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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Teenage life优质导学案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Teenage life优质导学案，共30页。学案主要包含了单词拼写，单句语法填空，用方框内的短语完成下列句子，完成句子，短文填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 1 TEENAGE LIFE
1.2 Discovering Useful Structures
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词, 在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分。
一．名词短语: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。
（一）名词短语的组成
1.前置定语+名词
作前置定语的主要有：限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、单个的分词或动名词等。
注意：限定词包括：
冠词 （a / an / the )、指 示代词 （this、that、these、those等 ）、 物主代词 （my 、your、his、her、our、their 等 ）和不定 代词（some、
no 、neither、 both 等 ）
What is your sister’s favorite color?
你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？
The online shop sells children’s and men’s shoes at a very low price.
网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。
Our school has fifty-six women teachers.
我们学校有56个女教师。
Mom, please give me two tomatoes. I want to make vegetable salad.
妈妈，请给我两个西红柿，我想做蔬菜沙拉。
The sleeping child is his son.
正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子.
The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground. 落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。
He went to the swimming pool.他去游泳池了.
2.名词+
后置定语
作后置定语的主要有：介词短语、分词、不定式等。
Here are two nice photos of my family.
这儿有两张我家的好看的相片。
As we all know, Mountain Tai is the pride of Shandong. 众所周知，泰山是山东的骄傲。
If you don’t know the way to the science museum, here is a map of the city.
如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。
There are some boys playing basketball over there.
有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。
Do you know the man talking to Tom?
你认识正在和汤姆谈话的那个人吗？
The problem discussed yesterday has been solved.
昨天讨论的问题被解决了。
Nowadays some products made in China are both good and cheap. 现在很多中国制造的产品质量好且便宜。
The man to give us a talk next week is a scientist.下周要给我们作报告的人是个科学家。
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the prize in science. 屠呦呦是第一个获得科学奖的中国人。
（二）名词短语的功能
名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
1.作主语
The broken glass may cut into your hand if you touch it.
如果你触摸它，坏了的玻璃杯可能会划伤你的手。
----The best season to come to Yichang is spring. 到宜昌的最佳季节是春季。
----I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable
我也是这样看的。青山绿水令人难忘。
The houses built last year are for the teachers.
去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。
2.作宾语
I’d like tomato noodles for breakfast. 早餐我想要西红柿面条。
Jack’s mother can’t go to the parents’ meeting because she is too busy. 杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了。
Do you have this T-shirt in a small size? 你有小号的这款T恤吗？
3.作表语
Excuse me! Is this Lucy and Lily’s new house?
打扰一下，这是露西和莉莉的新房子吗？
He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。
This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie.
这就是做这种美味甜饼的方法。
4.作宾语补足语
We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。
More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of Chinese culture.
越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
二．形容词短语
（一） 形容词短语的组成
1.副词+形容词
注意：enough修饰形容词，放在所修饰的形容词之后。
The little boy is very clever. 这个小男孩很聪明。
My deskmate is really active. 我的同桌真的是很活泼。
I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。
She feels quite happy. 她感到很开心。
Tom is much more friendly and he has more friends.
汤姆（对人）更友好，他有更多的朋友。
This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。
This movie wasn’t interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。
You can’t be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。
2. 形容词+
介词短语
His face was white with anger. 他的脸气得发白。
The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
3. 形容词+
不定式短语
He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。
He is eager to see his parents. 他急切地想见到父母。
（二）形容词短语的功能
形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
1. 作定语
My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions.
我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。
Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。
2. 作表语
The sweater is too expensive，and I don’t have enough money to buy it. 那件毛衣太贵了，我没有足够的钱买。
Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.
罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。
He can't do anything, he's completely good for nothing!
他什么都干不了，一点也没用。
3. 作宾语
补足语
Helping others makes us very proud. 帮助别人使我们非常自豪。
I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。
4. 作状语
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。
Curious enough，Danny opened the box to see what was in it.
出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。
三．副词短语
（一） 副词短语的组成
副词+副词
注意：very ,quite, extremely等程度副词修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前；enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之后。
He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。
You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly?
你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？
You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂。
（二） 副词短语的功能
1.修饰动词
He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。
2. 修饰形容词
The instructions on the box are really very confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
3.修饰副词
The fire spread far too fast.
大火蔓延得太快了。
4.修饰句子
Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛的第一名。
总之，短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用。
一、单词拼写
1.Schools need __________（志愿者）to help children to read.
2.The two sides __________（辩论）whether to raise the price of school meals．
3.The China-US trade war has now become a hot __________（话题）.
4.Online gaming allows players from around the world to __________（挑战） each other.
5.Our company will offer more jobs to university __________（毕业生）this year.
6.British Airlines is putting on an __________（额外的）flight to London tomorrow.
7.It is important to explain this again or we will __________（使弄混）the students.
8. We are trying to find s__________ to global warming.
9 .Now she is planning our s________ for the trip.
10. This park in France uses the most a__________ technology.
二、单句语法填空
1.The (solve) of the problem has just come to me.
2.The ending of the film made him a little (confuse).
3.I think he was born to be an (edit) of a newspaper.
4.It seems that (read) English is easier than speaking it.
5.Is it worthwhile (bargain) two hours for two cents?
6. (obvious) he is interested in music as well as in painting.
7.It is no use (operate) on the sick man. He should have been sent here early.
8.For years, he has been studying roof greening, a method of (improve) the environment.
9.The new measures which have been taken show China’s sense of (responsible) as a major country.
10.Chinese doctors have brought (advance) medical technology and experience which could help not only patients but also doctors in Africa.
三、用方框内的短语完成下列句子
（一）
get used to, hand out, be responsible for, keep up with, make the team, on one’s own, be prepared for, sign up
1.He tells me that whatever may happen, he it.
2.The air is rather thin here, but you’ll it in time.
3.He never joins with us; he always plays .
4.You’ll never if you don’t turn up for training.
5.The club a new goalkeeper this season.
6.When at college, I often advertisements after school.
7.These volunteers collecting plastic bags on the beach.
8.China is determined to improve its laws to ensure they the changing times.
（二）
be focused on; from generation to generation; sign up; prefer… to; in advance; clean up; be suitable for; be responsible for; be attracted to; be addicted to
9. It is natural for people to__________ beautiful things.
10. These stories have been passed down__________.
11. Nowadays most kids__________ watching TV __________ reading.
12. The students took turns to __________ their classroom.
13. This programme__________ children.
14. Can I __________ for this course in advance?
15. It's cheaper if you book the tickets __________.
16. The school __________ your child's safety.
17. He__________ computer games.
18. Most of us __________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
一、单词拼写
1. volunteers 2. debated 3. topic 4. challenge 5. graduates
6. extra 7. confuse 8 solutions 9. schedule 10. advanced
二、单句语法填空
1.solution
2.confused
3.editor
4.reading
5.bargaining或to bargain
6.Obviously
7.operating
8.improving
9.responsibility
10.advanced
三、用方框内的短语完成下列句子
1.is prepared for
2.get used to
3.on his own
4.make the team
5.signed up
6.handed out
7.are responsible for
8.keep up with
9.be attracted to
10.from generation to generation
11. prefer；to
12. clean up
13. is suitable for
14. sign up
15. in advance
16. is responsible for
17.is addicted to
18.are more focused on
一、单项选择。
1.Go Go Squid is ________ very popular TV play and many people enjoy it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2.When we meet problems, we should try to solve them by ________.
A. we B. us C. ours D. ourselves
3.The Olympic Winter Games will start in China ________ February 20th, 2022.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
4.Zhang Lin is a popular ________ in this school and most of her students are her fans.
A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher
5.“The Belt and Road” will help to ________ markets for China as well as other countries along.
A. pick up B. set up C. put up D. get up
6.There are fewer and fewer tigers in the world. The situation will continue ________ humans stop killing them for fur and bones.
A. if B. since C. unless D. because
7.— I think good health is ________ than any other thing.
—I quite agree. It’s said that without good health, all the other things are ZERO.
A. more important B. less important
C. most important D. least important
8.— I called you yesterday afternoon. But you didn’t answer me.
—Yesterday afternoon? Oh, I ________ in Olympic Sports Center.
A. am swimming B. swim C. was swimming D. will swim
9.一 Mike, don’t make so much noise. It’s too late.
一________. I’ll go to bed right now.
A. Not bad B. You’d better not C. Yes, I will D. Sorry, I won’t
10.— Could you tell me ________?
—OK. I’ll show you the way later.
A. when did you work out the problem in such a short time
B. where you worked out the problem in such a short time
C. which did you work out the problem in such a short time
D. how you worked out the problem in such a short time
二、完形填空。
Right after lunch, Mother found she had got a cold. She did need a rest in bed. But first she had a few things to do. Prepare the meat for ___11___. Leave a note for the cleaners…
At last, she fell into bed, soon asleep…
Then the door banged(砰地一声) open as the ___12___ came home from school. “Mom! Mom! Where are you?” “Didn’t you even get up yet?” “What about dinner?”
