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2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习外研全国版讲义：选修8Module1DeepSouth
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．gravity n． 重力，地心引力
2．commercial adj. 商业的
3．radioactive adj. (具有)放射性的
4．portable adj. 轻便的；便携的
5．isolated adj. 孤单的，孤立的
6．luxury n. 奢侈品
7．canteen n. (工厂学校等的)食堂，餐厅
8．laundry n. 待洗的衣物
9．conventional adj. 常规的；普通的
10．fragile adj. 脆弱的；易碎的
11．battery n. 电池
12．ecology n. 生态；生态学
13．inhabit v. 居住
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．annual adj. 每年的
2．state n．[纵联1] 状态；状况
3．adapt v. (使)适应
4．balance v．[纵联2] 使平衡
5．trap v. 储存，留存；使陷入困境
6．voyage n. (乘船的)旅行，航行
7．severe adj. 艰难的，艰巨的
8．dormitory n. 宿舍；寝室
9．emergency n．[纵联3] 紧急情况；突发事情
10．privilege n. 荣幸
11．intense adj. 强烈的
12．insight n. 洞察力，眼光
13．eyesight n. 视力；目力
14．flower v. 开花
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．explorer n．探险者→explore v．探险；探索；勘探→exploration n．探险；探索；(对某地区的)勘查
2．depth n．深度→deep adj.& adv.深的；深深地→deeply adv.强烈地；深刻地→deepen v．加深；深化
3．extreme adj.极端的，极度的→extremely adv.极端地，极其；非常
4．ceremonial adj.仪式性的；正式的→ceremony n．仪式
5．promote v．促进，增进；提升→promotion n．晋级；促进；提升 [纵联4]
6．abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的→(反义词)normal adj.正常的
7．absence n．缺乏；没有→absent adj.缺席的，不在的
8．tiresome adj.烦人的，令人讨厌的→tired adj.厌烦的；疲倦的
9．depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→depress v．使沮丧；使萧条→depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的→depression n．沮丧；不景气，萧条(期)
10．discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头→discouraging adj.令人沮丧的→discouraged adj.沮丧的→discouragement n．泄气；使人泄气的人/事
11．reliability n．可靠性→reliable adj.可信赖的→rely v．依靠；信赖
12．inspiration n．鼓舞；启示；灵感→inspire v．鼓舞；激励→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
纵联1.“状态，状况”名词各不同
①state状态，状况 ②status状态，情形
③condition状态，情况 ④situation状况，形势
⑤circumstance情况，环境
纵联2.以ance结尾名词集锦
①balance平衡 ②acquaintance熟人；相识
③advance发展；前进 ④allowance津贴，零用钱；允许
⑤ambulance救护车 ⑥finance财政；金融
⑦assistance协助；援助 ⑧importance重要性；重要
纵联3.以ency结尾的高频名词集锦
①emergency紧急情况 ②efficiency效率；功率
③tendency趋向；趋势 ④fluency流利；流畅
⑤frequency频率 ⑥urgency紧急
纵联4.“职场经历”有感悟
①promotion晋级 ②employment雇用
③appointment任命 ④interview面试
⑤dismissal解雇 ⑥unemployment失业
单元话题——地理环境
子话题1 天气与气候
①climate n．气候 ②haze n．雾霾
③mist n．薄雾 ④frost n．霜
⑤drizzle n．小雨；毛毛雨 ⑥breeze n．微风
⑦tornado n．龙卷风 ⑧shower n．阵雨
⑨mild adj.温和的，暖和的 ⑩damp adj.& n．潮湿(的)
⑪chilly adj.寒冷的 ⑫freezing adj.冻结的；极冷的
子话题2 地理风貌
①ocean n．海洋，大海 ②continent n．大陆，大洲
③stream n．小河；溪流 ④range n．山脉
⑤valley n．山谷，溪谷 ⑥desert n．沙漠
⑦jungle n．丛林，密林 ⑧remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2017·北京高考阅读B)Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make — the magazine also explores❶ philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a ___❷__(balance) take on life.
①写出explore在句中的含义：调查研究；探讨；其在本单元中的名词形式为：exploration和explorer
②用balance的正确形式填空：balanced
2．(2013·湖北高考阅读B)A child of the Depression❶ (大萧条), Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury❷ for girls.
①写出Depression在本单元中的同根形容词：depressing，意为：令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的
②写出luxury在句中的含义：奢侈品；其形容词形式为：luxurious
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译或补全句子)
1．(2014·浙江高考书面表达)读书除了获取知识外，我们还为了乐趣和灵感而读书。(inspiration)
In_addition_to_reading_for_knowledge,_we_read_for_fun_and_inspiration.
2．(2013·江西高考书面表达)它不仅使我们接近大自然，使我们从繁重的学习中放松，它也增进了我们的友谊。(promote)
Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted_the_friendship_among_us.
