2019版高考化学一轮优化探究练习：章末排查练（三） (含解析)
展开章末排查练(三)
授课提示：对应学生用书第75页
排查50个重要反应的化学、离子方程式
1．钠及其重要化合物
①Na和H2O的反应
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②Na和CH3COOH的反应
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③Na2O2和H2O的反应
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④NaH和水的反应
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⑤向NaOH溶液中通入过量CO2
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⑥将Na2CO3溶液与石灰乳混合
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⑦向Na2CO3溶液中通入过量CO2
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⑧将Na2CO3和Ca(HCO3)2混合
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⑨将含等物质的量NaHCO3溶液和NaOH溶液混合
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⑩将含等物质的量NaHCO3溶液与澄清石灰水混合
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⑪将NaHCO3溶液与少量澄清石灰水混合
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⑫向饱和Na2CO3溶液中通入过量CO2气体
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答案：①2Na＋2H2O===2Na＋＋2OH－＋H2↑
②2Na＋2CH3COOH===2CH3COO－＋2Na＋＋H2↑
③2Na2O2＋2H2O===4Na＋＋4OH－＋O2↑
④NaH＋H2O===Na＋＋OH－＋H2↑
⑤OH－＋CO2===HCO
⑥CO＋Ca(OH)2===CaCO3↓＋2OH－
⑦CO＋CO2＋H2O===2HCO
⑧CO＋Ca2＋===CaCO3↓
⑨HCO＋OH－===CO＋H2O
⑩HCO＋Ca2＋＋OH－===CaCO3↓＋H2O
⑪2HCO＋Ca2＋＋2OH－===CaCO3↓＋CO＋2H2O
⑫2Na＋＋CO＋CO2＋H2O===2NaHCO3↓
2．铝及其重要化合物
⑬Al和NaOH溶液的反应
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⑭Al(OH)3和NaOH溶液的反应
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⑮Al(OH)3和盐酸的反应
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⑯Al2O3和NaOH的反应
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⑰Al2O3和盐酸的反应
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⑱NaAlO2和过量盐酸的反应
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⑲向NaAlO2溶液中通入过量CO2气体
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⑳将NaAlO2与NaHCO3混合
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将NaAlO2与AlCl3溶液混合
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向AlCl3溶液中加入过量NaOH溶液
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向AlCl3溶液中加入过量氨水
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将AlCl3溶液与NaHCO3溶液混合
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答案：⑬2Al＋2OH－＋2H2O===2AlO＋3H2↑
⑭Al(OH)3＋OH－===AlO＋2H2O ⑮Al(OH)3＋3H＋===Al3＋＋3H2O ⑯Al2O3＋2OH－===2AlO＋H2O ⑰Al2O3＋6H＋===2Al3＋＋3H2O ⑱AlO＋4H＋===Al3＋＋2H2O ⑲AlO＋CO2＋2H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋HCO ⑳AlO＋HCO＋H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋CO 3AlO＋Al3＋＋6H2O===4Al(OH)3↓ Al3＋＋4OH－===AlO＋2H2O Al3＋＋3NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋3NH Al3＋＋3HCO===Al(OH)3↓＋3CO2↑
3．铁及其重要化合物
Fe和过量稀HNO3的反应
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Fe高温下和水蒸气的反应
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Fe2O3和Al的反应
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Fe2O3高温下和CO的反应
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FeCl3溶液和Cu的反应
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FeCl3与KSCN的反应
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向FeCl2溶液中加入等物质的量的Na2O2
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向FeCl2溶液中加入NaClO
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Fe(OH)2长时间置于空气中
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Fe3O4和稀盐酸的反应
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Fe3O4和稀HNO3的反应
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FeO和稀盐酸的反应
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FeO和稀HNO3的反应
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Fe(OH)2和稀盐酸的反应
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Fe(OH)2和稀HNO3的反应
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Fe(OH)3和HI的反应
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FeBr2和少量Cl2的反应
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FeBr2和Cl2等物质的量的反应
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FeBr2和过量Cl2的反应
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答案：Fe＋4H＋＋NO===Fe3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O 3Fe＋4H2O(g)Fe3O4＋4H2 Fe2O3＋2Al2Fe＋Al2O3 Fe2O3＋3CO2Fe＋3CO2 2Fe3＋＋Cu===2Fe2＋＋Cu2＋ Fe3＋＋3SCN－Fe(SCN)3 4Fe2＋＋4Na2O2＋6H2O===4Fe(OH)3↓＋8Na＋＋O2↑ 2Fe2＋＋ClO－＋4OH－＋H2O===2Fe(OH)3↓＋Cl－ 4Fe(OH)2＋O2＋2H2O===4Fe(OH)3 Fe3O4＋8H＋===2Fe3＋＋Fe2＋＋4H2O 3Fe3O4＋28H＋＋NO===9Fe3＋＋NO↑＋14H2O FeO＋2H＋===Fe2＋＋H2O 3FeO＋10H＋＋NO===3Fe3＋＋NO↑＋5H2O Fe(OH)2＋2H＋===Fe2＋＋2H2O 3Fe(OH)2＋10H＋＋NO===3Fe3＋＋NO↑＋8H2O 2Fe(OH)3＋6H＋＋2I－===2Fe2＋＋I2＋6H2O 2Fe2＋＋Cl2===2Fe3＋＋2Cl－ 2Fe2＋＋2Br－＋2Cl2===2Fe3＋＋Br2＋4Cl－ 2Fe2＋＋4Br－＋3Cl2===2Fe3＋＋2Br2＋6Cl－
4．铜及其重要化合物
Cu在硫蒸气中燃烧
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铜在空气中生成铜绿
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用惰性电极电解CuSO4溶液
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Cu和浓HNO3的反应
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Cu和稀HNO3的反应
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Cu和浓H2SO4的反应
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胆矾受热分解
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答案：2Cu＋SCu2S 2Cu＋O2＋CO2＋H2O===Cu2(OH)2CO3 2Cu2＋＋2H2O2Cu＋4H＋＋O2↑ Cu＋4H＋＋2NO===Cu2＋＋2NO2↑＋2H2O 3Cu＋8H＋＋2NO===3Cu2＋＋2NO↑＋4H2O Cu＋2H2SO4(浓)Cu2＋＋SO＋SO2↑＋2H2O
