2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习北师大版讲义：必修2Unit5Rhythm

Unit 5 Rhythm




一、课前基础自查

(一)分类记单词——省时高效

Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．jazz n．　　　　　　　　爵士乐
2．rock ‘n’ roll 摇滚乐
3．disco n. 迪斯科舞
4．ballet n. 芭蕾舞
5．clown n. 小丑
6．acrobatics n. 杂技
7．costume n. 戏装；服装
8．encyclopedia n. 百科全书
9．skip vi. 跳，蹦
10．realistic adj. 现实(主义)的
11．audience n. 听众；观众
12．instrument n. 乐器；工具
13．sword n. 剑
14．hairstyle n. 发型
15．mask n. 面具，面罩
16．album n. 唱片；相册；集邮册
17．base n. 基地，基础
18．carriage n. 马车
19．beauty n. 美；美貌；美人
20．noble adj. 贵族的；高尚的，高贵的
n. 贵族
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．folk adj.　　　　　 民间的
2．extraordinary adj. 非凡的，特别的
3．unclear adj. 不清楚的
4．award n. 奖，奖品
5．powerful adj. 强大的，有力的
6．anger n. 气愤，愤怒
7．system n. 系统
8．throughout prep. 贯穿，遍及
9．male adj. 男性的
10．treasure n. 财宝，财富
11．combine vt. (使)结合，(使)联合
12．pianist n. 钢琴家，钢琴演奏者
13．musician n. 音乐家
14．quit vi. & vt. 停止；辞职
15．talent n. 才干；天才
16．worldwide adv. & adj. 全世界(的)
17．identity n. 身份；特性
18．rediscover vt. 重新发现
19．shave vt. 剃，刮
20．transform vt. 转换，转化
21．ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的
22．unique adj. 独特的，唯一的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．effect n．效果，作用→effective adj.有效的；起作用的
2．disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n．失望→disappointed adj.失望的→disappointing adj.令人失望的
3．perform vt. & vi.表演；做→performance n．表演；演奏→performer n．表演者
4．creative adj.有创造力的，创造性的→create vt.创造；创作→creativity n．创造力，创造性
5．impress vt.使(人)印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.印象深刻的
6．represent vt.代表→representation n．代表；维护；支持；表现(形式)；描述→representative adj.有代表性的，典型的 n．代表
7．reaction n．反应→react vi.& vt.作出反应
8．permission n．允许，许可→permit v. & n．允许；许可证
9．responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的→responsibility n．责任→respond vi.回答；作出反应
[语境活用]
1．The effective measures the government has taken will have a great effect on people's life.(effect)
2．Even if you have a permit,_I won't permit you to enter the hall without her permission.(permit)
3．Many top representatives have taken part in the UN conference. President Xi represented China to give an impressive speech at the meeting.(represent)
4．The creative young man was famous for the creativity in the special design.(create)
5．Hangzhou is such an impressive city that it often makes a strong impression on visitors and its sights never fail to impress foreign tourists.(impress)
6．The performance given by this performer who often performed in public was a great success.(perform)
7．The responsible manager should take responsibility for the failure of the plan.(responsible)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.be_used_to　　　　习惯于
2．come_out 出来；出版
3．at_the_end_of 在……的尽头
4．pick_up (用车)接某人；捡起
5．note/write_down 记下
6.play_a_role_in 在……中起作用
7．in_other_words 换句话说
8．at_times 有时，不时
9．give_up 放弃
10．in_some_ways 在某些方面
11．be_dressed_in 穿着
12．back_and_forth 往返，来回
13．leave_out 省去；遗漏
14．not_at_all 一点也不；根本不
15．refer_to 指的是；参考；查阅
16．fit_in_with 与……合得来；适应
1.We have to give in to the environment at_times for some reasons.
2．People are_used_to enjoying light music with wonderful rhythms at dinner.
3．It was several weeks before the truth of the matter came_out.
4．He didn't reach the standard; in_other_words,_he failed.
5．The school bus picks_up the children three times a day.
6．The Chinese teacher asked her to leave_out the unnecessary words and sentences.
7．Our policies should fit_in_with the actual circumstances; otherwise they will be meaningless.
8．The guests are_dressed_in traditional Chinese clothes now in order to celebrate the New Year.
9．The student referred_to his school days in his term papers yesterday.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It was Morissette's first performance in England since her song “Uninvited” won this year's Grammy Award for the best rock song.
自从莫里塞特的歌曲“Uninvited”获得今年的格莱美最佳摇滚歌曲奖以来，这是她在英国的首次演出。
It is/was/has been ... since ...句型，意为“自从……以来多久了”。
(2016·天津高考书面表达)自从你来到我们学校做这个交流项目已经两周了，这对我们大家都有益处。
It_has_been_two_weeks_since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us.
2.His mother couldn't buy him a piano until he was seven.
直到7岁，他母亲才给他买了一架钢琴。
not ... until ...意为“直到……才……”。
直到符合某些条件，你才能申请这份工作。
You_can't_apply_for_the_job_until you have satisfied certain conditions.
3.This is why he went back to his roots and rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music.
这就是他为什么追根求源，重新发现了中华民族音乐之美。
This/That is why ...意为“这/那就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句。
(2014·浙江高考书面表达)那就是我为什么推荐另一类图书：文学类图书。
That_is_why I recommend another category of books: literary books.
4.Whether Kong is changing his appearance or transforming his music, he is a pioneer in music today.
无论孔(祥东)改变外貌还是转变音乐(风格)，他都是今天音乐领域的先驱。
whether ... or ...意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。
无论他开车还是乘坐火车，他会按时到达。
Whether_he_drives_or_takes_the_train,_he'll be here on time.
5.And every time you call, I've waited there as though you might not call at all.
而且每当你打电话时，我就在那里等待，好像你根本不会打电话似的。
every time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……的时候”。
每当我经过这所学校，我就想起我的第一个英语老师。
Every_time_I_pass_the_school,_I will think of my first English teacher.