3．(2012·福建高考书面表达)如果所有到仙女湖公园的游客都像这对夫妇这样做，那么这个湖将会被严重污染，很快就会变成一个巨大的垃圾箱。(severe)
If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will_be_severely_polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．state n．状态；状况；国家；政府；州v.陈述；声明
[记牢]
(1)in a(n) ... state ＝ in a state of ... 处于……的状态
a good state of health/mind 良好的健康状况/心态
(2)It is stated that ... 据说……，据称……
(3)statement n. 说明；声明；陈述
make a statement 发表声明
[练通] 单句语法填空
①It is stated that the president made a statement (state) announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.
②She is in a poor state of health, which worries her mother very much.
[写美] 翻译句子
③面对失败，最重要的是要保持良好的心态。
In_the_face_of_failure,_it_is_the_most_important_to_keep_a_good_state_of_mind.
2．trap v．储存，留存；使困住；使陷入圈套；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套
[记牢]
(1)trap sb.into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事
be/get trapped in 被困在……中，陷入困境
(2)fall into the trap (of doing sth.) 落入(做某事的)圈套
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Don't fall into_the trap of investing all your money in one place.
②The shopkeeper trapped me into_buying (buy) their poor quality milk.
补全句子
③(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had_been_trapped in the mountains for two days.
一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
[写美] 翻译句子
④更糟的是，我读英语时，我经常被一些不认识的单词困住。
What's_worse,_when_I_read_English,_I_am_often_trapped_in_the_unknown_words.
[联想] 表示“被困在……中”的短语还有：
①be/get locked in ②be/get caught in
③be/get stuck in ④be/get blocked in
3．promote v．促进，增进；晋升；提升；宣传，推销
[记牢]
(1)promote sb.(from sth.) to sth. 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位
promote sth. to ... 把某物推销给
(2)promotion n. 提升，晋级，促进
[练通] 单句语法填空
①“Once I get a promotion (promote), I'll be happy, ” they think.
②While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③Pupils who pass the test will be promoted_to the next higher grade.
[写美] 补全句子
④公众的分享和关爱意识将会得到进一步提升。
The public awareness of sharing and caring is to_be_further_promoted.
4．discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头；使气馁
[记牢]
(1)discourage sb.from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的
discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
discouragement n． 泄气；挫折；阻止；使人泄气的人/事
[练通] 单句语法填空
①We discouraged him from giving up the job last month.
②Do not let any failures discourage (courage) you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Yet instead of being discouraged (discourage) by my slow progress, I was excited.
[写美] 补全句子
④(2015·福建高考书面表达)故事的寓意是：努力获取知识，无论处境多么艰难都不要轻易气馁。
The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and_never_get_discouraged_easily_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I wanted to invite you to join in the annual (每年的) English evening.
2．Every one agrees that a good state (状态) of mind is the base of success.
3．All in all, I hope you can adapt (使适应) yourself to the new environment.
4．Tom is determined to go on a voyage_ (航行) across the Atlantic Ocean again.
5．I'm writing to kindly remind you of the_dormitory (宿舍) rules.
6．It is my great privilege (荣幸) to say something on behalf of all the students.
7．What makes his books stand out from other English writers is his insight (洞察力) into human nature.
8．In the_absence (缺乏) of actual data，no reliance can be placed on such figures.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The lift broke down and we were_trapped (trap) in it.
2．He got rapid promotion (promote), and ended up as a manager.
3．It's a great privilege to_know (know) you, a worldfamous physics scientist.
4．It is extremely (extreme) cold outside, so you'd better put on more clothes if you go out.
5．It was his absence (absent) of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.
6．In the long run, one should save money for_emergencies_ (emerge)．
7．Inspired (inspire) by the speech, the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.
8．All the students are advised to keep a balanced (balance) diet for their health.
9．They thought his behavior was abnormal (normal), for he didn't behave as usual.
10．There was a depressing (depress) feeling in the office when the news of job cuts was announced.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．声明很清楚，这些规则适用于社区的每一个人，没有例外。 (state)
It_is_clearly_stated_that these regulations apply to everyone in the community, without exception.
2．就是在这个村子里他救出了被困在洪水中的11个人。(trap)
It was in this village that he saved 11 people who_were_trapped_in_the_flood.
3．他正在向学生推销他的新书。(promote)
He is promoting_his_new_book_to_students.
4．他的话令人泄气，这也使很多人泄了气。(discourage)
His words are_discouraging,_which made_many_people_discouraged.
5．没人确切地知道火灾何时会发生，因此在火灾发生前做好准备极其必要。(extreme)
No one knows for sure when a fire will happen, so it_is_extremely_necessary_to_make_preparations before a fire starts.
