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高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars精品学案设计
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars精品学案设计，共9页。
精讲
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
exist vi. 存在，生存
(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)
(2)
①(2014·高考安徽卷·阅读理解) In my view，new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.
依我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧风格完美共存。
②There_existed huge animals on the earth a long time ago.
很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。
③They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
④(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ·七选五)True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.
真正的创造力是一种利用现成的东西并从中创作出新的东西的能力。
【温馨提示】
exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。
【活用】——用exist的适当形式或短语填空
(1)The old lady became seriously ill last week，and she has only ____________ milk ever since.
(2)There ____________ a good way to solve the ____________ problem in geography.
(3)As is known to us，China____________as an independent country in 1949.
答案：(1)existed on (2)exists；existing
(3)came into existence
puzzle vt. (使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑 n．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜
(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
(1)puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索/仔细琢
磨……
puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案
a puzzle to sb. 让某人费解
(2)be in a puzzle 不知如何是好
(3)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
puzzled adj. 感到困惑的
①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.
警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。
②I’m in_a_puzzle as to what to do next.
对于下一步该做什么我不知道。
【活用】——用puzzle的相关词语完成下列小片段
Her (1) ________look showed that she (2) ________ what he said. Yes. It was really a (3)________because it was (4)________that he would rather throw away the food than give it to those in need. What he said as well as what he did (5)________________all the people present.
答案：(1)puzzled (2)was puzzled about
(3)puzzle (4)puzzling (5)puzzled
pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the airwe were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
pull away (汽车等)开走
pull down 拆毁；摧毁
pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull out 驶出；拉出，拔出
pull through 康复；痊愈
pull up (使)停住
①They are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.
为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。
②The train pulled in and all the passengers got off.
火车进站了，所有的乘客都下车了。
③We waved as the train pulled_out_of_the_station.
火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。
【活用】——介、副词填空
(1)I pulled ________ my mobile phone to read a text message from my mom.
(2)The driver pulled________at the gate of our school.
(3)The train has pulled________，and the passengers are boarding it now.
答案：(1)out (2)up (3)in
force vt. 促进；强迫 n．力量；军队
(教材P30)Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey. . .
在启程之前，李彦平向我解释道，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变……
(1)force sb. to do sth.
＝force sb. into doing sth. 迫使……做某事
force one’s way (into) 强行前进或进入
force sth. on sb. 把……强加于某人
(2)by force 依靠武力
come into force (法律)实施
in force 大批地；大规模地
①I was_forced_to take a taxi because the last bus had left. 最后一班公共汽车已经开走了，所以我只好坐了一辆出租车。
②She forced her way through the crowd of reporters. 她在记者群中挤出一条通路。
【活用】——用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)The government plans to bring in new laws ________(force)parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
(2)The president was forced into ____________(resign)．
答案：(1)to force (2)resigning
in time 及时；终于，总有一天
(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 绝不
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经；一度
at the same time 同时
from time to time 有时；偶尔
take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来
kill time 消磨时间
①(2014·高考四川卷·阅读理解)We arrived in the summer，just in time to_enjoy(enjoy) the midnight sun. 夏天来了，我们及时享受午夜阳光。
②Therefore，I couldn’t spare enough time to write you back in time.
所以，我没有及时抽出足够的时间给你写回信。
【活用】——用time的相关短语填空
(1)________________did I feel they were being unreasonable.
(2)You’ll succeed ________________ because you are always working hard.
(3)You’d better do one thing ________________，so that you can concentrate on it.
(4)________________，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.
答案：(1)At no time (2)in time (3)at a time (4)At one time
in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
(教材P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。
in turn 依次；轮流；反之； 反过来
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that. . . 结果……
①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak. 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。
②You can’t all do it together；you’ll have to take turns. 你们不能全体一齐上；你们得轮流做。
③Theory is based on practice and in_turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。
【活用】——用turn的相关词语填空
(1)He asked each of us____________ to describe how the Internet had affected our lives.
(2)Obviously mad，the poor woman laughed and cried ____________.
(3)A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics，which ______________ will promote its economic development.