“I’m sick. And I can’t do anything. I’ll have to leave all to ___13___ . Cook the potatoes. Take care of the baby. Put plates, spoons and forks on the table.”
“Wonderful!” “No problem!” The children ran off ___14___. Mother was left in her quiet room. She felt terrible! But everyone else seemed great. In fact, there seemed to be a party going on with loud laughs ___15___ the children.
There was a sudden crash (破碎声). Then a voice shouted, “Get the baby out of the way —___16___ he cuts himself. Don’t break Mom’s rest!”
Another crash came! The younger girl rushed in with news. “They ___17___ your plate and the dog ate all your dinner.”
The girl ran off. There was more noise until, finally, the children appear, ___18___. They were proud of what they brought. There is a glass of water, three beans, a cold boiled potato and a small piece of burned meat.
Suddenly, Mother felt ___19___ . As the children watched carefully, she ate her cold dinner. “Everything ___20___so good,” Mom smiled. “Thank you, my kids. I feel better now.”
11. A. tea B. breakfast C. lunch D. dinner
12. A. father B. cleaners C. children D. dog
13. A. you B. me C. her D. him
14. A. excitedly B. sadly C. quietly D. angrily
15. A. in B. with C. from D. under
16. A. after B. before C. when D. until
17. A. made B. dropped C. sold D. changed
18. A. crying B. smiling C. cooking D. sleeping
19. A. tired B. afraid C. weak D. great
20. A. tastes B. looks C. smells D. sounds
三、阅读理解。
阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
A
Mr. Brown was a writer. He wrote many books, and he thought they were quite good. He lived in the city. One morning, he went to a small town near the city to visit a friend. He went there by bus. When he got to the town, he saw a bookshop not far from the bus stop. As it was early, he decided to go in and have a look. There were many books in the shop. He was very happy that all the books in the shop were written by him. “Where are other writer’s books?” he asked the man in the shop. The man looked up at him and answered. “Oh, they are all sold out.”
21. Mr. Brown was a ______.
A. teacher B. doctor
C. writer D. farmer
22. Mr. Brown went to the town to ________.
A. visit his friend B. sell his books
C. have a holiday D. buy a present
23. All the books in the shop were written by Mr. Brown because ________.
A. the man in the shop only liked his books
B. the man in the shop was Mr. Brown’s friend
C. his books were better than the other writer’s
D. the other’s book were all sold out
B
When your pen is broken, the batteries (电池) in your toys run out, or you have some leftover food, what will you do with these things? You will probably throw them all into one bin. But actually, all of these pieces of rubbish need to be sorted (分类) separately.
Rubbish sorting is a big problem worldwide. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on it. Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a “green account (账户)” service. Account owners get points by correctly sorting their rubbish. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards or other products. The city is asking all people living there to sort their rubbish into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.
Wet waste is something you don’t want but that pigs can eat. Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine, batteries and bulbs. Finally, any waste that’s not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the “dry waste” bin.
Many other Chinese cities are also sorting their rubbish in this way. For example, Shenzhen has been doing this since 2012. Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study.
In fact, there are still many workers specially working for sorting rubbish by hand in China. There is still a long way to go. But it’s never too late for every Chinese to learn how to sort rubbish properly and protect the environment.
If you don’t sort your rubbish, all of it will go to a landfill (垃圾填埋场) and be buried together.
These landfills can take up much ground that could be used for planting. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries or used mobile phones, can cause pollution. Other pieces of rubbish, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.
24. Shanghai creates the “green account” service in order to ________.
A. work with the Alipay app B. punish those who don’t sort rubbish
C. exchange useful products D. encourage people to sort their rubbish
25. Things below are harmful waste EXCEPT ________.
A. medicine. B. batteries
C. plastics D. bulbs
26. After drinking up the milk, you can put the milk box into a “________ waste” bin.
A. wet B. recyclable
C. harmful D. dry
27. The last paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. why we should sort rubbish properly B. where our rubbish can be dealt with
C. how some waste can be recycled D. what waste can cause pollution
28. Which is NOT TRUE about rubbish sorting in China according to this passage?
A. There is still a long way to go in rubbish sorting.
B. There are many workers sorting rubbish by hand.
C. Students have to take waste-sorting classes in school.
D Shenzhen has been doing rubbish sorting for seven years.
C
Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.
Be calm (冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved (卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.
Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.
.Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.
29. The underlined word “attack” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A. 拥抱 B. 攻击
C. 阻止 D. 吸引
30. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________?
A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight.
C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone.
31. The passage is written to ________.
A. help students keep away from fights B. warn students not to fight
C. advise students to help each other D. encourage students to work hard
32. The passage is written in a/an ________ tone (语气).
A. sad B. angry
C. serious D. crazy
D
Robots are increasingly being developed to think and act like humans. But it is difficult for engineers to create humor (幽默) in machines. Computer scientists have hoped to help them understand humor. But they failed again and again. Why is it so difficult?
Kiki, a computer language expert (专家), studies humor at a university. “Most robots are powered by artificial intelligence (人工智能AI). But AI will never understand jokes like humans do.” He said, “The main problem is that AI system doesn't have the sense of humor.”
Other experts agree that context (语境) is very important to understand humor, both for humans and robots. In one project, Tristan Miller, a computer scientist, studied more than 10, 000 puns. Puns are a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons (气球) do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music, or “pop” can be the sound a balloon makes when it explodes(爆炸). “A robot might not understand the joke because it doesn’t know the meaning of the puns.” Miller said.
Although it’s difficult, some scientists say there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It can make machines understand humans better and serve humans better. And it can also help them to think more like humans.
But other scientists don’t think it’s a good idea to teach humor to robots. They may find humor, but they may use it in a wrong way. Maybe bad Al will start killing people because it thinks it is funny. Besides, it may make some people feel not safe. The comedians(喜剧演员) may lose their jobs when the robots can understand humor.
33. Kiki is an expert who studies ________ at a university.
A. humans B. humor
C. AI system D. robots
34. What does the underlined word “pun” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. 语言 B. 笑话
C. 双关语 D. 同义词
35. From the passage, we know that ________.
A. AI system has the sense of humor
B. context is very important to understand humor only for humans
C. if robots understand humor, they can’t serve humans better
D. some scientist think it’s good to teach robots humor but others don’t
36. If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?
(①=Pana(自然段)1 ②=Para.2 ③=Para.3 ④=Para.4 ⑤=Para.5)
A. ①;②③④;⑤ B. ①;②③;④⑤
C. ①②;③④;⑤ D. ①②;③;④⑤
四、完成句子。
37. I am interested in writing. (改为否定句)
I ________ ________ interested in writing.
38. His grandparents live in Shanghai. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ his grandparents live?
39. I lent the book to Gina a few days ago. (改为同义句)
Gina ________ the book ________ me a few days ago.
40. 公园不远，我们可以步行去。（完成译句）
The park is not far, and we can go there ________ ________.
五、短文填空。
Coffee bars, live music, cinemas and shopping malls—Chinese cities offer everything that a young person might want. But there are many young people who hardly have time to enjoy these things. That’s because they follow what is called the “996” work schedule (时间表) ___41___ at 9 am and finishing at 9 pm, six days a week.
The “996” work schedule has recently become a hot topic of discussion online after a computer programmer set up a website called “996.ICU”. According to the website, working a “996” schedule ___42___ enough rest is unhealthy and could cause people to end up in an intensive care unit (ICU,重症监护病房). This work schedule is now widely used at Chinese tech companies like Baidu, Alibaba and Huawei, New York Times reported. It causes many tech industry workers to complain. One worker from Baidu company said, “I know I am not the ___43___ worker who works overtime I have worked ‘996’ for nine months and I haven’t received any overtime pay. It’s unfair though quite common.” Another worker named Zhang told Quartz, “I can’t sleep well and become ill because of the great pressure. I feel really tired, so I am considering giving up this job and looking for ___44___.”
However, the bosses of some tech companies have supported “996”. Jack Ma, founder of Alibaba, said it’s “a huge treasure” for young workers to work “996”. “If you don’t put more time and energy than others, how will you achieve the success you want? If you don’t work ‘996’ when you’re young, ___45___ will you?” he said.
Many have questioned Ma’s words. In a passage in People’s Daily, one writer said “Working ‘996’ is just working overtime. However, working overtime does not ___46___ working hard. Working hard requires efforts and working wisely and effectively.”
A lawyer called Cui Zhendong told China Daily that it is against the ___47___ to use a compulsory (强制的) “996” work schedule. China’s Labor Law clearly announces that workers should work no more than eight hours a day ___48___ more than forty-four hours a week.