(一)课前自主学习
1．set_foot_on_ 进入，到达，踏上
2．in_case_of [串记1] 如果；假使；以免
3．on_average 平均
4．be_made_up_of 由……组成
5．be_fond_of [串记2] 喜欢
6．stand_out 杰出；突出；显眼
7．adapt_to 适应
8．come_into_sight 进入视野，出现在眼前
9．come_up_with [串记3] 想出；提出
10．keep_one's_promise 信守诺言
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“in＋n.＋of”短语面面观
①in case of 如果；假使；以免
②in defence of 保卫；为……辩护
③in (the) face of 面临；面对
④in honour of 为纪念……
⑤in view of 鉴于，由于
⑥in search of 寻找
串记2.“喜欢”聚在一起
①be fond of喜欢 ②be keen on喜欢
③care for喜欢 ④go for喜欢
串记3.“v.＋up with”短语汇总
①come up with想出；提出 ②keep up with跟上
③catch up with跟上 ④end up with以……结束
⑤put up with忍耐；忍受；熬过 ⑥fill up with用……填满
1．from east to west 从东到西
2．be full of wildlife 野生动物众多
3．last for 182 days 持续182天
4．lack of rainfall 缺乏降雨
5．close to 100 years ago 将近100年前
6．leave for the Antarctic 离开前往南极洲
7．survive on 靠……生存
8．be situated on 位于……上
9．set off_ 出发；动身
10._in great detail 极其详细地
1．Covering_about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world.
它(南极洲)覆盖了南极周围约1 400万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。
2．Not_until_the_late_18th_century_did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.
直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。
3．Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the_first_man_to_set_foot_on the Antarctic mainland.
后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2016·北京高考完形填空)By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome's town officials came_up_with (提出) a plan.
2．(2011·湖北高考完形填空)Now Maja was ready to_keep_her_promise (信守诺言)．
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(翻译句子)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)实际上，我很喜欢唐诗。
Actually_I_am_very_fond_of_Tang_poems.
2．(2013·湖北高考写作)直到那时我才意识到话语在积极和消极两方面都可能很强大。(not until 置于句首的倒装句)
Not_until_then_did_I_realize_words_could_be_powerful_in_both_positive_and_negative_ways.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．stand out突出；显眼；杰出
[记牢]
stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand for 代表；主张；象征；表示；忍受
stand up 站起来；(论点、证据等)站得住脚；经得起(常与to连用)
stand up for 支持；维护(权利)
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
①The pigeon and olive branch stand for peace.
②The hotel we stayed at during our holidays stands by the seaside.
③Everyone stood up the moment the hero came into the lecture hall.
④Smiling is a great way to make you stand out in a job interview.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤作为我们国家的公民，在选举中维护我们的合法权利是我们的责任和义务。
As citizens of our country, it is our duty and responsibility to_stand_up_for_the_legal_rights of our own in the election.
2．in case of如果；假使；万一；以免
[记牢]
in no case 无论如何不；决不
in most cases 多数情况下
in case (that) ... 万一；以防……
in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
as is often the case 情况往往如此
[练通] 单句语法填空
①In most cases (case), it is because these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing.
②There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.
③The sign reads “In case of fire, break the glass and push the red button.”
[用准] (1)in case后常常接句子；in case of后常常接名词。(2)in no case位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
[写美] 补全句子
④(2018·浙江高考写作)我紧紧抓住绳子以防我可能会掉下去。
I held the rope tightly in_case_I_might_fall_off.
[句式集释]
序数词后接动词不定式作后置定语
[教材原句] Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the_first_man_to_set_foot_on the Antarctic mainland.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In 1931, Addams became the_first_American_woman_to_win the Nobel Peace Prize.
1931年，亚当斯成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国妇女。
(2)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the_only_way_for_us_to_survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。
(3)The students are looking forward to having_an_opportunity_to_explore_society for reallife experience.
学生们正在盼望有机会探索社会以获得真实生活经验。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)the first＋n.＋to do sth.第一个做某事的……
(2)the only＋n.＋ to do sth.唯一一个做某事的……
(3)抽象名词＋to do sth.
注意事项
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
[背写作佳句]
(1)She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.(要点句)
(2)If I have the chance to donate, I will also help the students with financial problems. (总结句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
set foot on， in case of， on average， stand out， adapt to， come up with， be fond of， keep one's promise
1．Painted red, the building stands_out among the rest and looks very attractive.
2．The company has spent 10 million yuan on_average in medical research in the last three years.
3．You should have apologized for not having kept_your_promise.
4．They were filled with joy when they set_foot_on China soil in late July.
5．If you know first aid methods, you can be calmer and more helpful in_case_of emergency.
6．Since people are_fond_of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
7．Having discussed the problem all afternoon, they finally came_up_with a solution to it.