答案：(1)in turn (2)by turns (3)in turn
cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。
(1)cheer sb. on 以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油
cheer the victory 为胜利而欢呼
(2) cheering adj. 能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的
cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
cheerless adj. 阴冷的；阴暗的；阴郁的；
不快乐的
(3)Cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯！
①(2014·高考福建卷·阅读理解)So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.
所以我们走向卖花人那儿问她我们是否可以买朵花使老太太高兴起来。
②They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered_her_on. 他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。
③I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely！我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！
【活用】——用cheer的相关短语完成句子
The (1)____________news made the (2)____________boy (3)____________，which made his parents (4)____________，too.
这个令人鼓舞的消息使得这个不愉快的小男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到很高兴。
答案：(1)cheering (2)cheerless (3)cheerful (4)cheer up
(教材P31)“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ” “天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。在语义上相当于since，that在口语中可省略。
①Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经完成了，你最好休息一下吧。
②Now_that/Since you’ve grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.
既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。
【温馨提示】
now that中的that可以省略，它相当于since，强调人们已知的事实；because比now that/ since表示的原因更直接。
(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twice as far as. . . 是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。as far as. . . “远到……”。英语里常见的倍数表达法有：
①Professor Wang is considering going to teach in our school，where he can get paid five times as much. 王教授正考虑在我们学校教课，在这里他能获得5倍的报酬。
②Jessica devoted twice_more_energy_and_time_than she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time.
杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。
③The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：4 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．It’s ____________(不像) him to be late；he’s usually on time.
2．Not all people are aware of the various effects of ____________(全球的) warming on the earth.
3．Some believe in the ____________(存在) of life on Mars，while others consider it as a myth.
4．Everyone was a bit ____________(迷惑的)by her sudden departure.
5．I consider that it is ____________ (有害的) for students to play computer games，though some of them don’t think so.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．He failed in the exam and I didn’t know how to cheer him____________.
7．People hope that measures will be taken to prevent house prices ____________ (rise)．
8．(2014·芜湖模拟)—Is there any hope of saving his life?
—His injuries are extremely serious，but he’s expected to pulled____________.
9．I could feel the wind ____________(gentle)blowing through my hair，it was a warm summer breeze.
10．Last year，one of the plants exploded ____________(violent)，and the local people got into a great panic.
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
watch out；in time；give birth to；break out；in one’s turn；block out；get the hang of；cheer sb. up
1．Don’t worry—I’m sure things will get better ________________.
2．We congratulated her on ______________ a fine healthy baby.
3．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week________________.
4．The wall ________________ all the light. It should be pulled down.
5．She told her child to ________________ when crossing the street.
6．Using the computer isn’t difficult once you ______________ it.
7．—Mary looks a little unhappy today.
—Yes. We must do something to ________________.
8．Should another world war ________________，what would become of human beings?
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．(2015·南通高三调研)—Jennifer is having a hard time getting accustomed to new surroundings in Australia?
—I know. But I’m sure she will ________ in no time.
A．pull through B．pull over
C．pull up D．pull out
2．(2015·上饶市部分高中高三质检)Aliens’ visiting Earth is controversial but what happened in some places is hard ________，leaving people ________ about these strange phenomena.
A．to explain；puzzledB．to be explained；puzzling
C．explained；puzzledD．being explained；puzzling
3．—I thought I was speaking English fairly well. Now I’m not so sure.
—________，boy. Anyway，Rome wasn’t built in a day.
A．You said it B．That’s terrible
C．Go ahead D．Cheer up
4．(2015·黄冈高三调研)In order to ensure the project’s completion on schedule，two experts were hired to ________ the building when it was being built.
A．keep out B．watch out
C．carry out D．put out
5．(2015·陕西高三教学质量检测)Keep on trying，and you’ll succeed ________.
A．in time B．on time
C．for a time D．at a time
6．__________ a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.
A．It existed B．There existed
C．There had D．It had
7．Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits，which ________ increase the risk of heart disease.
A．in turn B．in return
C．by chance D．by turns
8．We usually take turns ________ cleaning，and today it is my turn ________ it.