答案解析
一、单项选择
1【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：《去吧鱿鱼》（Go Go Squid）是一个非常受欢迎的电视剧，很多人喜欢它。空格处修饰可数名词play要填冠词。根据句意这里是泛指“一个电视剧”，故填不定冠词。空格处后的very为辅音开头，所以用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。
2【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查反身代词。句意：当我们遇见问题的时候，我们应该试着自己解决。根据句意，这里要表达的是“我们自己解决”，应该用反身代词，此外by oneself为固定搭配，意为“一个人；单独”，故选D项。
3【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：冬季奥运会将于2022年2月20日在中国开始。本句中February 20th,是一个具体的时日，表示具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日，某节日，星期几等应该用介词on。故选B项。
【点睛】at, in , on, 和by 表示时间的区别：
at指时间表示：
1）时间的一点，一时刻：
2) 较短的一段时间。可指某个节日或认为一年中标志大事的日子。
in指时间表示：
1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪，朝代，年，月，季节，及泛指的上午，下午和晚上等）内。
2) 在一段时间之后。
on指时间表示：
1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日，某节日，星期几等。
2) 在某个特定的早晨，下午或晚上。
3) 准时，按时。
本句中February 20th,是一个具体的时日，应该用介词on。故选B项。
4【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：张琳在这个学校是一个受欢迎的老师，她的大部分学生都是她的粉丝。A. farmer农民；B. doctor医生；C. worker工人；D. teacher老师。根据句子中的school, her students可知张琳是个老师，故选D项。
5【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查词组辨析。句意：“一带一路”将会帮助中国以及其他国家建立市场。A. pick up 捡起；B. set up建立,搭建; C. put up举起,张贴;D. get up 起床。根据语境，这里要表达的是“建立市场”，故选B项。
6.【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意: 世界上老虎越来越少。 除非人类停止为了它们的毛皮和骨头而杀死它们，否则局势将继续下去。A. if如果；B. since自从；因为；C. unless除非；D. because因为。根据句意，这里要表达的是“除非人类停止为了它们的毛皮和骨头而杀死它们，否则局势将继续下去”，故选C项。
7【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：---我认为身体健康比什么都重要。---非常认同。据说没有良好的健康，其他所有东西都是零。A. more important更重要；B. less important不那么重要；C. most important最重要；D. least important最不重要。根据本句中的than可知这里要用比较级，排除C,D。根据后文I quite agree. It’s said that without good health, all the other things are ZERO.可知回答的人很同意说话者的说法，认为没有健康，其他所有东西都是零。也就是健康比其他东西重要。故选A项。
8.【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：-我昨天下午给你打了电话。 但是你没有接电话 -昨天下午？ 哦，我正在在奥林匹克运动中心游泳。根据时间状语yesterday afternoon可知这里要用过去时态，四个选项中只有C项是过去时态。此外根据句意，没接电话的人昨天下午那个时候“正在游泳”所以要用过去进行时。故选C项。
9【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际和交际用语。句意：一麦克，别那么吵。 太晚了。--对不起，我不会这样了 我现在就去睡觉。A. Not bad不错；B. You’d better not你最好不要；C. Yes, I will对的，我会的。D. Sorry, I won’t对不起，我不会这样了。根据Mike, don’t make so much noise. It’s too late.可知Mike打扰到别人了，根据Mike的回答可知Mike决定马上去睡觉不去打扰人，由此推之Mike是感到不好意思的，D项最符合语境，故选D项。
10【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：- 你可以告诉我吗 。 您如何在这么短的时间内解决问题？
-好。 我待会儿告诉你方法。根据后文OK. I’ll show you the way later.可知文化人是针对方法(way)提问的，应该用疑问词how(怎样)，故选D项。
二. 完形填空。
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。妈妈因为生病了，交代孩子们准备晚餐。虽然孩子们吵吵闹闹，还摔碎了一些东西，但最后他们自豪地将为妈妈准备的晚餐端给了妈妈。孩子们行为以及准备的晚餐让妈妈感觉很好。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析 。句意：为晚餐准备肉。A. tea茶；B. breakfast早餐；C. lunch午餐；D. dinner晚餐。根据第一段Right after lunch和第三段 “What about dinner?”可推知此处妈妈是在午餐之后，为晚餐准备肉。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们放学回家时，门砰地一声被打开。A. father父亲；B. cleaners清洁工；C. children孩子们；D. dog狗。由空格后的内容“Mom! Mom! Where are you?”可推知，此处指孩子们放学回来了，孩子们在找妈妈。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：我将会把所有的活儿都留给你们。A. you你；你们；B. me我；C. her她；D. him他。结合第四段“I’m sick. And I can’t do anything.可知妈妈生病了，所以这里妈妈对孩子们说：“我将会把所有的活儿都留给你们。”在妈妈与孩子们的对话中，you指代孩子们。故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。 句意：孩子们兴奋地跑开了。A. excitedly兴奋地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. quietly安静地；D. angrily生气地。根据孩子们的回答“Wonderful! （好极了！）" "No problem! "（没问题）可知孩子们是很激动地，故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：伴随着来自孩子们的阵阵笑声，这里似乎正在进行一场聚会，。A. in在……里；B. with 用；随着；支持；和…在一起C. from .出自；来自；从( ... 起)D. under在……之下。根据语境，这里要表达的是“来自孩子们的笑声”，故选C项。
【16题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在婴儿没有割伤他自己之前，赶紧把他带走。A. after在…..之后；B. before在…..之前；C. when当……时候；D. until直到….。根据前文There was a sudden crash.可知有东西摔碎了，结合语境，这里是要在婴儿碰到碎片弄伤自己之前把他带走，故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：他们把盘子掉到了地上A. made使得；进行；B. dropped（使）落下; 掉下；C. sold售卖；D. changed改变。根据前文Another crash came!可知又有破碎声，推知又有东西被打破了。B项drop意为“（使）落下; 掉下”，符合语境，故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩跑开了。（房里）有更多的吵闹声，直到最后孩子们出现（在妈妈房里），面带微笑。A. crying哭泣；B. smiling微笑；C. cooking烹饪； D. sleeping睡觉。结合下文中的“They were proud of what they brought.”可推知，孩子们对于自己拿来的东西很骄傲，他们是高兴的，故他们是面带笑容地出现。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，妈妈感觉非常好。A. tired疲惫的；B. afraid害怕的；C. weak虚弱的；D. great伟大的，极好的。根据后文“Everything ___10___so good,” Mom smiled. “Thank you, my kids. I feel better now.”可知妈妈对于孩子们为自己准备的晚餐很满意，推知这里她突然感觉很好，故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有东西尝起来都很好。A. tastes品尝；B. looks看，瞧；C. smells .嗅；闻；D. sounds听起来。根据前文 she ate her cold dinner.可知妈妈吃了孩子们准备的晚餐，所以这里妈妈是在说晚餐尝起来味道很好。故选A项。
【点睛】做完形时，要学会上下求索。文章的句与句之间、段与段之间紧密相连、浑然一体。因此，完形填空中经常会出现前面的信息为后面的空白提供暗示，而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情况。这时，考生切不可死盯空白不放，而要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案。比如第1小题，根据后文 “What about dinner?”可推知此处妈妈是在午餐之后，为晚餐准备肉。所以这里要选D项dinner。
三、阅读理解。
A篇【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。布朗先生是一位作家。 他写了许多书，他认为这些书还不错。有一天踏进了一个书店，他很高兴地发现商店里的所有书都是他写的。于是他问商店的人“其他作家的书在哪里？” 那人抬头看着他回答。“哦，他们都卖光了。”
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一句话 Mr. Brown was a writer.可知布郎先生是个作家，故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据One morning, he went to a small town near the city to visit a friend.可知布朗先生去小镇是为了拜访朋友，故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Where are other writer’s books?” he asked the man in the shop. The man looked up at him and answered. “Oh, they are all sold out.”可知布朗先生问商店的人“其他作家的书在哪里？”那人抬头看着他回答。“哦，他们都卖光了。”也就是说因为其他作者的书都卖光了，所以书店里只剩下布朗先生的书。故选D项。
【点睛】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。
当然有时候是原文照搬的题。例如第1小题，根据Mr. Brown was a _可知本题是对布朗先生的职业进行提问的，根据第一句话 Mr. Brown was a writer.可知布郎先生是个作家，所以选C项。第2小题也是这样，直接根据原文One morning, he went to a small town near the city to visit a friend.选C项。像这种原文照搬的题是送分题，考生一定要细心拿到这两分。
B篇【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C
这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国进行垃圾分类的情况。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Account owners get points by correctly sorting their rubbish. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards or other products. “绿色”帐户所有者可以通过正确分类垃圾来获得积分。通过支付宝应用程序，他们可以将积分兑换成牛奶，电话卡或其他产品。这说明“绿色账户”的创立是为了通过奖励鼓励人们进行垃圾分类。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的. Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine, batteries and bulbs.可知。塑料，玻璃，纸张和其他可重复使用的物品均为可回收垃圾。有害垃圾包括药品，电池和灯泡等。C项plastics塑料是可回收垃圾，不是有害垃圾，故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的. Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste.塑料，玻璃，纸张和其他可重复使用的物品均为可回收垃圾。根据常识，牛奶盒是纸质的，是可以回收利用的，故选B项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知这些垃圾填埋场会占用大量可用于种植的土地。丢弃的电子废物（例如电池或用过的手机）可能会造成污染。如果将其正确回收，则可以使用其他垃圾（例如笔的金属部分）来制造其他物品。所以最后一段主要是关于垃圾的坏处和垃圾分类的好处，解释了为什么要进行垃圾分类。故选A项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study.可知深圳的学生还收到了他们必须学习的垃圾分类指南。学生是要学习垃圾分类指南，不是必须要上垃圾分类课程，C项的内容与文章不符。故选C项。