二、课堂重点深化



1．effect n．效果，作用
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The new laws should be put into effect as soon as possible.
②One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.
③If a class is of no effect, then teaching means nothing.
④So in effect the government has lowered taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor.
完成句子
⑤Pollution could have_a_great_effect_on people's health.
污染对人们的健康有很大影响。
⑥The agreement signed between the two companies last week will_come_into_effect soon.
两家公司在上周签订的这份协议将很快生效。
　[系统归纳]
(1)have an effect/effects on 　　　 对……有影响
put/bring/carry sth.into effect 把某物投入使用/实行
come/go into effect 开始生效；开始实施
in effect 事实上
take effect 生效，起作用
be of no effect 无效
(2)effective adj. 有效的
effectively adv. 有效地
(3)affect v. 影响
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(effect/affect)
⑦These won't easily affect me because I must spare every effort to do it.
⑧It's reported that this regulation will come into effect from September 1, 2020.
佳句时时写
⑨(2016·北京高考书面表达)魏源在他的书《海国图志》中把现代化的技术和理念引进中国，这对中国人了解世界产生了重大影响。
Wei_Yuan,_in_his_book,_Haiguo_Tuzhi,_introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas_to_China,_which_had_a_great_effect_on_the_Chinese_understanding_of_the_world.
2．disappoint vt.使失望
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.
②Whenever he didn't perform well in his studies, his mother would blame him bitterly, expressing her disappointment (disappoint) in him.
③Visitors were disappointed to_find (find) the museum closed.
完成句子
④To_my_disappointment,_you failed the exam once again.
使我感到失望的是，你又一次考试不及格。
⑤We were_all_disappointed_at the news that our sports meeting was delayed because of the rain.
因为下雨我们的运动会被推迟了，我们对此消息都感到失望。
　[系统归纳]
(1)disappointed adj.　　　 　 　 　(感到)失望的
be disappointed
be disappointed to do sth.　 对做某事感到失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. [U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事
to one's disappointment 使/令某人感到失望的是
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥It is disappointed when we cannot win, but I think we have to improve and we have to be positive.disappointed→disappointing
佳句时时写
⑦(2015·重庆高考书面表达)学会理解，你就会远离满是悲伤和失望的世界。
Learn_to_understand,_and_you_will_keep_away_from_a_world_full_of_sadness_and_disappointment.
3．perform vt.& vi.表演；做；履行，执行；工作，运转
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中perform的含义
①He is going to perform magic at the party. 表演
②They always perform their duties carefully. 履行，执行
③The new machine is performing well. 工作，运转
单句语法填空
④Once performed (perform), the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.
⑤Your performance (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
完成句子
⑥The police perform_a_vital_role_in our society.
警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。
⑦The famous singer will_give/put_on_a_performance at the Shanghai Gymnasium next month.
这位著名歌手下个月将在上海大舞台演出。
⑧The doctor is going to set out to perform_the_operation,_so please keep calm.
医生就要开始做手术了，因此请保持镇静。
　[系统归纳]
(1)perform a(n) ... role in　　　 在……中起……作用
perform an operation/a play 做手术/演戏
perform one's duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺
(2)performance n. 执行；表演；履行
put on/give a performance 表演
(3)performer n. 执行者；表演者
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨However frequently performing, the works of Shakespeare always attract many people. performing→performed
佳句时时写
⑩(2016·江苏高考书面表达)苏华非常喜欢他的表弟，但是他觉得其他歌手表现得更好。
Su_Hua_likes_his_cousin_very_much,_but_he_finds_other_singers_perform_even_better.
4．award n．奖，奖品；奖金 vt.授予，给予
　[自主体验]
完成句子
①Suzy won_an_award_for her popular talk show on TV.
Suzy因为她受欢迎的电视脱口秀而获奖了。
②The government awarded_him_a_large_sum_of_money for his good deeds.
＝The government awarded_a_large_sum_of_money_to_him for his good deeds.
因为做好事，政府给予他一大笔奖金。
　[系统归纳]
win/receive/get an award (for ...)　　 (因……而)获奖
award sb. sth.＝award sth.to sb. 授予某人某物
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(prize/award/reward)
③We gave him a gift as a reward for his kindness.
④He won the first prize in the composition competition.
⑤The movie has won a number of awards.
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)了解到你在机器人竞赛中赢得了很多奖项，而且你是训练机器人踢足球的专家，我相信你的参与会让我们受益匪浅。
