还剩11页未读，
继续阅读
2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习外研全国版讲义：选修6Module6WarandPeace
展开
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．commander n． 指挥官
2．memorial n. 纪念碑；纪念馆
3．afterwards adv. 后来
4．station n. 根据地，驻扎地，基地
5．chain n. 链条，铁链
6．chaos n. 混乱，无秩序
7．senseless adj. 无意义的，欠思考的
8．memorable adj.[纵联1] 难忘的，特别的，值得回忆的
9．baggage n. (军队的)行装，行李
10．confidential adj. 机密的，秘密的
11．scissors n．[纵联2] 剪刀
12．shave v. & n. 刮胡子
13．yell v. 大叫，呼喊
14．unload v. 卸下
15．cheers int. (用于祝酒)祝你健康！
16．liberation n. 解放
17．constitution n. 宪法
18．statesman n. 政治家
19．personnel n. 全体人员
20．civilian n. 平民；文职人员
21．company n. (陆军的)连，连队
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．drown v. 淹死，使溺死
2．last v. 持续
3．eventually adv. 最后，最终
4．overlook v．[纵联3] 俯视，往下看
5．condemn v. 责难；谴责
6．rescue v. 营救，拯救
7．drop v. 扔下，投下
8．campaign n. 作战行动，军事行动
9．view n. 观点
10．sacrifice n. 牺牲
11．arm v. 装备，武装
12．despite prep. 不管，不顾
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．abandon v．放弃，抛弃→abandoned adj.被放弃的，被遗弃的
2．operation n．行动；手术→operate v．操作；动手术
3．survivor n．幸存者→survive v．幸存下来，幸免于难→survival n．幸存 [纵联4]
4．occupy v．占领，占据→occupation n．占领；职业→occupied adj.被占领的，忙于
5．deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地，深刻地→depth n．深度
6．wound v．使受伤→wounded adj.受伤的
7．shocked adj.(感到)震惊的，惊骇的→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shock v．使震惊 n．震惊，吃惊
8．nationality n．国籍→national adj.国家的，全国的→nation n．国家
9．courage n．勇气，胆量→encourage v．鼓舞，鼓励→encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞→discourage vt.使……泄气 [纵联5]
10．mess n．混乱的局面→messy adj.混乱的；棘手的
11．worthwhile adj.值得做的，有价值的，有用的→worth adj.值……钱；值得→worthy adj.值得……的
12．disagreement n．争论，矛盾，意见不合→disagree v．不同意
纵联1.后缀able构成的形容词集锦
①memorable难忘的，特别的 ②admirable值得赞扬的
③adjustable可调节的 ④reasonable合理的
⑤respectable可敬的 ⑥usable可用的，适用的
⑦valuable有价值的 ⑧affordable能支付得起的
纵联2.复数名词一个整体
①scissors剪刀 ②stockings(女士)长袜
③trousers裤子 ④chopsticks筷子
⑤goods货物 ⑥clothes衣服
纵联3.over前缀大聚会
①overlook v. 俯视，往下看
②overweight adj. (人)太胖的；超重的
③overhead adv. 在头顶上；在空中
④overeat v. 吃太多
⑤overflow v. 溢出
⑥overburden v. 负担过重
⑦overprotective adj. 过分保护的
⑧overcrowded adj. 太拥挤的
纵联4.or结尾名词大观园
①survivor幸存者 ②actor男演员
③ambassador大使，使节 ④ancestor祖宗，祖先
⑤author作家，作者 ⑥bachelor单身汉，学士
纵联5.en前缀动词荟萃
①encourage鼓励 ②enlarge放大
③enrich使富裕；充实 ④ensure确保
⑤endanger使遭到危险 ⑥enable使能够
单元话题——战争与和平
子话题1 战争
①aggression n．侵略 ②battle n．战斗；战役
③conflict n．冲突 ④weapon n．武器
⑤attack n. & vt.攻击 ⑥explode vi.爆炸
⑦launch v．发动；发射 ⑧revolution n．革命
⑨incident n．事件；事变 ⑩uprising n．起义
子话题2 战争的后果
①disaster n．灾难 ②misery/hardship n．苦难
③homeless adj.无家可归的 ④immigrant n．移民
⑤lose one's life丧生 ⑥deep in sorrow深深的痛苦
子话题3 和平
①unite v. 联合，团结
②peaceloving adj. 爱好和平的
③in peace 和平
④in memory of ... 为了纪念……
⑤for the benefit of 为了……的利益
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2016·北京高考阅读C) So scientists have come up with a __❶__ (shock) idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of setfree birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped❷ to 18%.
①用shock的正确形式填空：shocking
②写出dropped在句中的含义：下降，drop的同义词有：fall, decline, decrease等
2．(2015·北京高考阅读A)Nicholas might not have survived❶ this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls __❷__ (abandon) in a wild area and has to find his way out.
