2020版高考英语新设计大一轮人教新高考（浙鲁京琼）版讲义：必修三Unit3



阅读
词汇
请匹配下列单词与其词义
1．fake　　　　A．n.餐后甜点
2．barber B．n.假货；欺骗adj.假的
3．dessert C．n.理发师
4．pavement D．n.海湾
5．bay E．n.人行道
6．nightfall F．n.慈善(团体)；施舍
7．passage G．n.(供煎、烤的)肉块；鱼排；牛排
8．embassy H．n.黄昏
9．charity I．n.船费(包括食宿)；通道；(一)段
10．steak J．n.大使馆；大使及其官员
答案　　1.B　2.C　3.A　4.E　5.D　6.H　7.I　8.J　9.F　10.G

高频词汇
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．bet on horses赌马
2．issue a statement发布声明
3．wander about/over the world漫游世界
4．stare into the distance凝视远方
5．spot a friend in the crowd在人群中认出朋友
6．seek shelter from rain寻找避雨的地方
7．good manners有礼貌
8．a novel idea新奇的想法
9．be contrary to one’s expectation出乎意料
10．the scene of a traffic accident车祸发生的现场
11．a grave fault in a theory理论上的重大缺陷
12．give me an account of your trip告诉我你旅行的情况
拓展词汇
请填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Is this a job for which you are genuinely (genuine) suited?
2．Jobless and penniless(penny), he had to sleep rough in the fields for several months.
3．My husband loves adventurous (adventure) life while I enjoy a more peaceful life.
4．To be honest, the scene woke memories of my boyhood(boy)．
5．Even though they have gained permission(permit) to attend the meeting, they are not permitted to take pictures.
6．He is the most believable person, but on the other hand, how unbelievable it is that he should have believe in the liar.(believe)
7．The policeman’s rudeness aroused people’s anger, so we can’t treat people rudely．(rude)
8．Although the patient was out of patience, the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently．(patience)
必会
短语
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．on__the__contrary与此相反；正相反
2．from__the__bottom__of__one’s__heart发自内心
3．bring__up children抚养孩子
4．find__fault__with others挑剔别人
5．by__accident or by design偶然还是故意
6．as__for your question至于你的问题
7．go__ahead with the plan开始实施这一计划
8．a__large__amount__of mail大量的邮件
9．take__a__chance to go across the river冒险渡河
10．make__a__bet on the football match打赌看这场足球赛谁赢
11．account__for her discontinuing her studies是她辍学的原因
12．stare__at the toys in the shop－window盯着商店橱窗里的玩具
13．the officer on__the__scene在场的警官
14．be dressed in__rags衣衫褴褛
必仿佳句
1.[原句] Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
2．[原句] Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.
3．[原句] The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.




1．[仿写] 我们转过身来时发现小女孩在湖中挣扎，大声呼救。
We turned around and found__a__girl__struggling in the lake, crying for help.
2．[仿写] 每当我去看祖父母时，他们总是拥抱欢迎我。
Whenever__I__visit__my__grandparents,__they always greet me with a hug.
3．[仿写] 他们刚完成工作，就在这时下雨了。
They had__just__finished__the__work__when it rained.

1.permit v．许可；允许；准许 n．通行证；许可证；执照
(1)permit sb to do sth　　　　允许某人做某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
(2)permission n. [U]允许；许可
单句语法填空/句式升级
①They shouldn’t permit parking (park)here; the street is too narrow.
②He asked for permission (permit) to leave the room.
③If weather permits, we will have a picnic tomorrow.
→Weather__permitting，we will have a picnic tomorrow.(独立主格结构)
[佳句背诵] The teacher won’t permit her students to wear jewels.
老师不允许她的学生戴首饰。
[名师指津] 与permit一样，后面直接跟动名词或跟不定式复合结构 (sb to do...)的动词还有allow (允许)，forbid (禁止), advise (建议), encourage (鼓励)等。
2.spot vt.发现；认出；点缀 n．斑点；污点；地点
(1)spot sb doing sth　　　　看到某人正在做某事
be spotted with 满是……的斑点，点缀
(2)on the spot＝on the scene 当场；在现场；立即
单句语法填空/完成句子
①The grass of the forest is__spotted (spot) with small yellow flowers.
②He spotted__his__friend__talking__with__someone(发现他的朋友正在和某个人谈话) over there.
[佳句背诵] The young man, who was the only man on the spot/on the scene, was told to set down what he saw.