8．If plants were moved from one habitat to the other type of habitat, they changed their appearance and adapted_to the new environment.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．莫言是中国第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的作家。(the＋序数词＋不定式)
Mo Yan is the_first_writer_to_win the Nobel Prize in Literature in China.
2．直到他面试失败，他才意识到自信是多么重要。(not until 置于句首的倒装句)
Not_until_he_had_failed_in_the_job_interview_did_he_realize how important confidence was.
3．看着这张照片，我不禁怀念起我的中学时光来。(现在分词作伴随状语)
Looking_at_the_picture,_I couldn't help missing my middle school days.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你从报纸上看到一则有关大学生张明的报道，他组建了一支南极志愿者探险队并担任队长去南极探险，虽在南极遭遇暴风雪但最终获救。请你用英语写一篇短文简要介绍张明的经历。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：南极志愿者探险队Antarctic volunteer expedition
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是一篇叙事类记叙文。写作时要交待清楚时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。时态是一般过去时，人称是第三人称。根据题目的描述可归纳出两个要点。要点1介绍张明的情况及进行探险的背景；要点2叙述探险经历。其中，要点1可以从张明组建探险队及其在队中的表现写起，然后点明他成为探险队的一员，为下文介绍张明的经历做铺垫。要点2描述一下张明刚开始探险的感受以及简要提及他的探险队遭遇暴风雪并最终获救的事情。
要点1－①：张明是一位大学生。上个月，他组建了一支南极志愿者探险队。(expedition)
Zhang_Ming_is_a_university_student._He_set_up_an_Antarctic_volunteer_expedition_last_month.
要点1－②：张明在众多志愿者中表现突出。他被晋升为探险队的队长。(stand out, promote)
Zhang_Ming_stood_out_in_many_volunteers._He_was_promoted_to_the_leader_of_the_expedition.
要点1－③：张明很幸运地成为首批去南极的大学生探险者之一。
Zhang_Ming_was_so_lucky_that_he_became_one_of_the_first_college_student_explorers_to_go_to_the_Antarctic.
要点2－①：刚开始时，他很不适应那儿的环境。(adapt to)
At_the_beginning,_he_didn't_adapt_to_the_conditions_there.
要点2－②：他和队友们曾经被困在暴风雪中。(trap)
Once_he_and_his_teammates_were_trapped_in_a_snowstorm.
要点2－③：他没有灰心丧气，而是坚持下来，最终他们获救了。(discourage)
He_didn't_get_discouraged_but_got_through_it._Finally,_they_were_saved.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
对初步拟定的要点可进行扩充，使内容更丰富，使句式更多样。例如：要点1－①可以用a university student作同位语升级句子。要点1－②中可增加“由于曾经接受过严格训练”作原因状语；要点2－①中可增添“当他踏上南极大陆时”；要点2－②可补充“在零下30℃的野外几乎失去知觉”这一细节。
升级要点1－①：张明是一位大学生。上个月，他组建了一支南极志愿者探险队。(使用同位语升级句子)
Zhang_Ming,_a_university_student,_set_up_an_Antarctic_volunteer_expedition_last_month.
升级要点1－②：由于曾经接受过严格训练，张明在众多志愿者中表现突出。他被晋升为探险队的队长。(用现在分词短语作状语)
Having_been_trained_strictly,_Zhang_Ming_stood_out_in_many_volunteers._He_was_promoted_to_the_leader_of_the_expedition.
拓展要点2－①：当他刚开始踏上南极大陆时，他很不适应那儿的环境。(用when引导的状语从句； set foot on)
At_the_beginning,_he_didn't_adapt_to_the_conditions_there_when_he_set_foot_on_the_Antarctica.
拓展要点2－②：他和队友们曾经被困在暴风雪中，在零下30℃的野外几乎失去知觉。(numb; minus)
Once_he_and_his_teammates_were_trapped_in_a_snowstorm,_almost_numb_at_minus_30℃_in_the_open_air.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文写作可按照事件发展的先后顺序来写，所以行文时按照上述各要点表述顺序即可。另外要点1－②中的两个句子可用as a result进行衔接，这样可使文章语意连贯，过渡自然。
Zhang_Ming,_a_university_student,_set_up_an_Antarctic_volunteer_expedition_last_month._Having_been_trained_strictly,_Zhang_Ming_stood_out_in_many_volunteers._As_a_result,_he_was_promoted_to_the_leader_of_the_expedition._Zhang_Ming_was_so_lucky_that_he_became_one_of_the_first_college_student_explorers_to_go_to_the_Antarctic._At_the_beginning,_he_didn't_adapt_to_the_conditions_there_when_he_set_foot_on_the_Antarctica._Once_he_and_his_teammates_were_trapped_in_a_snowstorm,_almost_numb_at_minus_30℃_in_the_open_air._He_didn't_get_discouraged_but_got_through_it._Finally,_they_were_saved.