①写出survived在句中的含义：幸存下来
②用abandon的正确形式填空：is_abandoned
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)看完影片后，每个班都应该进行讨论，希望所有同学都做出评论，并表达关于这部影片的观点。(view)
After_the_film,_each_class_is_supposed_to_have_a_discussion_and_all_the_students_are_expected_to_make_comments_and_express_their_views_about_the_film.
2．(2014·广东高考写作)在我看来，那些接受过她捐赠的人会被激励更加努力学习，尽全力取得成功。(encourage)
In_my_opinion,_those_who_have_received_her_donation_will_be_encouraged_to_study_even_harder_and_try_their_best_to_achieve_success.
3．(2014·湖南高考写作)当查找一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。(operate)
When_searching_for_some_information，we_can_operate_by_touching_the_screen.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．occupy v．占领；占据；担任
[记牢]
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.
从事于/忙于做某事
(2)occupied adj. 被占领的；在使用的；忙于
be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 从事于/忙于做某事
(3)occupation n. 职业；占领
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It is good manners not to disturb others when they are_occupied (occupy) with their work.
②May I have your address, telephone number, age and occupation (occupy), please?
单句改错
③He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself in a very important experiment.in→with
[写美] 句型转换
④I'm busy preparing for the coming examination, so I have no time for relaxation.
→Occupied_in/Occupying_myself_in preparing for the coming examination, I have no time for relaxation.(occupy短语作状语)
2．rescue v．& n．营救，拯救，救援
[记牢]
rescue sb./sth. from 从……中救出某人/某物
go/come to sb.'s rescue＝go/come to the rescue of sb.
进行援救，营救某人
make a rescue 实施救援
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The fireman rescued three children from the burning building.
②It was you who made rescue in time, which gave us a second life.
词汇升级
③Rescue workers arrived at the scene twenty minutes later to save the trapped miners.
→Rescue workers arrived at the scene twenty minutes later to go/come_to_the_rescue_of the trapped miners. (rescue n．)
[写美] 补全句子
④要不是那个年轻人相救，落水的孩子早就没命了。
The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn't gone/come_to_his_rescue.
3．sacrifice n．牺牲；祭品v.牺牲
[记牢]
(1)make sacrifices for 为……做出牺牲
at the sacrifice of 以牺牲……为代价
(2)sacrifice ...for ... 为……而牺牲……
sacrifice ... to do sth. 牺牲……做某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
①To get ahead, one must work hard and be willing to make certain sacrifices (sacrifice)．
②She sacrificed a promising career to_look (look) after her kids.
一句多译
这个年轻人为了从火中救这个孩子牺牲了自己的生命。
③The young man sacrificed_his_life_to_save the child from the fire.(sacrifice v．)
④The young man saved the child from the fire at_the_sacrifice_of_his_life.(sacrifice n．)
[写美] 补全句子
⑤在中国，许多父母为了孩子的成长而牺牲了很多。
In China, many parents sacrifice_a_lot_for_their_children's_growth.
4．despite prep.不管，不顾；尽管
[记牢]
(1)in spite of＝despite 尽管，不管
despite/in spite of the fact that 尽管事实如此
(2)regardless of 不理会，不顾
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
②He serves the public wholeheartedly, regardless of his personal gain or loss.
单句改错
③Our school is very beautiful despite the fact it is very small. fact后加that
[用准] despite与in spite of分别为介词和介词短语，其后接名词、代词或动名词作让步状语，不接从句(what从句除外)。
[写美] 补全句子
④(2015·江苏高考书面表达)尽管有了公路和高速路的大规模(largescale)建设，仍然有很多改进的空间，因为这些年汽车数量在不断增长。
Despite/In_spite_of_the_largescale_construction_of_roads_and_highways,_there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He rescued (营救) the girl regardless of his own life, which set a good example for us.
2．When you travel, you'd better take as little baggage (行李) with you as possible.
3．Overlooked (俯视) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful at night.
4．I returned to the village many times, and eventually (最终) I gained their trust.
5．It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors (幸存者) of the plane crash.
6．We have been having a few disagreements (分歧) in the committee lately.
7．I was shocked (震惊的) at this sudden change in their attitude.
8．He has taught men and women of all ages and of various nationalities (国籍).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to_think (think) critically.
2．What we must do is to rescue them from danger.
3．Several young people jumped into the river to save the drowning (drown) child.
4．The wounded (wound) soldier should be sent to the hospital in no time.
5．He thinks it's senseless (sense) to argue about such a small thing.
6．It was worthwhile writing/to_write (write) them all out again and the time was not enough for us at that time.
7．No matter how messy (mess) my room is, I always tidy it up before guests arrive.
8．In my view, necessary measures should be immediately taken to ensure a nice environment.
9．Armed (arm) with a torch, the man went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.
10．Their action of invading another country's territory should be_condemned (condemn) by all the countries.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．The hot weather was lasted until the end of September. 去掉was
2．Look! You have left the room in mess, and you must put it in order right away. mess前加a
3．Occupying with routine work, she had no time to attend her children. Occupying→Occupied
4．Despite the fact it was raining, she still went out hurriedly. fact后加that
5．He stood on the top of the hill, overlooked the whole village below. overlooked→overlooking或overlooked前加and
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．为了鼓励同学们进行户外锻炼，我们学校在4月10日组织了一次登山活动。(encourage)
In_order_to_encourage_the_students_to_take_outdoor_exercise,_our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10.