Learning_that_you_have_won_many_awards_in_robotics_competition_and_you're_an_expert_in_training_robots_to_play_football,_I_believe_your_participation_will_benefit_us_a_lot.
[辨析比较]　
award
“奖，奖品”，多指荣誉而不在乎奖品或奖金，尤其是由于杰出成就而受奖
reward
“奖励，报酬”，指劳动或成绩的回报，即奖金或酬金
prize
“奖品”，多指竞赛获奖
5.impress vt.使(人)印象深刻；使……铭记，让……明白……(的重要性等)
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me.
②The teachers were most impressed by/with/at your performance in the exam.
③Mr Smith, a professor from America, will make an impressive (impress) speech in the hall tonight.
完成句子
④His trip to India made/left_a_strong_impression_on him.
他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
　[系统归纳]
(1)impress sb.with ...　　 (某事)给某人留下……印象
impress sth.on/upon sb./one's memory
使某人铭记某事
be impressed by/with/at 对……有深刻印象
(2)impression n. 印象；印记
leave/make/have an impression on sb.
给某人留下印象
(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤The little boy impressed me on his big, bright eyes the first time I saw him.on→with
佳句时时写
⑥(2016·天津高考书面表达)给我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，显示出了你过人的天赋。
What_impressed_us_most_are_your_art_skills,_in_which_you_showed_outstanding_talent.
6．combine vt.(使)结合，(使)联合 vi.结合；混合；合并
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①If he can combine his ability with hard work, he should be very successful.
②He said that several factors had combined to_harm (harm) their friendship.
③Combined (combine) with a foreign firm, they think theirs is most likely to become stronger.
完成句子
④The company is developing a new product in_combination_with several research centers.
这家公司正在联合几家研究中心开发一种新产品。
　[系统归纳]
(1)combine ...with/and ...　　 把……和……结合起来
combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事/合起来促成某事
be combined with 与……相结合
(2)combination n. 组合；结合；混合
in combination with 与……联合起来
　[重点强化]
僻义牢牢记
⑤The newspaper combine threatened all the smaller papers.集团
佳句时时写
⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)无论做什么我都会做好。当然，我会把工作和生活结合起来。业余时间我会继续锻炼，例如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动。
I'll_do_a_good_job_in_whatever_I_do.Of_course,_I'll_combine_work_with_life.In_my_free_time,_I'll_continue_to_take_regular_exercise,_such_as_swimming,_running_and_various_ball_games.
[联想发散]　表示“把……与……相联系”的短语还有：
①connect ...with ...　　 ②associate ...with ...
③link ...with/to ... ④relate ...to ...
7．represent vt.代表，表示；象征；描绘；宣称；说明
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中represent的含义
①Each color on the map represents a different place. 代表，表示
②The King is represented as a villain (主要反面人物) in the play. 描绘
③Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way. 说明
单句语法填空
④In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
⑤I can represent it to you by metaphors (隐喻)．
完成句子
⑥She represents_her_mother_as/to_be the kindest mother in the world.
她宣称她的妈妈是世界上最好的母亲。
　[系统归纳]
(1)represent ... as ...　　　 把……描绘成……
represent sb.to be/as 宣称某人是/为……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明/传达某事
(2)representative n. 代表
　　　 　　 adj. 典型的，有代表性的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦The withdrawal was represented to a military success.to→as
佳句时时写
⑧(2015·福建高考书面表达)不是故事本身而是它代表的意义重要。我们应该努力通过学习提高自己，为未来做好准备。
It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_it_represents_in_the_story_that_counts.We_should_take_pains_to_improve_ourselves_through_learning_and_get_prepared_for_the_future.
8．responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The pilot of the plane should be responsible for the passengers' safety.
②If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a strong sense of responsibility (responsible)．
完成句子
③We should motivate the students into taking_the_responsibility_for their own work.
我们应该激励学生承担他们自己学习的责任。
④Our department manager is_directly_responsible_to the vice­president of sales.
我们的部门经理直接对销售副总裁负责。
　[系统归纳]
(1)be responsible for　　 应对……负责，对……有责任
be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
(2)responsibility n. 责任，责任心
bear/take (the) responsibility for
承担对……的责任，为……负责
a sense of responsibility 　　 责任感
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤The drunk driver is responsible to the accident that happened on a foggy morning.to→for
佳句时时写
⑥(2014·湖北高考书面表达)作为社会的一员，我意识到负责任是创建一个更好的社会所必需的。
As_a_member_of_the_society,_I_am_aware_that_being_responsible_is_what_it_takes_to_make_a_better_society.