A．to do；doing B．do；do
C．done；doing D．to do；to do
IV．完形填空
“Mum，can I invite my classmate Brett over to stay tomorrow night，please?It's Friday，and we don't have any 1 . Can I，please?”Mum was sitting at the kitchen table. Dad was 2 next to her，resting his head on his arms. Mum could 3 that James wanted so badly to have his friend over.
“I'm so sorry，James，”she said.
“I'm never allowed to have friends come to the house?Why，Mum?”James asked sadly，almost in 4 .
“I know it's 5 for you，”Mum said softly. “But I'm just worried other people might think we're a little. . . strange. And then they would make fun of you. ”
“No，they wouldn't，Mum，”James protested. “We're not 6 at all. We're just ordinary people. ”
Mum sighed heavily. “To tell you the truth，James，my neck has been so painful that it's given me a heavy 7 . And your poor father—he doesn't feel 8 . He really needs a rest. ”
“I can help，Mum！”James said. “ 9 I can make you and Dad feel better，can Brett come over?Please?”
“Well. . . ”Mum began.
“Great！Thanks，Mum！”James almost shouted. “Just sit there，don't move. ”He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and 10 what he needed—two spanners(扳手). “Hang on，Mum，”he said. “This won't take a second. ”After some 11 ，James was finished. With a smile of 12 on his face he said，“There！How does that feel?”“Oh，James，”Mum said. “That's much better！How did you do it?”
“Easy，”James said 13 . “Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much！I just 14 them slightly！I learned that in robotic science at school. ”
“What about your father?Can you 15 him?”asked Mum.
“I'll try，”James replied. He 16 up Dad's hair at the back of his neck，and plugged the electric wire into Dad's head. Then he turned the 17 on. Dad opened his eyes and 18 immediately. “He just let his 19 run too low，that's all，”James said. “Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?”
“I guess so，”replied Mum. “Your friends will just have to 20 that we are a very unusual family. Thanks，son！”
1. A. chance B. message
C. homework D. difficulty
2. A. asleep B. reading
C. alone D. standing
3. A. explain B. see C. agree D. doubt
4. A. terror B. tears
C. surprise D. silence
5. A. fair B. easy C. good D. hard
6. A. strange B. normal
C. popular D. anxious
7. A. headache B. loss
C. task D. day
8. A. ill B. funny
C. sorry D. well
9. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before
10. A. kept B. controlled
C. found D. returned
11. A. requests B. thoughts
C. repairs D. instructions
12. A. sympathy B. satisfaction
C. bitterness D. politeness
13. A. embarrassedly B. gratefully
C. impatiently D. proudly
14. A. adjusted B. collected
C. produced D. covered
15. A. greet B. accompany
C. help D. ask
16. A. lifted B. caught
C. gave D. filled
17. A. television B. power
C. light D. gas
18. A. grew up B. lay down
C. broke down D. sat up
19. A. food B. temperature
C. battery D. blood
20. A. prove B. expect
C. suspect D. accept
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．答案：unlike
2．答案：global
3．答案：existence
4．答案：puzzled
5．答案：harmful
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．答案：up
7．答案：rising
8．答案：through
9．答案：gently
10．答案：violently
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