2．尽管医生告诉她应该休息，但她还是去了西班牙。(despite)
She went to Spain despite_the_fact_that her doctor had told her to rest.
3．为了把他送到一所私立学校，他的父母做出了很多牺牲。(sacrifice)
His parents made_many_sacrifices_to_send him to a private school.
4．这家网站因含虚假信息而遭到严厉谴责。(condemn)
The web site is_seriously_condemned_for containing false information.
5．我没有多少业余时间，我完全忙于我的工作。(occupy)
I don't have much spare time. I'm fully_occupied_with_my_work.
(一)课前自主学习
1．declare_war_on [串记1] 向……宣战
2．make_a_breakthrough 取得重大突破(进展)
3．pick_up 停下来让某人搭车(船等)；救起
4．be_situated_on/at 位于，坐落于
5．be_involved_in 被卷入，陷入
6．to_one's_astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
7．drink_to 为……干杯，祝酒
8．draw_attention_to 引起对……的注意
9．take_part_in 参加
10．be_annoyed_with 被……惹恼，对……很恼火
11．at_one_point [串记2] 一度；在某一时刻
[同根短语串记]
串记1.declare相关短语荟萃
①declare war on 向……宣战
②declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
③declare ... (to be/as) ... 宣布……为……
④declare ...open 宣布……开始
⑤declare that 宣告；宣称
串记2.point短语不“指”一“点”
①at one point 一度；在某一时刻
②at all points 在各方面，完全地
③to the point 中肯的，切题的
④off the point 离题的
⑤at/on the point of 就要……的时候；接近，靠近
1．at the same time 同时
2．in the face of 面对
3．fall into the water 落水
4．far from 远离；远非
5．in the distance 在远处
6．make a speech 做演讲
7．in return 作为交换
8．at war 交战
9．set out 出发
1．The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before_they_even_got_off_the_boats.
这次登陆行动异常危险，很多士兵还没来得及下船就牺牲了。
2．The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted_and_shocked.
死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。
3．The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff overlooking the beach and the English Channel, from_where the boats attempted their landings.
墓地和纪念碑坐落在一处悬崖之上，从那里可以俯瞰海滩和英吉利海峡，当时一艘艘船只就试图从那里登陆。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2017·11月浙江高考完形填空)Guy Harvold, 24, had picked_up (用车接) the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bournemouth to meet their host families.
2．(2016·北京高考完形填空)At_one_point (一度), huge piles of snow blocked his way.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两支球队一天训练两个小时，定期参加各种比赛。
Both teams train for two hours a day and take_part_in_various_competitions regularly.
2．(2011·浙江高考书面表达)我写信是想引起你们注意一下我们同学中的一些不文明行为：乱扔垃圾和乱涂乱画。
I am writing to draw_your_attention_to some improper behaviour among us students: littering and scribbling.
3．(2018·浙江高考写作)曾经我在一家旅行社做兼职，从中我积累了许多相关经验。(“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句)
I once worked parttime in a travel agency, from_which_I_have_accumulated lots of related experience.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是
[记牢]
(1)astonishment n． 惊讶
in astonishment 惊讶地，惊奇地
(2)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的，吃惊的
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶
(3)astonish vt. 使惊诧
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Lindsey's husband was totally astonished (astonishment) by the unexpected visit.
②(2016·浙江高考)What brought about this astonishing(astonish) change in me?
③She stared at the result of the experiment in_astonishment.
[写美] 补全句子
④令我们大为惊讶的是，在事故中他逃过一劫而没有受伤。
To_our_great_astonishment/Much_to_our_astonishment,_he escaped being hurt in the accident.
[句式集释]
before引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before_they_even_got_off_the_boats.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)John thinks it_won't_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
(2)If you miss this chance, it_may_be_years_before you get another one.
如果你错过这个机会，多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
(3)It_was_nearly_a_day_before he realized his mistakes and said sorry to his friend Peter.
将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友Peter道歉。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
含before 的常用句式有：
(1)It won't be long before ...“用不了多久就会……”(before从句用一般现在时)
(2)It wasn't long before ...“没过多久就……”(before从句用一般过去时)
(3)It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“要过若干时间之后才……”(before从句用一般现在时)
(4)It was＋一段时间＋before ... “过了若干时间才……”(before从句用一般过去时)
注意事项
before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
①还没来得及……就…… ②……之后才……
③在……之前 ④(不久)就……
⑤以免…… ⑥趁着……(还没有)
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·天津高考书面表达)How time flies! Two weeks has gone by before we know it.(开头句)
(2)I think it won't be long before you make great progress in English.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
declare war on， make a breakthrough， pick up， be involved in， to one's astonishment， drink to， draw attention to， at one point， far from， be annoyed with
1．Scientists have made_a_breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.