C篇【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C
这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句子Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. 大的声音通常能使攻击者平静下来。attacker是名词＂攻击者＂的意思。去掉-er就是动词＂攻击＂。句子If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. 中的attack是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在你离开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说＂停＂。因此单词attack，是＂攻击＂的意思。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据空格处后文.Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no.可知你的朋友可能会要求你参加战斗，要学会说不。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.以及全文可知本文主要是介绍了一些可以在学校远离打架的方法，由此推断这篇文章的目的就是帮助学生远离打架。故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据Be calm(冷静). 、Shout loudly.和Learn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选C。
D篇【答案】33. B 34. C 35. D 36. B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。工程师很难让机器创造幽默。对于机器人是否应该被教授幽默，不同的科学家有不同的见解。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kiki, a computer language expert (专家), studies humor at a university.可知Kiki，是一个电脑语言专家，在大学研究幽默，故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据 Puns are a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons (气球) do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music, or “pop” can be the sound a balloon makes when it explodes(爆炸). puns是一种玩笑，它使用具有两个含义的单词。例如，你可以说“气球（balloons）不喜欢流行音乐（爆炸）”。“ pop”一词可以表示流行音乐，或者“ pop”可以是气球爆炸时发出的声音。 由puns的释义和文中所举的例子可以得出pun的意思是“双关语”，即用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义,言在此而意在彼。故选C项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的some scientists say there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots.可知有些科学家表示有充分的理由继续尝试向机器人教授幽默。根据第五段中的可知But other scientists don’t think it’s a good idea to teach humor to robots.但是其他科学家认为向机器人教授幽默不是一个好主意。综合可知有些科学家认为教机器人幽默是件好事，但另一些则不然。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。本题考查文章的篇章结构。本文第一段引出了话题，是总起段。根据第二三段首句Kiki, a computer language expert (专家), studies humor at a university.和Other experts agree that context (语境) is very important to understand humor, both for humans and robots可知这两段都是讲的科学家认为机器人理解幽默很重要，根据第四五段内容可知这两段讲的是与之前不同的观点，有些科学家认为向机器人教授幽默不是一个好主意，应该放在同一个部分。综合也就是第一段是总起段，二三段是一部分，四五段是另一部分，故选B项。
【点睛】篇章结构题主要考查学生把握文章的脉络、辨认文章总体行文结构及组织方式、判断组织结构功能的能力，如果文章是节选的，可能会要求考生推断文章前后未呈现的内容。
I. 三类篇章结构题的出题方式
1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：
lHow is the text organized?
lThe author develops the passage mainly by________.
lThe text is mainly developed in the order of________.
lWhich of the following shows the structure of the passage?
If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?
2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：
The author quoted …words in...paragraph in order to make the article________.
3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：
What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?
根据本文第4小题的题干就可知本文考的是结构识辨，要求考生能够识别文章的组织方式
四.完成句子。
【答案】37. (1). am (2). not
38. (1). Where (2). do
39. (1). borrowed (2). from
40. (1). on (2). foot
【解析】
【37题详解】
考查be动词的否定。句意：我对写作不感兴趣。否定句在有be或情态动词的情况下，直接在be动词或情态动词后加not。故答案为am not。
【38题详解】
考查特殊疑问句。句意：他的父母住哪儿？本句是对地点“in Shanghai”进行提问的，要用特殊疑问词where。主语his parents为复数所以助动词要用do，故答案为Where do。
【39题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：Gina几天前向我借了一本书。lend和borrow是一对反义词。短语lend sth. to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”，短语borrow sth. from sb.意为“向某人借某物”。所给提示句子意为：几天前，我把一本书借给了Gina。要完成的句子意为：Gina几天前向我借了一本书。故答案为 borrowed from.
【40题详解】
考查固定搭配。短语on foot意为“步行”。故答案为on foot。
【点睛】肯定句变否定句的方法：
1、原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和情态动词(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。
2、原句中没有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。
注意：肯定句变否定句时，除将谓语变为否定式外，句中其他词语也可能随之改变，而在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, guess时，如果要否定后面的宾语从句，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。比如： I think he is 13 years old. →I don't think he is 13 years old.
第1小题的am为be动词，所以变成否句句时直接在am后面加not。
五、短文填空。
41. starting/beginning
42. without
43. only 44. another
45. when 46. mean
47. law 48. or
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 “996”工作时间表以及相关人士的不同看法。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那是因为他们遵循所谓的“ 996”工作时间表：从每天上午9点开始，到晚上9点结束，一周六天。根据后文finishing at 9 pm, six days a week.可知996在晚上九点结束，由此可知996在上午九点开始，这里要填一个表示“开始”的动词词。动词start和begin都表示“开始”。分析可知start/begin在what从句中做非谓语，与逻辑主语the “996” work schedule (时间表) 之间是主动关系，故填starting/beginning。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：根据该网站，在没有足够休息的情况下按照“ 996”时间表工作是不健康的，并可能最终导致人们进入重症监护室。根据后面的unhealthy可知这里说的是“没有”足够休息的情况，介词without意为“没有”符合语境，故填without。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我知道我不是唯一一个加班的工人，我已经为“ 996”工作了9个月，而且我没有得到任何加班费。根据后文It’s unfair though quite common.”可知这种现象是很普通的，所以这个百度的员工要表达的是他不是唯一一个这样的，only意为“唯一的，仅有的”符合语境，故填only。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：我真的很累，所以我正在考虑放弃这份工作，寻找另一个。根据I am considering giving up this job可知说话的人正在考虑放弃这份工作，所以他要找“另一个”，故填another。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果你年轻时不 “ 996”，什么时候可以？根据when you are young可知这里是针对时间提问的，意思是“你什么时候可以”，故填when。
【46题详解】
考查动词。句意：但是，加班并不意味着努力工作。根据后文Working hard requires efforts and working wisely and effectively.可知努力工作需要努力，并且必须明智而有效地工作。所以这里要表达是加班和努力工作不是一回事，mean意为“意味着”符合句意。因为已经有了助动词does，这里要填动词原形。故填mean。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：一位名叫崔振东的律师告诉《中国日报》，使用强制性的“ 996”工作时间表是违法的。根据本句中的lawyer可推知这里说的是使用强制性的“ 996”工作时间表是违法的。the修饰空格处，空格处要填名词。law意为“法律”,符合句意，故填law。
【48题详解】
考查并列连词。句意; 中国的《劳动法》明确宣布，工人每天的工作时间不得超过八小时，或者每周的工作时间不得多于四十四小时。根据句意，这里要用并列连词or表示选择关系，故填or。
【点睛】在填空题中，如果确定要填的词为动词，要首先考虑动词是否是句子的谓语动词，如果是，那么请考虑谓语动词的适当形式(注意四类助动词do类、have类、will类和be类)分别构成不同的时态语态情态语气和主谓一致。如果不能做谓语动词，再考虑非谓语动词三种形式：to do，doing和done。如果不是非谓语也不是谓语，那么就要考虑变形了，一般的变形动词向名词变形居多。
比如第1小题，在确认要填动词start或begin之后，通过分析可知start/begin在what从句中做非谓语，谓语是is。Start/begin与逻辑主语the “996” work schedule (时间表) 之间是主动关系，故要用其现在分词形式，故填starting/beginning。
1. 【2018浙江卷】There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health.
