill fish chance difficulty learner mney thing
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