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精品解析：广东省华南师范大学附属中学2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
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华南师大附中2019—2020学年度第一学期期末考试
高二英语
笔试部分共五道大题，共10页，满分90分，考试用时120分钟。
一、单项选择（共15小题，每小题0.5分，满分7.5分）
1. Quantities of food ________ the charity every year.
A. are subscribed to B. is subscribed to C. are subscribed D. subscribe to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、动词语态和主谓一致。句意：每年都向慈善机构捐赠大量的食物。subscribe…to…为固定短语，意为“把……捐赠给……”，排除C项；主语food和subscribe为被动关系，排除D项；Quantities of修饰主语，谓语动词的单复数与quantities保持一致，使用复数形式。故选A。
2. He spent too much time in surfing the Internet. ________ he didn’t pass the IELTS.
A. By accident B. In consequence C. In return D. On the contrary
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他花太多时间上网。结果，他没有通过雅思考试。A.By accident偶然；B.In consequence结果;C.In return作为回报；D.On the contrary相反。因为他花太多时间上网，所以他没有通过雅思考试。故答案为B。
3. ________ the value of the whole planet, the development of the economy is totally meaningless.
A. Comparing with B. Compared with C. Comparing D. Compared
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与整个地球的价值相比，经济的发展是毫无意义的。表示“与……相比”短语为be compared with，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。故选B。
4. Nicotine, a substance common to all forms of tobacco, is a powerfully ________ drug.
A. addicted B. addicting C. addict D. addictive
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尼古丁是所有形式的烟草所共有的物质，是一种非常容易上瘾的药物。A. addicted形容词，沉溺于，上瘾的，修饰人；B. addicting动词，使上瘾；C. addict动词，使上瘾；D. addictive形容词，使人上瘾的。此处修饰后文名词drug，作定语应用形容词addictive，表示“使人上瘾的”。故选D。
5. It is striking, and ________, that some women have to be forced to leave their jobs once they get married, which goes against their will.
A. shameless B. shameful C. ashamed D. shamed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些女性在结婚后被迫辞职，这违背了她们的意愿，这是令人震惊和不道德的。A. shameless无耻的；B. shameful可耻的，不道德的；C. ashamed羞愧的，羞耻的，用于修饰人；D. shamed动词，使羞耻。根据上文It is striking, and可知此处应填形容词，作表语，故排除D选项；且此处主语为it，故应用-ing结尾形容词，故排除C选项；结合语境可知，让一些女性在结婚后被迫辞职这是“不道德的”行为，应用shameful。故选B。
6. As for this incident, there is less than one chance in 10.000 that it has ________ accidently.
A. come across B. come about C. come around D. come into
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这一事件，只有不到万分之一的可能是出于意外发生的。A.come across偶遇，碰到；B.come about发生，出现；C.come around来访；D.come into进入。分析句子可知，主语it指代的是incident，应该搭配come about表示“事件发生”的可能性。故选B项。
7. The full ________ of social media lies in its ability to attract the customers to help us meet the business goals.
A. power B. strength C. energy D. force
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义的辨析。句意：社交媒体的全部力量在于它能够吸引客户来帮助我们实现业务目标。A. power基本意思是“力，力量”，指人或国家甚至是某个机构的权力、势力或影响力；B. strength说人时，指“体力，力气”；说物时，指“强度”。也可指“强项，长处”；C.energy主要指人的精力； D.force主要指强制力量，暴力，武力等。这里指社交媒体的影响力。故选A。
8. ________ has been four years ________ we met last time.
A. It; when B. There; before C. It; since D. There; after
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：自从我们上次见面到现在已经四年了。表示“自从……至今已经多久了”句型为“it has been+一段时间+since+从句”。故选C。
9. This kind of effective software makes it easier for a company to ________ its operation system.
A. rate B. estimate C. value D. evaluate
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这款有效的软件使得一个公司更容易地评价它的操作系统。A.rate “等级的评定” ；B. estimate “推测地估计”或“个人的主观估计”；C.value “重视或对某物价值的估计”；D. evaluate“准确地评价”，根据句中“有效的软件”，可以推断后面是“公司进行准确地评价”，故选D。
【点睛】
10. If we consider these ________ separately, each phenomenon is not so serious, but if we consider them ________, the situation becomes serious and desperate.
A. phenomenons; as a whole B. phenomena; as a whole
C. phenomena; on the whole D. phenomenons; on a whole
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数和固定短语。句意：如果把这些现象分开来看，每一种现象都不是那么严重，但是如果把它们作为一个整体来考虑，情况就会变得严重和铤而走险 。phenomenon意为“现象”，第一个空前的these可知，空格处应该填phenomenon的复数形式phenomena；
as a whole意为“整体而言”，on the whole意为“大体上说，总的来说”，consider... as ...意为“作为……考虑”，由第二个空前面的consider 可知，应该填as a whole。综合以上分析，应该选择B项。
11. ________ in the queue for two hours, Jack suddenly realized that he had left his identity card at home.
A. Waited B. Having been waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在排队等了两个小时之后，Jack突然意识到他把身份证忘在家里了。分析句子结构可知waite在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主Jack构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，且“等待”发生在谓语动词之前，故应用having done形式。故选C。
12. It is important that we ________ the window before we leave.
A. shall close B. will close C. must close D. close
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。诸如necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气，符合“It is...that +主语从句”的结构，从句的谓语动 词常用“should+动词原形”，且should的省略要看情况而定。句中表示建议的语气，should可以省略。故选D项。
13. It is ________ he often feels sleepy in class ________ makes his teachers worried about him.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. /; that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：他经常在课堂上打瞌睡，这使他的老师担心他。分析句子成分可知：句子的主语为_________ he often feels sleepy in class,第一个设空处引导从句在句中作主语，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，故用that；强调句结构为：it is/was +强调成分+that+其他。本句强调主语that he often feels sleepy in class,故第二个设空处应为that。故答案为C.
14. He is an untiring ________ of educational reform. He advocates ________ the teachers for their excellent jobs.
A. advocator; rewarding B. advocate; rewarding
C. advocator, to reward D. advocate; to reward
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：他是教育改革的不懈倡导者,他主张对教师的出色工作给予奖励。分析句子结构可知：第一个设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词作句子表语，设空处应为名词，结合句意，此处指“提倡者”，故用advocator；第二个设空处在句中作非谓语，advocate doing sth提倡做某事。故答案为A。
15. ________ the problems they’ve faced, they are happy with the life they lead.
A. In spite of B. Due to C. So long as D. regardless of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：尽管面临着许多问题，他们仍然开心地过着自己的日子。A.In spite of不管，尽管；B.Due to由于；C.So long as只要；D.Regardless of不管，不顾。分析句子可知，前后句逻辑上属于“先抑后扬”的关系，考虑让步状语，句意上来看，一般对于客观上无法避免的事实，往往是不利的条件、因素，要用in spite of后接名词the problems，意为“尽管，不管”。故选A项。
二、阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931 Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907-1964).
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environment movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s Lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O Connor’ finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a Law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabarna, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
16. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?
A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions.
17. Who made great contribution to the-civil movement in the US?
A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.
C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Parks.
18. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.
C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位杰出的女性，和她们在不同领域所做出的贡献。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中When Sandra Day O Connor’ finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a Law firm because she was a woman.可知1952年， Sandra Day O Connor在斯坦福大学法学院以全班第三名的成绩毕业时，因为是女性，她在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知，因为对妇女的歧视，所以律师事务所了拒绝O’Connor。故选C。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabarna, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.可知1955年12月1日，在阿拉巴马州的蒙哥马利市， Rasa Parks不愿在公交车上给一名白人乘客让座。她的简单行为使Parks进了监狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利的公车抵制运动。它持续了一年多，拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此可知，Rosa Parks对美国的民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.(1931年，Addams成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性)；第三段If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environment movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s Lakes and oceans.(如果没有Rachel Carson，环境运动可能不会存在。她在1962年出版的畅销书《寂静的春天》提高了人们对污染危险以及化学品对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的有害影响的认识)；第四段中She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.(1981年，她成为亚利桑那州参议员，成为第一位加入美国最高法院的女性)以及最后一段中Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.(她的简单行为使Parks进了监狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利的公车抵制运动。它持续了一年多，拉开了民权运动的序幕)由此可推知，文中提到的女性在不同的领域都做出了杰出贡献，他们都是开拓者。故选C。
B
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University has turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
19. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A. To explore new means of transport. B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older driver’s problems. D. To teach people traffic rules.
20. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent. B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength. D. It cures their mental illnesses.
21. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills. B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars. D. Organize regular physical checkups.
22. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Traffic Problem
C. Driving Service for elders D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
【答案】19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.可知，DriveLAB为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里。即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选A。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.及最后一段We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.可知，研究人员想要用技术解决的老年司机的关键难题，而且正在研究一种控制速度的系统，即开发驾驶员辅助技术，故选B。
【22题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以 Keeping Older Drivers on the Road符合全文主旨，其他题目都太片面，不足以概括全文。故选D。
【点睛】主旨大意题解题技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
（1）要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
（2）再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
（3）要注意题目是否过大或者过小
（4）要避免下列三种错误概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）、过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）、以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
比如第四题主要围绕老年司机为主，故排除了A和B，对象不正确。C. Driving Service for elders. 为老人提供服务，本文也算服务的一种，但是犯了过度概括的错误，范围扩大了， D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road.这正是本文介绍的内容，研究人员目的也是延长老年司机的驾驶时间。故选D。
C
Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises－the phonemes (音素) of a language－each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages.
But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We’d rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.
Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿音)－those such as f and v－that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f come to take the place of p. Romans said “pater” but English speakers (unless they’re Rees－Moggs) say “father”.
Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must combine sound and meaning, and the meaning can ’t exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味觉).
23. Compared with adults, babies could more easily .
A. create significant noises B. classify the forms of noises
C. understand the Greek language D. distinguish meaningful sounds
24. According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language?
A. Lips and teeth. B. Jobs and habits.
C. Age and regions. D. Food and thinking.
25. The reason for farmers' making sounds of “f” and “v” is .
A. enjoying more cooked foods B. biting more with front teeth
C. constantly chewing harder foods D. growing up with lager lower jaws
26. By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal .
A. jaws help shape our thought
B. food determines our thought
C. diet has some influence on language
D. language consists of sound and meaning
【答案】23. D 24. D 25. A 26. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要叙述了人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。第二段第二句New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet.可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有关the product of thought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。因此答案选择D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段The argument goes that famers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。故选A。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段We’d rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.可知任何一种语言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选C。
D
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A。
第二节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
You don’t have to be an art expert to comment on how you feel about a piece of art. ____31____ The same beauty that you appreciate in these everyday objects are things you can appreciate and discuss in art. If you are interested in broadening your artistic appreciation by visiting an art museum or gallery, here are steps to help you get a fuller experience:
____32____ Often exhibits are based around a theme, time period, a single artist’s work or a group of artists working within the same basic concept. By taking a few minutes to view the exhibit as a whole you can better appreciate the individual pieces.
Return to the beginning of the exhibit and spend little more time viewing each piece. First, examine each piece up close. Look for detail in the artwork. Second, step back anywhere from 4-6 feet away to get the full picture. ____33____ Find the pieces you feel drawn to. Never feel the need to linger on a piece that you don’t like. ____34____ Question the subject, the materials used to create the piece, and your own reaction to it. See if you can guess the artist’s intent.
Use the exhibition labels to understand the work. ____35____ After reading the information, ask yourself whether it supports or change the way you initially reacted to the work.
When you move on, try to give each piece in the gallery fair chance. No piece will appeal to everyone, but sometimes after closer inspection, you will find yourself appreciating works outside of your usual tastes.
A. Take some time to first scan through the entire gallery.
B. You just need to make continuous effort to acquire the taste.
C. Spend some time moving around each piece to learn more about it
D. Finally, if the piece is 3D sculptural object, be sure to view it from different angles.
E. These labels are where you can find the title, medium, artist and other useful information.
F. Try to think of the work of art as your other interests such as a beautiful car or dress design.
G. If, however, you find that the piece appeals to you, try to understand what it is about it that attracts you so much.
【答案】31. F 32. A 33. D 34. G 35. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些欣赏艺术品和展览的方法。
【31题详解】
根据上文You don’t have to be an art expert to comment on how you feel about a piece of art.(你不必成为一个艺术专家来评论你对一件艺术品的感受)以及后文The same beauty that you appreciate in these everyday objects are things you can appreciate and discuss in art.(你在这些日常物品中欣赏到的美，同样也可以在艺术中欣赏和讨论)由此可知，本句承上启下说明，你不必成为一个艺术专家才能欣赏艺术，后文提到了日常物品，说明你可以通过把艺术作品想象成日常用来欣赏。后文中these everyday objects可对应到F选项中such as a beautiful car or dress design。故F选项“试着把艺术作品想象成你其他的兴趣，比如一辆漂亮的车或一件衣服的设计”符合语境，故选F。
【32题详解】
根据后文Often exhibits are based around a theme, time period, a single artist’s work or a group of artists working within the same basic concept. By taking a few minutes to view the exhibit as a whole you can better appreciate the individual pieces.(展览通常是围绕一个主题、一个时间段、一个艺术家的作品或一群艺术家在相同的基本概念下工作。花几分钟时间从整体上看展览，你就能更好地欣赏每一件展品)可知，本句总起全段，说明欣赏展览的方法。根据后文“花几分钟时间从整体上看展览”说明此处建议的是先花时间总体浏览一下整个画廊。后文中view the exhibit as a whole可对应到A选项中scan through the entire gallery。故A选项“先花点时间浏览一下整个画廊”符合语境，故选A。
【33题详解】
根据上文First, examine each piece up close. Look for detail in the artwork. Second, step back anywhere from 4-6 feet away to get the full picture.(首先，仔细检查每一块。寻找艺术品中的细节。第二步，后退4-6英尺远的任何地方，以获得完整的照片)由此可知，上文已经提到了欣赏作品的前两个步骤，故本句应当是说明最后一个步骤。故D选项中Finally与上文中First和Second相对应。故D选项“最后，如果这件作品是三维雕塑对象，一定要从不同的角度看它”符合语境，故选D。
【34题详解】