2. 【2012 广东卷】For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 3 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
3. 【2019年全国Ⅰ】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied
1.higher考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示"更高的代价"，故需要用high的比较级higher。
2. pleased考查形容词。由felt可知，此处应填形容词pleased(高兴的)作表语。
3.poorly 考查副词的用法。此处修饰动词，用副词形式。be poorly studied学得不好，较差。
Unit 1 TEENAGE LIFE
1.2 Discovering Useful Structures
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词, 在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分。
一．名词短语: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。
（一）名词短语的组成
1.前置定语+名词
作前置定语的主要有：限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、单个的分词或动名词等。
注意：限定词包括：
冠词 （a / an / the )、指 示代词 （this、that、these、those等 ）、 物主代词 （my 、your、his、her、our、their 等 ）和不定 代词（some、
no 、neither、 both 等 ）
What is your sister’s favorite color?
你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？
The online shop sells children’s and men’s shoes at a very low price.
网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。
Our school has fifty-six women teachers.
我们学校有56个女教师。
Mom, please give me two tomatoes. I want to make vegetable salad.
妈妈，请给我两个西红柿，我想做蔬菜沙拉。
The sleeping child is his son.
正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子.
The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground. 落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。
He went to the swimming pool.他去游泳池了.
2.名词+
后置定语
作后置定语的主要有：介词短语、分词、不定式等。
Here are two nice photos of my family.
这儿有两张我家的好看的相片。
As we all know, Mountain Tai is the pride of Shandong. 众所周知，泰山是山东的骄傲。
If you don’t know the way to the science museum, here is a map of the city.
如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。
There are some boys playing basketball over there.
有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。
Do you know the man talking to Tom?
你认识正在和汤姆谈话的那个人吗？
The problem discussed yesterday has been solved.
昨天讨论的问题被解决了。
Nowadays some products made in China are both good and cheap. 现在很多中国制造的产品质量好且便宜。
The man to give us a talk next week is a scientist.下周要给我们作报告的人是个科学家。
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the prize in science. 屠呦呦是第一个获得科学奖的中国人。
（二）名词短语的功能
名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
1.作主语
The broken glass may cut into your hand if you touch it.
如果你触摸它，坏了的玻璃杯可能会划伤你的手。
----The best season to come to Yichang is spring. 到宜昌的最佳季节是春季。
----I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable
我也是这样看的。青山绿水令人难忘。
The houses built last year are for the teachers.
去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。
2.作宾语
I’d like tomato noodles for breakfast. 早餐我想要西红柿面条。
Jack’s mother can’t go to the parents’ meeting because she is too busy. 杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了。
Do you have this T-shirt in a small size? 你有小号的这款T恤吗？
3.作表语
Excuse me! Is this Lucy and Lily’s new house?
打扰一下，这是露西和莉莉的新房子吗？
He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。
This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie.
这就是做这种美味甜饼的方法。
4.作宾语补足语
We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。
More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of Chinese culture.
越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
二．形容词短语
（一） 形容词短语的组成
1.副词+形容词
注意：enough修饰形容词，放在所修饰的形容词之后。
The little boy is very clever. 这个小男孩很聪明。
My deskmate is really active. 我的同桌真的是很活泼。
I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。
She feels quite happy. 她感到很开心。
Tom is much more friendly and he has more friends.
汤姆（对人）更友好，他有更多的朋友。
This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。
This movie wasn’t interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。
You can’t be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。
2. 形容词+
介词短语
His face was white with anger. 他的脸气得发白。
The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
3. 形容词+
不定式短语
He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。
He is eager to see his parents. 他急切地想见到父母。
（二）形容词短语的功能
形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
1. 作定语
My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions.
我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。
Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。
2. 作表语
The sweater is too expensive，and I don’t have enough money to buy it. 那件毛衣太贵了，我没有足够的钱买。
Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.
罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。
He can't do anything, he's completely good for nothing!
他什么都干不了，一点也没用。
3. 作宾语
补足语
Helping others makes us very proud. 帮助别人使我们非常自豪。
I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。
4. 作状语
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。
Curious enough，Danny opened the box to see what was in it.
出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。
三．副词短语
（一） 副词短语的组成
副词+副词
注意：very ,quite, extremely等程度副词修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前；enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之后。
He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。
You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly?
你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？
You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂。
（二） 副词短语的功能
1.修饰动词
He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。
2. 修饰形容词
The instructions on the box are really very confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
3.修饰副词
The fire spread far too fast.
大火蔓延得太快了。
4.修饰句子
Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛的第一名。
总之，短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用。
一、单词拼写
1.Schools need __________（志愿者）to help children to read.
2.The two sides __________（辩论）whether to raise the price of school meals．
3.The China-US trade war has now become a hot __________（话题）.
4.Online gaming allows players from around the world to __________（挑战） each other.
5.Our company will offer more jobs to university __________（毕业生）this year.
6.British Airlines is putting on an __________（额外的）flight to London tomorrow.
7.It is important to explain this again or we will __________（使弄混）the students.
8. We are trying to find s__________ to global warming.
9 .Now she is planning our s________ for the trip.
10. This park in France uses the most a__________ technology.
二、单句语法填空
1.The (solve) of the problem has just come to me.
2.The ending of the film made him a little (confuse).
3.I think he was born to be an (edit) of a newspaper.
4.It seems that (read) English is easier than speaking it.
5.Is it worthwhile (bargain) two hours for two cents?
6. (obvious) he is interested in music as well as in painting.
7.It is no use (operate) on the sick man. He should have been sent here early.
8.For years, he has been studying roof greening, a method of (improve) the environment.
9.The new measures which have been taken show China’s sense of (responsible) as a major country.
10.Chinese doctors have brought (advance) medical technology and experience which could help not only patients but also doctors in Africa.
三、用方框内的短语完成下列句子
（一）
get used to, hand out, be responsible for, keep up with, make the team, on one’s own, be prepared for, sign up
1.He tells me that whatever may happen, he it.
2.The air is rather thin here, but you’ll it in time.
3.He never joins with us; he always plays .
4.You’ll never if you don’t turn up for training.
5.The club a new goalkeeper this season.
6.When at college, I often advertisements after school.
7.These volunteers collecting plastic bags on the beach.
8.China is determined to improve its laws to ensure they the changing times.
（二）
be focused on; from generation to generation; sign up; prefer… to; in advance; clean up; be suitable for; be responsible for; be attracted to; be addicted to
9. It is natural for people to__________ beautiful things.
10. These stories have been passed down__________.
11. Nowadays most kids__________ watching TV __________ reading.
12. The students took turns to __________ their classroom.
13. This programme__________ children.
14. Can I __________ for this course in advance?
15. It's cheaper if you book the tickets __________.
16. The school __________ your child's safety.
17. He__________ computer games.
18. Most of us __________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
一、单词拼写
1. volunteers 2. debated 3. topic 4. challenge 5. graduates
6. extra 7. confuse 8 solutions 9. schedule 10. advanced
二、单句语法填空
1.solution
2.confused
3.editor
4.reading
5.bargaining或to bargain
6.Obviously
7.operating
8.improving
9.responsibility
10.advanced
三、用方框内的短语完成下列句子
1.is prepared for
2.get used to
3.on his own
4.make the team
5.signed up
6.handed out
7.are responsible for
8.keep up with
9.be attracted to
10.from generation to generation
11. prefer；to
12. clean up
13. is suitable for
14. sign up
15. in advance
16. is responsible for
17.is addicted to
18.are more focused on
一、单项选择。
1.Go Go Squid is ________ very popular TV play and many people enjoy it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2.When we meet problems, we should try to solve them by ________.
A. we B. us C. ours D. ourselves
3.The Olympic Winter Games will start in China ________ February 20th, 2022.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
4.Zhang Lin is a popular ________ in this school and most of her students are her fans.
A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher
5.“The Belt and Road” will help to ________ markets for China as well as other countries along.
A. pick up B. set up C. put up D. get up
6.There are fewer and fewer tigers in the world. The situation will continue ________ humans stop killing them for fur and bones.
A. if B. since C. unless D. because
7.— I think good health is ________ than any other thing.
—I quite agree. It’s said that without good health, all the other things are ZERO.
A. more important B. less important
C. most important D. least important
8.— I called you yesterday afternoon. But you didn’t answer me.
—Yesterday afternoon? Oh, I ________ in Olympic Sports Center.
A. am swimming B. swim C. was swimming D. will swim
9.一 Mike, don’t make so much noise. It’s too late.
一________. I’ll go to bed right now.
A. Not bad B. You’d better not C. Yes, I will D. Sorry, I won’t
10.— Could you tell me ________?
—OK. I’ll show you the way later.
A. when did you work out the problem in such a short time
B. where you worked out the problem in such a short time
C. which did you work out the problem in such a short time
D. how you worked out the problem in such a short time
二、完形填空。
Right after lunch, Mother found she had got a cold. She did need a rest in bed. But first she had a few things to do. Prepare the meat for ___11___. Leave a note for the cleaners…
At last, she fell into bed, soon asleep…
Then the door banged(砰地一声) open as the ___12___ came home from school. “Mom! Mom! Where are you?” “Didn’t you even get up yet?” “What about dinner?”