1．be used to 习惯于……
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He is used to getting (get) up early and he can enjoy the fresh air in the morning.
②The girl used to_be (be) shy, but is gradually getting active in group work.
③The van is used for picking up groceries by Bob.
④The house is used as a holiday home by my parents.
　[系统归纳]
be/get/become used to (doing) sth.　 习惯于(做)某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤For many years, he has been used to go to bed early.go→going
佳句时时写
⑥(2013·福建高考书面表达)父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。结果，孩子们习惯于依赖父母以至于他们没有独立的观点或创造性的想法。
Parents_arrange_everything_for_their_children_and_spare_no_effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.As_a_consequence,_children_have_been_used_to_relying_on_their_parents_so_that_they_have_no_independent_thoughts_or_creative_ideas.
2．in other words换句话说
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else. In other words, I was wasting my time.
②He told me that he had words (word) with the manager and lost his position.
③Could I have a word with you after the meeting?
完成句子
④Word_came_that the mayor would soon visit our school, which excited us.
消息传来，市长不久就要来我们的学校参观，这让我们很兴奋。
⑤You must keep_your_word,_or I'll let you go.
你必须遵守诺言，否则我将解雇你。
⑥In_a/one_word,_success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.
总之，成功是重要的，失败也是重要的，因为它是成功之母。
　[系统归纳]
in a/one word　　　　　　　 总之，简而言之
have a word with 和……说句话
have words with 和……吵嘴
keep one's word 遵守诺言，守信用
break one's word 失信，不守诺言
Word came that ... 据说/消息传来……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦He is the last to come. In other word, he is the latest.word→words
佳句时时写
⑧(2013·湖北高考书面表达)课后，我从老师那里得知如果我的同桌得不到别人的帮助，他会退学的。换句话说，我的无心之语一定大大伤害了他。
After_class,_I_learned_from_the_teacher_that_my_deskmate_would_have_dropped_out_of_school_if_he_hadn't_been_helped_by_others.In_other_words,_my_mindless_words_must_have_hurt_him_deeply.
3．at times有时，不时
　[自主体验]
完成句子
①Generally speaking, my grandmother is nice and kind, but she can be very stubborn at_times.
一般来说，我的祖母友好而和善，但有时也会很固执。
②At_no_time will we Chinese be the first to use the nuclear weapons.
我们中国人在任何时候决不首先使用核武器。
根据提示用time相关短语完成语段
③At_one_time Joan and I were good friends.I went to her for help ④at_any_time because she would always solve the problem ⑤in_no_time. Joan was clever, and ⑥at_the_same_time she was hard­working. So she always did well in exams.
我和琼曾经是好朋友。我随时向她求助，因为她总是会立刻解决问题。琼很聪明，同时，她也很勤奋。因此她在考试中总能取得好成绩。
　[系统归纳]
at a time　　　　　　　 一次，每次
at one time 曾经，一度
at any time 随时，任何时候
at no time 决不(位于句首时，句子要倒装)
at the same time 同时
in no time 立刻，马上
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(at times/at a time)
⑦Peter can be really difficult to get along with at_times even though he's a nice person in general.
⑧Much as I like butter, I never eat much at_a_time.
佳句时时写
⑨(2015·四川高考书面表达)至于说普通话，多注意发音是比较好的，有时候别忘了和你同学比较笔记，也是提高学习的好方法。
As_for_speaking_Mandarin,_it's_better_to_pay_more_attention_to_the_pronunciation.And_you_should_keep_it_in_mind_that_at_times_comparing_notes_with_your_classmates_is_a_good_way_to_improve_your_study.
4．in some ways在某些方面，在某种程度上
　[系统归纳]
in a way　　　　　　　 在某种程度上
in this/that way 以这种/那种方式
in the/one's way 挡道，碍事
in no way 决不(位于句首时，句子要倒装)
by the way 顺便说一下；顺便问一下
by way of 经由；通过
on the/one's way to 在去……的路上
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(用上述短语填空)
①By_the_way,_I found that book you were looking for.
②The artist recently has arrived in Paris from Bulgaria by_way_of Vienna.
③In_no_way am I responsible for what has happened.
④In_a_way/In_some_ways,_the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.
⑤That chair is in_the_way.Move it please.
⑥Only in_this_way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.
佳句时时写
⑦(2015·浙江高考书面表达)当我有更好的想法时，我会选择坚持它。从某种程度上来说，我不但和他人分享好的想法而且学着清楚地表达自己的想法。
When_I_have_a_better_idea,_I_would_choose_to_stick_to_it.In_some_ways,_I_can_not_only_share_good_ideas_with_others,_but_also_learn_to_express_myself_clearly.
5．It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since ...
　[教材原句]　It_was Morissette's first performance in England since her song “Uninvited” won this year's Grammy Award for the best rock song.
　[自主体验]
①It is/has_been (be) three years since I joined the army.
我当兵已经三年了。
②John thinks it_won't_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
③It is high time that we_took/should_take_effective_measures to control the environment pollution.
该是我们采取有效措施来控制环境污染的时候了。
④It was the third time that he had_asked (ask) the same question.
这是他第三次问同一个问题了。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since ...“自从……以来有多长时间了”。
(2)It is/was/will be＋时间段＋before ...“过了多久/要过多久才……”。
(3)It is (about/high) time (that) ...“是做……的时候了”从句谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。
(4)This/It is/was the first/second ... time(that) ...“这是第一/第二/……次……”。
注意事项
在“This/It is/was the first/second ... time that ...”句型中，若主句中用is，从句中用has done，若主句中用was，从句中用had done。