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．gravity n． 重力，地心引力
2．commercial adj. 商业的
3．radioactive adj. (具有)放射性的
4．portable adj. 轻便的；便携的
5．isolated adj. 孤单的，孤立的
6．luxury n. 奢侈品
7．canteen n. (工厂学校等的)食堂，餐厅
8．laundry n. 待洗的衣物
9．conventional adj. 常规的；普通的
10．fragile adj. 脆弱的；易碎的
11．battery n. 电池
12．ecology n. 生态；生态学
13．inhabit v. 居住
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．annual adj. 每年的
2．state n．[纵联1] 状态；状况
3．adapt v. (使)适应
4．balance v．[纵联2] 使平衡
5．trap v. 储存，留存；使陷入困境
6．voyage n. (乘船的)旅行，航行
7．severe adj. 艰难的，艰巨的
8．dormitory n. 宿舍；寝室
9．emergency n．[纵联3] 紧急情况；突发事情
10．privilege n. 荣幸
11．intense adj. 强烈的
12．insight n. 洞察力，眼光
13．eyesight n. 视力；目力
14．flower v. 开花
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．explorer n．探险者→explore v．探险；探索；勘探→exploration n．探险；探索；(对某地区的)勘查
2．depth n．深度→deep adj.& adv.深的；深深地→deeply adv.强烈地；深刻地→deepen v．加深；深化
3．extreme adj.极端的，极度的→extremely adv.极端地，极其；非常
4．ceremonial adj.仪式性的；正式的→ceremony n．仪式
5．promote v．促进，增进；提升→promotion n．晋级；促进；提升 [纵联4]
6．abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的→(反义词)normal adj.正常的
7．absence n．缺乏；没有→absent adj.缺席的，不在的
8．tiresome adj.烦人的，令人讨厌的→tired adj.厌烦的；疲倦的
9．depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→depress v．使沮丧；使萧条→depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的→depression n．沮丧；不景气，萧条(期)
10．discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头→discouraging adj.令人沮丧的→discouraged adj.沮丧的→discouragement n．泄气；使人泄气的人/事
11．reliability n．可靠性→reliable adj.可信赖的→rely v．依靠；信赖
12．inspiration n．鼓舞；启示；灵感→inspire v．鼓舞；激励→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
纵联1.“状态，状况”名词各不同
①state状态，状况 ②status状态，情形
③condition状态，情况 ④situation状况，形势
⑤circumstance情况，环境
纵联2.以ance结尾名词集锦
①balance平衡 ②acquaintance熟人；相识
③advance发展；前进 ④allowance津贴，零用钱；允许
⑤ambulance救护车 ⑥finance财政；金融
⑦assistance协助；援助 ⑧importance重要性；重要
纵联3.以ency结尾的高频名词集锦
①emergency紧急情况 ②efficiency效率；功率
③tendency趋向；趋势 ④fluency流利；流畅
⑤frequency频率 ⑥urgency紧急
纵联4.“职场经历”有感悟
①promotion晋级 ②employment雇用
③appointment任命 ④interview面试
⑤dismissal解雇 ⑥unemployment失业
单元话题——地理环境
子话题1 天气与气候
①climate n．气候 ②haze n．雾霾
③mist n．薄雾 ④frost n．霜
⑤drizzle n．小雨；毛毛雨 ⑥breeze n．微风
⑦tornado n．龙卷风 ⑧shower n．阵雨
⑨mild adj.温和的，暖和的 ⑩damp adj.& n．潮湿(的)
⑪chilly adj.寒冷的 ⑫freezing adj.冻结的；极冷的
子话题2 地理风貌
①ocean n．海洋，大海 ②continent n．大陆，大洲
③stream n．小河；溪流 ④range n．山脉
⑤valley n．山谷，溪谷 ⑥desert n．沙漠
⑦jungle n．丛林，密林 ⑧remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2017·北京高考阅读B)Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make — the magazine also explores❶ philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a ___❷__(balance) take on life.
①写出explore在句中的含义：调查研究；探讨；其在本单元中的名词形式为：exploration和explorer
②用balance的正确形式填空：balanced
2．(2013·湖北高考阅读B)A child of the Depression❶ (大萧条), Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury❷ for girls.
①写出Depression在本单元中的同根形容词：depressing，意为：令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的
②写出luxury在句中的含义：奢侈品；其形容词形式为：luxurious
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译或补全句子)
1．(2014·浙江高考书面表达)读书除了获取知识外，我们还为了乐趣和灵感而读书。(inspiration)
In_addition_to_reading_for_knowledge,_we_read_for_fun_and_inspiration.
2．(2013·江西高考书面表达)它不仅使我们接近大自然，使我们从繁重的学习中放松，它也增进了我们的友谊。(promote)
Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted_the_friendship_among_us.