根据上文Never feel the need to linger on a piece that you don’t like.(永远不要在你不喜欢的作品上徘徊)以及后文Question the subject, the materials used to create the piece, and your own reaction to it. See if you can guess the artist’s intent.(对作品的主题、创作材料以及你自己的反应提出疑问。看看你是否能猜出艺术家的意图)由此可知，上文提到了不喜欢的作品，后文提到了对作品提出相关的疑问，可推知本句与上文形成转折，是在说明遇到吸引自己的作品时，该如何欣赏。故G选项“然而，如果你发现这件作品对你很有吸引力，试着去理解它到底是什么吸引了你”符合语境，故选G。
【35题详解】
根据上文Use the exhibition labels to understand the work.(使用展览标签来了解作品)由此可知，本句应当是承接上文，进一步说明如何利用展品上的标签来了解作品的。上文中the exhibition labels可对应到E选项中These labels。故E选项“在这些标签上，你可以找到标题，媒介，艺术家和其他有用的信息”符合语境，故选E。
三、语言运用（共两节，总分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Do What You Enjoy
Sometimes you may find that you are not happy in your life，although everything is going well．Most of the time you have to ___36___this kind of unhappy life，since it is really hard to make changes and move on to a new business，which often involves taking ___37___
My father，however，was a quite different example．When I was about 9 or 10，he told me that I should
be whatever I wanted when I grew up，so long as I ___38___it．He said that if I were not feeling ___39___ ， I should try to change my life to make it more delightful，and I would find real___40___as a result．From him I learned a great lesson on the___41___of doing one's favorite．
My father got into the insurance industry when he was very young，and he was very___42___．He became one of the company's top salesmen，even though he was only 25 years old．Soon he became one of the first independent insurance salesmen in our state． ___43___，he decided to leave his successful ___44___and move on to other fields．You might ___45___why he did so．The answer was simple：he liked to do something challenging，something that ___46___.his strength and ability，especially in a way that is interesting．My father just wanted to have a try，and so he did．After leaving the insurance company，he worked in social media and then in digital technology，which really ___47___him．Of course he wasn't successful in everything he tried，but he told me for ___48___that he did something he liked，and that he had the ___49___ of doing what he enjoyed． ___50___ one's comfortable life is not easy．I've learned this from my father，and I can say no matter ___51___ is good or bad，it is ___52___ doing one's favorite．When we do something we love，it whether the gives us extra ___53___ to meet our goals，which are associated with psychological well-being and health．As long as we have no ___54___ and give it a try，we are forced to push against ourselves．After all we all want to be where we are ___55___ ourselves．
36. A. lose B. stop C. share D. continue
37. A. risks B. turns C. steps D. suggestions
38. A. promised B. enjoyed C. admitted D. adjusted
39. A. lucky B. safe C. comfortable D. special
40. A. concern B. pleasure C. strength D. talent
41. A. value B. honor C. control D. relief
42. A. sensitive B. cautious C. optimistic D. successful
43. A. Besides B. Therefor C. However D. Meanwhile
44. A. schedule B. career C. reform D. competition
45. A. wonder B. explain C. blame D. conclude
46. A. limited B. predicted C. tested D. affected
47. A. confused B. shocke C. discouraged D. attracted
48. A. free B. certain C. good D. real
49. A. satisfaction B. sympathy C. responsibility D. security
50. A. Protecting B. Selecting C. Leaving D. Arranging
51. A. function B. result C. signal D. attitude
52. A. simple B. normal C. popular D. worth
53. A. motivation B. consideration C. occupation D. qualification
54. A. rights B. faults C. regrets D. excuses
55. A. convincing B. evaluating C. representing D. challenging
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D
【解析】
很多人因无法做自己想做的事而抱怨生活。然而，放弃安稳的生活开始另一段“冒险”也并非易事。故事中主人公的父亲用自己的经历告诉我们，无论结果如何，做自己想做的事情都能给我们带来莫大的满足。
【36题详解】
D
考查动词。A. lose丢失；B. stop停止；C. share分享；D. continue继续。多数时间你还要继续这种不开心的生活，因为很难做出改变，然后换一个新的业务。故选D。
【37题详解】
A
考查名词。A. risks冒险；B. turns轮流；C. steps步伐；D. suggestions建议。所以多数时间你还要继续这种不开心的生活，因为做出改变，然后换一个新的事业是很难的，这经常要冒险。take risks冒险，故选A。
【38题详解】
B
考查动词。A. promised许诺；B. enjoyed喜爱；C. admitted承认；D. adjusted调整。我大约九、十岁时，我的父亲告诉我长大后应该做我想做的一切，只要我喜欢。故选B。
【39题详解】
C
考查形容词。A. lucky幸运的；B. safe安全的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. special特殊的。如果感到不舒适，我就应该改变生活，使它变得更令人愉快。故选C。
【40题详解】
B
考查名词。A. concern关心；B. pleasure快乐；C. strength力气；力量；D. talent天才。如果感到不舒适，我就应该改变生活，使它变得更令人愉快。这样我会找到真正的快乐。故选B。
【41题详解】
A
考查名词。A. value价值；B. honor荣誉；C. control控制；D. relief安慰。从他那里我学到了一堂有价值课：做自己喜欢的事。故选A。
【42题详解】
D
考查形容词。A. sensitive敏感的；B. cautious谨慎的，十分小心的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. successful成功的。根据下句：He became one of the company’s top salesmen, even though he was only 25 years old.可知，他的父亲是成功的。故选D。
【43题详解】
C
考查副词。A. Besides另外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据下文he decided to leave his successful ___9___ and move on to other fields.（他要离开自己成功的事业，去其他领域），所以此处表示转折，与上文意思相反，故选C。
【44题详解】
B
考查名词。A. schedule时间表；B. career事业；C. reform改革；D. competition竞争。然而，他要离开自己成功的事业，去其他领域。故选B。
【45题详解】
A
考查动词。A. wonder想知道；B. explain解释；C. blame责备；D. conclude推断。你可能想知道他为什么这样做。故选A。
【46题详解】
C
考查动词。A. limited限制；B. predicted预测；C. tested测试；D. affected影响。他喜欢挑战，测试自己的优势和能力。故选C。
【47题详解】
D
考查动词。A. confused困惑；B. shocked震惊；C. discouraged使丧失信心；D. attracted吸引。他离开保险公司之后，他在社交媒体，然后在数字技术，这都真的吸引他。故选D。
【48题详解】
B
考查形容词。A. free自由的；B. certain有把握的；C. good好的；D. real真的。他不是在每件事上都成功，但是他告诉我要确信做他喜欢的事。故选B。
【49题详解】
A
考查名词。A. satisfaction满意；B. sympathy同情；C. responsibility责任；D. security安全。他满足于做他喜欢做的事。故选A。
【50题详解】
C
考查动词。A. Protecting保护；B. Selecting选择；C. Leaving离开；D. Arranging安排。离开一个人的舒适生活并不容易。故选C。
【51题详解】
B
考查名词。A. function功能；B. result结果；C. signal信号；D. attitude态度。无论结果好与坏，做自己最喜欢的是值得的。故选B。
【52题详解】
D
考查形容词。A. simple简单的；B. normal正常的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. worth值得的。无论结果好与坏，做最自己最喜欢的是值得的。be worth doing sth.值得做某事，故答案为D。
【53题详解】
A
考查名词。A. motivation动机；B. consideration考虑；C. occupation职业，工作；D. qualification资格，条件。句意：当我们做我们喜欢事情时，它给了我们实现目标的额外动力。故选A。
【54题详解】
C
考查名词。考查名词。A. rights权利；B. faults错误；C. regrets遗憾；D. excuses借口。只要我们没有遗憾，尝试了，我们被迫督促自己。故选C。
【55题详解】
D
考查动词。A. convincing使相信；B. evaluating评估；C. representing代表；D. challenging挑战。毕竟我们都想挑战我们自己。故选D。
【名师点睛】
在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第8小题，A. Besides另外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据下文he decided to leave his successful ___9___ and move on to other fields.（他要离开自己成功的事业，去其他领域。），所以此处表示转折，与上文意思相反，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A note written to a radio station is getting worldwide attention.
The radio station has ____56____ annual tradition where listeners send in “wish letters,” and the hosts select a ____57____ (hand) of wishes. They’ve been fulfilling Christmas dreams for more than 20 years, ____58____ they had never received a letter quite like this.
Last week, the hosts of the radio station invited listener David Schmitz ____59____ their annual Christmas show, but the station didn’t tell Schmitz ____60____ had sent in the wish for his family.
They read this letter to him on the air: “Hello, my name is Brenda Schmitz, when you receive this letter, I ____61____ (lose) my battle to cancer.”
The letter was dated August 3, 2011. Brenda Schmitz passed away less than two months ____62____ she wrote it. But Brenda Schmitz had given this note to a friend, with instructions on when to mail ____63____.
Brenda Schmitz had three ____64____ (wish) for the family she left behind, their four sons, as well as the new family David Schmitz was starting.
A number of local businesses volunteered to make her wish _____65_____ (come) true.