　[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2018·北京高考满分作文)It has been three years since you came to Beijing.Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
②(增分要点句)(2015·陕西高考满分作文)It is two years since I was elected as assistant to my English teacher.Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class.
③(精彩收尾句)(2016·江苏高考满分作文)Therefore, it is high time that rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
6．not ... until ...“直到……才……，在……之前没……”
　[教材原句]　His mother couldn't buy him a piano until he was seven.
　[自主体验]
①We didn't_realize the love we have for our families is important until we went through real hardship.
直到我们经历了真正的困难才意识到对家人的爱的重要性。
②Not until my father returned did_we_have_supper.
直到爸爸回来我们才吃晚饭。
③It_was_not_until_then_that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.
直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)not ... until ...“直到……才”，即表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始，主句的谓语动词用非延续性动词。
(2)若将not until引导的从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。
(3)not until可用于强调句型，其构成为：It is/was not until ... that ...。
注意事项
until用于肯定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，所以主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
I studied English until 9：00 last night.
我昨晚学英语一直学到九点。

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)In fact, I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
②(精彩收尾句)(2013·湖北高考书面表达)Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.


Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The boy's failure again made his father very disappointed (失望的)．
2．Bill quitted (辞职) his job because he thought he couldn't get along well with the boss.
3．Sickness, combined (使结合) with terrible weather, ruined the trip.
4．Although she is a famous singer, she dresses like an ordinary (普通的) girl.
5．You are not allowed to camp here without permission (许可)．
6．Cigarette smoking is responsible (有责任的) for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
7．She used to be terribly shy, but her staying abroad a year has completely transformed (改变) her.
8．She won an award (奖品) for her outstanding performance.
9．We gather some of the most beautiful and extraordinary (非凡的) scenery of France.
10．Tom was chosen to represent (代表) the company at the conference.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The audience was inexpressibly astonished at the brilliant performance (perform)．
2．If you quit smoking (smoke) now, you'll feel better in no time.
3．He is buried in writing his novel; in other words, he can't spare even a minute to chat with us.
4．Rising temperatures have harmful effects on this kind of plants.
5．The performances have a powerful_(power) effect on the audience.
6．To her great disappointment, it rained on the day of the picnic.
7．Creativity (create) and originality (独创性) are more important than technical skill.
8．Finally his mother relented and gave permission (permit) for her youngest son to marry.
9．His father has given up smoking. It has been three years since he smoked.
10．A gold medal was awarded to the winner.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．The Church has something to say on how to combine freedom in responsibility.in→with/and
2．When Joe was about to start school, all signs pointed to success. Yet things turned out to be quite disappointed.disappointed→disappointing
3．He left a deep impression with me and gave me inspiration to pick up my pen again.with→on
4．The woman awarded ＄100 on the boy for saving her son. on→to
5．All vice managers are responsible for the general manager. for→to
6．He has got used to live in the big city now. live→living
7．The match was interrupted on times by rain and lasted for near three hours. on→at
8．This table is too close to the door; it gets on the way. on→in
9．As the whisky took the effect, he gradually fell into a drunk sleep. 去掉第二个the_
10．If you want to do so, you must ask permission first. ask后加for
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I am_responsible_for the matter.It is none of others' business.
这件事由我负责，跟旁人不相干。
2．As a monitor, Mary performs_an_important_role_in our various activities.
作为班长，玛丽在我们各种各样的活动中发挥着重要作用。
3．She represented_her_little_brother_as a fool.
她把她的小弟弟描绘成一个傻瓜。
4．Parents have_the_greatest_effect_on their children's behaviour.
父母对孩子的行为有着最深远的影响。
5．It_was_not_until_the_teacher_came_in that the students stopped chatting.
直到老师进来学生们才停止闲谈。
6．In_some_ways the talented musician is a loser.
在某些方面，这位天才音乐家是个失败者。


本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“音乐与舞蹈”子话题相对应

一、话题语素积累多一点

子话题——音乐与舞蹈

(一)浅易词汇温一温
①live　　　　　 ②famous　　③beat　　　　 ④singer
⑤well­known ⑥cheer ⑦wonderful ⑧music
⑨song ⑩stage ⑪ballet ⑫step
⑬role ⑭ticket ⑮dance ⑯delight
⑰direct ⑱gather

(二)生疏词汇记一记
①lyric n．　　　　歌词　　　 ②instrument n．　乐器
③album n. 专辑 ④ballad n. 民谣
⑤amused adj. 被逗乐的 ⑥release vt. 发行
⑦minor adj. 小调的 ⑧major adj. 大调的
⑨imitation n. 模仿 ⑩melody n. 旋律
⑪choir n. 合唱队 ⑫speaker n. 扬声器
⑬rhythm n. 节奏；律动 ⑭mental adj. 精神上的
⑮physical adj. 身体上的 ⑯entertaining adj. 娱乐的
⑰humorous adj. 幽默的 ⑱comforting adj. 安慰的
⑲relaxed adj. 放松的 ⑳passion n. 热情
accomplish vt. 完成；实现 entertainment n. 娱乐

(三)常用词块忆一忆
①campus songs 校园歌曲
②music composition 音乐作品
③folk dance 民间舞
④corps de ballet 芭蕾舞团
⑤ballet dancer 芭蕾舞演员
⑥dancing partner 舞伴
⑦dance orchestra 伴舞乐队
⑧impress sb.with sth.＝impress sth.on sb.
某物给某人留下印象
⑨put on 上演
⑩street dance 街舞
⑪dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞
⑫be of importance 非常重要
⑬listen to 听
⑭think highly of 高度评价
⑮be of great help 很有帮助
⑯show up 出现
⑰be on show 上演
⑱appeal to 吸引
⑲have a good time 玩得开心
⑳adapt from 根据……改编
come into being 产生，形成
attend a concert 观看演唱会
be popular among ... 受……欢迎
sound system 音响设备
listen to music 听音乐

(四)写作佳句背一背
①Street dancing is referred as the entertainment of poor people before, because it originated from a pastime style of poor black families' children.
②It's said that a famous country music band from America will come to our city to perform this Saturday evening.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
昨天晚上你去莲花体育馆(Lotus Stadium)观看了香港歌星张学友(Jacky Cheung)的演唱会，请你根据以下要点提示写一篇短文。
1．张学友是20世纪80年代走红的香港歌手，他的歌深受大家的欢迎，尤其是“70后”；
2．场内座无虚席，音响设备极佳，张学友的演唱很精彩；
3．演唱会上他边唱边跳，虽然已50多岁了，还是充满激情；
4．虽然天气很热，观众还是很开心，全场欢呼，跟着唱；
5．希望有机会再次参加他的演唱会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句

attend a concert, singer, well­known, song, be popular among, sound system, excellent, wonderful, dance, audience, have a good time, cheer, active, chance　　
1．昨天晚上我观看了演唱会。
I_attended_a_concert_last_night.
2．演唱会是由张学友举办的。
The_concert_was_given_by_Jacky_Cheung.
3．张学友是一位受欢迎的香港歌星。
Jacky_Cheung_is_a_pop_singer_from_Hong_Kong.
4．张学友是在20世纪80年代出名的。
Jacky_Cheung_became_well­known_in_the_1980s.
5．他的歌曲深受大家喜爱，尤其是“70后”。
His_songs_are_very_popular_especially_among_those_who_were_born_in_the_1970s.
6．音乐会场内座无虚席。
There_was_not_a_single_empty_seat_at_the_concert.
7．音响设备很好。
The_sound_system_was_excellent.
8．他的演唱很精彩。
His_singing_was_wonderful.
9．演唱会上他总是边唱边跳。
He_always_danced_while_he_was_singing.
10．夏天天气很热，但是观众很开心。
It_was_very_hot_in_the_summer_time，but_all_the_audience_had_a_very_good_time.
11．我们欢呼，跟着唱每首歌。
We_were_cheering_and_sang_along_to_nearly_every_song.
12．虽然他已50多岁了，还是充满激情。
Although_he_has_been_more_than_50_years_old,_he_is_active.
13．我希望还有机会观看他的演唱会。
I_wish_I_could_have_another_chance_to_attend_his_concert.

