还剩16页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：初中语法语法大全
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
- 初中英语语法复习：代词 学案 学案 3 次下载
- 初中英语语法复习：冠 词 学案 学案 2 次下载
- 初中英语语法复习：构词法 学案 学案 2 次下载
- 初中英语语法复习：动 词 学案 学案 3 次下载
- 初中英语语法复习：简单句和复合句 学案 学案 6 次下载
初中英语语法复习：副词 学案
展开
副 词
一．副词的概念
副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词。
二分类
一）． 常见的时间副词
1.常见的时间副词有
now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
2. 时间副词在句中的位置
(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。
(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。 I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：
I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：
Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页？
Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了？
二）、地点副词
1. 常见的地点副词
here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。
2. 地点副词在句中的位置
地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：
Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。
三）、方式副词
1. 方式副词的特点
方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。
2. 方式副词在句中的位置
(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：
He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：
不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.) 但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。
若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：
He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane.
他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。
(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。
(3) 有的方式副词(如
bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首，以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：
Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。
四）、频度副词
1. 频度副词的特点
频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的
ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后： He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前： She always was late. 她老是迟到。
有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。 We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。
Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗?
有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：
Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。
Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序： Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。
另外，频度副词always 和 never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句： Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。 Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置
在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”
之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：
He doesn’t usually come here. / He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。
She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesn’ t)
He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对所做的事不负责任。
五）、程度副词
1. 程度副词的特点
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有
fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
2. 程度副词的用法注意点
(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)：
Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。 【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。
(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very) We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：
It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。 若此结构中没有形容词，则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前：
It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。
六）、连接副词
1. 连接副词的分类
连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。
2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词
其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)：
I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
注意，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末：
He may, however, come later. 不过，他也许一会儿就到。
We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个。
3. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等： Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。
I don’t know how I can find him. / I don’t know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到他。
三、副词在句中的用法
1．修饰动词
Advertisements appear everywhere in modern society． 广告在现代社会无处不在。
I haven’t read that book carefully．I’ve just only dipped into it． 我没有认真读过那本书，只是随便翻阅过。
2．修饰形容词
Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous。 你独自在体育馆训练是非常危险的。
I think at the beginning we’d rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music． 我认为开始时我们应该来点稍微轻柔平和的音乐。
3．修饰副词
He worked out just how much the light would bend; he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved．他把光的弯曲度计算了出来；他还能把星球看上去移动了的距离也计算出来。
If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dancer headed straight upward during the straight part of the wagging dance．
如果喂食地点向着太阳，跳舞的蜜蜂在跳摆尾舞的直线部分就一直向上。
4．修饰全句
You are obviously a person of great courage． 显然你是个极有勇气的人。
Often, all we need is a good friend who will listen to us while we“talk things through”．
往往我们所需要的，不过是一位能倾听我们“畅叙衷肠”的好朋友。
Then it turned in a semicircle, ran straight again, and turned in another semicircle to the opposite side然后它转半个圈，再沿直线跑，在另一边又转半个圈。
四．副词的主要句法功能：
1. 用作状语。如：
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。
I often get up at six in the morning. 我经常是在早晨6点钟起床。
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
2. 用作表语。如：
I’ll be back in five minutes. 我五分钟就回来。
I must be off now. 我现在得走了。
Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的？
在一般情况下，作表语时不用副词而用形容词：
误：He looks very angrily.
正：He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
误：Mr. Smith is very carefully.
正：Mr. Smith is very careful. 史密斯先生很仔细。
英语中可用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词，常见的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, back, in, home, ahead, upstairs, downstairs, off, through, on, over 等。而且这些副词只能用于连系动词be 后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语，如：
误：He seems here. / He seems away.
正：He is here. / He is away.
3. 用作宾语。如：
It’s hot in here. 这里面很热。
It’s not far from here. 从这儿去不远。
I’ll stay at home tonight. 今晚我将呆在家里。
副词用作宾语的用法十分有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点，如 here和there 可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介词连用，但通常不与介词to连用，如不说come to here, go to there 等(注:from here to there是例外)。
4用作宾语补足语。如：
Please ask him in, please. 请叫他进来。
I’m pleased to see you back. 看到你回来了我很高兴。
一般说来，只有能用作表语的副词才可用作宾语补足语。
5用作定语。如：
Is there anything on tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗?