这个年轻人是唯一在现场的人，他被告知要把他看到的东西写下来。
3.seek (sought, sought) vt.& vi.寻找；探索；寻求
seek to do sth　　　　试图做某事
seek for/after sth 寻找/追求……
seek one’s fortune 寻找致富之路；碰运气
单句语法填空/完成句子
①We seek to__help (help) every student discover the joy and fulfillment in the obtainment of knowledge.
②Many people spend years seeking for/after the peace of mind, often with little success.
③The fact is that nowadays many young people are__seeking__their__fortune (正寻找致富之路) in big cities.
[名师指津] 表示“寻找”的短语还有：look for, search for, hunt for等。
4.scene n．(戏剧的)一场；场面；景色
on the scene　　　在场；出现；到场
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash.
②The students were able to go behind the scenes (scene) to see how programmes were made.
③In the picture, there’s a scene where/in__which__some__foreign__children__in__grade__one__are__having__a__class (一些外国一年级的孩子们正在上课)．
[名师指津] scene有“场景，场面，地点”的含义，后接定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，一般用关系副词where或in which来引导。
5.contrary n．反面；对立面 adj.相反的；相违的
(1)on the contrary　　　正好相反，与此相反
(2)(be) contrary to 与……相反
单句语法填空/完成句子
①You think you are clever, on the contrary, I assure that you are very foolish.
②Contrary__to__his__parents’__advice(不顾父母的劝告), he gave up his work and went to college again.
6.manner n．礼貌；举止；方式；方法；态度；礼仪；习俗
(1)in a．..manner　　　　以……的方式
(2)manners n. 礼貌；礼仪
It’s bad/good manners to do sth 做……是没有/有礼貌的
单句语法填空
The manner in which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.
[佳句背诵] It’s bad manners to break in while others are speaking.
当别人说话的时候插嘴是不礼貌的。
7.account vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有 n．说明；理由；计算；账目；报道
(1)account for　说明；做出解释；占……(比例)
(2)on account of 由于，因为
on no account 绝不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
take account of＝take...into account/consideration 考虑到……，把……考虑进去
单句语法填空/句式升级
①How do you account for losing five games in a row?
②It’s reported that many flights were delayed on account of the bad weather.
③I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
→I sincerely hope that you will take__my__suggestions__into__account/consideration．
→I sincerely hope that you will take__account__of__my__suggestions．
[佳句背诵] On no account must employees make personal telephone calls from the office.
雇员们决不允许在办公室打私人电话。
8.fault n．过错；缺点；故障
be at fault　　有错；有责任
find fault with 对……吹毛求疵；对……挑毛病
单句语法填空
①Life can be great when you are not busy finding fault with it.
②In my opinion, both of the drivers were at fault.
9.bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
bring about　　　引起；产生；导致；带来
bring down 降低；减少；使倒下
bring in 带进来；赚得；引入
bring out 使显现出；阐明；出版；生产
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中bring up的含义
①He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, which brought down the cost of production.提出
②He left her to bring up three young children on her own.养育
③The greedy child brought up all he had eaten.呕吐
④Mary has no idea how to bring up her children to be independent and self－respecting.教育
10.go ahead前进；(用于祈使句)可以/随便；往下说

go ahead with sth　继续做某事
ahead of... 领先……；在……前面；早于……
ahead of time＝in advance 提前
单句语法填空/完成句子
①There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now.
②We completed the work five__days__ahead__of__time/in__advance(提前五天)．
11.take a chance冒险；试图做某事；碰运气
take a chance＝take one’s chance/take chances　碰运气
by chance＝by accident 偶然；碰巧
单句语法填空/句式升级
①I don’t think it will work, but I’ll take a chance and try it.
②I chanced to meet her one night and got her email address.
→I met__her__by__chance/accident one night and got her email address.
12.Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever__you__like.
真的，先生，我希望您随时光临。
(1)whenever, wherever, however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how
(2)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom
(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句
单句语法填空/句式升级
①Whatever (what) you do, don’t be a bystander.
②However great the difficulties are, we must complete the task in time.
→No__matter__how__great__the__difficulties__are,__we must complete the task in time.