第二步：量写够——语句扩充
14．在第1句中加入状语“在莲花体育馆”。
I_attended_a_concert_at_Lotus_Stadium_last_night.
15．在第7句中加入状语“令我们高兴的是”。
To_our_delight,_the_sound_system_was_excellent.
16．在第11句中加入状语“整场音乐会”。
We_were_cheering_and_sang_along_to_nearly_every_song_throughout_the_concert.

第三步：语写美——词句升格
17．用词汇be full of passion替换第12句中active。
Although_he_has_been_more_than_50_years_old,_he_is_full_of_passion.
18．用状语从句的省略改写第9句。
Jacky_Cheung_always_danced_while_singing.
19．用过去分词做定语和同位语合并第2、3句和第14句。
I_attended_a_concert_given_by_Jacky_Cheung,_a_pop_singer_from_Hong_Kong,_at_Lotus_Stadium_last_night.
20．用定语从句合并第4句和第5句。
Jacky_Cheung_became_well­known_in_the_1980s,_whose_songs_are_very_popular_especially_among_those_who_were_born_in_the_1970s.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用what's more， in a word等衔接词连句成文。
I_attended_a_concert_given_by_Jacky_Cheung,_a_pop_singer_from_Hong_Kong,_at_Lotus_Stadium_last_night.Jacky_Cheung_became_well­known_in_the_1980s,_whose_songs_are_very_popular_especially_among_those_who_were_born_in_the_1970s.
There_was_not_a_single_empty_seat_at_the_concert.To_our_delight,_the_sound_system_was_excellent.His_singing_was_wonderful.What's_more,_Jacky_Cheung_always_danced_while_singing.It_was_very_hot_in_the_summer_time,_but_all_the_audience_had_a_very_good_time.We_were_cheering_and_sang_along_to_nearly_every_song_throughout_the_concert.
Although_he_has_been_more_than_50_years_old,_he_is_full_of_passion.In_a_word,_I_wish_I_could_have_another_chance_to_attend_his_concert.



Ⅰ.根据提示填空
In the year 1965 the movie The Sound of Music that was to become one of the most successful ❶productions (作品) in film history was first screened.Following the big success of the ❷stage (舞台) musical The Sound of Music, Robert Wise produced and ❸directed (导演) the film of the same name.In the same year, The Sound of Music was nominated for 10 Oscars and went on to win 5: best film, best director, best sound recording, best script and best musical ❹adaption (adapt)．And then, the real story of The Sound of Music came to be ❺known (know) worldwide.
Born in Vienna, Maria von Kutschera was living in the Benedictine Convent on Nonnberg in Salzburg.She was sent as a governess to the family of Georg Ritter von Trapp to look after his seven children, left motherless after the death of Georg Ritter von Trapp's wife.Shortly after Maria became Baron's wife, she founded a family ❻choir (合唱队) to support the family, and then they became ❼famous (著名的) and popular in Austria.Maria wrote down the story and ❽published (publish) the book, which was turned into a musical and then a famous movie later.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
speakers， listen to， a national star， country music， folk music， popular music， concert， instrument， singer
❶Popular_music in America is what every student likes.Students carry small radios with earphones and ❷listen_to music before class, after class and at lunch.Students with cars buy large ❸speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work.They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people.But most of the radio broadcast is music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money.They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state.Once the popular ❹singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes.Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer.Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her.Now the singer has become ❺a_national_star.
Besides pop music, there are two other kinds of music that is important to Americans.One is called ❻folk_music.It tells stories about the common life of Americans.The other is called western or ❼country_music.This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
Serious music for the ❽concert halls is called classical music.Music for ❾instruments is called orchestra music, such as the symphonies (交响乐) of Beethoven.


一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心

Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be_awarded (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create special designs.
4．(2015·福建高考)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression_(impress) while what you say just 7 per cent.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用quit, talented, identity, disappointment, pick up填空)
1．(2013·北京高考)Lola never thinks about __51__.She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics.Her goal is to reach level 9.____________
2．(2012·湖南高考)Her words made me consider my teeth seriously.The thought of losing my gap was more terrible than the reality that people were going to notice it.I realized how important it was to me.It is part of my __44__.____________
3．(2012·天津高考)I tried __23__ trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change.____________
4．(2011·广东高考)However, this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these adults simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are __13__.____________
5．(2009·江西高考)Paul had to admit that he didn't know where they were.After all, they were a long distance from where they were supposed to be.They were not even sure of where they had set up their camp.They sat in __51__ for a few minutes until Peter had a bright idea.____________
答案：1.quitting　2.identity　3.picking up　4.talented
5．disappointment


二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度

新高考下的命题新视角：当今社会，人们的文化娱乐活动越来越丰富，各类文娱节目充实着人们的日常生活，文娱节目中的“音乐与舞蹈”类话题成为高考命题的热点内容。通过阅读此类话题的文章，考生不但能提升英语学习的能力，而且还可以提升自己的艺术鉴赏力。建议考生多多关注国内外与音乐及舞蹈有关的材料。

[话题感悟]