2．Now, let's drink_to the further development of your business.
3．The meeting was far_from being a success; it's a failure.
4．He was_involved_in a serious car accident as a result of drunk driving.
5．To_my_astonishment,_they should have finished that task in such a short time.
6．The people in the mountainous areas have declared_war_on poverty.
7．At_one_point I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed.
8．They picked_up as many people from the burning ship as they could.
9．His mother was_annoyed_with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
10．The purpose of the article was to draw_attention_to the problems faced by high school students.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．空气污染越来越严重，因此我们必须采取措施，以免为时已晚。(before)
Air pollution is getting more and more serious, so we must take action before_it_is_too_late.
2．使我们感到欣慰的是，两周后这个小孩安然无恙地回来了。(形容词作状语)
To our relief, two weeks later, the kid returned, safe_and_sound.
3．我们站在山顶，从那里我们可以欣赏到整个城镇。(“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句)
We stood at the top of the hill, from_where_we_can_see_the_whole_town.
Ⅲ.分步写作
每年的9月3日被确定为中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日。假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom给你写信询问有关这个纪念日的详细情况。请根据以下要点，给他写一封回信：
1．介绍该纪念日的由来；
2．说明该纪念日的意义；
3．谈谈自己的看法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：抗日战争：the War of Resistance Against Japan
纪念日：commemoration day
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第三人称。文章应分三部分：开头首先对对方关注纪念日表示感谢并引出话题。第二部分介绍该纪念日的由来(为了庆祝抗日战争的胜利)。第三部分是本文的主体部分，说明该纪念日的意义并谈谈自己的看法。在说明意义时可就对中国人民意义重大和勿忘先辈的奋斗和牺牲两点来写；在谈论自己的看法时可围绕学生应把精力用到学习上，这样中国才能成为强国来写。
开头语：感谢你询问有关我们国家把9月3日作为纪念日的情况。
Thanks_for_asking_about_the_commemoration_day_on_September_3rd_in_our_country.
要点1：9月3日被确定为纪念日，目的是为了庆祝抗日战争的胜利。
September_3rd_is_set_as_the_commemoration_day_to_celebrate_the_victory_of_the_War_of_Resistance_Against_Japan.
要点2－①：这个纪念日的庆祝对我们中国人意义重大，尤其是对我们年轻人来说。(be of＋抽象名词)
The_celebration_of_the_commemoration_day_is_of_great_significance_for_us_Chinese,_especially_for_us_teenagers.
要点2－②：它提醒我们正是我们先辈们的奋斗和牺牲拯救了中国。(强调句型)
It_reminds_us_that_it_was_the_struggle_and_sacrifices_of_our_forefathers_that_saved_China.
要点3－①：作为学生，我们应该把我们所有精力用到学习上。
As_students,_we_should_devote_all_our_energies_to_studying.
要点3－②：只有这样中国才能屹立于世界强国之列，为世界和平做出巨大的贡献。(only置于句首的倒装句)
Only_in_this_way_can_China_stand_among_the_great_powers_of_the_world_and_make_great_contributions_to_world_peace.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容更充实，并且符合题目的要求，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展。如要点1中我们把9月3日确定为纪念日不仅仅是庆祝，应该还有纪念那些革命先烈；要点3－①和要点3－②语意不连贯，需要在要点3－①的基础上指出我们把精力用到学习上的目的是为建设更好的中国做准备，从而过渡到中国才能成为强国上来。
拓展要点1：9月3日被确定为纪念日，目的是为了庆祝抗日战争的胜利并纪念在战争中牺牲的那些英勇的战士。(用who引导的定语从句)
September_3rd_is_set_as_a_commemoration_day_to_celebrate_the_victory_of_the_War_of_Resistance_Against_Japan_and_memorize_the_brave_soldiers_who_lost_their_lives_in_the_war.
拓展要点3－①：作为学生，我们应该把我们所有精力用到学习上，为建设一个更好的中国做准备。(不定式作目的状语)
As_students,_we_should_devote_all_our_energies_to_studying_to_prepare_ourselves_to_build_a_better_China.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文包括三个部分，可采用“三段式”行文。在介绍三个要点时需要一个总起句来统领，避免直接介绍带来的生硬突兀，可写上一句“ Now I am writing to tell you something about it.”和下一段进行衔接，并且要点间可添加衔接词because， in addition等以使文章衔接自然，表达顺畅。
Dear Tom，
Thanks for asking about the commemoration day on September 3rd in our country. Now I am writing to tell you something about it.
September 3rd is set as a commemoration day to celebrate the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan and memorize the brave soldiers who lost their lives in the war.
The celebration of the commemoration day is of great significance for us Chinese, especially for us teenagers. Because it reminds us that it was the struggle and sacrifices of our forefathers that saved China. In addition, as students, we should devote all our energies to studying to prepare ourselves to build a better China. Only in this way can China stand among the great powers of the world and make great contributions to world peace.