[佳句背诵] Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
不论谁违规都必须受罚。

Ⅰ.阅读——教材VS高考之一
This novel was about a ①genuine adventure.A black American businessman lost his money and passport wrapped in an envelope while idling on the pavement near a bay.He went to the ②embassy to seek help, but the ambassador didn’t offer help.Their rude manners and ③impatient attitudes made him understand that his skin colour accounted for their refusal.He had to take a chance to sail home.Difficulties never stopped him.On the ④contrary, he went ahead harder.A month later, he ⑤spotted a ship and screamed for help.Finally he got aboard the ship, on which he earned his ⑥passage by working as a barber till he landed in America.
1．写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义
①adj.真的　　　　②n.大使馆
③adj.不耐烦的 ④n.反面；对立面
⑤vt.发现 ⑥n.船费(包括食宿)
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined “idling”？
A．seeking B．screaming
C．bowing D．wandering
答案　D
Ⅱ.完形——教材VS高考之二
This morning, I was wandering in the street when I noticed a terrible __1__．A car knocked down a man in rags and tried to run away.I happened to __2__ the number of the car.Soon after some policemen came on the scene, and the driver was caught.He __3__ his behaviour, but the police didn’t permit him to leave.The police looked into the case and said that it was the driver’s __4__．There was a chance that the driver would be sentenced to prison.From the bottom of my heart, I hope every driver won’t __5__ while driving a car.
1．A.scene B．bet
C．charity D．adventure
2．A.issue B．seek
C．spot D．account
3．A.brought up B．stared at
C．found fault with D．accounted for
4．A.pavement B．passage
C．fault D．manner
5．A.take a chance B．make a bet
C．go ahead D．bring down
答案　1.A　2.C　3.D　4.C　5.A
Ⅲ.语法填空——教材VS高考之三
Dan Brown was an American novel author.His birthplace was in New York.He 1.was__brought(bring) up on a farm.When he was a child, he dreamed of adventuring.2.Wandering(wander) on the pavement, he came across a businessman who permitted him to work for a newspaper.Every day he 3.stared(stare) at the newspaper to find out what was wrong with the words and phrases.Later, he decided 4.to__take(take) a chance to seek fortune.He suffered a lot.He was once in rags and behaved in rude 5.manners(manner) and even screamed to others.As for his experience, everyone thought he was a failure.On 6.the contrary, he earned enough passage and he determined to take on a new look.By accident, he became a reporter.Indeed, it’s his 7.patience(patient) and genuine attitudes to life that accounted 8.for his unbelievable success.He always said, “Go ahead! Luck is waiting for you！”
Ⅳ.写作——教材VS高考之四
假如你是李华，要为校报写一篇介绍马克·吐温(Mark Twain)的文章。根据下面提示写一篇人物简介。
1．职业：作家；
2．经历：在密西西比河(Mississippi)河畔的密苏里州(Missouri)长大，后来当水手，喜欢写作；
3．评价：美国19世纪最著名的作家之一。
注意：1.词数不少于60；
2．至少使用5个所提示的关键词语。
提示词：best－known, bring up, boyhood, take a chance, permit, writing, a large amount of, humor, account for
【参考范文】
Mark Twain, one of the best－known American writers in the nineteenth century, was brought up in Missouri along the Mississippi River, where he spent his boyhood.Later, he took a chance to work as a sailor on a river boat, which was not permitted by his family at first.At that time, he found himself interested in writing, and he decided to become a writer, which helped him make a large amount of money.There is a sense of humor in his works, which accounted for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·杭州四中模拟)Thomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2, 1840，in Dorsetshire, England.He died on January 11, 1928.In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to a London architect, winning a prize for design.The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.
For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twenty－seven, he turned to fiction.His first novel finished by 1867, but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it.After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel Desperate Remedies appeared in 1871.During the next twenty－five years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories.
Under the Greenwood Tree (1872) was never surpassed (超越)in happy and delicate perfection of art.This and his next novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873), began to show deep irony (讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardy’s writings.
Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) was his first popular success.It shows Hardy’s amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story.This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure.Not until he was fifty－eight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixty－four when the first part of his drama The Dynasts surprised the literary world.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品。
1．How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?
A．He could practice writing while working.
B．He made a lot of money to support his writing.
C．He found material for his novels and poems.
D．He applied architectural knowledge in his novels.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The fine descriptions...his architectural training”可知，在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中。故选D项。]
2．What is Thomas Hardy’s Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?
A．One of his masterworks.
B．His first popular success.
C．His best novel in perfection of art.
D．One of his best collections of poems.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Under the Greenwood Tree(1872)was never surpassed(超越)in happy and delicate perfection of art”可知，《绿树林下》在艺术的恰当和熟练方面从未被超越。]
3．Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?