The people there were very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。
在通常情况下，副词用作定语总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
五．副词的比较等级
节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。
near nearer nearest hard harder hardest
多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。
warmly more warmly most warmly
successfully more successfully most successfully
有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。 well-better - best little - less - least Much- more - most badly - worse - worst far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
但是，开放类副词即以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或est， 如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly 〔注〕： early中的ly不是后缀，故可以把y变i再加er和est
副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。
1. 原级主要的句型：
1）as+副词原级+as Tom runs as fast as Jones.
not as/so+副词原级+as He didn’t come as/so early as Li Lei.
2）too+副词原级+to do sth. Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me.
3）so +副词原级+ that Jean rides so slowly that she can’t catch up with me.
4）副词原级+enough to do sth. Jean doesn’t ride fast enough to catch up with me.
2. 比较级的用法：
1）比较级+than。当前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词来代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。
Lily run faster than Mary(did).
2）比较级+and +比较级 The days are getting longer and longer in summer.
3）the more…the more… The harder you work, the better you will learn. 3
3. . 最高级的用法：
副词最高级前一般有the，也可省略。
He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.
甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”
表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.
迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.
迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)
3.最高级常用句型结构
“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
注意：
以辅音字母＋y（读作/i/）结尾的形容词变为副词时，要把y变为i，再加-ly，如easily，happily
以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时，直接加-y，如chilly，fully等；
以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词变为副词时，去-le加-ly，如ably，idly，simply等；
以-ue结尾的形容词变为副词时，去-e加-ly，如truly等；
以-ic结尾的形容词变为副词时，加-ally，如basically，heroically，tragically等。
有些副词有两种不同的形式，一种和形容词同形，另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成，二者有时没有什么区别，如high—highly，slow—slowly等。
副词除了常见的后缀-ly外，还有一些后缀，如：-wise, -ward (s), -ways等。有些副词带有前缀a-，如：abroad, ahead, around, aloud, alike, alone等。
少数以ly结尾的词却是形容词，一定要注意;friendly， weekly，monthly, daily, lovely, lively, yearly
六．多个副词连用的位置关系
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、）副词的位置：
1） 在动词之前。
2） 在be动词、助动词之后。
3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、）副词的排列顺序：
1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
一定要和形容词结合才能分清副词的用法:
七．兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 与lately
late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free与freely
free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
一．副词的概念
副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词。
二分类
一）． 常见的时间副词
1.常见的时间副词有
now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
2. 时间副词在句中的位置
(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。
(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。 I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：
I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：
Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页？
Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了？
二）、地点副词
1. 常见的地点副词
here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。
2. 地点副词在句中的位置
地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：
Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。
三）、方式副词
1. 方式副词的特点
方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。
2. 方式副词在句中的位置
(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：
He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：
不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.) 但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。
若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：
He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane.
他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。
(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。
(3) 有的方式副词(如
bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首，以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：
Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。
四）、频度副词
1. 频度副词的特点
频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的
ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后： He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前： She always was late. 她老是迟到。
有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。 We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。
Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗?
有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：
Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。
Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序： Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。
另外，频度副词always 和 never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句： Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。 Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置
在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”
之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：
He doesn’t usually come here. / He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。
She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesn’ t)
He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对所做的事不负责任。
五）、程度副词
1. 程度副词的特点
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有
fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
2. 程度副词的用法注意点
(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)：
Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。 【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。
(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very) We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：
It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。 若此结构中没有形容词，则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前：
It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。
六）、连接副词
1. 连接副词的分类
连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。
2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词
其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)：
I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
注意，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末：
He may, however, come later. 不过，他也许一会儿就到。
We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个。
3. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等： Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。
I don’t know how I can find him. / I don’t know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到他。
三、副词在句中的用法
1．修饰动词
Advertisements appear everywhere in modern society． 广告在现代社会无处不在。
I haven’t read that book carefully．I’ve just only dipped into it． 我没有认真读过那本书，只是随便翻阅过。
2．修饰形容词
Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous。 你独自在体育馆训练是非常危险的。
I think at the beginning we’d rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music． 我认为开始时我们应该来点稍微轻柔平和的音乐。
3．修饰副词
He worked out just how much the light would bend; he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved．他把光的弯曲度计算了出来；他还能把星球看上去移动了的距离也计算出来。
If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dancer headed straight upward during the straight part of the wagging dance．
如果喂食地点向着太阳，跳舞的蜜蜂在跳摆尾舞的直线部分就一直向上。
4．修饰全句
You are obviously a person of great courage． 显然你是个极有勇气的人。
Often, all we need is a good friend who will listen to us while we“talk things through”．
往往我们所需要的，不过是一位能倾听我们“畅叙衷肠”的好朋友。
Then it turned in a semicircle, ran straight again, and turned in another semicircle to the opposite side然后它转半个圈，再沿直线跑，在另一边又转半个圈。
四．副词的主要句法功能：
1. 用作状语。如：
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。
I often get up at six in the morning. 我经常是在早晨6点钟起床。
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
2. 用作表语。如：
I’ll be back in five minutes. 我五分钟就回来。
I must be off now. 我现在得走了。
Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的？
在一般情况下，作表语时不用副词而用形容词：
误：He looks very angrily.