Yours，
Li_Hua
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．commander n． 指挥官
2．memorial n. 纪念碑；纪念馆
3．afterwards adv. 后来
4．station n. 根据地，驻扎地，基地
5．chain n. 链条，铁链
6．chaos n. 混乱，无秩序
7．senseless adj. 无意义的，欠思考的
8．memorable adj.[纵联1] 难忘的，特别的，值得回忆的
9．baggage n. (军队的)行装，行李
10．confidential adj. 机密的，秘密的
11．scissors n．[纵联2] 剪刀
12．shave v. & n. 刮胡子
13．yell v. 大叫，呼喊
14．unload v. 卸下
15．cheers int. (用于祝酒)祝你健康！
16．liberation n. 解放
17．constitution n. 宪法
18．statesman n. 政治家
19．personnel n. 全体人员
20．civilian n. 平民；文职人员
21．company n. (陆军的)连，连队
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．drown v. 淹死，使溺死
2．last v. 持续
3．eventually adv. 最后，最终
4．overlook v．[纵联3] 俯视，往下看
5．condemn v. 责难；谴责
6．rescue v. 营救，拯救
7．drop v. 扔下，投下
8．campaign n. 作战行动，军事行动
9．view n. 观点
10．sacrifice n. 牺牲
11．arm v. 装备，武装
12．despite prep. 不管，不顾
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．abandon v．放弃，抛弃→abandoned adj.被放弃的，被遗弃的
2．operation n．行动；手术→operate v．操作；动手术
3．survivor n．幸存者→survive v．幸存下来，幸免于难→survival n．幸存 [纵联4]
4．occupy v．占领，占据→occupation n．占领；职业→occupied adj.被占领的，忙于
5．deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地，深刻地→depth n．深度
6．wound v．使受伤→wounded adj.受伤的
7．shocked adj.(感到)震惊的，惊骇的→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shock v．使震惊 n．震惊，吃惊
8．nationality n．国籍→national adj.国家的，全国的→nation n．国家
9．courage n．勇气，胆量→encourage v．鼓舞，鼓励→encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞→discourage vt.使……泄气 [纵联5]
10．mess n．混乱的局面→messy adj.混乱的；棘手的
11．worthwhile adj.值得做的，有价值的，有用的→worth adj.值……钱；值得→worthy adj.值得……的
12．disagreement n．争论，矛盾，意见不合→disagree v．不同意
纵联1.后缀able构成的形容词集锦
①memorable难忘的，特别的 ②admirable值得赞扬的
③adjustable可调节的 ④reasonable合理的
⑤respectable可敬的 ⑥usable可用的，适用的
⑦valuable有价值的 ⑧affordable能支付得起的
纵联2.复数名词一个整体
①scissors剪刀 ②stockings(女士)长袜
③trousers裤子 ④chopsticks筷子
⑤goods货物 ⑥clothes衣服
纵联3.over前缀大聚会
①overlook v. 俯视，往下看
②overweight adj. (人)太胖的；超重的
③overhead adv. 在头顶上；在空中
④overeat v. 吃太多
⑤overflow v. 溢出
⑥overburden v. 负担过重
⑦overprotective adj. 过分保护的
⑧overcrowded adj. 太拥挤的
纵联4.or结尾名词大观园
①survivor幸存者 ②actor男演员
③ambassador大使，使节 ④ancestor祖宗，祖先
⑤author作家，作者 ⑥bachelor单身汉，学士
纵联5.en前缀动词荟萃
①encourage鼓励 ②enlarge放大
③enrich使富裕；充实 ④ensure确保
⑤endanger使遭到危险 ⑥enable使能够
单元话题——战争与和平
子话题1 战争
①aggression n．侵略 ②battle n．战斗；战役
③conflict n．冲突 ④weapon n．武器
⑤attack n. & vt.攻击 ⑥explode vi.爆炸
⑦launch v．发动；发射 ⑧revolution n．革命
⑨incident n．事件；事变 ⑩uprising n．起义
子话题2 战争的后果
①disaster n．灾难 ②misery/hardship n．苦难
③homeless adj.无家可归的 ④immigrant n．移民
⑤lose one's life丧生 ⑥deep in sorrow深深的痛苦
子话题3 和平
①unite v. 联合，团结
②peaceloving adj. 爱好和平的
③in peace 和平
④in memory of ... 为了纪念……
⑤for the benefit of 为了……的利益
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2016·北京高考阅读C) So scientists have come up with a __❶__ (shock) idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of setfree birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped❷ to 18%.
①用shock的正确形式填空：shocking
②写出dropped在句中的含义：下降，drop的同义词有：fall, decline, decrease等
2．(2015·北京高考阅读A)Nicholas might not have survived❶ this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls __❷__ (abandon) in a wild area and has to find his way out.
①写出survived在句中的含义：幸存下来
②用abandon的正确形式填空：is_abandoned
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)看完影片后，每个班都应该进行讨论，希望所有同学都做出评论，并表达关于这部影片的观点。(view)
After_the_film,_each_class_is_supposed_to_have_a_discussion_and_all_the_students_are_expected_to_make_comments_and_express_their_views_about_the_film.