【答案】56. an 57. handful
58. but 59. to
60. who 61. will have lost
62. after 63. it
64. wishes 65. come
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。主人公David Schmitz在圣诞期间，才通过电台收听了已逝妻子在弥留之际写给他的许愿信，并祝愿他和四个孩子及他的新家庭生活幸福。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这家广播电台每年都有听众发送“许愿信”的传统。空格后的形容词annual意为“每年的，一年一次的”，其首字母发元音音素；tradition意为“传统”，是可数名词单数形式， 因此，不定冠词 an 修饰annual tradition。故填an。
【57题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：主持人会挑选一些愿望。a handful of是固定搭配，意为“一些，一把，少量”，故填handful。
【58题详解】
考查连词。句意：20多年来，他们一直都在贯彻实现这些圣诞梦想，但从来没有收到过这样的信。通过下文可知，电台收到的这封信很特殊，在此之前，电台从来没有收到过类似的祝愿信，因此本句中是一个转折关系，连词but表转折。故填but。
【59题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：上周，电台的主持人邀请了听众David Schmitz参加他们一年一度的圣诞节目。固定搭配invite sb. to sp. 意为“邀请某人去某地”，句中缺少介词to，故填to。
【60题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：但电台没有告诉David Schmitz，是谁给他的家人寄来的愿望。分析句子可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句的谓语动词是had sent，从句空格处应该填从句的主语。连接代词who在宾语从句中，可以充当主语，指代人，在本句中，who指代寄贺卡的人。故填who。
【61题详解】
考查时态。句意：当你收到这封信时，我已经输给了癌症。将来完成时是用于表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。分析语境可知，Brenda Schmitz在弥留之际，写下了这封信，她当时知道自己时日不多，将来会败给癌症，因此用将来完成时will have lost表示将来她会完成“败给癌症”这个动作。故填will have lost。
【62题详解】
考查after引导的时间状语从句。句意：Brenda Schmitz在写了这封信后，不到两个月就去世了。分析句子可知，这是一个时间状语从句，after引导的时间状语从句意为“……以后”，故填after。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：但Brenda Schmitz把这封信给了一个朋友，并说明了何时邮寄它。分析句意可知，空格部分与前面提到的this note是同一个事物，故用代词it指代，故填。
【64题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：Brenda Schmitz给他抛下的家庭、他们的四个儿子，以及David Schmitz即将开始的新家庭三个愿望。wish作为名词时，意为“愿望”，是可数名词。本句中空格前面有数词three，因此应该用wish的复数形式wishes。故填wishes。
【65题详解】
考查动词。句意：当地一些企业志愿使她的愿望实现。动词短语make something done表被动，意为“使…..被做”，come的过去分词是come，make her wish come ture意为“使她的愿望被实现”，过去分词短语come ture做make的宾语补足语，故填come。
四、单词拼写（共15小题，每题0.5分，满分7.5分）
第一节 根据所给的首字母填入适当的词，使句子意思完整注意单词的正确形式。
66. At Jack’s birthday party, we c________ vast quantities of food and drink. Later, we found we had overeaten.（根据首字母填空）
【答案】consumed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词的过去时。句意：在杰克的生日聚会上，我们消耗了大量的食物和饮料。后来，我们发现我们吃得太多了。consume 动词，意为“消耗， 吃， 喝”，分析可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，又由第二句中的found 可知，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，因此，空格处应该填consume的过去时形式consumed，故填consumed。
67. New York is a very culturally and ethnically d________ city, where live people with different backgrounds and from different countries. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】diverse
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：纽约是个极具文化多样性和民族多样性的城市，这里生活着来自不同国家、背景各异的人们。分析句子可知，空白处由副词culturally和ethnically修饰，需要一个形容词作定语修饰city，结合定语从句的解释，应当用diverse表示（文化和民族）“多种多样的”。故填diverse。
68. He experienced symptoms of nicotine w________ after he quit smoking. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】withdrawal
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：戒烟后，他经历了尼古丁戒断反应。分析句子可知，nicotine与空白处共同组成名词短语，作of的宾语，结合句意，要用symptoms of nicotine withdrawal表示“尼古丁戒断症状”。故填withdrawal。
69. A top German engineer has been a________ to investigate and solve the problem of the new machine. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】appointed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：一个一流的德国工程师已经被派去调查并解决这台新机器的问题。此空填谓语动词，主语是工程师，再跟据后面目的是“调查并解决问题”，所以推测工程师“被指派”，填appointed。
【点睛】“”
70. Bob was late today, but he gave me a g________ that it would never happen again. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】guarantee
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：Bob今天迟到了，但他跟我保证下不为例。分析句子可知，空白处需要一个名词，作动词gave的宾语，that引导的同位语从句内容是一个承诺、一种保证，应该用give sb. a guarantee表示“向某人保证”。故填guarantee。
71. Natural c________ such as floods and earthquakes cannot be prevented. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】catastrophes
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：像洪水和地震这样的自然灾难是不能被阻止的。根据后面举例洪水和地震，可以推测这里指自然灾难，自然灾难有许多种，所以要用复数，再根据要求c开头的单词，所以填catastrophes。
【点睛】
72. They felt tired, so they stopped by a spring to r________ themselves. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】refresh
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们感到累了，于是停在一个小溪边，使自己恢复精力。refresh 动词，意为“使恢复精力”，动词不定式to refresh themselves做目的状语。故填refresh。
73. I don’t feel I’m achieving my full p________ in my present job, so I want to change for a new one. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】potential
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我不觉得在现在的工作中我能实现自己全部的潜能，所以我打算换一份新的工作。根据谓语动词achieve的搭配，再根据动作发生在我目前的工作中，所以推断是“不能实现我的潜能”，故填|potential。
【点睛】
74. The Mayor was accused of a________ his position of power by giving jobs to his relatives. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】abusing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：市长被指控滥用职权，把工作给他的亲戚。根据单词首字母以及句意“滥用”，可知应填动词abuse，且此处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填abusing。
75. We, as partners, made a c________ to keep working together and never to turn against the other whatever situation would be. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】commitment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为合作伙伴，我们承诺将继续合作，无论在什么情况下都不会背叛对方。。分析句子可知，空白处需要名词，结合句意，要用make a commitment表示“承诺，保证”。故填commitment。
第二节
选词填空，选择合适的词的适当形式填空，有3个词多余。
launch respectively arouse spell exceed compulsory theoretically groundbreaking
76. It is ________ for all drivers and passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
77. The twin brothers are successful in their ________ fields, Brian in science and Bill in music.
78. The witch cast a ________ on the prince and he turned into a frog.
79. He won the first prize in the English speech contest, which ________ our expectations.
80. The organization has ________ a campaign to raise 50,000RMB for the victims in the conflict.
【答案】76. compulsory
77. respective
78. spell 79. exceeded
80. launched
【解析】
【76题详解】
考查形容词。句意：司机和所有乘客系上安全带是必须的。分析句子可知，这里符合it is+形容词+to do sth.的形式主语句型，空白处需要形容词，从不定式内容来看，要用compulsory表示（系安全带是）“强制的，必须做的”。故填compulsory。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：双胞胎兄弟在各自的领域都非常成功，Brian专攻数学，Bill专攻音乐。分析句子可知，空白处需要一个形容词作定语修饰fields，主语是twin brothers指两个人，结合句意容易想到用respective表示“各自的”（领域）。故填respective。
【78题详解】
考查名词。句意：巫师对王子施了一个咒语，将他变成了青蛙。主语是witch，动作是cast“投，抛，施放”，结合句意容易想到用spell表示“咒语，符咒”。故填spell。
【79题详解】
考查动词。句意：他在英语演讲比赛中得了第一名，超出了我们的预料。分析句子可知，在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，which指代前句的内容作主语，宾语是expectations“预料，期待”，要用exceed表示“超过，超出”，且根据主句时态为一般过去时。故填exceeded。
【80题详解】
考查动词。句意：组织已经发动了一场运动，为冲突的受害者们募集50000元善款。分析句子可知，主语为organization，宾语为a campaign，谓语动词考虑用launch表示“发动，发起”，且在现在完成时中要用过去分词形式。故填launched。
五、写作（共1小题，满分15分）
81. 为了配合广州市开展的垃圾分类工作，学生会向全校同学发出了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会，在学校的英语墙报上发表一封倡议书，内容包括：
① 为什么要垃圾分类；
② 垃圾分类的益处；
③ 呼吁全体学生一起参加。
注意：
1. 词数在100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification
Dear fellow students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
People are producing garbage every day, which has become a big headache in every city. To solve this problem, our city has launched programme of garbage classification.
There are some advantages for doing this. Firstly, garbage classification can reduce the amount of waste. Accordingly, the cost of treating waste will be brought down greatly. Secondly, some of the waste is of value. To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which also contributes to environmental protection.
Garbage classification is meaning thing. If everyone can do it, small things can make a big difference. Dear friends, let’s work together for a better city!