A．Desperate Remedies
B．A Pair of Blue Eyes
C．Tess of the d’Urbervilles
D．The Dynasts
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“This was the earliest of...and Jude the Obscure”可知，Tess of the d’Urbervilles是性格和环境小说，故选C。]
B
What is a book nowadays in a world of Kindles and iPads? Traditional publishers are traveling a long and confusing road into the digital future.Here’s the conventional wisdom about publishing：People expect e－books to be cheaper than physical books，and that drives down prices.But the story’s not that simple.For one thing，digital publishers have the same problem that traditional publishers do：piracy(盗版)．

It turns out，though，that some publishers are doing pretty well despite the piracy problem.“We’ve had an amazing year，”says Sourcebooks President Dominique Raccah.“Last year was the best year in the company’s history.This year we beat that，which I didn’t think was even possible.”Raccah adds that her company is doing well because of digital publishing.
It turns out there are some huge advantages—at least for publishers.A big one：The price of an e－book isn’t fixed the way it is with physical books.Ten years ago，a publisher would have sent out its books to the bookstore with the price stamped on the cover.After that，it was done—the publisher couldn’t put a book on sale to sell more copies.
“The exciting thing about digital books is that we actually get to test and price differently，”Raccah says.That’s what American publisher Little，Brown and Company did with Robert Dallek’s book An Unfinished Life：John F．Kennedy.In the middle of November，Little，Brown and Company dropped the price from $9.99 to $2.99 for 24 hours.“That sparks (引发)sales；it gets people talking about it，”says Terry Adams，a publisher with Little，Brown and Company.
If you read the new e－book 40 Years of Queen，you’ll find it full of links.Links to iTunes，where you can buy the music you’ve been reading about.That’s another huge advantage of e－books：Publishers can sell you things inside your book.
There’s still one big problem putting pressure on publishers.“We actually don’t have a good gifting tradition yet for e－books，”says Raccah.Despite all the advance in reading technology，physical books are still the best Christmas presents.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章讨论了电子书与纸质书各自的优势与劣势。
4．How does Raccah feel about her company’s achievement this year?
A．It’s far beyond her expectations.
B．It’s just what she predicted.
C．It’s less than satisfactory.
D．It’s really disappointing.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的This year we beat that，which I didn’t think was even possible可知，今年公司的业绩远远超出Raccah的期望值。]
5．Why does the author mention publishing 10 years ago?
A．To stress it had its own advantage.
B.To show its marketing was not flexible.
C．To indicate the unpopularity of physical books.
D．To complain about the changing prices of books.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的Ten years ago...to sell more copies可知，十年前，书籍的价格不能被灵活修改，可见当时的销售方式不够灵活。]
6．What do we know about An Unfinished Life：John F．Kennedy?
A．It was written by John F．Kennedy.
B．It caused disagreements among buyers.
C．It was sold at a different price every week.
D．It was sold at a huge discount for one day.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的In the middle of...to $2.99 for 24 hours可知，这本书在一段时间内折扣力度很大。]
7．What can you do while reading the new e－book 40 Years of Queen?
A．Buy items mentioned in the book.
B．Listen to music in the book for free.
C．Find links to other relevant books.
D．Get some background information.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的Links to iTunes，where you can buy the music you’ve been reading about...Publishers can sell you things inside your book可知，读这本书时可以通过链接购买书中提到的一些物品。]
C
Last year，my mother brought out an old college－ruled notebook：one of the journals in which she has kept a record of all the dinner parties she has hosted since 1976.I have a similar journal.But I am a writer，and she is a chemist.Mine features descriptions and feelings about the dinners I’ve hosted，while hers reads like laboratory notes—just the meal plan and who was invited.
“Salmon mousse(慕斯)，”she announced，reading the first entry.“My God，I must have made that a hundred times.Do you remember them？”I did not.But I did remember that salmon mousse.
Old friends came and went in her journal.New favorites joined the menu.My husband’s name first shows up in 1997，along with a meal of just hors d’oeuvres because he loved it.My sister－in－law’s name arrived in 2006，and with it，all shellfish disappeared from family menus—she would get sick after eating it.There is my mother’s partner，Ruth，who appeared in 1991，signaling almost five years of vegetarian(素食主义者) dishes before she gave in to my mother’s ham.And there is my father，who，despite being her ex－husband，appeared every year after their divorce.