watch out；in time；give birth to；break out；in one’s turn；block out；get the hang of；cheer sb. up
1．答案：in time
2．答案：giving birth to
3．答案：in its turn
4．答案：blocks out
5．答案：watch out
6．答案：get the hang of
7．答案：cheer her up
8．答案：break out
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。答语意为：我知道。但我确信她很快会渡过难关的。pull through“渡过难关”符合句意。pull over“停靠路边”；pull up“停车”；pull out“驶出”。
2．解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：外星人访问地球是一个有争议性的问题，但是一些地方发生的事情却难以解释，对此人们感到困惑。第一空考查动词不定式作状语，某些作表语的形容词(easy，hard，difficult，good，heavy，comfortable等)后面接不定式作状语，用主动形式表示被动含义；第二空考查过去分词作宾语补足语，指人的心理感受或状态。
3．解析：选D。考查交际用语。根据回答“罗马不是一天建成的”可知，此处是答话人鼓励说话人振作起来，故选Cheer up“振作起来”。Go ahead(口语)表示同意或允许“说吧，做吧，开始吧”；That’s terrible“真糟糕”；You said it“你说对了”。
4．解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了确保工程能如期完工，两位专家被聘请在楼房建造期间进行监督。根据句意可知，应选择watch out“密切注意”。keep out“阻止，挡住”；carry out“实施，执行”；put out“扑灭，熄灭”。
5．解析：选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：继续努力，你迟早会成功的。in time“迟早”，符合句意。on time“按时，准时”；for a time“短时期，一时”；at a time“每次”。
6．解析：选B。句意：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。there exists/existed. . . “有；存在”，相当于there be. . . 结构。
7．解析：选A。句意：紧张的环境会导致诸如不良的饮食习惯等不健康行为，而后者又会增加患心脏病的危险。in turn“转而，依次，而又”；in return “作为报答”；by chance“偶然”；by turns “轮流地，依次”。
8．解析：选D。考查固定搭配。take turns to do sth. “轮流干某事”；it is one’s turn to do sth. “轮到某人干某事”。
IV．完形填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。内容为科幻故事，讲述了小机器人James利用在学校所学的机械科学知识，帮助机器人爸爸和妈妈解决了身体上出现的问题。
1. C 联系首句可知James为学生，根据文意可判断此处是说周五没有家庭作业(homework)。chance机会；message信息；difficulty困难。
2. A 联系空格后的resting his head on his arms(他的头靠在他的胳膊上)，第8空后的“He really needs a rest. (他的确需要休息)”以及第18空前的Dad opened his eyes(爸爸睁开了眼睛)可知，此处指爸爸睡着了。
3. B 联系前后文可知，妈妈应该是明白(see)James非常想让他的朋友过来。explain解释；agree同意；doubt怀疑。
4. B 联系前文内容可知，James被妈妈拒绝了，应该很伤心，故可推测应是含着泪(in tears)。terror恐怖；surprise吃惊；silence沉默。
5. D 联系前文的sadly可知，妈妈明白James的难处，故此处hard符合题意。fair公平的；easy容易的；good好的。
6. A 前一段中妈妈说别人可能会认为他们有一点儿奇怪(strange)，而此处表达否定意义，即James认为他们根本不奇怪。
7. A 由本句中脖子疼痛(painful)可推知与之有关的应是头痛(headache)。
8. D 联系下一句“He really needs a rest. (他确实需要休息。)”可知，爸爸感觉身体不舒服，故用well。
9. B 联系前后文可知，空格处所在句子的前一部分为后一部分的条件，故选B项。句意：如果我能让你和爸爸感觉好一点儿，Brett能过来吗？
10. C 联系后文的two spanners可知，他应该是去厨房找(find)他所需要的东西，即两把扳手。keep保存，保持；control 控制；return归还。
11. C 联系前文他去找扳手可推知，他应该是用扳手修理(repair)东西，故此处选择名词repairs。
12. B 联系前后文可知，修好之后，他应该是带着满意(satisfaction)的微笑。sympathy同情；bitterness痛苦；politeness礼貌。
13. D 联系前后文以及空格前的Easy可知，他应该是自豪地(proudly)说。embarrassedly尴尬地；gratefully感激地；impatiently不耐烦地。
14. A 联系前一句“Dad had tightened your neck bolts too much！(爸爸把你脖子上的螺栓拧得太紧了！)”可知，此处应该是稍微调整(adjust)了一下这些螺栓。
15. C 联系后文可知，妈妈让James帮助(help)一下爸爸。
16. A 由常识可知，他把爸爸脖子后面的头发撩起来(lift up)。catch up追上；give up放弃；fill up装满。
17. B 联系前文的electric wire(电线)可知，此处应该是打开电源(power)。
18. D 联系第一段中的resting his head on his arms以及本句中Dad opened his eyes(爸爸睁开了眼睛)可知，此时的爸爸应该是端坐(sit up)起来了。grow up成长；lie down躺下；break down损坏。
19. C 根据语境可知，由于他们是机器人，所以此处指的应该是电池(battery)。
20. D 联系本句中的will just have to以及前文提到的strange可知，妈妈还是提醒James他的朋友将不得不接受(accept)他们家是一个不寻常的家庭(的事实)。
精讲
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
exist vi. 存在，生存
(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)
(2)
①(2014·高考安徽卷·阅读理解) In my view，new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.