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇提纲类写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，为了配合广州市开展的垃圾分类工作，学生会向全校同学发出了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会，在学校的英语墙报上发表一封倡议书，内容包括：① 为什么要垃圾分类；② 垃圾分类的益处；③ 呼吁全体学生一起参加。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：headache (头痛，麻烦事)；solve this problem(解决问题)；launch(启动)；garbage classification(垃圾分类)；advantages(优点)；reduce(减少)；the amount of(……的数量)；bring down(降低)；be of value(有价值的)；contribute to(有助于)；environmental protection(环保)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如People are producing garbage every day, which has become a big headache in every city.运用非限制性定语从句；If everyone can do it, small things can make a big difference.运用条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
高二英语
笔试部分共五道大题，共10页，满分90分，考试用时120分钟。
一、单项选择（共15小题，每小题0.5分，满分7.5分）
1. Quantities of food ________ the charity every year.
A. are subscribed to B. is subscribed to C. are subscribed D. subscribe to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、动词语态和主谓一致。句意：每年都向慈善机构捐赠大量的食物。subscribe…to…为固定短语，意为“把……捐赠给……”，排除C项；主语food和subscribe为被动关系，排除D项；Quantities of修饰主语，谓语动词的单复数与quantities保持一致，使用复数形式。故选A。
2. He spent too much time in surfing the Internet. ________ he didn’t pass the IELTS.
A. By accident B. In consequence C. In return D. On the contrary
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他花太多时间上网。结果，他没有通过雅思考试。A.By accident偶然；B.In consequence结果;C.In return作为回报；D.On the contrary相反。因为他花太多时间上网，所以他没有通过雅思考试。故答案为B。
3. ________ the value of the whole planet, the development of the economy is totally meaningless.
A. Comparing with B. Compared with C. Comparing D. Compared
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与整个地球的价值相比，经济的发展是毫无意义的。表示“与……相比”短语为be compared with，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。故选B。
4. Nicotine, a substance common to all forms of tobacco, is a powerfully ________ drug.
A. addicted B. addicting C. addict D. addictive
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尼古丁是所有形式的烟草所共有的物质，是一种非常容易上瘾的药物。A. addicted形容词，沉溺于，上瘾的，修饰人；B. addicting动词，使上瘾；C. addict动词，使上瘾；D. addictive形容词，使人上瘾的。此处修饰后文名词drug，作定语应用形容词addictive，表示“使人上瘾的”。故选D。
5. It is striking, and ________, that some women have to be forced to leave their jobs once they get married, which goes against their will.
A. shameless B. shameful C. ashamed D. shamed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些女性在结婚后被迫辞职，这违背了她们的意愿，这是令人震惊和不道德的。A. shameless无耻的；B. shameful可耻的，不道德的；C. ashamed羞愧的，羞耻的，用于修饰人；D. shamed动词，使羞耻。根据上文It is striking, and可知此处应填形容词，作表语，故排除D选项；且此处主语为it，故应用-ing结尾形容词，故排除C选项；结合语境可知，让一些女性在结婚后被迫辞职这是“不道德的”行为，应用shameful。故选B。
6. As for this incident, there is less than one chance in 10.000 that it has ________ accidently.
A. come across B. come about C. come around D. come into
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这一事件，只有不到万分之一的可能是出于意外发生的。A.come across偶遇，碰到；B.come about发生，出现；C.come around来访；D.come into进入。分析句子可知，主语it指代的是incident，应该搭配come about表示“事件发生”的可能性。故选B项。
7. The full ________ of social media lies in its ability to attract the customers to help us meet the business goals.
A. power B. strength C. energy D. force
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义的辨析。句意：社交媒体的全部力量在于它能够吸引客户来帮助我们实现业务目标。A. power基本意思是“力，力量”，指人或国家甚至是某个机构的权力、势力或影响力；B. strength说人时，指“体力，力气”；说物时，指“强度”。也可指“强项，长处”；C.energy主要指人的精力； D.force主要指强制力量，暴力，武力等。这里指社交媒体的影响力。故选A。
8. ________ has been four years ________ we met last time.
A. It; when B. There; before C. It; since D. There; after
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：自从我们上次见面到现在已经四年了。表示“自从……至今已经多久了”句型为“it has been+一段时间+since+从句”。故选C。
9. This kind of effective software makes it easier for a company to ________ its operation system.
A. rate B. estimate C. value D. evaluate
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这款有效的软件使得一个公司更容易地评价它的操作系统。A.rate “等级的评定” ；B. estimate “推测地估计”或“个人的主观估计”；C.value “重视或对某物价值的估计”；D. evaluate“准确地评价”，根据句中“有效的软件”，可以推断后面是“公司进行准确地评价”，故选D。
【点睛】
10. If we consider these ________ separately, each phenomenon is not so serious, but if we consider them ________, the situation becomes serious and desperate.
A. phenomenons; as a whole B. phenomena; as a whole
C. phenomena; on the whole D. phenomenons; on a whole
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数和固定短语。句意：如果把这些现象分开来看，每一种现象都不是那么严重，但是如果把它们作为一个整体来考虑，情况就会变得严重和铤而走险 。phenomenon意为“现象”，第一个空前的these可知，空格处应该填phenomenon的复数形式phenomena；
as a whole意为“整体而言”，on the whole意为“大体上说，总的来说”，consider... as ...意为“作为……考虑”，由第二个空前面的consider 可知，应该填as a whole。综合以上分析，应该选择B项。
11. ________ in the queue for two hours, Jack suddenly realized that he had left his identity card at home.
A. Waited B. Having been waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在排队等了两个小时之后，Jack突然意识到他把身份证忘在家里了。分析句子结构可知waite在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主Jack构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，且“等待”发生在谓语动词之前，故应用having done形式。故选C。
12. It is important that we ________ the window before we leave.
A. shall close B. will close C. must close D. close
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。诸如necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气，符合“It is...that +主语从句”的结构，从句的谓语动 词常用“should+动词原形”，且should的省略要看情况而定。句中表示建议的语气，should可以省略。故选D项。
13. It is ________ he often feels sleepy in class ________ makes his teachers worried about him.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. /; that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：他经常在课堂上打瞌睡，这使他的老师担心他。分析句子成分可知：句子的主语为_________ he often feels sleepy in class,第一个设空处引导从句在句中作主语，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，故用that；强调句结构为：it is/was +强调成分+that+其他。本句强调主语that he often feels sleepy in class,故第二个设空处应为that。故答案为C.
14. He is an untiring ________ of educational reform. He advocates ________ the teachers for their excellent jobs.
A. advocator; rewarding B. advocate; rewarding
C. advocator, to reward D. advocate; to reward
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：他是教育改革的不懈倡导者,他主张对教师的出色工作给予奖励。分析句子结构可知：第一个设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词作句子表语，设空处应为名词，结合句意，此处指“提倡者”，故用advocator；第二个设空处在句中作非谓语，advocate doing sth提倡做某事。故答案为A。
15. ________ the problems they’ve faced, they are happy with the life they lead.
A. In spite of B. Due to C. So long as D. regardless of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：尽管面临着许多问题，他们仍然开心地过着自己的日子。A.In spite of不管，尽管；B.Due to由于；C.So long as只要；D.Regardless of不管，不顾。分析句子可知，前后句逻辑上属于“先抑后扬”的关系，考虑让步状语，句意上来看，一般对于客观上无法避免的事实，往往是不利的条件、因素，要用in spite of后接名词the problems，意为“尽管，不管”。故选A项。
二、阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931 Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907-1964).
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environment movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s Lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O Connor’ finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a Law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabarna, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
16. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?
A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions.
17. Who made great contribution to the-civil movement in the US?
A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.
C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Parks.
18. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.
C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位杰出的女性，和她们在不同领域所做出的贡献。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中When Sandra Day O Connor’ finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a Law firm because she was a woman.可知1952年， Sandra Day O Connor在斯坦福大学法学院以全班第三名的成绩毕业时，因为是女性，她在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知，因为对妇女的歧视，所以律师事务所了拒绝O’Connor。故选C。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabarna, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.可知1955年12月1日，在阿拉巴马州的蒙哥马利市， Rasa Parks不愿在公交车上给一名白人乘客让座。她的简单行为使Parks进了监狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利的公车抵制运动。它持续了一年多，拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此可知，Rosa Parks对美国的民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.(1931年，Addams成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性)；第三段If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environment movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s Lakes and oceans.(如果没有Rachel Carson，环境运动可能不会存在。她在1962年出版的畅销书《寂静的春天》提高了人们对污染危险以及化学品对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的有害影响的认识)；第四段中She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.(1981年，她成为亚利桑那州参议员，成为第一位加入美国最高法院的女性)以及最后一段中Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.(她的简单行为使Parks进了监狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利的公车抵制运动。它持续了一年多，拉开了民权运动的序幕)由此可推知，文中提到的女性在不同的领域都做出了杰出贡献，他们都是开拓者。故选C。
B
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University has turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
19. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A. To explore new means of transport. B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older driver’s problems. D. To teach people traffic rules.
20. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent. B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength. D. It cures their mental illnesses.
21. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills. B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars. D. Organize regular physical checkups.
22. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Traffic Problem
C. Driving Service for elders D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
【答案】19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.可知，DriveLAB为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里。即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选A。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.及最后一段We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.可知，研究人员想要用技术解决的老年司机的关键难题，而且正在研究一种控制速度的系统，即开发驾驶员辅助技术，故选B。
【22题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以 Keeping Older Drivers on the Road符合全文主旨，其他题目都太片面，不足以概括全文。故选D。
【点睛】主旨大意题解题技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
（1）要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
（2）再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
（3）要注意题目是否过大或者过小
（4）要避免下列三种错误概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）、过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）、以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
比如第四题主要围绕老年司机为主，故排除了A和B，对象不正确。C. Driving Service for elders. 为老人提供服务，本文也算服务的一种，但是犯了过度概括的错误，范围扩大了， D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road.这正是本文介绍的内容，研究人员目的也是延长老年司机的驾驶时间。故选D。
C
Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises－the phonemes (音素) of a language－each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages.
But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We’d rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.
Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿音)－those such as f and v－that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f come to take the place of p. Romans said “pater” but English speakers (unless they’re Rees－Moggs) say “father”.
Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must combine sound and meaning, and the meaning can ’t exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味觉).
23. Compared with adults, babies could more easily .
A. create significant noises B. classify the forms of noises
C. understand the Greek language D. distinguish meaningful sounds
24. According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language?
A. Lips and teeth. B. Jobs and habits.
C. Age and regions. D. Food and thinking.
25. The reason for farmers' making sounds of “f” and “v” is .
A. enjoying more cooked foods B. biting more with front teeth
C. constantly chewing harder foods D. growing up with lager lower jaws
26. By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal .
A. jaws help shape our thought
B. food determines our thought
C. diet has some influence on language
D. language consists of sound and meaning
【答案】23. D 24. D 25. A 26. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要叙述了人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。第二段第二句New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet.可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有关the product of thought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。因此答案选择D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段The argument goes that famers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。故选A。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段We’d rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.可知任何一种语言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选C。
D
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A。
第二节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
You don’t have to be an art expert to comment on how you feel about a piece of art. ____31____ The same beauty that you appreciate in these everyday objects are things you can appreciate and discuss in art. If you are interested in broadening your artistic appreciation by visiting an art museum or gallery, here are steps to help you get a fuller experience:
____32____ Often exhibits are based around a theme, time period, a single artist’s work or a group of artists working within the same basic concept. By taking a few minutes to view the exhibit as a whole you can better appreciate the individual pieces.
Return to the beginning of the exhibit and spend little more time viewing each piece. First, examine each piece up close. Look for detail in the artwork. Second, step back anywhere from 4-6 feet away to get the full picture. ____33____ Find the pieces you feel drawn to. Never feel the need to linger on a piece that you don’t like. ____34____ Question the subject, the materials used to create the piece, and your own reaction to it. See if you can guess the artist’s intent.
Use the exhibition labels to understand the work. ____35____ After reading the information, ask yourself whether it supports or change the way you initially reacted to the work.
When you move on, try to give each piece in the gallery fair chance. No piece will appeal to everyone, but sometimes after closer inspection, you will find yourself appreciating works outside of your usual tastes.
A. Take some time to first scan through the entire gallery.
B. You just need to make continuous effort to acquire the taste.
C. Spend some time moving around each piece to learn more about it
D. Finally, if the piece is 3D sculptural object, be sure to view it from different angles.
E. These labels are where you can find the title, medium, artist and other useful information.
F. Try to think of the work of art as your other interests such as a beautiful car or dress design.
G. If, however, you find that the piece appeals to you, try to understand what it is about it that attracts you so much.
【答案】31. F 32. A 33. D 34. G 35. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些欣赏艺术品和展览的方法。
【31题详解】
根据上文You don’t have to be an art expert to comment on how you feel about a piece of art.(你不必成为一个艺术专家来评论你对一件艺术品的感受)以及后文The same beauty that you appreciate in these everyday objects are things you can appreciate and discuss in art.(你在这些日常物品中欣赏到的美，同样也可以在艺术中欣赏和讨论)由此可知，本句承上启下说明，你不必成为一个艺术专家才能欣赏艺术，后文提到了日常物品，说明你可以通过把艺术作品想象成日常用来欣赏。后文中these everyday objects可对应到F选项中such as a beautiful car or dress design。故F选项“试着把艺术作品想象成你其他的兴趣，比如一辆漂亮的车或一件衣服的设计”符合语境，故选F。
【32题详解】
根据后文Often exhibits are based around a theme, time period, a single artist’s work or a group of artists working within the same basic concept. By taking a few minutes to view the exhibit as a whole you can better appreciate the individual pieces.(展览通常是围绕一个主题、一个时间段、一个艺术家的作品或一群艺术家在相同的基本概念下工作。花几分钟时间从整体上看展览，你就能更好地欣赏每一件展品)可知，本句总起全段，说明欣赏展览的方法。根据后文“花几分钟时间从整体上看展览”说明此处建议的是先花时间总体浏览一下整个画廊。后文中view the exhibit as a whole可对应到A选项中scan through the entire gallery。故A选项“先花点时间浏览一下整个画廊”符合语境，故选A。
【33题详解】
根据上文First, examine each piece up close. Look for detail in the artwork. Second, step back anywhere from 4-6 feet away to get the full picture.(首先，仔细检查每一块。寻找艺术品中的细节。第二步，后退4-6英尺远的任何地方，以获得完整的照片)由此可知，上文已经提到了欣赏作品的前两个步骤，故本句应当是说明最后一个步骤。故D选项中Finally与上文中First和Second相对应。故D选项“最后，如果这件作品是三维雕塑对象，一定要从不同的角度看它”符合语境，故选D。
【34题详解】