2．(2014·广东高考写作)在我看来，那些接受过她捐赠的人会被激励更加努力学习，尽全力取得成功。(encourage)
In_my_opinion,_those_who_have_received_her_donation_will_be_encouraged_to_study_even_harder_and_try_their_best_to_achieve_success.
3．(2014·湖南高考写作)当查找一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。(operate)
When_searching_for_some_information，we_can_operate_by_touching_the_screen.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．occupy v．占领；占据；担任
[记牢]
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.
从事于/忙于做某事
(2)occupied adj. 被占领的；在使用的；忙于
be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 从事于/忙于做某事
(3)occupation n. 职业；占领
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It is good manners not to disturb others when they are_occupied (occupy) with their work.
②May I have your address, telephone number, age and occupation (occupy), please?
单句改错
③He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself in a very important experiment.in→with
[写美] 句型转换
④I'm busy preparing for the coming examination, so I have no time for relaxation.
→Occupied_in/Occupying_myself_in preparing for the coming examination, I have no time for relaxation.(occupy短语作状语)
2．rescue v．& n．营救，拯救，救援
[记牢]
rescue sb./sth. from 从……中救出某人/某物
go/come to sb.'s rescue＝go/come to the rescue of sb.
进行援救，营救某人
make a rescue 实施救援
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The fireman rescued three children from the burning building.
②It was you who made rescue in time, which gave us a second life.
词汇升级
③Rescue workers arrived at the scene twenty minutes later to save the trapped miners.
→Rescue workers arrived at the scene twenty minutes later to go/come_to_the_rescue_of the trapped miners. (rescue n．)
[写美] 补全句子
④要不是那个年轻人相救，落水的孩子早就没命了。
The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn't gone/come_to_his_rescue.
3．sacrifice n．牺牲；祭品v.牺牲
[记牢]
(1)make sacrifices for 为……做出牺牲
at the sacrifice of 以牺牲……为代价
(2)sacrifice ...for ... 为……而牺牲……
sacrifice ... to do sth. 牺牲……做某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
①To get ahead, one must work hard and be willing to make certain sacrifices (sacrifice)．
②She sacrificed a promising career to_look (look) after her kids.
一句多译
这个年轻人为了从火中救这个孩子牺牲了自己的生命。
③The young man sacrificed_his_life_to_save the child from the fire.(sacrifice v．)
④The young man saved the child from the fire at_the_sacrifice_of_his_life.(sacrifice n．)
[写美] 补全句子
⑤在中国，许多父母为了孩子的成长而牺牲了很多。
In China, many parents sacrifice_a_lot_for_their_children's_growth.
4．despite prep.不管，不顾；尽管
[记牢]
(1)in spite of＝despite 尽管，不管
despite/in spite of the fact that 尽管事实如此
(2)regardless of 不理会，不顾
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
②He serves the public wholeheartedly, regardless of his personal gain or loss.
单句改错
③Our school is very beautiful despite the fact it is very small. fact后加that
[用准] despite与in spite of分别为介词和介词短语，其后接名词、代词或动名词作让步状语，不接从句(what从句除外)。
[写美] 补全句子
④(2015·江苏高考书面表达)尽管有了公路和高速路的大规模(largescale)建设，仍然有很多改进的空间，因为这些年汽车数量在不断增长。
Despite/In_spite_of_the_largescale_construction_of_roads_and_highways,_there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He rescued (营救) the girl regardless of his own life, which set a good example for us.
2．When you travel, you'd better take as little baggage (行李) with you as possible.
3．Overlooked (俯视) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful at night.
4．I returned to the village many times, and eventually (最终) I gained their trust.
5．It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors (幸存者) of the plane crash.
6．We have been having a few disagreements (分歧) in the committee lately.
7．I was shocked (震惊的) at this sudden change in their attitude.
8．He has taught men and women of all ages and of various nationalities (国籍).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to_think (think) critically.
2．What we must do is to rescue them from danger.
3．Several young people jumped into the river to save the drowning (drown) child.
4．The wounded (wound) soldier should be sent to the hospital in no time.
5．He thinks it's senseless (sense) to argue about such a small thing.
6．It was worthwhile writing/to_write (write) them all out again and the time was not enough for us at that time.
7．No matter how messy (mess) my room is, I always tidy it up before guests arrive.
8．In my view, necessary measures should be immediately taken to ensure a nice environment.
9．Armed (arm) with a torch, the man went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.
10．Their action of invading another country's territory should be_condemned (condemn) by all the countries.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．The hot weather was lasted until the end of September. 去掉was
2．Look! You have left the room in mess, and you must put it in order right away. mess前加a
3．Occupying with routine work, she had no time to attend her children. Occupying→Occupied
4．Despite the fact it was raining, she still went out hurriedly. fact后加that
5．He stood on the top of the hill, overlooked the whole village below. overlooked→overlooking或overlooked前加and
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．为了鼓励同学们进行户外锻炼，我们学校在4月10日组织了一次登山活动。(encourage)
In_order_to_encourage_the_students_to_take_outdoor_exercise,_our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10.