依我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧风格完美共存。
②There_existed huge animals on the earth a long time ago.
很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。
③They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
④(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ·七选五)True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.
真正的创造力是一种利用现成的东西并从中创作出新的东西的能力。
【温馨提示】
exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。
【活用】——用exist的适当形式或短语填空
(1)The old lady became seriously ill last week，and she has only ____________ milk ever since.
(2)There ____________ a good way to solve the ____________ problem in geography.
(3)As is known to us，China____________as an independent country in 1949.
答案：(1)existed on (2)exists；existing
(3)came into existence
puzzle vt. (使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑 n．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜
(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
(1)puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索/仔细琢
磨……
puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案
a puzzle to sb. 让某人费解
(2)be in a puzzle 不知如何是好
(3)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
puzzled adj. 感到困惑的
①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.
警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。
②I’m in_a_puzzle as to what to do next.
对于下一步该做什么我不知道。
【活用】——用puzzle的相关词语完成下列小片段
Her (1) ________look showed that she (2) ________ what he said. Yes. It was really a (3)________because it was (4)________that he would rather throw away the food than give it to those in need. What he said as well as what he did (5)________________all the people present.
答案：(1)puzzled (2)was puzzled about
(3)puzzle (4)puzzling (5)puzzled
pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the airwe were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
pull away (汽车等)开走
pull down 拆毁；摧毁
pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull out 驶出；拉出，拔出
pull through 康复；痊愈
pull up (使)停住
①They are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.
为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。
②The train pulled in and all the passengers got off.
火车进站了，所有的乘客都下车了。
③We waved as the train pulled_out_of_the_station.
火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。
【活用】——介、副词填空
(1)I pulled ________ my mobile phone to read a text message from my mom.
(2)The driver pulled________at the gate of our school.
(3)The train has pulled________，and the passengers are boarding it now.
答案：(1)out (2)up (3)in
force vt. 促进；强迫 n．力量；军队
(教材P30)Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey. . .
在启程之前，李彦平向我解释道，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变……
(1)force sb. to do sth.
＝force sb. into doing sth. 迫使……做某事
force one’s way (into) 强行前进或进入
force sth. on sb. 把……强加于某人
(2)by force 依靠武力
come into force (法律)实施
in force 大批地；大规模地
①I was_forced_to take a taxi because the last bus had left. 最后一班公共汽车已经开走了，所以我只好坐了一辆出租车。
②She forced her way through the crowd of reporters. 她在记者群中挤出一条通路。
【活用】——用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)The government plans to bring in new laws ________(force)parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
(2)The president was forced into ____________(resign)．
答案：(1)to force (2)resigning
in time 及时；终于，总有一天
(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 绝不
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经；一度
at the same time 同时
from time to time 有时；偶尔
take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来
kill time 消磨时间
①(2014·高考四川卷·阅读理解)We arrived in the summer，just in time to_enjoy(enjoy) the midnight sun. 夏天来了，我们及时享受午夜阳光。
②Therefore，I couldn’t spare enough time to write you back in time.
所以，我没有及时抽出足够的时间给你写回信。
【活用】——用time的相关短语填空
(1)________________did I feel they were being unreasonable.
(2)You’ll succeed ________________ because you are always working hard.
(3)You’d better do one thing ________________，so that you can concentrate on it.
(4)________________，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.
答案：(1)At no time (2)in time (3)at a time (4)At one time
in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
(教材P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。
in turn 依次；轮流；反之； 反过来
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that. . . 结果……
①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak. 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。
②You can’t all do it together；you’ll have to take turns. 你们不能全体一齐上；你们得轮流做。
③Theory is based on practice and in_turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。
【活用】——用turn的相关词语填空
(1)He asked each of us____________ to describe how the Internet had affected our lives.
(2)Obviously mad，the poor woman laughed and cried ____________.
(3)A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics，which ______________ will promote its economic development.