3．(2012·福建高考书面表达)如果所有到仙女湖公园的游客都像这对夫妇这样做，那么这个湖将会被严重污染，很快就会变成一个巨大的垃圾箱。(severe)
If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will_be_severely_polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．state n．状态；状况；国家；政府；州v.陈述；声明
[记牢]
(1)in a(n) ... state ＝ in a state of ... 处于……的状态
a good state of health/mind 良好的健康状况/心态
(2)It is stated that ... 据说……，据称……
(3)statement n. 说明；声明；陈述
make a statement 发表声明
[练通] 单句语法填空
①It is stated that the president made a statement (state) announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.
②She is in a poor state of health, which worries her mother very much.
[写美] 翻译句子
③面对失败，最重要的是要保持良好的心态。
In_the_face_of_failure,_it_is_the_most_important_to_keep_a_good_state_of_mind.
2．trap v．储存，留存；使困住；使陷入圈套；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套
[记牢]
(1)trap sb.into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事
be/get trapped in 被困在……中，陷入困境
(2)fall into the trap (of doing sth.) 落入(做某事的)圈套
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Don't fall into_the trap of investing all your money in one place.
②The shopkeeper trapped me into_buying (buy) their poor quality milk.
补全句子
③(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had_been_trapped in the mountains for two days.
一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
[写美] 翻译句子
④更糟的是，我读英语时，我经常被一些不认识的单词困住。
What's_worse,_when_I_read_English,_I_am_often_trapped_in_the_unknown_words.
[联想] 表示“被困在……中”的短语还有：
①be/get locked in ②be/get caught in
③be/get stuck in ④be/get blocked in
3．promote v．促进，增进；晋升；提升；宣传，推销
[记牢]
(1)promote sb.(from sth.) to sth. 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位
promote sth. to ... 把某物推销给
(2)promotion n. 提升，晋级，促进
[练通] 单句语法填空
①“Once I get a promotion (promote), I'll be happy, ” they think.
②While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③Pupils who pass the test will be promoted_to the next higher grade.
[写美] 补全句子
④公众的分享和关爱意识将会得到进一步提升。
The public awareness of sharing and caring is to_be_further_promoted.
4．discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头；使气馁
[记牢]
(1)discourage sb.from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的
discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
discouragement n． 泄气；挫折；阻止；使人泄气的人/事
[练通] 单句语法填空
①We discouraged him from giving up the job last month.
②Do not let any failures discourage (courage) you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Yet instead of being discouraged (discourage) by my slow progress, I was excited.
[写美] 补全句子
④(2015·福建高考书面表达)故事的寓意是：努力获取知识，无论处境多么艰难都不要轻易气馁。
The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and_never_get_discouraged_easily_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I wanted to invite you to join in the annual (每年的) English evening.
2．Every one agrees that a good state (状态) of mind is the base of success.
3．All in all, I hope you can adapt (使适应) yourself to the new environment.
4．Tom is determined to go on a voyage_ (航行) across the Atlantic Ocean again.
5．I'm writing to kindly remind you of the_dormitory (宿舍) rules.
6．It is my great privilege (荣幸) to say something on behalf of all the students.
7．What makes his books stand out from other English writers is his insight (洞察力) into human nature.
8．In the_absence (缺乏) of actual data，no reliance can be placed on such figures.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The lift broke down and we were_trapped (trap) in it.
2．He got rapid promotion (promote), and ended up as a manager.
3．It's a great privilege to_know (know) you, a worldfamous physics scientist.
4．It is extremely (extreme) cold outside, so you'd better put on more clothes if you go out.
5．It was his absence (absent) of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.
6．In the long run, one should save money for_emergencies_ (emerge)．
7．Inspired (inspire) by the speech, the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.
8．All the students are advised to keep a balanced (balance) diet for their health.
9．They thought his behavior was abnormal (normal), for he didn't behave as usual.
10．There was a depressing (depress) feeling in the office when the news of job cuts was announced.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．声明很清楚，这些规则适用于社区的每一个人，没有例外。 (state)
It_is_clearly_stated_that these regulations apply to everyone in the community, without exception.
2．就是在这个村子里他救出了被困在洪水中的11个人。(trap)
It was in this village that he saved 11 people who_were_trapped_in_the_flood.
3．他正在向学生推销他的新书。(promote)
He is promoting_his_new_book_to_students.
4．他的话令人泄气，这也使很多人泄了气。(discourage)
His words are_discouraging,_which made_many_people_discouraged.
5．没人确切地知道火灾何时会发生，因此在火灾发生前做好准备极其必要。(extreme)
No one knows for sure when a fire will happen, so it_is_extremely_necessary_to_make_preparations before a fire starts.