学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran.“For me, it's the recontextualization.In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”
语篇解读：本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。
28．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A．To remember the birth of jazz.
B．To protect cultural diversity.
C．To encourage people to study music.
D．To recognize the value of jazz.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
解析：选C　代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that 指代上段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。
30．What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?
A．It will disappear gradually.
B．It remains black and white.
C．It should keep up with the times.
D．It changes every 50 years.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same.”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Exploring the Future of Jazz
B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C．The Story of a Jazz Musician
D．Celebrating the Jazz Day
解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
巧用“就近原则”解代词指代题
代词指代题考查依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。人称代词指代的判断要求对it, they, them, she, he等人称代词的正确指代做出判断。指示代词指代判断主要考查对this, these, that, those等指示代词指代意义的判断。历年高考题中代词指代题常出现在人物变换多或动作变换频繁的语境中。解题时，要注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代，即代词指代在性(阴或阳)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。也就是说代词所指代的词通常在本句或其前句中。如上文第29题，根据题干要求，定位在代词that所在的句子“It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.”根据“就近原则”，我们可以得知，画线词that 指代上段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，根据上下文语境，我们不难确定答案为C项。



Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·合肥质检)
Theaters of the Past
The Greek Theater
Theaters developed in many parts of Greece. Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural open­air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time. Due to this, actors placed emphasis on exaggerated (夸张的) action and speech. And colorful symbolic masks and costumes were used.
The Medieval Theater
The Medieval theater started in churches. That's why medieval plays were about Bible stories. At first, it became a custom for priests (牧师) to act out brief scenes during Christmas and Easter. These acts attracted large crowds. Finally the church refused to allow priests to participate in any such events again, so ordinary people began these performances outside. Performances were set in the town square, with several stage settings around it.
The Elizabethan Theater
The England's theater developed rapidly in the years following the defeat of the Spanish Armada. The dominant feature of Elizabethan theater was the stage. It has three parts: The fore stage for outside scenes; the inner stage for scenes inside a building; an upper stage or balcony for various purposes. The reason for this design is that there were no scene changes, or breaks during the play. Very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues. This led to a more poetic script, and poets became the main source of script writing.
The Restoration Theater
Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were really funny. Many specialized machines were used to create the scene. The stage was a very clever idea, in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters (百叶窗) were painted with the scene.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几家过去的剧院。
1．Why were ancient Greek theaters built on hills?
A．To hold a large audience.
B．To build a big and strong stage.
C．To have a better sound effect.
D．To emphasize exaggerated performances.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time”可知，希腊剧院依山而建是为了可以容纳大量的观众，故选A。
2．In which theater could actors' voices and speeches help create scenes?
A．The Greek Theater.
B．The Medieval Theater.
C．The Elizabethan Theater.
D．The Restoration Theater.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues”可知，在伊丽莎白一世时代的剧院里，演员们必须运用声音和对白才能够创造场景，故选C。
3．What is special about the Restoration Theater?
A．Colorful masks were used.
B．The stage was smartly designed.
C．Most of its plays were sorrowful.
D．Ordinary people were the performers.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The stage was a very clever idea, in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters (百叶窗) were painted with the scene”可知，王朝复辟时期的剧院的特别之处在于其巧妙的舞台设计，故选B。
B
(2019·济南模拟)It's OK to say you've never heard of grime — unless you're from the UK. That's because this music was invented in the UK in the early 2000s.
To someone who's not familiar with underground music culture, it's easy to get confused between hip­hop and grime since they are both noisy. And many people didn't bother to tell them apart, until earlier this month when grime stars like Stormzy and J Hus led this year's MOBO Awards — “Music of Black Origin” — nominations (提名) in the UK.
Just like UK electronic music and hip­hop, from which grime drew influence, it mostly reflects the thoughts of young people. But different from hip­hop, grime singers sing in dialects with strong accents, giving a special flavor to their songs.
Lady Leshurr, known as the “Queen of Grime”， said that she once tried to hide her accent, as she didn't want people to judge her. But one day, she realized that she didn't need to change herself just to please others. And there's no doubt that this is the most basic and important quality of grime music: be yourself.
Also different from the hip­hop culture, which usually focuses on being rich, grime singers pay more attention to social phenomena like the European refugee problem and the gap between the rich and poor.
Although still quite young, grime seems to be getting favored by more and more people. In 2016, the English grime artist Skepta won the Mercury Prize with his album Konnichiwa, beating big names like David Bowie and Radiohead. However, no matter whether grime is one day accepted by the mainstream music world or not, one thing is for sure: in grime, singers always stay true to themselves.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了英国的grime音乐。
4．What do hip­hop and grime music have in common?
A．They are originated in the UK.
B．They make a lot of loud noise.
C．They challenge traditional culture.
D．They are full of creative ideas.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“it's easy to get confused between hip­hop and grime since they are both noisy”可知，hip­hop和grime音乐的共同之处在于它们的声音都很大，故选B项。
5．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Electronic music.　　　　 B．Hip­hop.
C．Grime music. D．Black music.
解析：选C　代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Just like UK electronic music and hip­hop”可知，画线词it所指代的音乐与英国electronic music和hip­hop相似，因此it不是指代这两种音乐，故排除A、B选项；根据“But different from hip­hop, grime singers sing in dialects with strong accents, giving a special flavor to their songs”可知，与hip­hop不同，grime歌手用带有浓重口音的方言演唱，赋予了他们的歌曲一种特殊的韵味，因此画线词it指的就是grime音乐，故选C项。