答案：(1)in turn (2)by turns (3)in turn
cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。
(1)cheer sb. on 以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油
cheer the victory 为胜利而欢呼
(2) cheering adj. 能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的
cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
cheerless adj. 阴冷的；阴暗的；阴郁的；
不快乐的
(3)Cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯！
①(2014·高考福建卷·阅读理解)So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.
所以我们走向卖花人那儿问她我们是否可以买朵花使老太太高兴起来。
②They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered_her_on. 他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。
③I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely！我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！
【活用】——用cheer的相关短语完成句子
The (1)____________news made the (2)____________boy (3)____________，which made his parents (4)____________，too.
这个令人鼓舞的消息使得这个不愉快的小男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到很高兴。
答案：(1)cheering (2)cheerless (3)cheerful (4)cheer up
(教材P31)“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ” “天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。在语义上相当于since，that在口语中可省略。
①Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经完成了，你最好休息一下吧。
②Now_that/Since you’ve grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.
既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。
【温馨提示】
now that中的that可以省略，它相当于since，强调人们已知的事实；because比now that/ since表示的原因更直接。
(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twice as far as. . . 是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。as far as. . . “远到……”。英语里常见的倍数表达法有：
①Professor Wang is considering going to teach in our school，where he can get paid five times as much. 王教授正考虑在我们学校教课，在这里他能获得5倍的报酬。
②Jessica devoted twice_more_energy_and_time_than she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time.
杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。
③The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：4 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．It’s ____________(不像) him to be late；he’s usually on time.
2．Not all people are aware of the various effects of ____________(全球的) warming on the earth.
3．Some believe in the ____________(存在) of life on Mars，while others consider it as a myth.
4．Everyone was a bit ____________(迷惑的)by her sudden departure.
5．I consider that it is ____________ (有害的) for students to play computer games，though some of them don’t think so.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．He failed in the exam and I didn’t know how to cheer him____________.
7．People hope that measures will be taken to prevent house prices ____________ (rise)．
8．(2014·芜湖模拟)—Is there any hope of saving his life?
—His injuries are extremely serious，but he’s expected to pulled____________.
9．I could feel the wind ____________(gentle)blowing through my hair，it was a warm summer breeze.
10．Last year，one of the plants exploded ____________(violent)，and the local people got into a great panic.
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
watch out；in time；give birth to；break out；in one’s turn；block out；get the hang of；cheer sb. up
1．Don’t worry—I’m sure things will get better ________________.
2．We congratulated her on ______________ a fine healthy baby.
3．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week________________.
4．The wall ________________ all the light. It should be pulled down.
5．She told her child to ________________ when crossing the street.
6．Using the computer isn’t difficult once you ______________ it.
7．—Mary looks a little unhappy today.
—Yes. We must do something to ________________.
8．Should another world war ________________，what would become of human beings?
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．(2015·南通高三调研)—Jennifer is having a hard time getting accustomed to new surroundings in Australia?
—I know. But I’m sure she will ________ in no time.
A．pull through B．pull over
C．pull up D．pull out
2．(2015·上饶市部分高中高三质检)Aliens’ visiting Earth is controversial but what happened in some places is hard ________，leaving people ________ about these strange phenomena.
A．to explain；puzzledB．to be explained；puzzling
C．explained；puzzledD．being explained；puzzling
3．—I thought I was speaking English fairly well. Now I’m not so sure.
—________，boy. Anyway，Rome wasn’t built in a day.
A．You said it B．That’s terrible
C．Go ahead D．Cheer up
4．(2015·黄冈高三调研)In order to ensure the project’s completion on schedule，two experts were hired to ________ the building when it was being built.
A．keep out B．watch out
C．carry out D．put out
5．(2015·陕西高三教学质量检测)Keep on trying，and you’ll succeed ________.
A．in time B．on time
C．for a time D．at a time
6．__________ a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.
A．It existed B．There existed
C．There had D．It had
7．Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits，which ________ increase the risk of heart disease.
A．in turn B．in return
C．by chance D．by turns
8．We usually take turns ________ cleaning，and today it is my turn ________ it.