(一)课前自主学习
1．set_foot_on_ 进入，到达，踏上
2．in_case_of [串记1] 如果；假使；以免
3．on_average 平均
4．be_made_up_of 由……组成
5．be_fond_of [串记2] 喜欢
6．stand_out 杰出；突出；显眼
7．adapt_to 适应
8．come_into_sight 进入视野，出现在眼前
9．come_up_with [串记3] 想出；提出
10．keep_one's_promise 信守诺言
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“in＋n.＋of”短语面面观
①in case of 如果；假使；以免
②in defence of 保卫；为……辩护
③in (the) face of 面临；面对
④in honour of 为纪念……
⑤in view of 鉴于，由于
⑥in search of 寻找
串记2.“喜欢”聚在一起
①be fond of喜欢 ②be keen on喜欢
③care for喜欢 ④go for喜欢
串记3.“v.＋up with”短语汇总
①come up with想出；提出 ②keep up with跟上
③catch up with跟上 ④end up with以……结束
⑤put up with忍耐；忍受；熬过 ⑥fill up with用……填满
1．from east to west 从东到西
2．be full of wildlife 野生动物众多
3．last for 182 days 持续182天
4．lack of rainfall 缺乏降雨
5．close to 100 years ago 将近100年前
6．leave for the Antarctic 离开前往南极洲
7．survive on 靠……生存
8．be situated on 位于……上
9．set off_ 出发；动身
10._in great detail 极其详细地
1．Covering_about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world.
它(南极洲)覆盖了南极周围约1 400万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。
2．Not_until_the_late_18th_century_did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.
直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。
3．Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the_first_man_to_set_foot_on the Antarctic mainland.
后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2016·北京高考完形填空)By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome's town officials came_up_with (提出) a plan.
2．(2011·湖北高考完形填空)Now Maja was ready to_keep_her_promise (信守诺言)．
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(翻译句子)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)实际上，我很喜欢唐诗。
Actually_I_am_very_fond_of_Tang_poems.
2．(2013·湖北高考写作)直到那时我才意识到话语在积极和消极两方面都可能很强大。(not until 置于句首的倒装句)
Not_until_then_did_I_realize_words_could_be_powerful_in_both_positive_and_negative_ways.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．stand out突出；显眼；杰出
[记牢]
stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand for 代表；主张；象征；表示；忍受
stand up 站起来；(论点、证据等)站得住脚；经得起(常与to连用)
stand up for 支持；维护(权利)
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
①The pigeon and olive branch stand for peace.
②The hotel we stayed at during our holidays stands by the seaside.
③Everyone stood up the moment the hero came into the lecture hall.
④Smiling is a great way to make you stand out in a job interview.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤作为我们国家的公民，在选举中维护我们的合法权利是我们的责任和义务。
As citizens of our country, it is our duty and responsibility to_stand_up_for_the_legal_rights of our own in the election.
2．in case of如果；假使；万一；以免
[记牢]
in no case 无论如何不；决不
in most cases 多数情况下
in case (that) ... 万一；以防……
in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
as is often the case 情况往往如此
[练通] 单句语法填空
①In most cases (case), it is because these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing.
②There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.
③The sign reads “In case of fire, break the glass and push the red button.”
[用准] (1)in case后常常接句子；in case of后常常接名词。(2)in no case位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
[写美] 补全句子
④(2018·浙江高考写作)我紧紧抓住绳子以防我可能会掉下去。
I held the rope tightly in_case_I_might_fall_off.
[句式集释]
序数词后接动词不定式作后置定语
[教材原句] Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the_first_man_to_set_foot_on the Antarctic mainland.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In 1931, Addams became the_first_American_woman_to_win the Nobel Peace Prize.
1931年，亚当斯成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国妇女。
(2)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the_only_way_for_us_to_survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。
(3)The students are looking forward to having_an_opportunity_to_explore_society for reallife experience.
学生们正在盼望有机会探索社会以获得真实生活经验。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)the first＋n.＋to do sth.第一个做某事的……
(2)the only＋n.＋ to do sth.唯一一个做某事的……
(3)抽象名词＋to do sth.
注意事项
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
[背写作佳句]
(1)She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.(要点句)
(2)If I have the chance to donate, I will also help the students with financial problems. (总结句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
set foot on， in case of， on average， stand out， adapt to， come up with， be fond of， keep one's promise
1．Painted red, the building stands_out among the rest and looks very attractive.
2．The company has spent 10 million yuan on_average in medical research in the last three years.
3．You should have apologized for not having kept_your_promise.
4．They were filled with joy when they set_foot_on China soil in late July.
5．If you know first aid methods, you can be calmer and more helpful in_case_of emergency.
6．Since people are_fond_of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
7．Having discussed the problem all afternoon, they finally came_up_with a solution to it.