While my mother has always written in her journal before a dinner party，I write in mine afterward.In my mother’s books，everything is clear.Hers passes from early motherhood through divorce and the deaths of friends without a break.I，on the other hand，have three entire years unaccounted for.I see her journals and am envious: By 45，I should not be winging it at dinner.I should practice with old favorites.I should have a salmon mousse.
And so I am putting this decision into practice at a dinner party for writer friends.The menu is already written in my book.To start，a favorite of mine has already been cured in the fridge: salmon gravlax.And for this I must apologize to my mother：It is as close as I can get.I love you；I do.But I have always hated that salmon mousse.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了妈妈几十年坚持写晚宴日志的故事。
8．What can we know from Paragraph 3?
A．The writer’s husband is a vegetarian.
B．The writer’s sister－in－law is allergic to shellfish.
C．Ruth didn’t like the ham made by the writer’s mom.
D．The writer’s father never came back home since his divorce.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“all shellfish disappeared from family menus—she would get sick after eating it”可知，她一吃贝类动物就生病，即她对贝类动物过敏。]
9．How can we describe the writer’s mother?
A．Considerate and strong－minded.
B．Stubborn but organized.
C．Outgoing and generous.
D．Warm－hearted but disloyal.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“she has kept a record of all...has hosted since 1976”及第四段中的“Hers passes from...without a break”可知，作者的妈妈几十年从不间断记录晚宴，所以她是一个意志坚强的人；再结合第三段提到的她对不同的人做不同的菜肴，照顾他们的口味可知，她是一个体贴的人。故选A项。]
10．Why does the author write this passage?
A．To show her love for her mother.
B．To put her decision into practice.
C．To compare two different journals.
D．To express her hate for salmon mousse.
答案　A　[写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者带着对妈妈的敬意和爱写下了这篇文章，文章结尾的“I love you；I do”更是表明了作者对妈妈的爱。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Benefits of Reading
Recently I’ve been on a huge reading kick，checking out anything I can get my hands on in the library.__1__ Here are a few of my favourite ways that reading has improved my quality of life，and will certainly improve yours.
·Reducing stress.
Where I might have had a stressful day，a book can easily refresh me.Fiction is fantastic for this.Reading an awesome fiction book is perfect right before bed time，though sometimes it’s hard to put the book down if it’s really good.__2__
·Improved memory.
I have an awful memory.I usually can’t remember what I’ve eaten for breakfast，let alone things like names and addresses.Yet I’ve been finding that I can remember things much easier when I’ve been reading consistently.__3__ Not really.But I’d say it’s a pretty safe bet that reading has somehow improved my memory.
· Increased vocabulary.
__4__ It’s no secret.But did you know that reading increases your vocabulary more than talking or direct teaching? In fact，language in children’s books is likely to be more fantastic than average conversation.Increased vocabulary is especially important for bloggers or writers.
·__5__
This isn’t much of a surprise，considering that reading improves vocabulary and critical thinking.I feel like a better writer，as I’m constantly surrounding myself with works from people who are better than me.That’s why English classes in high school make you read “the classics”．The more you read, the better of a writer you’ll become.
A．Still，you’ll be relaxed.
B．Improved writing skills.
C．Helping broaden horizon.
D．Isn’t it surprising that reading reduces stress?
E．Do I have any scientific data to match this up?
F．Reading increases your vocabulary and improves your spelling.
G．The act of reading every day has helped me in nearly every aspect of my life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读的好处。
1．G　[空前说明了作者最近在进行大量的阅读，空后说了阅读给自己的生活带来了几点好处，所以，空处内容应与“读书带给我的益处”有关。结合选项可知选G“每天的阅读对我生活的方方面面都有帮助”。]
2．A　[此处应对上文做出总结，这一部分主要介绍阅读可以减少压力，再结合选项可知A“还有，你会很放松的”符合上下文语境。]
3．E　[根据空后“Not really...improved my memory.”可知，空处应是对后面内容的提问，再结合备选项可知E项“我有一些科学资料与之相匹配吗？”符合语境。]
4．F　[根据本段小标题Increased vocabulary可知，这段内容主要介绍阅读的好处——增加词汇量，结合选项可知选F“阅读增加你的词汇量，提高拼写能力”。]
5．B　[本题考查段落小标题。根据“I feel like a better writer”及本段内容可知，这段主要在介绍阅读可以提高写作技能，故选B。]