A．to do；doing B．do；do
C．done；doing D．to do；to do
IV．完形填空
“Mum，can I invite my classmate Brett over to stay tomorrow night，please?It's Friday，and we don't have any 1 . Can I，please?”Mum was sitting at the kitchen table. Dad was 2 next to her，resting his head on his arms. Mum could 3 that James wanted so badly to have his friend over.
“I'm so sorry，James，”she said.
“I'm never allowed to have friends come to the house?Why，Mum?”James asked sadly，almost in 4 .
“I know it's 5 for you，”Mum said softly. “But I'm just worried other people might think we're a little. . . strange. And then they would make fun of you. ”
“No，they wouldn't，Mum，”James protested. “We're not 6 at all. We're just ordinary people. ”
Mum sighed heavily. “To tell you the truth，James，my neck has been so painful that it's given me a heavy 7 . And your poor father—he doesn't feel 8 . He really needs a rest. ”
“I can help，Mum！”James said. “ 9 I can make you and Dad feel better，can Brett come over?Please?”
“Well. . . ”Mum began.
“Great！Thanks，Mum！”James almost shouted. “Just sit there，don't move. ”He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and 10 what he needed—two spanners(扳手). “Hang on，Mum，”he said. “This won't take a second. ”After some 11 ，James was finished. With a smile of 12 on his face he said，“There！How does that feel?”“Oh，James，”Mum said. “That's much better！How did you do it?”
“Easy，”James said 13 . “Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much！I just 14 them slightly！I learned that in robotic science at school. ”
“What about your father?Can you 15 him?”asked Mum.
“I'll try，”James replied. He 16 up Dad's hair at the back of his neck，and plugged the electric wire into Dad's head. Then he turned the 17 on. Dad opened his eyes and 18 immediately. “He just let his 19 run too low，that's all，”James said. “Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?”
“I guess so，”replied Mum. “Your friends will just have to 20 that we are a very unusual family. Thanks，son！”
1. A. chance B. message
C. homework D. difficulty
2. A. asleep B. reading
C. alone D. standing
3. A. explain B. see C. agree D. doubt
4. A. terror B. tears
C. surprise D. silence
5. A. fair B. easy C. good D. hard
6. A. strange B. normal
C. popular D. anxious
7. A. headache B. loss
C. task D. day
8. A. ill B. funny
C. sorry D. well
9. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before
10. A. kept B. controlled
C. found D. returned
11. A. requests B. thoughts
C. repairs D. instructions
12. A. sympathy B. satisfaction
C. bitterness D. politeness
13. A. embarrassedly B. gratefully
C. impatiently D. proudly
14. A. adjusted B. collected
C. produced D. covered
15. A. greet B. accompany
C. help D. ask
16. A. lifted B. caught
C. gave D. filled
17. A. television B. power
C. light D. gas
18. A. grew up B. lay down
C. broke down D. sat up
19. A. food B. temperature
C. battery D. blood
20. A. prove B. expect
C. suspect D. accept
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．答案：unlike
2．答案：global
3．答案：existence
4．答案：puzzled
5．答案：harmful
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．答案：up
7．答案：rising
8．答案：through