“I’m sick. And I can’t do anything. I’ll have to leave all to ___13___ . Cook the potatoes. Take care of the baby. Put plates, spoons and forks on the table.”
“Wonderful!” “No problem!” The children ran off ___14___. Mother was left in her quiet room. She felt terrible! But everyone else seemed great. In fact, there seemed to be a party going on with loud laughs ___15___ the children.
There was a sudden crash (破碎声). Then a voice shouted, “Get the baby out of the way —___16___ he cuts himself. Don’t break Mom’s rest!”
Another crash came! The younger girl rushed in with news. “They ___17___ your plate and the dog ate all your dinner.”
The girl ran off. There was more noise until, finally, the children appear, ___18___. They were proud of what they brought. There is a glass of water, three beans, a cold boiled potato and a small piece of burned meat.
Suddenly, Mother felt ___19___ . As the children watched carefully, she ate her cold dinner. “Everything ___20___so good,” Mom smiled. “Thank you, my kids. I feel better now.”
11. A. tea B. breakfast C. lunch D. dinner
12. A. father B. cleaners C. children D. dog
13. A. you B. me C. her D. him
14. A. excitedly B. sadly C. quietly D. angrily
15. A. in B. with C. from D. under
16. A. after B. before C. when D. until
17. A. made B. dropped C. sold D. changed
18. A. crying B. smiling C. cooking D. sleeping
19. A. tired B. afraid C. weak D. great
20. A. tastes B. looks C. smells D. sounds
三、阅读理解。
阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
A
Mr. Brown was a writer. He wrote many books, and he thought they were quite good. He lived in the city. One morning, he went to a small town near the city to visit a friend. He went there by bus. When he got to the town, he saw a bookshop not far from the bus stop. As it was early, he decided to go in and have a look. There were many books in the shop. He was very happy that all the books in the shop were written by him. “Where are other writer’s books?” he asked the man in the shop. The man looked up at him and answered. “Oh, they are all sold out.”
21. Mr. Brown was a ______.
A. teacher B. doctor
C. writer D. farmer
22. Mr. Brown went to the town to ________.
A. visit his friend B. sell his books
C. have a holiday D. buy a present
23. All the books in the shop were written by Mr. Brown because ________.
A. the man in the shop only liked his books
B. the man in the shop was Mr. Brown’s friend
C. his books were better than the other writer’s
D. the other’s book were all sold out
B
When your pen is broken, the batteries (电池) in your toys run out, or you have some leftover food, what will you do with these things? You will probably throw them all into one bin. But actually, all of these pieces of rubbish need to be sorted (分类) separately.
Rubbish sorting is a big problem worldwide. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on it. Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a “green account (账户)” service. Account owners get points by correctly sorting their rubbish. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards or other products. The city is asking all people living there to sort their rubbish into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.
Wet waste is something you don’t want but that pigs can eat. Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine, batteries and bulbs. Finally, any waste that’s not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the “dry waste” bin.
Many other Chinese cities are also sorting their rubbish in this way. For example, Shenzhen has been doing this since 2012. Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study.
In fact, there are still many workers specially working for sorting rubbish by hand in China. There is still a long way to go. But it’s never too late for every Chinese to learn how to sort rubbish properly and protect the environment.
If you don’t sort your rubbish, all of it will go to a landfill (垃圾填埋场) and be buried together.
These landfills can take up much ground that could be used for planting. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries or used mobile phones, can cause pollution. Other pieces of rubbish, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.
24. Shanghai creates the “green account” service in order to ________.
A. work with the Alipay app B. punish those who don’t sort rubbish
C. exchange useful products D. encourage people to sort their rubbish
25. Things below are harmful waste EXCEPT ________.
A. medicine. B. batteries
C. plastics D. bulbs
26. After drinking up the milk, you can put the milk box into a “________ waste” bin.
A. wet B. recyclable
C. harmful D. dry
27. The last paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. why we should sort rubbish properly B. where our rubbish can be dealt with
C. how some waste can be recycled D. what waste can cause pollution
28. Which is NOT TRUE about rubbish sorting in China according to this passage?
A. There is still a long way to go in rubbish sorting.
B. There are many workers sorting rubbish by hand.
C. Students have to take waste-sorting classes in school.
D Shenzhen has been doing rubbish sorting for seven years.
C
Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.
Be calm (冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved (卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.
Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.
.Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.
29. The underlined word “attack” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A. 拥抱 B. 攻击
C. 阻止 D. 吸引
30. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________?
A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight.
C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone.
31. The passage is written to ________.
A. help students keep away from fights B. warn students not to fight
C. advise students to help each other D. encourage students to work hard
32. The passage is written in a/an ________ tone (语气).
A. sad B. angry
C. serious D. crazy
D
Robots are increasingly being developed to think and act like humans. But it is difficult for engineers to create humor (幽默) in machines. Computer scientists have hoped to help them understand humor. But they failed again and again. Why is it so difficult?
Kiki, a computer language expert (专家), studies humor at a university. “Most robots are powered by artificial intelligence (人工智能AI). But AI will never understand jokes like humans do.” He said, “The main problem is that AI system doesn't have the sense of humor.”
Other experts agree that context (语境) is very important to understand humor, both for humans and robots. In one project, Tristan Miller, a computer scientist, studied more than 10, 000 puns. Puns are a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons (气球) do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music, or “pop” can be the sound a balloon makes when it explodes(爆炸). “A robot might not understand the joke because it doesn’t know the meaning of the puns.” Miller said.
Although it’s difficult, some scientists say there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It can make machines understand humans better and serve humans better. And it can also help them to think more like humans.
But other scientists don’t think it’s a good idea to teach humor to robots. They may find humor, but they may use it in a wrong way. Maybe bad Al will start killing people because it thinks it is funny. Besides, it may make some people feel not safe. The comedians(喜剧演员) may lose their jobs when the robots can understand humor.
33. Kiki is an expert who studies ________ at a university.
A. humans B. humor
C. AI system D. robots
34. What does the underlined word “pun” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. 语言 B. 笑话
C. 双关语 D. 同义词
35. From the passage, we know that ________.
A. AI system has the sense of humor
B. context is very important to understand humor only for humans
C. if robots understand humor, they can’t serve humans better
D. some scientist think it’s good to teach robots humor but others don’t
36. If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?
(①=Pana(自然段)1 ②=Para.2 ③=Para.3 ④=Para.4 ⑤=Para.5)
A. ①;②③④;⑤ B. ①;②③;④⑤
C. ①②;③④;⑤ D. ①②;③;④⑤
四、完成句子。
37. I am interested in writing. (改为否定句)
I ________ ________ interested in writing.
38. His grandparents live in Shanghai. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ his grandparents live?
39. I lent the book to Gina a few days ago. (改为同义句)
Gina ________ the book ________ me a few days ago.
40. 公园不远，我们可以步行去。（完成译句）
The park is not far, and we can go there ________ ________.
五、短文填空。
Coffee bars, live music, cinemas and shopping malls—Chinese cities offer everything that a young person might want. But there are many young people who hardly have time to enjoy these things. That’s because they follow what is called the “996” work schedule (时间表) ___41___ at 9 am and finishing at 9 pm, six days a week.
The “996” work schedule has recently become a hot topic of discussion online after a computer programmer set up a website called “996.ICU”. According to the website, working a “996” schedule ___42___ enough rest is unhealthy and could cause people to end up in an intensive care unit (ICU,重症监护病房). This work schedule is now widely used at Chinese tech companies like Baidu, Alibaba and Huawei, New York Times reported. It causes many tech industry workers to complain. One worker from Baidu company said, “I know I am not the ___43___ worker who works overtime I have worked ‘996’ for nine months and I haven’t received any overtime pay. It’s unfair though quite common.” Another worker named Zhang told Quartz, “I can’t sleep well and become ill because of the great pressure. I feel really tired, so I am considering giving up this job and looking for ___44___.”
However, the bosses of some tech companies have supported “996”. Jack Ma, founder of Alibaba, said it’s “a huge treasure” for young workers to work “996”. “If you don’t put more time and energy than others, how will you achieve the success you want? If you don’t work ‘996’ when you’re young, ___45___ will you?” he said.
Many have questioned Ma’s words. In a passage in People’s Daily, one writer said “Working ‘996’ is just working overtime. However, working overtime does not ___46___ working hard. Working hard requires efforts and working wisely and effectively.”
A lawyer called Cui Zhendong told China Daily that it is against the ___47___ to use a compulsory (强制的) “996” work schedule. China’s Labor Law clearly announces that workers should work no more than eight hours a day ___48___ more than forty-four hours a week.