8．If plants were moved from one habitat to the other type of habitat, they changed their appearance and adapted_to the new environment.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．莫言是中国第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的作家。(the＋序数词＋不定式)
Mo Yan is the_first_writer_to_win the Nobel Prize in Literature in China.
2．直到他面试失败，他才意识到自信是多么重要。(not until 置于句首的倒装句)
Not_until_he_had_failed_in_the_job_interview_did_he_realize how important confidence was.
3．看着这张照片，我不禁怀念起我的中学时光来。(现在分词作伴随状语)
Looking_at_the_picture,_I couldn't help missing my middle school days.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你从报纸上看到一则有关大学生张明的报道，他组建了一支南极志愿者探险队并担任队长去南极探险，虽在南极遭遇暴风雪但最终获救。请你用英语写一篇短文简要介绍张明的经历。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：南极志愿者探险队Antarctic volunteer expedition
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是一篇叙事类记叙文。写作时要交待清楚时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。时态是一般过去时，人称是第三人称。根据题目的描述可归纳出两个要点。要点1介绍张明的情况及进行探险的背景；要点2叙述探险经历。其中，要点1可以从张明组建探险队及其在队中的表现写起，然后点明他成为探险队的一员，为下文介绍张明的经历做铺垫。要点2描述一下张明刚开始探险的感受以及简要提及他的探险队遭遇暴风雪并最终获救的事情。
要点1－①：张明是一位大学生。上个月，他组建了一支南极志愿者探险队。(expedition)
Zhang_Ming_is_a_university_student._He_set_up_an_Antarctic_volunteer_expedition_last_month.
要点1－②：张明在众多志愿者中表现突出。他被晋升为探险队的队长。(stand out, promote)
Zhang_Ming_stood_out_in_many_volunteers._He_was_promoted_to_the_leader_of_the_expedition.
要点1－③：张明很幸运地成为首批去南极的大学生探险者之一。
Zhang_Ming_was_so_lucky_that_he_became_one_of_the_first_college_student_explorers_to_go_to_the_Antarctic.
要点2－①：刚开始时，他很不适应那儿的环境。(adapt to)
At_the_beginning,_he_didn't_adapt_to_the_conditions_there.
要点2－②：他和队友们曾经被困在暴风雪中。(trap)
Once_he_and_his_teammates_were_trapped_in_a_snowstorm.
要点2－③：他没有灰心丧气，而是坚持下来，最终他们获救了。(discourage)
He_didn't_get_discouraged_but_got_through_it._Finally,_they_were_saved.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
对初步拟定的要点可进行扩充，使内容更丰富，使句式更多样。例如：要点1－①可以用a university student作同位语升级句子。要点1－②中可增加“由于曾经接受过严格训练”作原因状语；要点2－①中可增添“当他踏上南极大陆时”；要点2－②可补充“在零下30℃的野外几乎失去知觉”这一细节。
升级要点1－①：张明是一位大学生。上个月，他组建了一支南极志愿者探险队。(使用同位语升级句子)
Zhang_Ming,_a_university_student,_set_up_an_Antarctic_volunteer_expedition_last_month.
升级要点1－②：由于曾经接受过严格训练，张明在众多志愿者中表现突出。他被晋升为探险队的队长。(用现在分词短语作状语)
Having_been_trained_strictly,_Zhang_Ming_stood_out_in_many_volunteers._He_was_promoted_to_the_leader_of_the_expedition.
拓展要点2－①：当他刚开始踏上南极大陆时，他很不适应那儿的环境。(用when引导的状语从句； set foot on)
At_the_beginning,_he_didn't_adapt_to_the_conditions_there_when_he_set_foot_on_the_Antarctica.
拓展要点2－②：他和队友们曾经被困在暴风雪中，在零下30℃的野外几乎失去知觉。(numb; minus)
Once_he_and_his_teammates_were_trapped_in_a_snowstorm,_almost_numb_at_minus_30℃_in_the_open_air.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文写作可按照事件发展的先后顺序来写，所以行文时按照上述各要点表述顺序即可。另外要点1－②中的两个句子可用as a result进行衔接，这样可使文章语意连贯，过渡自然。
Zhang_Ming,_a_university_student,_set_up_an_Antarctic_volunteer_expedition_last_month._Having_been_trained_strictly,_Zhang_Ming_stood_out_in_many_volunteers._As_a_result,_he_was_promoted_to_the_leader_of_the_expedition._Zhang_Ming_was_so_lucky_that_he_became_one_of_the_first_college_student_explorers_to_go_to_the_Antarctic._At_the_beginning,_he_didn't_adapt_to_the_conditions_there_when_he_set_foot_on_the_Antarctica._Once_he_and_his_teammates_were_trapped_in_a_snowstorm,_almost_numb_at_minus_30℃_in_the_open_air._He_didn't_get_discouraged_but_got_through_it._Finally,_they_were_saved.
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