2．尽管医生告诉她应该休息，但她还是去了西班牙。(despite)
She went to Spain despite_the_fact_that her doctor had told her to rest.
3．为了把他送到一所私立学校，他的父母做出了很多牺牲。(sacrifice)
His parents made_many_sacrifices_to_send him to a private school.
4．这家网站因含虚假信息而遭到严厉谴责。(condemn)
The web site is_seriously_condemned_for containing false information.
5．我没有多少业余时间，我完全忙于我的工作。(occupy)
I don't have much spare time. I'm fully_occupied_with_my_work.
(一)课前自主学习
1．declare_war_on [串记1] 向……宣战
2．make_a_breakthrough 取得重大突破(进展)
3．pick_up 停下来让某人搭车(船等)；救起
4．be_situated_on/at 位于，坐落于
5．be_involved_in 被卷入，陷入
6．to_one's_astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
7．drink_to 为……干杯，祝酒
8．draw_attention_to 引起对……的注意
9．take_part_in 参加
10．be_annoyed_with 被……惹恼，对……很恼火
11．at_one_point [串记2] 一度；在某一时刻
[同根短语串记]
串记1.declare相关短语荟萃
①declare war on 向……宣战
②declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
③declare ... (to be/as) ... 宣布……为……
④declare ...open 宣布……开始
⑤declare that 宣告；宣称
串记2.point短语不“指”一“点”
①at one point 一度；在某一时刻
②at all points 在各方面，完全地
③to the point 中肯的，切题的
④off the point 离题的
⑤at/on the point of 就要……的时候；接近，靠近
1．at the same time 同时
2．in the face of 面对
3．fall into the water 落水
4．far from 远离；远非
5．in the distance 在远处
6．make a speech 做演讲
7．in return 作为交换
8．at war 交战
9．set out 出发
1．The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before_they_even_got_off_the_boats.
这次登陆行动异常危险，很多士兵还没来得及下船就牺牲了。
2．The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted_and_shocked.
死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。
3．The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff overlooking the beach and the English Channel, from_where the boats attempted their landings.
墓地和纪念碑坐落在一处悬崖之上，从那里可以俯瞰海滩和英吉利海峡，当时一艘艘船只就试图从那里登陆。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2017·11月浙江高考完形填空)Guy Harvold, 24, had picked_up (用车接) the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bournemouth to meet their host families.
2．(2016·北京高考完形填空)At_one_point (一度), huge piles of snow blocked his way.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两支球队一天训练两个小时，定期参加各种比赛。
Both teams train for two hours a day and take_part_in_various_competitions regularly.
2．(2011·浙江高考书面表达)我写信是想引起你们注意一下我们同学中的一些不文明行为：乱扔垃圾和乱涂乱画。
I am writing to draw_your_attention_to some improper behaviour among us students: littering and scribbling.
3．(2018·浙江高考写作)曾经我在一家旅行社做兼职，从中我积累了许多相关经验。(“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句)
I once worked parttime in a travel agency, from_which_I_have_accumulated lots of related experience.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是
[记牢]
(1)astonishment n． 惊讶
in astonishment 惊讶地，惊奇地
(2)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的，吃惊的
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶
(3)astonish vt. 使惊诧
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Lindsey's husband was totally astonished (astonishment) by the unexpected visit.
②(2016·浙江高考)What brought about this astonishing(astonish) change in me?
③She stared at the result of the experiment in_astonishment.
[写美] 补全句子
④令我们大为惊讶的是，在事故中他逃过一劫而没有受伤。
To_our_great_astonishment/Much_to_our_astonishment,_he escaped being hurt in the accident.
[句式集释]
before引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before_they_even_got_off_the_boats.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)John thinks it_won't_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
(2)If you miss this chance, it_may_be_years_before you get another one.
如果你错过这个机会，多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
(3)It_was_nearly_a_day_before he realized his mistakes and said sorry to his friend Peter.
将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友Peter道歉。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
含before 的常用句式有：
(1)It won't be long before ...“用不了多久就会……”(before从句用一般现在时)
(2)It wasn't long before ...“没过多久就……”(before从句用一般过去时)
(3)It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“要过若干时间之后才……”(before从句用一般现在时)
(4)It was＋一段时间＋before ... “过了若干时间才……”(before从句用一般过去时)
注意事项
before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
①还没来得及……就…… ②……之后才……
③在……之前 ④(不久)就……
⑤以免…… ⑥趁着……(还没有)
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·天津高考书面表达)How time flies! Two weeks has gone by before we know it.(开头句)
(2)I think it won't be long before you make great progress in English.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
declare war on， make a breakthrough， pick up， be involved in， to one's astonishment， drink to， draw attention to， at one point， far from， be annoyed with
1．Scientists have made_a_breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.