正：He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
误：Mr. Smith is very carefully.
正：Mr. Smith is very careful. 史密斯先生很仔细。
英语中可用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词，常见的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, back, in, home, ahead, upstairs, downstairs, off, through, on, over 等。而且这些副词只能用于连系动词be 后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语，如：
误：He seems here. / He seems away.
正：He is here. / He is away.
3. 用作宾语。如：
It’s hot in here. 这里面很热。
It’s not far from here. 从这儿去不远。
I’ll stay at home tonight. 今晚我将呆在家里。
副词用作宾语的用法十分有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点，如 here和there 可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介词连用，但通常不与介词to连用，如不说come to here, go to there 等(注:from here to there是例外)。
4用作宾语补足语。如：
Please ask him in, please. 请叫他进来。
I’m pleased to see you back. 看到你回来了我很高兴。
一般说来，只有能用作表语的副词才可用作宾语补足语。
5用作定语。如：
Is there anything on tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗?
The people there were very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。
在通常情况下，副词用作定语总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
五．副词的比较等级
节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。
near nearer nearest hard harder hardest
多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。
warmly more warmly most warmly
successfully more successfully most successfully
有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。 well-better - best little - less - least Much- more - most badly - worse - worst far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
但是，开放类副词即以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或est， 如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly 〔注〕： early中的ly不是后缀，故可以把y变i再加er和est
副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。
1. 原级主要的句型：
1）as+副词原级+as Tom runs as fast as Jones.
not as/so+副词原级+as He didn’t come as/so early as Li Lei.
2）too+副词原级+to do sth. Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me.
3）so +副词原级+ that Jean rides so slowly that she can’t catch up with me.
4）副词原级+enough to do sth. Jean doesn’t ride fast enough to catch up with me.
2. 比较级的用法：
1）比较级+than。当前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词来代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。
Lily run faster than Mary(did).
2）比较级+and +比较级 The days are getting longer and longer in summer.
3）the more…the more… The harder you work, the better you will learn. 3
3. . 最高级的用法：
副词最高级前一般有the，也可省略。
He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.
甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”
表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.
迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.
迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)
3.最高级常用句型结构
“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
注意：
以辅音字母＋y（读作/i/）结尾的形容词变为副词时，要把y变为i，再加-ly，如easily，happily
以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时，直接加-y，如chilly，fully等；
以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词变为副词时，去-le加-ly，如ably，idly，simply等；
以-ue结尾的形容词变为副词时，去-e加-ly，如truly等；
以-ic结尾的形容词变为副词时，加-ally，如basically，heroically，tragically等。
有些副词有两种不同的形式，一种和形容词同形，另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成，二者有时没有什么区别，如high—highly，slow—slowly等。
副词除了常见的后缀-ly外，还有一些后缀，如：-wise, -ward (s), -ways等。有些副词带有前缀a-，如：abroad, ahead, around, aloud, alike, alone等。
少数以ly结尾的词却是形容词，一定要注意;friendly， weekly，monthly, daily, lovely, lively, yearly
六．多个副词连用的位置关系
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、）副词的位置：
1） 在动词之前。
2） 在be动词、助动词之后。
3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、）副词的排列顺序：
1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
一定要和形容词结合才能分清副词的用法:
七．兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 与lately
late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free与freely
free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