根据上文Never feel the need to linger on a piece that you don’t like.(永远不要在你不喜欢的作品上徘徊)以及后文Question the subject, the materials used to create the piece, and your own reaction to it. See if you can guess the artist’s intent.(对作品的主题、创作材料以及你自己的反应提出疑问。看看你是否能猜出艺术家的意图)由此可知，上文提到了不喜欢的作品，后文提到了对作品提出相关的疑问，可推知本句与上文形成转折，是在说明遇到吸引自己的作品时，该如何欣赏。故G选项“然而，如果你发现这件作品对你很有吸引力，试着去理解它到底是什么吸引了你”符合语境，故选G。
【35题详解】
根据上文Use the exhibition labels to understand the work.(使用展览标签来了解作品)由此可知，本句应当是承接上文，进一步说明如何利用展品上的标签来了解作品的。上文中the exhibition labels可对应到E选项中These labels。故E选项“在这些标签上，你可以找到标题，媒介，艺术家和其他有用的信息”符合语境，故选E。
三、语言运用（共两节，总分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Do What You Enjoy
Sometimes you may find that you are not happy in your life，although everything is going well．Most of the time you have to ___36___this kind of unhappy life，since it is really hard to make changes and move on to a new business，which often involves taking ___37___
My father，however，was a quite different example．When I was about 9 or 10，he told me that I should
be whatever I wanted when I grew up，so long as I ___38___it．He said that if I were not feeling ___39___ ， I should try to change my life to make it more delightful，and I would find real___40___as a result．From him I learned a great lesson on the___41___of doing one's favorite．
My father got into the insurance industry when he was very young，and he was very___42___．He became one of the company's top salesmen，even though he was only 25 years old．Soon he became one of the first independent insurance salesmen in our state． ___43___，he decided to leave his successful ___44___and move on to other fields．You might ___45___why he did so．The answer was simple：he liked to do something challenging，something that ___46___.his strength and ability，especially in a way that is interesting．My father just wanted to have a try，and so he did．After leaving the insurance company，he worked in social media and then in digital technology，which really ___47___him．Of course he wasn't successful in everything he tried，but he told me for ___48___that he did something he liked，and that he had the ___49___ of doing what he enjoyed． ___50___ one's comfortable life is not easy．I've learned this from my father，and I can say no matter ___51___ is good or bad，it is ___52___ doing one's favorite．When we do something we love，it whether the gives us extra ___53___ to meet our goals，which are associated with psychological well-being and health．As long as we have no ___54___ and give it a try，we are forced to push against ourselves．After all we all want to be where we are ___55___ ourselves．
36. A. lose B. stop C. share D. continue
37. A. risks B. turns C. steps D. suggestions
38. A. promised B. enjoyed C. admitted D. adjusted
39. A. lucky B. safe C. comfortable D. special
40. A. concern B. pleasure C. strength D. talent
41. A. value B. honor C. control D. relief
42. A. sensitive B. cautious C. optimistic D. successful
43. A. Besides B. Therefor C. However D. Meanwhile
44. A. schedule B. career C. reform D. competition
45. A. wonder B. explain C. blame D. conclude
46. A. limited B. predicted C. tested D. affected
47. A. confused B. shocke C. discouraged D. attracted
48. A. free B. certain C. good D. real
49. A. satisfaction B. sympathy C. responsibility D. security
50. A. Protecting B. Selecting C. Leaving D. Arranging
51. A. function B. result C. signal D. attitude
52. A. simple B. normal C. popular D. worth
53. A. motivation B. consideration C. occupation D. qualification
54. A. rights B. faults C. regrets D. excuses
55. A. convincing B. evaluating C. representing D. challenging
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D
【解析】
很多人因无法做自己想做的事而抱怨生活。然而，放弃安稳的生活开始另一段“冒险”也并非易事。故事中主人公的父亲用自己的经历告诉我们，无论结果如何，做自己想做的事情都能给我们带来莫大的满足。
【36题详解】
D
考查动词。A. lose丢失；B. stop停止；C. share分享；D. continue继续。多数时间你还要继续这种不开心的生活，因为很难做出改变，然后换一个新的业务。故选D。
【37题详解】
A
考查名词。A. risks冒险；B. turns轮流；C. steps步伐；D. suggestions建议。所以多数时间你还要继续这种不开心的生活，因为做出改变，然后换一个新的事业是很难的，这经常要冒险。take risks冒险，故选A。
【38题详解】
B
考查动词。A. promised许诺；B. enjoyed喜爱；C. admitted承认；D. adjusted调整。我大约九、十岁时，我的父亲告诉我长大后应该做我想做的一切，只要我喜欢。故选B。
【39题详解】
C
考查形容词。A. lucky幸运的；B. safe安全的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. special特殊的。如果感到不舒适，我就应该改变生活，使它变得更令人愉快。故选C。
【40题详解】
B
考查名词。A. concern关心；B. pleasure快乐；C. strength力气；力量；D. talent天才。如果感到不舒适，我就应该改变生活，使它变得更令人愉快。这样我会找到真正的快乐。故选B。
【41题详解】
A
考查名词。A. value价值；B. honor荣誉；C. control控制；D. relief安慰。从他那里我学到了一堂有价值课：做自己喜欢的事。故选A。
【42题详解】
D
考查形容词。A. sensitive敏感的；B. cautious谨慎的，十分小心的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. successful成功的。根据下句：He became one of the company’s top salesmen, even though he was only 25 years old.可知，他的父亲是成功的。故选D。
【43题详解】
C
考查副词。A. Besides另外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据下文he decided to leave his successful ___9___ and move on to other fields.（他要离开自己成功的事业，去其他领域），所以此处表示转折，与上文意思相反，故选C。
【44题详解】
B
考查名词。A. schedule时间表；B. career事业；C. reform改革；D. competition竞争。然而，他要离开自己成功的事业，去其他领域。故选B。
【45题详解】
A
考查动词。A. wonder想知道；B. explain解释；C. blame责备；D. conclude推断。你可能想知道他为什么这样做。故选A。
【46题详解】
C
考查动词。A. limited限制；B. predicted预测；C. tested测试；D. affected影响。他喜欢挑战，测试自己的优势和能力。故选C。
【47题详解】
D
考查动词。A. confused困惑；B. shocked震惊；C. discouraged使丧失信心；D. attracted吸引。他离开保险公司之后，他在社交媒体，然后在数字技术，这都真的吸引他。故选D。
【48题详解】
B
考查形容词。A. free自由的；B. certain有把握的；C. good好的；D. real真的。他不是在每件事上都成功，但是他告诉我要确信做他喜欢的事。故选B。
【49题详解】
A
考查名词。A. satisfaction满意；B. sympathy同情；C. responsibility责任；D. security安全。他满足于做他喜欢做的事。故选A。
【50题详解】
C
考查动词。A. Protecting保护；B. Selecting选择；C. Leaving离开；D. Arranging安排。离开一个人的舒适生活并不容易。故选C。
【51题详解】
B
考查名词。A. function功能；B. result结果；C. signal信号；D. attitude态度。无论结果好与坏，做自己最喜欢的是值得的。故选B。
【52题详解】
D
考查形容词。A. simple简单的；B. normal正常的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. worth值得的。无论结果好与坏，做最自己最喜欢的是值得的。be worth doing sth.值得做某事，故答案为D。
【53题详解】
A
考查名词。A. motivation动机；B. consideration考虑；C. occupation职业，工作；D. qualification资格，条件。句意：当我们做我们喜欢事情时，它给了我们实现目标的额外动力。故选A。
【54题详解】
C
考查名词。考查名词。A. rights权利；B. faults错误；C. regrets遗憾；D. excuses借口。只要我们没有遗憾，尝试了，我们被迫督促自己。故选C。
【55题详解】
D
考查动词。A. convincing使相信；B. evaluating评估；C. representing代表；D. challenging挑战。毕竟我们都想挑战我们自己。故选D。
【名师点睛】
在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第8小题，A. Besides另外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据下文he decided to leave his successful ___9___ and move on to other fields.（他要离开自己成功的事业，去其他领域。），所以此处表示转折，与上文意思相反，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A note written to a radio station is getting worldwide attention.
The radio station has ____56____ annual tradition where listeners send in “wish letters,” and the hosts select a ____57____ (hand) of wishes. They’ve been fulfilling Christmas dreams for more than 20 years, ____58____ they had never received a letter quite like this.
Last week, the hosts of the radio station invited listener David Schmitz ____59____ their annual Christmas show, but the station didn’t tell Schmitz ____60____ had sent in the wish for his family.
They read this letter to him on the air: “Hello, my name is Brenda Schmitz, when you receive this letter, I ____61____ (lose) my battle to cancer.”
The letter was dated August 3, 2011. Brenda Schmitz passed away less than two months ____62____ she wrote it. But Brenda Schmitz had given this note to a friend, with instructions on when to mail ____63____.
Brenda Schmitz had three ____64____ (wish) for the family she left behind, their four sons, as well as the new family David Schmitz was starting.
A number of local businesses volunteered to make her wish _____65_____ (come) true.