9．答案：gently
10．答案：violently
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
watch out；in time；give birth to；break out；in one’s turn；block out；get the hang of；cheer sb. up
1．答案：in time
2．答案：giving birth to
3．答案：in its turn
4．答案：blocks out
5．答案：watch out
6．答案：get the hang of
7．答案：cheer her up
8．答案：break out
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。答语意为：我知道。但我确信她很快会渡过难关的。pull through“渡过难关”符合句意。pull over“停靠路边”；pull up“停车”；pull out“驶出”。
2．解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：外星人访问地球是一个有争议性的问题，但是一些地方发生的事情却难以解释，对此人们感到困惑。第一空考查动词不定式作状语，某些作表语的形容词(easy，hard，difficult，good，heavy，comfortable等)后面接不定式作状语，用主动形式表示被动含义；第二空考查过去分词作宾语补足语，指人的心理感受或状态。
3．解析：选D。考查交际用语。根据回答“罗马不是一天建成的”可知，此处是答话人鼓励说话人振作起来，故选Cheer up“振作起来”。Go ahead(口语)表示同意或允许“说吧，做吧，开始吧”；That’s terrible“真糟糕”；You said it“你说对了”。
4．解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了确保工程能如期完工，两位专家被聘请在楼房建造期间进行监督。根据句意可知，应选择watch out“密切注意”。keep out“阻止，挡住”；carry out“实施，执行”；put out“扑灭，熄灭”。
5．解析：选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：继续努力，你迟早会成功的。in time“迟早”，符合句意。on time“按时，准时”；for a time“短时期，一时”；at a time“每次”。
6．解析：选B。句意：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。there exists/existed. . . “有；存在”，相当于there be. . . 结构。
7．解析：选A。句意：紧张的环境会导致诸如不良的饮食习惯等不健康行为，而后者又会增加患心脏病的危险。in turn“转而，依次，而又”；in return “作为报答”；by chance“偶然”；by turns “轮流地，依次”。
8．解析：选D。考查固定搭配。take turns to do sth. “轮流干某事”；it is one’s turn to do sth. “轮到某人干某事”。
IV．完形填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。内容为科幻故事，讲述了小机器人James利用在学校所学的机械科学知识，帮助机器人爸爸和妈妈解决了身体上出现的问题。
1. C 联系首句可知James为学生，根据文意可判断此处是说周五没有家庭作业(homework)。chance机会；message信息；difficulty困难。
2. A 联系空格后的resting his head on his arms(他的头靠在他的胳膊上)，第8空后的“He really needs a rest. (他的确需要休息)”以及第18空前的Dad opened his eyes(爸爸睁开了眼睛)可知，此处指爸爸睡着了。
3. B 联系前后文可知，妈妈应该是明白(see)James非常想让他的朋友过来。explain解释；agree同意；doubt怀疑。
4. B 联系前文内容可知，James被妈妈拒绝了，应该很伤心，故可推测应是含着泪(in tears)。terror恐怖；surprise吃惊；silence沉默。
5. D 联系前文的sadly可知，妈妈明白James的难处，故此处hard符合题意。fair公平的；easy容易的；good好的。
6. A 前一段中妈妈说别人可能会认为他们有一点儿奇怪(strange)，而此处表达否定意义，即James认为他们根本不奇怪。
7. A 由本句中脖子疼痛(painful)可推知与之有关的应是头痛(headache)。
8. D 联系下一句“He really needs a rest. (他确实需要休息。)”可知，爸爸感觉身体不舒服，故用well。
9. B 联系前后文可知，空格处所在句子的前一部分为后一部分的条件，故选B项。句意：如果我能让你和爸爸感觉好一点儿，Brett能过来吗？
10. C 联系后文的two spanners可知，他应该是去厨房找(find)他所需要的东西，即两把扳手。keep保存，保持；control 控制；return归还。
11. C 联系前文他去找扳手可推知，他应该是用扳手修理(repair)东西，故此处选择名词repairs。
12. B 联系前后文可知，修好之后，他应该是带着满意(satisfaction)的微笑。sympathy同情；bitterness痛苦；politeness礼貌。
13. D 联系前后文以及空格前的Easy可知，他应该是自豪地(proudly)说。embarrassedly尴尬地；gratefully感激地；impatiently不耐烦地。
14. A 联系前一句“Dad had tightened your neck bolts too much！(爸爸把你脖子上的螺栓拧得太紧了！)”可知，此处应该是稍微调整(adjust)了一下这些螺栓。
15. C 联系后文可知，妈妈让James帮助(help)一下爸爸。
16. A 由常识可知，他把爸爸脖子后面的头发撩起来(lift up)。catch up追上；give up放弃；fill up装满。
17. B 联系前文的electric wire(电线)可知，此处应该是打开电源(power)。
18. D 联系第一段中的resting his head on his arms以及本句中Dad opened his eyes(爸爸睁开了眼睛)可知，此时的爸爸应该是端坐(sit up)起来了。grow up成长；lie down躺下；break down损坏。
19. C 根据语境可知，由于他们是机器人，所以此处指的应该是电池(battery)。
20. D 联系本句中的will just have to以及前文提到的strange可知，妈妈还是提醒James他的朋友将不得不接受(accept)他们家是一个不寻常的家庭(的事实)。
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