答案解析
一、单项选择
1【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：《去吧鱿鱼》（Go Go Squid）是一个非常受欢迎的电视剧，很多人喜欢它。空格处修饰可数名词play要填冠词。根据句意这里是泛指“一个电视剧”，故填不定冠词。空格处后的very为辅音开头，所以用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。
2【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查反身代词。句意：当我们遇见问题的时候，我们应该试着自己解决。根据句意，这里要表达的是“我们自己解决”，应该用反身代词，此外by oneself为固定搭配，意为“一个人；单独”，故选D项。
3【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：冬季奥运会将于2022年2月20日在中国开始。本句中February 20th,是一个具体的时日，表示具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日，某节日，星期几等应该用介词on。故选B项。
【点睛】at, in , on, 和by 表示时间的区别：
at指时间表示：
1）时间的一点，一时刻：
2) 较短的一段时间。可指某个节日或认为一年中标志大事的日子。
in指时间表示：
1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪，朝代，年，月，季节，及泛指的上午，下午和晚上等）内。
2) 在一段时间之后。
on指时间表示：
1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日，某节日，星期几等。
2) 在某个特定的早晨，下午或晚上。
3) 准时，按时。
本句中February 20th,是一个具体的时日，应该用介词on。故选B项。
4【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：张琳在这个学校是一个受欢迎的老师，她的大部分学生都是她的粉丝。A. farmer农民；B. doctor医生；C. worker工人；D. teacher老师。根据句子中的school, her students可知张琳是个老师，故选D项。
5【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查词组辨析。句意：“一带一路”将会帮助中国以及其他国家建立市场。A. pick up 捡起；B. set up建立,搭建; C. put up举起,张贴;D. get up 起床。根据语境，这里要表达的是“建立市场”，故选B项。
6.【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意: 世界上老虎越来越少。 除非人类停止为了它们的毛皮和骨头而杀死它们，否则局势将继续下去。A. if如果；B. since自从；因为；C. unless除非；D. because因为。根据句意，这里要表达的是“除非人类停止为了它们的毛皮和骨头而杀死它们，否则局势将继续下去”，故选C项。
7【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：---我认为身体健康比什么都重要。---非常认同。据说没有良好的健康，其他所有东西都是零。A. more important更重要；B. less important不那么重要；C. most important最重要；D. least important最不重要。根据本句中的than可知这里要用比较级，排除C,D。根据后文I quite agree. It’s said that without good health, all the other things are ZERO.可知回答的人很同意说话者的说法，认为没有健康，其他所有东西都是零。也就是健康比其他东西重要。故选A项。
8.【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：-我昨天下午给你打了电话。 但是你没有接电话 -昨天下午？ 哦，我正在在奥林匹克运动中心游泳。根据时间状语yesterday afternoon可知这里要用过去时态，四个选项中只有C项是过去时态。此外根据句意，没接电话的人昨天下午那个时候“正在游泳”所以要用过去进行时。故选C项。
9【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际和交际用语。句意：一麦克，别那么吵。 太晚了。--对不起，我不会这样了 我现在就去睡觉。A. Not bad不错；B. You’d better not你最好不要；C. Yes, I will对的，我会的。D. Sorry, I won’t对不起，我不会这样了。根据Mike, don’t make so much noise. It’s too late.可知Mike打扰到别人了，根据Mike的回答可知Mike决定马上去睡觉不去打扰人，由此推之Mike是感到不好意思的，D项最符合语境，故选D项。
10【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：- 你可以告诉我吗 。 您如何在这么短的时间内解决问题？
-好。 我待会儿告诉你方法。根据后文OK. I’ll show you the way later.可知文化人是针对方法(way)提问的，应该用疑问词how(怎样)，故选D项。
二. 完形填空。
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。妈妈因为生病了，交代孩子们准备晚餐。虽然孩子们吵吵闹闹，还摔碎了一些东西，但最后他们自豪地将为妈妈准备的晚餐端给了妈妈。孩子们行为以及准备的晚餐让妈妈感觉很好。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析 。句意：为晚餐准备肉。A. tea茶；B. breakfast早餐；C. lunch午餐；D. dinner晚餐。根据第一段Right after lunch和第三段 “What about dinner?”可推知此处妈妈是在午餐之后，为晚餐准备肉。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们放学回家时，门砰地一声被打开。A. father父亲；B. cleaners清洁工；C. children孩子们；D. dog狗。由空格后的内容“Mom! Mom! Where are you?”可推知，此处指孩子们放学回来了，孩子们在找妈妈。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：我将会把所有的活儿都留给你们。A. you你；你们；B. me我；C. her她；D. him他。结合第四段“I’m sick. And I can’t do anything.可知妈妈生病了，所以这里妈妈对孩子们说：“我将会把所有的活儿都留给你们。”在妈妈与孩子们的对话中，you指代孩子们。故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。 句意：孩子们兴奋地跑开了。A. excitedly兴奋地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. quietly安静地；D. angrily生气地。根据孩子们的回答“Wonderful! （好极了！）" "No problem! "（没问题）可知孩子们是很激动地，故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：伴随着来自孩子们的阵阵笑声，这里似乎正在进行一场聚会，。A. in在……里；B. with 用；随着；支持；和…在一起C. from .出自；来自；从( ... 起)D. under在……之下。根据语境，这里要表达的是“来自孩子们的笑声”，故选C项。
【16题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在婴儿没有割伤他自己之前，赶紧把他带走。A. after在…..之后；B. before在…..之前；C. when当……时候；D. until直到….。根据前文There was a sudden crash.可知有东西摔碎了，结合语境，这里是要在婴儿碰到碎片弄伤自己之前把他带走，故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意：他们把盘子掉到了地上A. made使得；进行；B. dropped（使）落下; 掉下；C. sold售卖；D. changed改变。根据前文Another crash came!可知又有破碎声，推知又有东西被打破了。B项drop意为“（使）落下; 掉下”，符合语境，故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩跑开了。（房里）有更多的吵闹声，直到最后孩子们出现（在妈妈房里），面带微笑。A. crying哭泣；B. smiling微笑；C. cooking烹饪； D. sleeping睡觉。结合下文中的“They were proud of what they brought.”可推知，孩子们对于自己拿来的东西很骄傲，他们是高兴的，故他们是面带笑容地出现。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，妈妈感觉非常好。A. tired疲惫的；B. afraid害怕的；C. weak虚弱的；D. great伟大的，极好的。根据后文“Everything ___10___so good,” Mom smiled. “Thank you, my kids. I feel better now.”可知妈妈对于孩子们为自己准备的晚餐很满意，推知这里她突然感觉很好，故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有东西尝起来都很好。A. tastes品尝；B. looks看，瞧；C. smells .嗅；闻；D. sounds听起来。根据前文 she ate her cold dinner.可知妈妈吃了孩子们准备的晚餐，所以这里妈妈是在说晚餐尝起来味道很好。故选A项。
【点睛】做完形时，要学会上下求索。文章的句与句之间、段与段之间紧密相连、浑然一体。因此，完形填空中经常会出现前面的信息为后面的空白提供暗示，而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情况。这时，考生切不可死盯空白不放，而要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案。比如第1小题，根据后文 “What about dinner?”可推知此处妈妈是在午餐之后，为晚餐准备肉。所以这里要选D项dinner。
三、阅读理解。
A篇【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。布朗先生是一位作家。 他写了许多书，他认为这些书还不错。有一天踏进了一个书店，他很高兴地发现商店里的所有书都是他写的。于是他问商店的人“其他作家的书在哪里？” 那人抬头看着他回答。“哦，他们都卖光了。”
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一句话 Mr. Brown was a writer.可知布郎先生是个作家，故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据One morning, he went to a small town near the city to visit a friend.可知布朗先生去小镇是为了拜访朋友，故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Where are other writer’s books?” he asked the man in the shop. The man looked up at him and answered. “Oh, they are all sold out.”可知布朗先生问商店的人“其他作家的书在哪里？”那人抬头看着他回答。“哦，他们都卖光了。”也就是说因为其他作者的书都卖光了，所以书店里只剩下布朗先生的书。故选D项。
【点睛】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。
当然有时候是原文照搬的题。例如第1小题，根据Mr. Brown was a _可知本题是对布朗先生的职业进行提问的，根据第一句话 Mr. Brown was a writer.可知布郎先生是个作家，所以选C项。第2小题也是这样，直接根据原文One morning, he went to a small town near the city to visit a friend.选C项。像这种原文照搬的题是送分题，考生一定要细心拿到这两分。
B篇【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C
这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国进行垃圾分类的情况。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Account owners get points by correctly sorting their rubbish. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards or other products. “绿色”帐户所有者可以通过正确分类垃圾来获得积分。通过支付宝应用程序，他们可以将积分兑换成牛奶，电话卡或其他产品。这说明“绿色账户”的创立是为了通过奖励鼓励人们进行垃圾分类。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的. Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine, batteries and bulbs.可知。塑料，玻璃，纸张和其他可重复使用的物品均为可回收垃圾。有害垃圾包括药品，电池和灯泡等。C项plastics塑料是可回收垃圾，不是有害垃圾，故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的. Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste.塑料，玻璃，纸张和其他可重复使用的物品均为可回收垃圾。根据常识，牛奶盒是纸质的，是可以回收利用的，故选B项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知这些垃圾填埋场会占用大量可用于种植的土地。丢弃的电子废物（例如电池或用过的手机）可能会造成污染。如果将其正确回收，则可以使用其他垃圾（例如笔的金属部分）来制造其他物品。所以最后一段主要是关于垃圾的坏处和垃圾分类的好处，解释了为什么要进行垃圾分类。故选A项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study.可知深圳的学生还收到了他们必须学习的垃圾分类指南。学生是要学习垃圾分类指南，不是必须要上垃圾分类课程，C项的内容与文章不符。故选C项。