【答案】56. an 57. handful
58. but 59. to
60. who 61. will have lost
62. after 63. it
64. wishes 65. come
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。主人公David Schmitz在圣诞期间，才通过电台收听了已逝妻子在弥留之际写给他的许愿信，并祝愿他和四个孩子及他的新家庭生活幸福。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这家广播电台每年都有听众发送“许愿信”的传统。空格后的形容词annual意为“每年的，一年一次的”，其首字母发元音音素；tradition意为“传统”，是可数名词单数形式， 因此，不定冠词 an 修饰annual tradition。故填an。
【57题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：主持人会挑选一些愿望。a handful of是固定搭配，意为“一些，一把，少量”，故填handful。
【58题详解】
考查连词。句意：20多年来，他们一直都在贯彻实现这些圣诞梦想，但从来没有收到过这样的信。通过下文可知，电台收到的这封信很特殊，在此之前，电台从来没有收到过类似的祝愿信，因此本句中是一个转折关系，连词but表转折。故填but。
【59题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：上周，电台的主持人邀请了听众David Schmitz参加他们一年一度的圣诞节目。固定搭配invite sb. to sp. 意为“邀请某人去某地”，句中缺少介词to，故填to。
【60题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：但电台没有告诉David Schmitz，是谁给他的家人寄来的愿望。分析句子可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句的谓语动词是had sent，从句空格处应该填从句的主语。连接代词who在宾语从句中，可以充当主语，指代人，在本句中，who指代寄贺卡的人。故填who。
【61题详解】
考查时态。句意：当你收到这封信时，我已经输给了癌症。将来完成时是用于表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。分析语境可知，Brenda Schmitz在弥留之际，写下了这封信，她当时知道自己时日不多，将来会败给癌症，因此用将来完成时will have lost表示将来她会完成“败给癌症”这个动作。故填will have lost。
【62题详解】
考查after引导的时间状语从句。句意：Brenda Schmitz在写了这封信后，不到两个月就去世了。分析句子可知，这是一个时间状语从句，after引导的时间状语从句意为“……以后”，故填after。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：但Brenda Schmitz把这封信给了一个朋友，并说明了何时邮寄它。分析句意可知，空格部分与前面提到的this note是同一个事物，故用代词it指代，故填。
【64题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：Brenda Schmitz给他抛下的家庭、他们的四个儿子，以及David Schmitz即将开始的新家庭三个愿望。wish作为名词时，意为“愿望”，是可数名词。本句中空格前面有数词three，因此应该用wish的复数形式wishes。故填wishes。
【65题详解】
考查动词。句意：当地一些企业志愿使她的愿望实现。动词短语make something done表被动，意为“使…..被做”，come的过去分词是come，make her wish come ture意为“使她的愿望被实现”，过去分词短语come ture做make的宾语补足语，故填come。
四、单词拼写（共15小题，每题0.5分，满分7.5分）
第一节 根据所给的首字母填入适当的词，使句子意思完整注意单词的正确形式。
66. At Jack’s birthday party, we c________ vast quantities of food and drink. Later, we found we had overeaten.（根据首字母填空）
【答案】consumed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词的过去时。句意：在杰克的生日聚会上，我们消耗了大量的食物和饮料。后来，我们发现我们吃得太多了。consume 动词，意为“消耗， 吃， 喝”，分析可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，又由第二句中的found 可知，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，因此，空格处应该填consume的过去时形式consumed，故填consumed。
67. New York is a very culturally and ethnically d________ city, where live people with different backgrounds and from different countries. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】diverse
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：纽约是个极具文化多样性和民族多样性的城市，这里生活着来自不同国家、背景各异的人们。分析句子可知，空白处由副词culturally和ethnically修饰，需要一个形容词作定语修饰city，结合定语从句的解释，应当用diverse表示（文化和民族）“多种多样的”。故填diverse。
68. He experienced symptoms of nicotine w________ after he quit smoking. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】withdrawal
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：戒烟后，他经历了尼古丁戒断反应。分析句子可知，nicotine与空白处共同组成名词短语，作of的宾语，结合句意，要用symptoms of nicotine withdrawal表示“尼古丁戒断症状”。故填withdrawal。
69. A top German engineer has been a________ to investigate and solve the problem of the new machine. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】appointed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：一个一流的德国工程师已经被派去调查并解决这台新机器的问题。此空填谓语动词，主语是工程师，再跟据后面目的是“调查并解决问题”，所以推测工程师“被指派”，填appointed。
【点睛】“”
70. Bob was late today, but he gave me a g________ that it would never happen again. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】guarantee
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：Bob今天迟到了，但他跟我保证下不为例。分析句子可知，空白处需要一个名词，作动词gave的宾语，that引导的同位语从句内容是一个承诺、一种保证，应该用give sb. a guarantee表示“向某人保证”。故填guarantee。
71. Natural c________ such as floods and earthquakes cannot be prevented. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】catastrophes
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：像洪水和地震这样的自然灾难是不能被阻止的。根据后面举例洪水和地震，可以推测这里指自然灾难，自然灾难有许多种，所以要用复数，再根据要求c开头的单词，所以填catastrophes。
【点睛】
72. They felt tired, so they stopped by a spring to r________ themselves. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】refresh
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们感到累了，于是停在一个小溪边，使自己恢复精力。refresh 动词，意为“使恢复精力”，动词不定式to refresh themselves做目的状语。故填refresh。
73. I don’t feel I’m achieving my full p________ in my present job, so I want to change for a new one. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】potential
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我不觉得在现在的工作中我能实现自己全部的潜能，所以我打算换一份新的工作。根据谓语动词achieve的搭配，再根据动作发生在我目前的工作中，所以推断是“不能实现我的潜能”，故填|potential。
【点睛】
74. The Mayor was accused of a________ his position of power by giving jobs to his relatives. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】abusing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：市长被指控滥用职权，把工作给他的亲戚。根据单词首字母以及句意“滥用”，可知应填动词abuse，且此处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填abusing。
75. We, as partners, made a c________ to keep working together and never to turn against the other whatever situation would be. （根据首字母填空）
【答案】commitment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为合作伙伴，我们承诺将继续合作，无论在什么情况下都不会背叛对方。。分析句子可知，空白处需要名词，结合句意，要用make a commitment表示“承诺，保证”。故填commitment。
第二节
选词填空，选择合适的词的适当形式填空，有3个词多余。
launch respectively arouse spell exceed compulsory theoretically groundbreaking
76. It is ________ for all drivers and passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
77. The twin brothers are successful in their ________ fields, Brian in science and Bill in music.
78. The witch cast a ________ on the prince and he turned into a frog.
79. He won the first prize in the English speech contest, which ________ our expectations.
80. The organization has ________ a campaign to raise 50,000RMB for the victims in the conflict.
【答案】76. compulsory
77. respective
78. spell 79. exceeded
80. launched
【解析】
【76题详解】
考查形容词。句意：司机和所有乘客系上安全带是必须的。分析句子可知，这里符合it is+形容词+to do sth.的形式主语句型，空白处需要形容词，从不定式内容来看，要用compulsory表示（系安全带是）“强制的，必须做的”。故填compulsory。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：双胞胎兄弟在各自的领域都非常成功，Brian专攻数学，Bill专攻音乐。分析句子可知，空白处需要一个形容词作定语修饰fields，主语是twin brothers指两个人，结合句意容易想到用respective表示“各自的”（领域）。故填respective。
【78题详解】
考查名词。句意：巫师对王子施了一个咒语，将他变成了青蛙。主语是witch，动作是cast“投，抛，施放”，结合句意容易想到用spell表示“咒语，符咒”。故填spell。
【79题详解】
考查动词。句意：他在英语演讲比赛中得了第一名，超出了我们的预料。分析句子可知，在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，which指代前句的内容作主语，宾语是expectations“预料，期待”，要用exceed表示“超过，超出”，且根据主句时态为一般过去时。故填exceeded。
【80题详解】
考查动词。句意：组织已经发动了一场运动，为冲突的受害者们募集50000元善款。分析句子可知，主语为organization，宾语为a campaign，谓语动词考虑用launch表示“发动，发起”，且在现在完成时中要用过去分词形式。故填launched。
五、写作（共1小题，满分15分）
81. 为了配合广州市开展的垃圾分类工作，学生会向全校同学发出了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会，在学校的英语墙报上发表一封倡议书，内容包括：
① 为什么要垃圾分类；
② 垃圾分类的益处；
③ 呼吁全体学生一起参加。
注意：
1. 词数在100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification
Dear fellow students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
People are producing garbage every day, which has become a big headache in every city. To solve this problem, our city has launched programme of garbage classification.
There are some advantages for doing this. Firstly, garbage classification can reduce the amount of waste. Accordingly, the cost of treating waste will be brought down greatly. Secondly, some of the waste is of value. To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which also contributes to environmental protection.
Garbage classification is meaning thing. If everyone can do it, small things can make a big difference. Dear friends, let’s work together for a better city!
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇提纲类写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，为了配合广州市开展的垃圾分类工作，学生会向全校同学发出了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会，在学校的英语墙报上发表一封倡议书，内容包括：① 为什么要垃圾分类；② 垃圾分类的益处；③ 呼吁全体学生一起参加。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：headache (头痛，麻烦事)；solve this problem(解决问题)；launch(启动)；garbage classification(垃圾分类)；advantages(优点)；reduce(减少)；the amount of(……的数量)；bring down(降低)；be of value(有价值的)；contribute to(有助于)；environmental protection(环保)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如People are producing garbage every day, which has become a big headache in every city.运用非限制性定语从句；If everyone can do it, small things can make a big difference.运用条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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