2．Now, let's drink_to the further development of your business.
3．The meeting was far_from being a success; it's a failure.
4．He was_involved_in a serious car accident as a result of drunk driving.
5．To_my_astonishment,_they should have finished that task in such a short time.
6．The people in the mountainous areas have declared_war_on poverty.
7．At_one_point I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed.
8．They picked_up as many people from the burning ship as they could.
9．His mother was_annoyed_with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
10．The purpose of the article was to draw_attention_to the problems faced by high school students.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．空气污染越来越严重，因此我们必须采取措施，以免为时已晚。(before)
Air pollution is getting more and more serious, so we must take action before_it_is_too_late.
2．使我们感到欣慰的是，两周后这个小孩安然无恙地回来了。(形容词作状语)
To our relief, two weeks later, the kid returned, safe_and_sound.
3．我们站在山顶，从那里我们可以欣赏到整个城镇。(“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句)
We stood at the top of the hill, from_where_we_can_see_the_whole_town.
Ⅲ.分步写作
每年的9月3日被确定为中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日。假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom给你写信询问有关这个纪念日的详细情况。请根据以下要点，给他写一封回信：
1．介绍该纪念日的由来；
2．说明该纪念日的意义；
3．谈谈自己的看法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：抗日战争：the War of Resistance Against Japan
纪念日：commemoration day
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第三人称。文章应分三部分：开头首先对对方关注纪念日表示感谢并引出话题。第二部分介绍该纪念日的由来(为了庆祝抗日战争的胜利)。第三部分是本文的主体部分，说明该纪念日的意义并谈谈自己的看法。在说明意义时可就对中国人民意义重大和勿忘先辈的奋斗和牺牲两点来写；在谈论自己的看法时可围绕学生应把精力用到学习上，这样中国才能成为强国来写。
开头语：感谢你询问有关我们国家把9月3日作为纪念日的情况。
Thanks_for_asking_about_the_commemoration_day_on_September_3rd_in_our_country.
要点1：9月3日被确定为纪念日，目的是为了庆祝抗日战争的胜利。
September_3rd_is_set_as_the_commemoration_day_to_celebrate_the_victory_of_the_War_of_Resistance_Against_Japan.
要点2－①：这个纪念日的庆祝对我们中国人意义重大，尤其是对我们年轻人来说。(be of＋抽象名词)
The_celebration_of_the_commemoration_day_is_of_great_significance_for_us_Chinese,_especially_for_us_teenagers.
要点2－②：它提醒我们正是我们先辈们的奋斗和牺牲拯救了中国。(强调句型)
It_reminds_us_that_it_was_the_struggle_and_sacrifices_of_our_forefathers_that_saved_China.
要点3－①：作为学生，我们应该把我们所有精力用到学习上。
As_students,_we_should_devote_all_our_energies_to_studying.
要点3－②：只有这样中国才能屹立于世界强国之列，为世界和平做出巨大的贡献。(only置于句首的倒装句)
Only_in_this_way_can_China_stand_among_the_great_powers_of_the_world_and_make_great_contributions_to_world_peace.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容更充实，并且符合题目的要求，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展。如要点1中我们把9月3日确定为纪念日不仅仅是庆祝，应该还有纪念那些革命先烈；要点3－①和要点3－②语意不连贯，需要在要点3－①的基础上指出我们把精力用到学习上的目的是为建设更好的中国做准备，从而过渡到中国才能成为强国上来。
拓展要点1：9月3日被确定为纪念日，目的是为了庆祝抗日战争的胜利并纪念在战争中牺牲的那些英勇的战士。(用who引导的定语从句)
September_3rd_is_set_as_a_commemoration_day_to_celebrate_the_victory_of_the_War_of_Resistance_Against_Japan_and_memorize_the_brave_soldiers_who_lost_their_lives_in_the_war.
拓展要点3－①：作为学生，我们应该把我们所有精力用到学习上，为建设一个更好的中国做准备。(不定式作目的状语)
As_students,_we_should_devote_all_our_energies_to_studying_to_prepare_ourselves_to_build_a_better_China.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文包括三个部分，可采用“三段式”行文。在介绍三个要点时需要一个总起句来统领，避免直接介绍带来的生硬突兀，可写上一句“ Now I am writing to tell you something about it.”和下一段进行衔接，并且要点间可添加衔接词because， in addition等以使文章衔接自然，表达顺畅。
Dear Tom，
Thanks for asking about the commemoration day on September 3rd in our country. Now I am writing to tell you something about it.
September 3rd is set as a commemoration day to celebrate the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan and memorize the brave soldiers who lost their lives in the war.
The celebration of the commemoration day is of great significance for us Chinese, especially for us teenagers. Because it reminds us that it was the struggle and sacrifices of our forefathers that saved China. In addition, as students, we should devote all our energies to studying to prepare ourselves to build a better China. Only in this way can China stand among the great powers of the world and make great contributions to world peace.
Yours，
Li_Hua
相关资料
更多