C篇【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C
这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句子Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. 大的声音通常能使攻击者平静下来。attacker是名词＂攻击者＂的意思。去掉-er就是动词＂攻击＂。句子If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. 中的attack是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在你离开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说＂停＂。因此单词attack，是＂攻击＂的意思。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据空格处后文.Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no.可知你的朋友可能会要求你参加战斗，要学会说不。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.以及全文可知本文主要是介绍了一些可以在学校远离打架的方法，由此推断这篇文章的目的就是帮助学生远离打架。故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据Be calm(冷静). 、Shout loudly.和Learn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选C。
D篇【答案】33. B 34. C 35. D 36. B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。工程师很难让机器创造幽默。对于机器人是否应该被教授幽默，不同的科学家有不同的见解。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kiki, a computer language expert (专家), studies humor at a university.可知Kiki，是一个电脑语言专家，在大学研究幽默，故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据 Puns are a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons (气球) do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music, or “pop” can be the sound a balloon makes when it explodes(爆炸). puns是一种玩笑，它使用具有两个含义的单词。例如，你可以说“气球（balloons）不喜欢流行音乐（爆炸）”。“ pop”一词可以表示流行音乐，或者“ pop”可以是气球爆炸时发出的声音。 由puns的释义和文中所举的例子可以得出pun的意思是“双关语”，即用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义,言在此而意在彼。故选C项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的some scientists say there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots.可知有些科学家表示有充分的理由继续尝试向机器人教授幽默。根据第五段中的可知But other scientists don’t think it’s a good idea to teach humor to robots.但是其他科学家认为向机器人教授幽默不是一个好主意。综合可知有些科学家认为教机器人幽默是件好事，但另一些则不然。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。本题考查文章的篇章结构。本文第一段引出了话题，是总起段。根据第二三段首句Kiki, a computer language expert (专家), studies humor at a university.和Other experts agree that context (语境) is very important to understand humor, both for humans and robots可知这两段都是讲的科学家认为机器人理解幽默很重要，根据第四五段内容可知这两段讲的是与之前不同的观点，有些科学家认为向机器人教授幽默不是一个好主意，应该放在同一个部分。综合也就是第一段是总起段，二三段是一部分，四五段是另一部分，故选B项。
【点睛】篇章结构题主要考查学生把握文章的脉络、辨认文章总体行文结构及组织方式、判断组织结构功能的能力，如果文章是节选的，可能会要求考生推断文章前后未呈现的内容。
I. 三类篇章结构题的出题方式
1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：
lHow is the text organized?
lThe author develops the passage mainly by________.
lThe text is mainly developed in the order of________.
lWhich of the following shows the structure of the passage?
If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?
2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：
The author quoted …words in...paragraph in order to make the article________.
3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：
What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?
根据本文第4小题的题干就可知本文考的是结构识辨，要求考生能够识别文章的组织方式
四.完成句子。
【答案】37. (1). am (2). not
38. (1). Where (2). do
39. (1). borrowed (2). from
40. (1). on (2). foot
【解析】
【37题详解】
考查be动词的否定。句意：我对写作不感兴趣。否定句在有be或情态动词的情况下，直接在be动词或情态动词后加not。故答案为am not。
【38题详解】
考查特殊疑问句。句意：他的父母住哪儿？本句是对地点“in Shanghai”进行提问的，要用特殊疑问词where。主语his parents为复数所以助动词要用do，故答案为Where do。
【39题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：Gina几天前向我借了一本书。lend和borrow是一对反义词。短语lend sth. to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”，短语borrow sth. from sb.意为“向某人借某物”。所给提示句子意为：几天前，我把一本书借给了Gina。要完成的句子意为：Gina几天前向我借了一本书。故答案为 borrowed from.
【40题详解】
考查固定搭配。短语on foot意为“步行”。故答案为on foot。
【点睛】肯定句变否定句的方法：
1、原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和情态动词(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。
2、原句中没有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。
注意：肯定句变否定句时，除将谓语变为否定式外，句中其他词语也可能随之改变，而在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, guess时，如果要否定后面的宾语从句，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。比如： I think he is 13 years old. →I don't think he is 13 years old.
第1小题的am为be动词，所以变成否句句时直接在am后面加not。
五、短文填空。
41. starting/beginning
42. without
43. only 44. another
45. when 46. mean
47. law 48. or
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 “996”工作时间表以及相关人士的不同看法。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那是因为他们遵循所谓的“ 996”工作时间表：从每天上午9点开始，到晚上9点结束，一周六天。根据后文finishing at 9 pm, six days a week.可知996在晚上九点结束，由此可知996在上午九点开始，这里要填一个表示“开始”的动词词。动词start和begin都表示“开始”。分析可知start/begin在what从句中做非谓语，与逻辑主语the “996” work schedule (时间表) 之间是主动关系，故填starting/beginning。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：根据该网站，在没有足够休息的情况下按照“ 996”时间表工作是不健康的，并可能最终导致人们进入重症监护室。根据后面的unhealthy可知这里说的是“没有”足够休息的情况，介词without意为“没有”符合语境，故填without。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我知道我不是唯一一个加班的工人，我已经为“ 996”工作了9个月，而且我没有得到任何加班费。根据后文It’s unfair though quite common.”可知这种现象是很普通的，所以这个百度的员工要表达的是他不是唯一一个这样的，only意为“唯一的，仅有的”符合语境，故填only。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：我真的很累，所以我正在考虑放弃这份工作，寻找另一个。根据I am considering giving up this job可知说话的人正在考虑放弃这份工作，所以他要找“另一个”，故填another。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果你年轻时不 “ 996”，什么时候可以？根据when you are young可知这里是针对时间提问的，意思是“你什么时候可以”，故填when。
【46题详解】
考查动词。句意：但是，加班并不意味着努力工作。根据后文Working hard requires efforts and working wisely and effectively.可知努力工作需要努力，并且必须明智而有效地工作。所以这里要表达是加班和努力工作不是一回事，mean意为“意味着”符合句意。因为已经有了助动词does，这里要填动词原形。故填mean。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：一位名叫崔振东的律师告诉《中国日报》，使用强制性的“ 996”工作时间表是违法的。根据本句中的lawyer可推知这里说的是使用强制性的“ 996”工作时间表是违法的。the修饰空格处，空格处要填名词。law意为“法律”,符合句意，故填law。
【48题详解】
考查并列连词。句意; 中国的《劳动法》明确宣布，工人每天的工作时间不得超过八小时，或者每周的工作时间不得多于四十四小时。根据句意，这里要用并列连词or表示选择关系，故填or。
【点睛】在填空题中，如果确定要填的词为动词，要首先考虑动词是否是句子的谓语动词，如果是，那么请考虑谓语动词的适当形式(注意四类助动词do类、have类、will类和be类)分别构成不同的时态语态情态语气和主谓一致。如果不能做谓语动词，再考虑非谓语动词三种形式：to do，doing和done。如果不是非谓语也不是谓语，那么就要考虑变形了，一般的变形动词向名词变形居多。
比如第1小题，在确认要填动词start或begin之后，通过分析可知start/begin在what从句中做非谓语，谓语是is。Start/begin与逻辑主语the “996” work schedule (时间表) 之间是主动关系，故要用其现在分词形式，故填starting/beginning。
1. 【2018浙江卷】There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health.
2. 【2012 广东卷】For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 3 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
3. 【2019年全国Ⅰ】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied
1.higher考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示"更高的代价"，故需要用high的比较级higher。
2. pleased考查形容词。由felt可知，此处应填形容词pleased(高兴的)作表语。
3.poorly 考查副词的用法。此处修饰动词，用副词形式。be poorly studied学得不好，较差。
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