6．What can be learned about grime singers?
A．They care too much about themselves.
B．They refuse to be judged by others.
C．They tend to take social responsibility.
D．They show strong independence qualities.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“grime singers pay more attention to social phenomena like the European refugee problem and the gap between the rich and poor”可知，grime歌手更多地关注社会现象，比如欧洲的难民问题、贫富差距。因此grime歌手承担了社会责任，故选C项。
7．What does Skepta's success suggest?
A．Grime is gradually getting recognized.
B．Singers should try to be themselves.
C．Grime has become mainstream music.
D．It is easy to win the Mercury Prize.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although still quite young, grime seems to be getting favored by more and more people”可知，尽管grime音乐诞生时间不长，但它正在受到越来越多的人的认可与支持，grime歌手Skepta的成功证明了这一点，故选A项。
C
(2019·成都诊断)Beethoven famously composed several masterpieces while he was deaf, but surely even he would be impressed with this piece of research.
A group led by BCI expert Gernot Müller­Putz shows that experiences of quite a different tone can be sounded from BCI. Based on an established BCI method which mainly enables disabled people to write, the team has developed a new application by which music can be composed and transferred (转录) onto a musical score (乐谱), just through the power of thought. All you need is a special cap which measures brain waves, the adapted BCI, a kind of software for composing music, and of course a bit of musical knowledge.
The basic principle of the BCI method used can be briefly described: various options, such as letters or notes, pauses, chords, etc. flash by one after the other in a table. If you've received some training and can focus on the desired option while it lights up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves. The BCI recognises this change and draws conclusions about the chosen option.
18 test people had to “think” melodies onto a musical score. All test subjects were of sound bodily health during the study and had a certain degree of basic musical and compositional knowledge. Following user­centered design guidelines, researchers investigated (调查) the efficiency, the effectiveness and the subjective criteria. The subjective criteria evaluation revealed that users were highly satisfied with the application. “The results of the BCI compositions can really be heard. And what is more important: the test people enjoyed it. The very positive results of the study with bodily healthy test people are the first step in a possible expansion of the BCI composition to patients，” stresses Müller­Putz.
“20 years ago, the idea of composing a piece of music using the power of the mind was unimaginable. Now we can do it, but we still need a bit more time before BCI is mature enough for daily applications.”
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了运用BCI谱曲的研究。
8．What do we know about the new application?
A．It consists of four parts.
B．It's impractical for daily use.
C．It's based on a new method.
D．It's hard for users to handle.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Now we can do it, but we still need a bit more time before BCI is mature enough for daily applications”可推知，此项应用技术还不足以应用于日常生活中，故选B。
9．What should the test subjects do during the test?
A．Watch a screen attentively.
B．Listen to the composed melodies.
C．Make options by moving their eyes.
D．Record their feelings while composing.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“If you've received some training and can focus on the desired option while it lights up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves”可推知，参与测试的人在测试中应集中注意力看屏幕，故选A。
10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The test. B．The musical score.
C．The study. D．The BCI application.
解析：选D　代词指代题。根据第四段的整体内容可知，本段主要讲的是这种新的应用的测试及反馈，由此可推知，画线词it指代的是这种新的应用，故选D。
11．Who will benefit most from the new application?
A．BCI experts. B．Disabled musicians.
C．Music studios. D．Learners of music.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段，并结合全文内容可推知，本文所介绍的这种新的应用会使那些像贝多芬一样残疾的音乐人受益，故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·郑州质检)Helen Keller once wrote, “The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves.” __1__ The UN has set December 5 as International Volunteer Day to give recognition to these people.
Nineteen­year­old Andrew Makhoul was a communications major at the University of Pennsylvania.It was coming up to spring break, but unlike his classmates, Makhoul wasn't planning on spending the break relaxing.__2__
He traveled to Guatemala.He went to an orphanage (孤儿院) in one of the most violent and poor parts of Guatemala City.__3__ Although he didn't speak much Spanish, he found communication wasn't a problem: “You communicated with love.” And what he gave out, he got back: “You could see love when you looked in their eyes.”
Makhoul's first time as a volunteer only lasted a week, but by the end of that week, he knew he'd be back in the future.
__4__ The UN highlighted the case of Palestinian women who are survivors of breast cancer.As part of the UN's Aid and Hope Programme for Cancer Patient Care, the women have been volunteering their time to create low­cost breast prostheses (假体) to be distributed to women for free, among whom Shahd El­Swerki is a brilliant example.__5__ By the end of her time there, she admired these women who are “not only survivors but also volunteers”．
About 2,400 years ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle said, “The essence (本质) of life is to serve others and do good.” Volunteers all around the world are making these words come true, each and every day.
A．It depends upon volunteers to stay open.
B．She worked with the women as part of the programme.
C．Here, we tell two volunteering stories from around the globe.
D．Sometimes, volunteers themselves live with huge challenges.
E．He decided to spend his time doing something useful for people.
F．Volunteers want to do their best to make the world warmer and more beautiful.
G．These words certainly prove true for the millions of volunteers all over the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了志愿活动的意义以及一些志愿者所从事的志愿活动。
1．解析：选G　上文提到Helen Keller的话：为他人带来快乐的无私努力将是我们自己更幸福生活的开始。G项意为“这些话对全世界数以百万计的志愿者来说无疑是真实的”与上文语义衔接。其中unselfish effort与volunteers相呼应，故选G。
2．解析：选E　上文说春假就要开始了，但是和他的同学不同的是，Makhoul不打算把时间花在休息上。E项表示他决定把时间花在为人们做一些有用的事情上，符合语境，故选E。
3．解析：选A　上文说他去危地马拉城，局势最动荡和最贫困的其中一个地区的一家孤儿院，A项表示它依靠志愿者来维持运行。根据常识和语境可知，A项与此处匹配。A项中的It指代上文的an orphanage。
4．解析：选D　下文说乳腺癌的幸存者已经自愿花时间去制作低成本乳房假体，并且免费分发给其他女性(乳腺癌的幸存者)，其中Shahd El­Swerki就是一个杰出的例子。D项表示有时志愿者自己也面临着巨大的挑战，概括准确，故选D。
5．解析：选B　上文提到Shahd El­Swerki是一个乳腺癌幸存者但仍然作为志愿者帮助他人，下文说在那里的一段时间结束后，她钦佩这些女性既是幸存者又是志愿者。故B项“作为项目的一部分，她与这些女性一起工作”，承上启下，符合语境，故选B。